WO2006041099A1 - 内包フラーレンの製造方法、及び、内包フラーレンの製造装置 - Google Patents
内包フラーレンの製造方法、及び、内包フラーレンの製造装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006041099A1 WO2006041099A1 PCT/JP2005/018802 JP2005018802W WO2006041099A1 WO 2006041099 A1 WO2006041099 A1 WO 2006041099A1 JP 2005018802 W JP2005018802 W JP 2005018802W WO 2006041099 A1 WO2006041099 A1 WO 2006041099A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fullerene
- endohedral
- endohedral fullerene
- substrate
- bias voltage
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/152—Fullerenes
- C01B32/156—After-treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for purifying endohedral fullerene by removing product force impurities including endohedral fullerene obtained by a production process.
- Non-patent document 1 “Chemistry and physics of fullerenes” Hisashino Shinohara, Yahachi Saito Nagoya University Press
- Encapsulated fullerenes are carbon clusters that contain inclusion atoms such as alkali metals in fullerenes. Therefore, it is a material that is expected to be applied to electronics and medical care.
- Examples of the method for producing the endohedral fullerene include a laser evaporation method, an arc discharge method, an ion injection method, and a plasma irradiation method.
- endohedral fullerenes In the products containing endohedral fullerenes produced by these methods, in addition to endohedral fullerenes, empty fullerenes, encapsulated atoms to be encapsulated, and the like are contained as impurities. Therefore, in order to produce a high purity endohedral fullerene, it is necessary to separate the endohedral fullerene from these impurities and purify the endohedral fullerene.
- Encapsulated fullerene can be purified by using the difference in solubility in a specific solution (solvent extraction), the method using the difference in column retention time (one liquid chromatography), or solvent extraction and liquid chromatography. Combined methods are used Disclosure of the Invention
- Fullerenes are generally soluble in nonpolar solvents (toluene, benzene, etc.) and insoluble or sparingly soluble in polar solvents (water, alcohol, etc.).
- endohedral fullerenes such as Li @ C are sparingly soluble in toluene.
- the product of endohedral fullerene is powdered and toluene
- Li @ C which is difficult to dissolve in toluene, remains as a residue in the filter. So Li @ C can be purified.
- Liquid chromatography is a separation and purification method frequently used in the field of organic chemistry.
- liquid chromatography open column liquid chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
- a substance to be separated is moved through a column (stationary phase) together with a solvent (moving bed).
- the substance to be separated and the impurity are separated by utilizing the property that the elution time differs depending on the interaction between the substance to be separated and the column at the solid-liquid interface. For example, when using 5PPB as the column and ODCB (orthodichlorobenzene) as the mobile phase to separate Li @ C, C elutes first and Li @ C elutes later.
- ODCB orthodichlorobenzene
- dimers and trimers containing empty fullerenes elute at the same time as Li @ C
- organic solvent such as toluene or ODCB.
- organic solvents are generally flammable and harmful to the human body, and there is a problem that it is not preferable to use them in large quantities in mass production processes.
- a material containing endohedral fullerene is ionized in a vacuum vessel to generate a plasma flow consisting of endohedral fullerene ions and impurity ion forces, and the first bias current.
- the plasma flow is irradiated to the deposition substrate on which the second bias voltage having the opposite polarity to the first bias voltage is applied through the trapping substrate whose pressure is applied, and the impurity ions are attached to the capture substrate. And the endohedral fullerene ions are adhered to the deposition substrate.
- the present invention (2) is the method for producing an endohedral fullerene according to the invention (1) using a material containing the endohedral fullerene that has been previously treated with water or an acid.
- a grid electrode to which a third bias voltage is applied is arranged in an opening on the incident side of the plasma flow in the capture substrate, and the third noise voltage is a second bias voltage.
- the inclusion target atom of the inclusion fullerene is an alkali metal
- the first noise voltage is a positive voltage
- the second bias voltage is a negative voltage.
- the fullerene force C is the mixed fullerene.
