WO2006041084A1 - 磁気共鳴イメージング装置及び方法 - Google Patents
磁気共鳴イメージング装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/563—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of moving material, e.g. flow contrast angiography
- G01R33/56375—Intentional motion of the sample during MR, e.g. moving table imaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/70—Means for positioning the patient in relation to the detecting, measuring or recording means
- A61B5/704—Tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/483—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy
- G01R33/4833—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy using spatially selective excitation of the volume of interest, e.g. selecting non-orthogonal or inclined slices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7253—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms
- A61B5/7257—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms using Fourier transforms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/483—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy
- G01R33/4833—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy using spatially selective excitation of the volume of interest, e.g. selecting non-orthogonal or inclined slices
- G01R33/4835—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy using spatially selective excitation of the volume of interest, e.g. selecting non-orthogonal or inclined slices of multiple slices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/563—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of moving material, e.g. flow contrast angiography
- G01R33/56375—Intentional motion of the sample during MR, e.g. moving table imaging
- G01R33/56383—Intentional motion of the sample during MR, e.g. moving table imaging involving motion of the sample as a whole, e.g. multistation MR or MR with continuous table motion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic resonance imaging (hereinafter referred to as MRI) apparatus and method, and in particular, in an MRI that images a wide range of a subject or the whole body, the direction in which the subject is arranged depending on each part.
- the present invention relates to an MRI apparatus and method capable of taking images according to size and size.
- An MRI apparatus utilizes a nuclear magnetic resonance (hereinafter referred to as NMR) phenomenon that occurs in atomic nuclei of atoms constituting a subject when the subject placed in a uniform static magnetic field is irradiated with electromagnetic waves.
- NMR signal nuclear magnetic resonance signal
- MR image magnetic resonance image
- Patent Document 1 US Pat. No. 6311085
- the imaging slice cross-section set to is usually about the thickness of the subject's body lying on his back or less.
- the folded knee may protrude from the imaging slice cross-sectional force set as described above. That is, when a part of the subject has an inclination or has a different size with respect to other parts, there is a problem that a part of the subject protrudes from the imaging slice cross section.
- the conventional technique takes into consideration the arrangement of each part of the subject (when the subject is placed at an angle, etc.).
- An object of the present invention is to cope with the difference in the direction and size of each subject according to each part of the subject in MRI for imaging a wide area, range, or whole body of the subject.
- the object is to provide an MRI apparatus and method capable of imaging.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention includes a static magnetic field generation unit that generates a static magnetic field in an imaging space, a gradient magnetic field generation unit that generates a gradient magnetic field in the imaging space, and the imaging High-frequency magnetic field generating means for generating a high-frequency magnetic field to cause nuclear magnetic resonance in a subject placed in space, signal receiving means for detecting a nuclear magnetic resonance signal from the subject, and detected nuclear magnetic resonance signal
- a signal processing means for reconstructing an image using a display, a display means for displaying the image, a table for placing the subject and placing the subject in an imaging space, and the subject
- a table moving means for moving the table is provided, and an entire image of the subject is obtained while moving and arranging each imaging region of the subject in the imaging space continuously or step by step.
- the inclination and size of each part of the subject detected by the detection means are displayed on the display means,
- Input means for inputting reference information for performing magnetic resonance imaging in accordance with the inclination and size on an image representing the inclination and size of each part of the subject displayed on the display means;
- Storage means for storing the inputted reference information;
- a control means for controlling the shooting based on the reference information stored in the storage means;
- the image processing apparatus includes combining means for combining the nuclear magnetic resonance signals obtained by the imaging performed under the control to generate the whole image.
- the MRI method of the present invention is suitable for magnetic resonance imaging that images a wide area, range, or entire area of a subject while moving a table on which the subject is placed.
- step (3) a step of synthesizing the entire image using the nuclear magnetic resonance signal obtained in step (2).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a general MRI apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (a) shows an example of an imaging pulse sequence, and (b) shows an example in which echo signals are arranged in k-space. .
- FIG. 3 (a) shows how the relationship between the subject and the imaging space changes as the table is powered, and (b) images are taken while moving the table continuously. It is a figure which shows a method.
- FIG. 4 (a) is a view of the subject lying on the table as viewed from the vertical upper force, and (b) is a view of the subject lying on the table as seen from the side.