- the present invention (6) includes a plasma flow generating means for ionizing a material containing endohedral fullerene in a vacuum vessel to generate a plasma flow comprising endohedral fullerene ions and impurity ions, and a first bias voltage. And a deposition substrate to which the inclusion fullerene ions are attached by applying a second bias voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the first bias voltage. It is a manufacturing device.
- the present invention (7) is the endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the invention (6), wherein the capture substrate has a cylindrical shape.
- the present invention (8) is the endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the invention (6), wherein at least a part of the capture substrate is in contact with the plasma flow.
- a grid electrode to which a third bias voltage is applied is arranged in an opening on the incident side of the plasma flow in the trapping substrate, and the third noise voltage is a second bias voltage.
- the encapsulated target atoms contained in the endohedral fullerene product are removed, so they are included in the purified product. It is possible to reduce the amount of impurities that are included in the target nuclear power.
- the trapping substrate By making the trapping substrate cylindrical, the area of the trapping substrate acting on the plasma flow increases, and impurities can be trapped efficiently. Further, since the plasma flow is not shielded by the capture substrate, the plasma flow can be efficiently irradiated onto the deposition substrate.
- Impurity trapping efficiency can be further improved by forming the supplementary substrate in such a shape that at least a part of the trapping substrate is in contact with the plasma flow.
- the purification method using plasma of the present invention does not use an organic solvent, and is therefore suitable for mass purification of endohedral fullerene.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a specific example of an endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (b) is a cross-sectional view of a specific example of an endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (c) is a cross-sectional view of a specific example of an endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (d) is a cross-sectional view of a specific example of an endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- ⁇ 1 (e)] is a cross-sectional view of a specific example of the endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- ⁇ 1 (D) is a cross-sectional view of a specific example of the endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- ⁇ 2] (a) is a cross-sectional view of the endohedral fullerene production apparatus. (B) is a cross-sectional view of the endohedral fullerene manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
- Encapsulation is defined as a state in which one or more atoms other than carbon are confined in the hollow portion of a cage-like fullerene molecule.
- alkali metals such as Li and Na
- alkaline earth metals such as Ca and Sr
- transition metals such as Fe and Co
- halogen elements such as F
- Encapsulated fullerene is a fullerene in which atoms are encapsulated in the hollow portion of a cage-like fullerene molecule.
- “Empty fullerene” is a fullerene in which atoms are not encapsulated in the hollow portion of the cage-like fullerene molecule.
- a molecule in which two or more molecules are polymerized or bonded is referred to as a “polymer”.
- a “monomer” is a molecule (monomer) that is a constituent unit of a polymer and is not polymerized with other molecules.
- fullerene C and endohedral fullerene Li @ C are monomers.
- a “dimer” is a molecule in which two monomers are polymerized or combined, and (C), (Li @ C)
- a “trimer” is a molecule in which three monomers are polymerized or combined, and (C) and (Li @ C) are
- the "product” refers to unpurified endohedral fullerenes produced by a laser evaporation method, an arc discharge method, an ion implantation method, a plasma irradiation method, or the like.
- the product contains impurities such as empty fullerene in addition to the inclusion fullerene.
- “Purified product” refers to an endohedral fullerene that has been purified and improved in purity. It is said to be a purified product, even when the purity is not 100%.
- Impurity means a substance other than a polymer containing an endohedral fullerene and an endohedral fullerene when the substance to be produced is an endohedral fullerene.
- an endohedral fullerene is produced by the plasma irradiation method, the encapsulated target atoms that are not encapsulated in the fullerene, the small number of carbon compounds of the mass number generated by decomposition of the fullerene, the empty Fullerene monomers, dimers, and trimers may be included, and these substances are all impurities in the production of endohedral fullerenes.
- the “trapping substrate” is a substrate that selectively deposits impurities and traps the impurities.
- a noise voltage having a polarity opposite to the polarity of impurity ions generated by ionizing impurities is applied to a conductive substrate, and a Coulomb attractive force is applied to the impurity ions to capture the impurities. ing.
- the "deposition substrate” is a substrate on which the endohedral fullerene is selectively attached and the endohedral fullerene is deposited.
- a bias voltage having a polarity opposite to the polarity of the endohedral fullerene ions generated by ionizing the endohedral fullerenes is applied to the conductive substrate, and a coulomb attractive force is applied to the endohedral fullerene ions, thereby Is deposited.
- the "treatment with water or acid” is a treatment performed to remove energetic inclusion target atoms such as alkali metal contained in the endohedral fullerene product.
- water water with few impurities such as pure water or purified water is used, and as acid, it is an acid that dissolves alkali metals (including those that react and react), and when used in mass production processes. It is preferable to use a highly safe acid. For example, dilute hydrochloric acid can be used.
- treatment refers to a process in which the product is powdered and then mixed and stirred in water or acid, or washed with water or acid and filtered through a filter to recover the residue. is there.
- any encapsulated atoms such as alkali metals can be dissolved and the encapsulated fullerene can be dissolved, so long as it is a liquid, it can be used for pretreatment of the purification step by plasma according to the present invention.
- Mated fullerene is a single carbon cluster material in which a plurality of different types of fullerenes are mixed. According to Non-Patent Document 1, fullerenes are produced by resistance heating or arc discharge. When producing, 70 to 85% C, 10 to 1 by weight ratio among the fullerenes produced
- a mixed fullerene of 60 70 is also commercially available.
- the endohedral fullerene according to the present invention for example, injects an encapsulated atomic vapor onto a thermoionization plate heated in a vacuum vessel to generate a plasma flow, and irradiates the generated plasma flow to a deposition substrate disposed downstream of the plasma flow.
- it can be produced by a method of depositing endohedral fullerenes.
- the endohedral fullerene according to the present invention can be produced by the production apparatus shown in FIG. 2 (a).
- the endohedral fullerene production apparatus comprises a plasma generating unit, a fullerene introducing unit, a tubular vacuum vessel 121 having an endohedral fullerene depositing unit, a vacuum pump 122 for exhausting the vacuum vessel 121, and an electromagnetic coil 123 for confining plasma.
- the encapsulated atomic material such as Li is heated in an oven 126 and sublimated.
- the generated encapsulated atomic vapor is introduced into the plasma generator through the introduction tube 127, and the encapsulated atomic plasma is generated on the thermoionization plate 125.
- the generated internal atomic plasma flows in the direction of the tube axis along a uniform magnetic field.
- fullerene introduction part fullerene such as C is sublimated by oven 128
- the plasma flow consisting of impinges on the front surface of the deposition substrate ⁇ 30 to which a positive bias voltage is applied by the bias power source 131 in the inclusion fullerene deposition portion, and the inclusion fullerene is deposited on the surface of the deposition substrate 130.
- the deposited film produced by the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 (a) is peeled off from the deposited substrate and ground to a powder.
- the deposited film contains impurities such as empty fullerene and encapsulated target atoms in addition to the encapsulated fullerene.
- impurities such as empty fullerene and encapsulated target atoms in addition to the encapsulated fullerene.
- an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is included as an inclusion target atom
- the inclusion fullerene and the inner All encapsulated atoms tend to be positive ions. Therefore, before carrying out purification using the plasma according to the present invention, it is preferable to perform treatment with water or acid in advance to remove the encapsulated target atoms.
- the inclusion target atoms are easily dissolved in water or acid, whereas the inclusion fullerene is difficult to dissolve in water or acid, and therefore the inclusion target atoms can be selectively removed by treatment with water or acid. .
- the product in which the deposited film is powdered is mixed with water such as pure water or an acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid and subjected to ultrasonic stirring. After stirring, let stand for a certain period of time and filter through a filter such as a membrane filter to collect the residue remaining on the filter. Dry residue and grind to powder.
- water such as pure water or an acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid
- FIG. 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a first specific example of an endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing apparatus according to the first specific example includes a tubular vacuum vessel 1 having an electron plasma generation unit, a product introduction unit, and an endohedral fullerene purification unit, a vacuum pump 2 for exhausting the vacuum vessel 1, and an electromagnetic for confining plasma. Consists of coil 3.
- the electron plasma generator is composed of a heating filament 4 and a thermoionization plate 5.
- the thermoionization plate is heated by the heating filament to generate plasma that is electronic force.