- (C) is a diagram showing hybrid data obtained by reading out echo signals and performing one-dimensional Fourier transform in the direction of the gradient magnetic field (ky direction), and (d) connecting the hybrid data corresponding to the phase encoding amount. It is a figure which shows an example.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an MRI procedure in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of setting a shooting block.
- FIG. 7 (a) is a diagram showing an example of setting of a slice slice in a shooting block, and (b) is a diagram showing how to switch the slice slice when moving to a shooting block with a different inclination. (C) is a figure which shows the whole image produced
- FIG. 8 (a) shows the x-ky plane force when the shooting block is parallel to the moving direction of the table. ) Is a shooting professional
- FIG. 6C shows the xz plane force when the camera is parallel to the moving direction of the table and the shooting slice cross-section is switched, and (C) shows the shooting block in the moving direction of the table.
- the shooting slice is switched from one slice slice to the other, the view taken from the x-ky plane is shown in (d) when the shooting block is tilted with respect to the direction of table movement.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram of a situation where the photographing slice section is switched and viewed from the xz plane.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows an example of specifying a slice slice by varying the angle for each block, and (b) shows the echo signal data measured in slab 901-1 side by side.
- Figures (left side) and 902-1 are read out and Fourier transformed in the direction of gradient magnetic field application, and further placed on the X axis as hybrid data (right side) and (c) are slabs 902-
- the echo signal data measured in Fig. 2 (left side) and 902-2 are read out and Fourier transformed in the gradient magnetic field application direction, and the position on the X-axis is appropriately set as hybrid data.
- Arranged diagrams (right side) and (d) are diagrams in which the position information in the z-axis direction is added to the hybrid data obtained in Figs.
- FIG. 10 (a) is a diagram showing an example of setting of an imaging block in the third embodiment, (b) is a diagram showing an example of setting of an imaging slice cross section and readout gradient magnetic field and phase encoding gradient magnetic field directions in the third embodiment. (C) is a cross-sectional view taken along a section parallel to the x-ky plane of the hybrid data in the virtual three-dimensional hybrid space in Example 3, and (d) is a virtual three-dimensional hybrid space in Example 3.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along a cross section parallel to the xz plane of the hybrid data arranged above.
- FIG. 11 shows a flowchart in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a display example of a positioning image in Example 4.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the MRI apparatus of the present invention.
- This magnetic resonance imaging device uses a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomenon to obtain a tomographic image of an object.
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- a static magnetic field generation system 2 As shown in FIG. 1, a static magnetic field generation system 2, a gradient magnetic field generation system 3, The transmission system 5, the reception system 6, the signal processing system 7, the sequencer 4, and the central processing unit (CPU) 8 are configured.
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- the static magnetic field generation system 2 generates a uniform static magnetic field in a space around the subject 1 in the direction of the body axis or in a direction perpendicular to the body axis. Or, there is a normal or superconducting magnetic field generating means.
- the gradient magnetic field generation system 3 includes a gradient magnetic field coil 9 wound in the three axial directions of X, ⁇ , and Z, and a gradient magnetic field power source 10 that drives each gradient magnetic field coil.
- the gradient magnetic fields Gs, Gp, and Gf ⁇ in the three-axis directions of X, ⁇ , and Z are applied to the subject 1.
- the slice plane gradient magnetic field pulse (Gs) is applied in one of the offset directions of X, Y, and Z to set the slice plane for the subject 1, and the phases in the remaining two directions are set.
- Encoding direction gradient magnetic field pulse (Gp) and frequency encoding direction gradient magnetic field pulse (GD are applied, and position information in each direction is encoded in the echo signal.
- Gp direction gradient magnetic field pulse
- GD frequency encoding direction gradient magnetic field pulse
- Oblique photography may be performed by applying an oblique gradient magnetic field using various techniques.
- the sequencer 4 is a control means that repeatedly applies a high-frequency magnetic field pulse (hereinafter referred to as "RF pulse”) and a gradient magnetic field pulse in a predetermined noise sequence, and is operated under the control of the CPU8.
- RF pulse high-frequency magnetic field pulse
- Various commands necessary for data acquisition of 1 tomographic image are sent to the transmission system 5, the gradient magnetic field generation system 3, and the reception system 6.
- the transmission system 5 irradiates an RF pulse in order to cause nuclear magnetic resonance to occur in the nuclear spins of the atoms constituting the living tissue of the subject 1.