- the generated electrons are confined by the magnetic field formed by the electromagnetic coil 3 and become a plasma flow that flows along a space surrounded by the electromagnetic coil while performing Larmor motion.
- the product introduction section includes a product sublimation oven 6 and a resublimation cylinder 7.
- the endohedral fullerene product that has been treated with water or acid is powdered, charged into the product sublimation oven 6 and heated.
- the product is heated to 500 to 700 ° C., and the endohedral fullerene, empty fullerene, dimer and trimer contained in the product are sublimated and introduced into the plasma stream.
- the endohedral fullerene encapsulating an alkali metal has electrons constituting the plasma flow. When they collide, the electrons held by the molecules are likely to leave and become positive ions 9.
- electrons collide with empty fullerenes electrons are attached to fullerenes with high electron affinity when the electron temperature is low (less than about 10 eV) as in thermoionized plasma. It is easy to become.
- at least some dimers and trimers are decomposed into monomers and become monomer ions of each molecule.
- the endohedral fullerene ions formed in the product introduction section and the empty fullerene ions flow into the endohedral fullerene purification section arranged downstream of the plasma flow.
- the endohedral fullerene purification unit is powered by the bias power supplies 13, 14, and 15 that apply a noise voltage to the grid electrode 10, the capture substrate 11, the deposition substrate 12, and each member constituting the endohedral fullerene purification unit.
- a negative bias voltage is applied to the grid electrode 10 by a bias power supply 13.
- the inflowing positive ions of the endohedral fullerene are accelerated and pass through the grid electrode 10.
- the empty fullerene negative ions are subjected to Coulomb repulsion by the negative bias voltage, and some negative ions cannot pass through the grid electrode 10! /.
- the plasma flow having positive ions and negative ion forces that have passed through the grid electrode 10 passes through the cylindrical trapping substrate 11.
- the cross-sectional shape of the capture substrate may be an appropriate shape depending on the cross-sectional shape of the plasma flow.For example, when the shape of the thermoionization plate 5 is circular and the cross-sectional shape of the plasma flow is circular, the capture substrate is A cylindrical shape is preferable. Impurity capture efficiency is improved when at least a portion of the capture substrate is in contact with the plasma stream. Impurity trapping efficiency is further improved if the diameter of the capture substrate is made smaller than the diameter of the plasma flow so that the entire surface of the capture substrate is in contact with the plasma flow. A positive noise voltage is applied to the capture substrate by a bias power source 14. Negative ions of the empty fullerene constituting the plasma flow are captured by the capture substrate 11 by the Coulomb attractive force of the capture substrate.
- the plasma flow that is the positive ion force of the endohedral fullerene from which the negative ions have been removed is irradiated onto the deposition substrate 12 to which a negative bias voltage has been applied by the noisy power source 15 and deposited on the deposition substrate 12.
- the sediment contains almost no encapsulated target atoms, empty fullerenes, and ionic strong energetic carbon clusters. It is. [0040]
- the purity or purification efficiency of the endohedral fullerene can be further increased by combining the purification method using plasma according to the present invention with the solvent extraction method or liquid kumatography method as the background art.
- the purification apparatus using plasma according to the present invention can have a plurality of different apparatus configurations other than the first specific example, depending on the structure of the plasma generation unit and the impurity trapping unit.
- the plasma generation unit and the impurity trapping unit can have a plurality of different apparatus configurations other than the first specific example, depending on the structure of the plasma generation unit and the impurity trapping unit.
- FIG. 1 (b) is a cross-sectional view of a second specific example of the endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing apparatus according to the second specific example includes a tubular vacuum vessel 21 having a product plasma generation unit, an endohedral fullerene purification unit, a vacuum pump 22 for exhausting the vacuum vessel 21, and an electromagnetic coil 23 for confining plasma.
- the product plasma generation unit includes a product sublimation oven 26, a product vapor introduction pipe 27, a heating filament 24, and a thermoionization plate 25.
- the product vapor of the endohedral fullerene heated and sublimated in the sublimation oven 26 is injected onto the thermoionization plate through the introduction pipe 27.