- the high-frequency pulse output from the high-frequency oscillator 11 is amplitude-modulated by the modulator 12 at the timing specified by the sequencer 4, and the amplitude-modulated high-frequency pulse is amplified by the high-frequency amplifier 13 and placed close to the subject 1.
- the electromagnetic wave RF pulse
- the receiving system 6 detects an echo signal (NMR signal) emitted by nuclear magnetic resonance of nuclear spins constituting the biological tissue of the subject 1, and is orthogonal to the high-frequency coil 14b and the amplifier 15 on the receiving side. It consists of a phase detector 16 and an A / D converter 17.
- NMR signal nuclear magnetic resonance of nuclear spins constituting the biological tissue of the subject
- the response electromagnetic wave (NMR signal) of the subject 1 induced by the electromagnetic wave irradiated from the high-frequency coil 14a on the transmission side is detected by the high-frequency coil 14b arranged close to the subject 1 and amplified by the amplifier 15 After that, it is divided into two orthogonal signals by the quadrature phase detector 16 at the timing according to the command from the sequencer 4, and each signal is converted to a digital quantity by the A / D converter 17 and sent to the signal processing system 7. It is done.
- the signal processing system 7 includes an external storage device such as an optical disk 19 and a magnetic disk 18, and a display 20 including a CRT.
- an external storage device such as an optical disk 19 and a magnetic disk 18, and a display 20 including a CRT.
- the CPU 8 Processing such as signal processing and image reconstruction is executed, and the resulting tomographic image of the subject 1 is displayed on the display 20 and recorded on the magnetic disk 18 of the external storage device.
- the operation unit 25 inputs various control information of the MRI apparatus and control information of processing performed by the signal processing system 7, and includes a trackball or mouse 23 and a keyboard 24.
- the operation unit 25 is arranged close to the display 20, and the operator interactively controls various processes of the MRI apparatus through the operation unit 25 while looking at the display 20.
- the high-frequency coils 14a and 14b and the gradient magnetic field coil 9 on the transmission side and the reception side are installed in the static magnetic field space of the static magnetic field generation system 2 arranged in the space around the subject 1. .
- the spin species to be imaged by the MRI apparatus are protons, which are the main constituents of the subject, as widely used in clinical practice.
- protons which are the main constituents of the subject, as widely used in clinical practice.
- By imaging the spatial distribution of the proton density and the relaxation state of the excited state it can be displayed in the form of the human head, abdomen, limbs, etc., or in functional or three-dimensional form.
- FIG. 2 (a) shows the Daragent echo pulse sequence.
- RF, Gs, Gp, Gr, AD / echo are RF pulse, slice selection gradient magnetic field, phase encoding gradient magnetic field, readout gradient magnetic field application, AD conversion execution / echo signal measurement, respectively.
- 201 represents an RF pulse 202 denotes a slice selection gradient magnetic field pulse
- 203 denotes a phase encoding gradient magnetic field pulse
- 204 denotes a readout gradient magnetic field pulse
- 205 denotes a sampling window for performing AD conversion
- 206 denotes an echo signal to be measured.
- the measurement of the echo signal is repeatedly performed at a time interval 208 (repetition time TR), and each echo signal is generated after the time 207 (echo time TE) from the application of the RF pulse 201.
- the acquired echo signal 206 is arranged in the k space 209 shown in FIG. 2 (b).
- the horizontal axis kx in Fig. 2 (b) corresponds to the time of the sampling window 205 of the echo signal in Fig. 2 (a), and the vertical axis ky is applied by the phase encoding gradient magnetic field pulse 203 on the Gp axis in Fig. 2 (a). This corresponds to the phase encoding amount (waveform area).
- FIG. 3 (a) shows how the relationship between the subject and the imaging space changes as the table is moved.
- 301 is an imaging space
- 302 is a table.
- the subject 1 is placed on a table 302, and the table 302 is freely moved by a table moving means (not shown) in the X-axis direction.
- the table 302 is freely moved by a table moving means (not shown) in the X-axis direction.
- the positional relationship between the imaging space 301 and the subject 1 is changed, so that images of different parts of the subject can be acquired.
- the positional relationship indicated by A the chest of the subject is imaged
- B or C the abdomen and leg are respectively imaged.
- FIG. 3 (b) is a diagram for explaining a method of shooting while continuously moving the table.
- the moving speed of the table is usually constant throughout the entire period 304 of position A, position B, position C, etc.