- the endohedral fullerene molecules and the empty fullerene molecules contained in the product vapor are ionized on the thermoionization plate 25 to become positive ions 29 of the internal fullerene and negative ions 28 of the empty fullerene.
- the plasma flow composed of positive ions 29 and negative ions 28 is confined by the magnetic field formed by the electromagnetic coil 24, and constitutes the grid electrode 30, the capture substrate 31, the deposition substrate 32, and the endohedral fullerene purification unit.
- the internal fullerenes and empty fullerenes are separated and refined by being introduced into a bias power source 33, 34, 35 that applies a bias voltage to each member.
- FIG. 1 (c) is a cross-sectional view of a third specific example of the endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing apparatus according to the third specific example includes a tubular vacuum vessel 41 having an electron plasma generation unit, an electron temperature control unit, a product introduction unit, and an internal fullerene purification unit, a vacuum pump 42 for exhausting the vacuum vessel 41, and confining the plasma It is comprised by the electromagnetic coil 43 for.
- the electron plasma generation unit includes a heating filament 44 and a thermoionization plate 45. The thermoionization plate is heated by the heating filament to generate plasma that also has electron power.
- the generated electrons are confined by the magnetic field formed by the electromagnetic coil 43, and become a plasma flow that flows along the space surrounded by the electromagnetic coil while performing Larmor motion.
- the plasma flow passes through the grid-like electron temperature control electrode 47 to which a negative bias voltage is applied by the bias power supply 47.
- a negative voltage By applying a negative voltage to the electrons constituting the plasma flow, it is possible to control the average kinetic energy of the electrons, that is, the electron temperature.
- An empty fullerene has a high electron affinity and easily receives an electron to become a negative ion. At the same time, the empty fullerene has a low ionic potential, so that the electron is taken away and becomes a positive ion.
- electrons collide with empty fullerene molecules when electrons collide with an electron temperature of about 10 eV or less, they become negative ions, and when they collide with electrons whose electron temperature is higher than about 10 eV, they easily become positive ions. It ’s known.
- the product introduction unit is powered by the product sublimation oven 48 and the resublimation cylinder 49.
- the product introduction section for example, positive ions of alkali metal-containing fullerene and negative ions of empty fullerene are generated, and the inclusion comprising the grid electrode 52, the capture substrate 53, the deposition substrate 54, and the bias power supply 55, 56, 57 Introduced to the fullerene purification section, the endohedral fullerene is purified.
- FIG. 1 (d) is a cross-sectional view of a fourth specific example of the endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing apparatus according to the fourth specific example includes a tubular vacuum vessel 61 having an electron plasma generation unit, a product introduction unit, an endohedral fullerene purification unit, a vacuum pump 62 for exhausting the vacuum vessel 61, and an electromagnetic for confining the plasma. Consists of a coil 65.
- the electron plasma generation unit includes a microwave generation source 66, a carrier gas introduction pipe 77, and ECR plasma generation electromagnetic coils 63 and 64.
- carrier gas from carrier gas introduction pipe 77 For example, Ar is introduced into the vacuum vessel 61, and Ar atoms are excited and ionized by the microwave generated by the microwave generation source 66.
- the generated Ar positive ion and electron plasma is converted to ECR plasma with high electron temperature (15 to 30 eV) by the electromagnetic coils 63 and 64, and flows in the space confined in the electromagnetic coil 65. It becomes a flow.
- the inclusion target atoms when encapsulated in fullerene, such as a halogen gas atom in which the inclusion fullerene is only a positive ion, such as an alkali metal described in the first to third specific examples, the endohedral fullerenes become negative ions. In order to separate and purify such an endohedral fullerene as an impurity force that is an empty fullerene force, it is necessary to control the empty fullerene to be a positive ion.
- the product introduction section includes a product sublimation oven 67 and a resublimation cylinder 68.
- the fluorine-containing fullerene product is sublimated and introduced into the plasma flow.
- Fluorine-encapsulated fullerene molecules become negative ions 70 due to electron collision, and empty fullerene molecules become positive ions 69 due to the high temperature of the colliding electrons.