- FIG. 4 shows an example in which the imaging slice section is set in a direction parallel to the moving direction of the table 302.
- FIG. 4 (a) is a view of the subject lying on the table 302 as viewed in the vertical upward force. Yes, Fig. 4 (b) shows the case where the lateral force is also seen.
- 401-1 and 401-2 indicate that the field of view to be moved is 401-1 to 401-2. More specifically, when the table 302 moves in the + direction of the X direction, the imaging field of view moves from 401-1 to 401-2, and the imaging field of view moves in one direction in the X direction with respect to the subject. It is supposed to move.
- the direction of the readout gradient magnetic field pulse applied at the time of collecting each echo is parallel to the moving direction of the table, and the intensity is constant.
- the phase encoding gradient magnetic field pulse applied for each acquisition is a horizontal direction (y direction shown in Fig. 4 (a)) whose direction is orthogonal to the moving direction of the table.
- the amount of phase encoding applied during acquisition is recursively changed.
- the vertical axis is the amount of phase encoding in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the table.
- Each echo signal is one-dimensional Fourier transformed in the readout direction (kx direction) and placed at each position. !
- the table moving speed is controlled in accordance with the execution of the pulse sequence (for example, parameters such as the repetition time), or conversely, the execution of the pulse sequence is performed. It is necessary to control the parameters (for example, parameters such as the repetition time) in accordance with the table moving speed in order to combine the hybrid data without disconnecting the imaging region.
- the pulse sequence for example, parameters such as the repetition time
- FIGS. 3 (b) and 4 when performing continuous imaging by moving the table, a plurality of imaging sections are acquired in accordance with the arrangement state of each part of the subject. It is divided into blocks, data is acquired by changing settings such as the slope of the slice slice for each imaging block, and multiple data acquired at different slice slices are combined to create a single wide-area or whole-body image. This is an example.
- the gradient echo pulse sequence shown in FIG. 2 is used as the imaging sequence.
- the photographing procedure of the present embodiment includes a preparatory step group 501 for specifying a photographing block, a step group 502 for performing a main photographing, as a pre-stage of the main photographing. It consists of a post-processing step group 503 for combining data after performing the main photographing.
- a preparatory step group 501 for specifying a photographing block
- a step group 502 for performing a main photographing, as a pre-stage of the main photographing.
- It consists of a post-processing step group 503 for combining data after performing the main photographing.
- the shooting block is designated.
- an image of a sagittal cross-section for positioning with low spatial resolution an image of the subject lying on his back as seen from the side
- the detected tilt and Z or size are detected by the detecting means, and the image is displayed on the display 20.
- the operator displays two or more imaging blocks according to the situation (tilt and / or size, etc.) where each part of the subject (imaging target area) is arranged. Enter on the scanogram.
- the shooting block is input by inputting a rectangle (rectangle) or a parallelogram on the display 20 using the trackball or mouse 23 or keyboard 24 in FIG.
- the lower body has a bent knee and is no longer parallel to the table surface. Therefore, in the shooting block setting in FIG. 6, for the upper body, the shooting block 601-1 and the shooting block 601-2 are stored in parallel with the moving direction of the table by the storage means (memory built in the CPU 8, etc.). However, they have a rectangular parallelepiped area parallel to the moving direction of the table including the upper body of the subject, but for the lower body, the imaging block 601-3 and the imaging block 601-4 are on the table surface. It is stored in the storage means with an inclination according to the direction of the feet of the subject to be paralleled, and has a rectangular parallelepiped region that is not parallel to the moving direction of the table including the subject's feet.
- Fig. 7 (a) shows a setting example when the number of multi-slices is four.
- the screen shown in Fig. 7 (a) is displayed on the display 20.
- the shooting block 70-3 and the shooting block 701-4 the shooting block 701-3 and the shooting block 701-4 whose shooting slice cross section is parallel to the moving direction of the table are tilted.
- the setting information of the imaging slice section set in this step is temporarily stored in the magnetic disk 18, for example.
- the uppermost one in the vertical direction is designated as 702-al to a4
- the one located 702-al to a4 one lower in the vertical direction is designated as 702.
- the one arranged 702-bl ⁇ b4 one down in the vertical direction is designated as 702-cl ⁇ c4
- the one arranged at the bottom in the vertical direction of 702-cl ⁇ c4 is 702-