- the endohedral fullerene ions formed in the product introduction section and the empty fullerene ions flow into the endohedral fullerene purification section arranged downstream of the plasma flow.
- the endohedral fullerene refining unit also acts as a power supply with bias power supplies 74, 75, and 76 that apply a noise voltage to each member constituting the grid electrode 71, the capture substrate 72, the deposition substrate 73, and the endohedral fullerene purifying unit.
- a negative bias voltage is applied to the grid electrode 71 by a bias power source 74.
- the negative ions of the contained endohedral fullerene are accelerated and pass through the grid electrode 71.
- the positive ions of the empty fullerene are subjected to Coulomb repulsion by the positive bias voltage, and some of the positive ions cannot pass through the grid electrode 71.
- the plasma flow consisting of positive ions and negative ions passing through the grid electrode 71 passes through the cylindrical trapping substrate 72.
- a negative bias voltage is applied to the capture substrate by a bias power supply 75.
- the positive ions of the empty fullerene constituting the plasma flow are trapped on the trapping substrate 72 by the Coulomb attractive force by the trapping substrate.
- the plasma flow which is the negative ion force of the endohedral fullerene from which positive ions have been removed, is applied to the deposition substrate 73 to which a positive bias voltage has been applied by the noisy power source 76, and is deposited on the deposition substrate 73.
- the deposit contains few energetic inclusion atoms, empty fullerenes, and ionic strong energetic carbon clusters. It is possible to purify monone.
- the fifth specific example and the sixth specific example are separated and purified by the method for producing an endohedral fullerene of the present invention even when using an apparatus having a simpler configuration than the first specific example to the fourth specific example.
- FIG. 1 (e) is a cross-sectional view of a fifth specific example of the endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing apparatus according to the fifth specific example includes a vacuum vessel 81, a vacuum pump 82, an electromagnetic coil 83, a calo heat filament 84, a thermoionization plate 85, a product sublimation oven 86, a resublimation cylinder 87, a capture substrate 90, and a deposition. It consists of a substrate 91 and bias power sources 92 and 93.
- the manufacturing apparatus of the fifth specific example is different from the manufacturing apparatus of the first specific example in that the grid electrode 10 and the bias power supply 13 in the first specific example are not provided. Even if the impurities are not removed by the grid electrode, the trapping substrate 90 captures the impurity ions, so that the endohedral fullerene in the deposition substrate 91 can be purified.
- FIG. 1 (1) is a sectional view of a sixth specific example of the endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing apparatus according to the sixth specific example includes a vacuum vessel 101, a vacuum pump 102, a heating filament 103, a thermoionization plate 104, a product sublimation oven 105, a resublimation cylinder 106, a capture substrate 109, a deposition substrate 110, It consists of bias power supplies 111 and 112.
- the manufacturing apparatus of the sixth specific example is different from the manufacturing apparatus of the first specific example in that the grid electrode 10, the bias power source 13, and the electromagnetic coil 3 in the first specific example are not provided. ing
- the plasma is confined in the vacuum vessel.
- the trapping substrate 109 and the deposition substrate 110 are arranged downstream of the plasma flow by the inclusion fullerene ions and empty fullerene ions generated in the product sublimation oven placed in the middle of the plasma flow. It can be transported to the endohedral fullerene purification section.
- the trapping is performed without removing the impurities by the grid electrode. Since the impurity ions are trapped in the substrate 109, the inclusion fullerene in the deposition substrate 110 can be purified.
- the seventh specific example is a combined use machine of the endohedral fullerene and the purification apparatus, and it is possible to perform the purification of the endohedral fullerene by the production method of the present invention which only requires the production of the endohedral fullerene in one apparatus. .
- FIG. 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view of a seventh specific example of the endohedral fullerene production apparatus according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing apparatus includes a vacuum vessel 141, a vacuum pump 142 for exhausting the vacuum vessel 141, an electromagnetic coil 143 for confining plasma, a plasma generation unit, a fullerene or product introduction unit, an internal fullerene deposition unit. Or the internal fullerene purification unit
- thermoionization plate 145 heated by the heating filament 144 through the introduction tube 147, and the encapsulated atom plasma is generated on the thermoionization plate 145.
- the generated internal atomic plasma flows in the direction of the tube axis along a uniform magnetic field.
- the generated plasma flow consisting of negative C ions is biased in the encapsulated fullerene deposit.
- a negative noise voltage is applied by a bias power source, and a negative bias voltage is applied to the deposition substrate 152 by a bias power source 153.
- a positive noise voltage is applied to the capture substrate 151 by a bias power source (not shown).
- the impurity ions receive a repulsive force at the grid electrode, so that they pass through the grid electrode 150.
- the remaining impurity ions are captured by the cylindrical substrate 151.
- the endohedral fullerene ions selectively adhere to the deposition substrate 152. Since the endohedral fullerene deposited on the deposition substrate 152 is free of impurities, the purity is improved compared to the endohedral fullerene product as a raw material.
- a magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 0.2 T was generated by an electromagnetic coil.
- the encapsulated atomic sublimation oven was filled with solid Li and heated to a temperature of 480 ° C to sublimate Li and generate Li gas.
- the generated Li gas was introduced through a gas inlet tube heated to 500 ° C and sprayed onto a thermoionization plate heated to 2500 ° C. Li vapor was ionized on the surface of the thermal ionization plate, and a plasma flow was generated that was positively charged with Li positive ions, and C vapor heated and sublimated to 610 ° C in a fullerene oven was introduced into the generated plasma flow.
- a + 10V bar is applied to the deposition substrate in contact with the plasma flow.
- a bias voltage was applied to deposit a thin film containing endohedral fullerene on the surface of the deposition substrate. After about 1 hour of deposition, a thin film with a thickness of 0.9 m was deposited.
- the thin film deposited on the deposition substrate in Production Example 1 was peeled off from the deposition substrate to form a powder.
- the encapsulated fullerene product (about 5 mg) was mixed with 500 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid and subjected to ultrasonic stirring for 10 minutes. After stirring, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour, filtered through a membrane filter, and the residue remaining on the filter was collected. The collected residue was dried and ground to give about 4 mg of product powder.
- a manufacturing device For refining Li-encapsulated fullerenes, a manufacturing device with the structure shown in Fig. 1 (a), which has a structure in which electromagnetic coils are placed around a cylindrical stainless steel container, is used, similar to the device used to produce endohedral fullerenes. It was.
- Process conditions are vacuum degree 4.5 X 10- 5 Pa, the magnetic field intensity 0.3 T.
- the thermoionization plate was heated to 2700 ° C to generate an electron plasma flow, and 4 mg of the endohedral fullerene product treated with hydrochloric acid was mounted in the product oven, heated to 600 ° C, sublimated, and Vapor consisting of an endohedral fullerene product was introduced.
- the temperature of the resublimation cylinder was 630 ° C.
- Fig. 3 (a) shows the results of mass spectrometry of the substance attached to the deposition substrate
- Fig. 3 (b) shows the results of mass analysis of the substance attached to the capture substrate.
- the substance attached to the deposition substrate has 727 peaks corresponding to Li @ C.
- the purity of Li @ C is about 90%.
- the peak of 720 corresponding to C, which is a large impurity, is small.
- the substance attached to the trapping substrate has a large 720 peak corresponding to the impurity C, and almost 727 peaks corresponding to Li @ C.
- the encapsulated target atoms contained in the endohedral fullerene product are removed, so they are included in the purified product. It is possible to reduce the amount of impurities that are included in the nuclear energy to be included.
- the trapping substrate By making the trapping substrate cylindrical, the area of the trapping substrate acting on the plasma flow increases, and impurities can be trapped efficiently. Further, since the plasma flow is not shielded by the capture substrate, the plasma flow can be efficiently irradiated onto the deposition substrate.
- Impurity trapping efficiency can be further improved by forming the supplementary substrate in such a shape that at least a part of the trapping substrate is in contact with the plasma flow.
- the purification method using plasma of the present invention does not use an organic solvent, and is therefore suitable for mass purification of endohedral fullerene.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-297385 | 2004-10-12 | ||
JP2004297385A JP2006111460A (ja) | 2004-10-12 | 2004-10-12 | 内包フラーレンの製造方法、及び、内包フラーレンの製造装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006041099A1 true WO2006041099A1 (ja) | 2006-04-20 |
Family
ID=36148386
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/018802 WO2006041099A1 (ja) | 2004-10-12 | 2005-10-12 | 内包フラーレンの製造方法、及び、内包フラーレンの製造装置 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2006111460A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006041099A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018034258A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-02-22 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 内包フラーレン生成装置及び生成方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007057994A1 (ja) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-24 | Ideal Star Inc. | 誘導フラーレン生成装置及び生成方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0729462A (ja) * | 1993-07-14 | 1995-01-31 | Nec Corp | カーボンナノチューブ細線およびスイッチ |
JP2002177702A (ja) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-25 | Sony Corp | カーボンナノ構造体の一段階精製用の超音波還流システム |
-
2004
- 2004-10-12 JP JP2004297385A patent/JP2006111460A/ja not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-10-12 WO PCT/JP2005/018802 patent/WO2006041099A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0729462A (ja) * | 1993-07-14 | 1995-01-31 | Nec Corp | カーボンナノチューブ細線およびスイッチ |
JP2002177702A (ja) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-25 | Sony Corp | カーボンナノ構造体の一段階精製用の超音波還流システム |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018034258A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-02-22 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 内包フラーレン生成装置及び生成方法 |
JPWO2018034258A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-19 | 2019-06-20 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 内包フラーレン生成装置及び生成方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2006111460A (ja) | 2006-04-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5316636A (en) | Production of fullerenes by electron beam evaporation | |
Yang et al. | UPS of buckminsterfullerene and other large clusters of carbon | |
Calder | Ion induced gas desorption problems in the ISR | |
US8367033B2 (en) | Fullerene-based material and process for producing fullerene-based material | |
JP2015071537A (ja) | 材料膜の製造方法及び製造装置 | |
WO2006041099A1 (ja) | 内包フラーレンの製造方法、及び、内包フラーレンの製造装置 | |
JP5065597B2 (ja) | フラーレンベース材料の製造装置、及び、製造方法 | |
JP4529504B2 (ja) | 内包フラーレンの製造方法及び製造装置 | |
JP2010277871A (ja) | 電子サイクロトロン共鳴イオン源装置 | |
RU2371381C2 (ru) | Способ и устройство плазмохимического синтеза нанообъектов | |
JP2012051794A (ja) | フラーレンベース材料の製造装置、及び、製造方法 | |
Mieno et al. | JxB arc jet fullerene producer with a revolver type automatic material injector | |
JP2013035725A (ja) | ニッケル内包フラーレンの製造方法、及び、製造装置 | |
US9522199B2 (en) | Method for collecting metal-containing fullerene | |
Maruyama et al. | Formation Process of Empty and Metal-Containing Fullerenes—Molecular Dynamics and FT-ICR Studies | |
US7462820B2 (en) | Isotope separation process and apparatus therefor | |
JP2011073887A (ja) | 電解質を添加した移動相を用いた原子内包フラーレン塩の分離・精製方法 | |
WO2006051989A1 (ja) | アルカリ金属内包フラーレン類の分離剤、フラーレン類からのアルカリ金属とその化合物の除去方法、アルカリ金属内包フラーレン類の精製方法及び製造方法並びにそれらのシステム | |
JP2000159514A (ja) | 金属内包フラーレンの製造方法 | |
JP2007005021A (ja) | プラズマ源、フラーレンベース材料の製造方法及び製造装置 | |
JP6942359B2 (ja) | 内包フラーレン生成装置及び生成方法 | |
CN110967393A (zh) | 一种基于激光解离的裸金属团簇离子的制备方法 | |
Wang et al. | The Effects of Radicals on the Formation of Fullerene Ions in Laser Desorption Studies of C60 Adducts | |
Paskalov et al. | Porous Material Interactions with RF plasma | |
JP2016028011A (ja) | 電解質を添加した移動相を用いた原子内包フラーレン塩の分離・精製方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV LY MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 05793141 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |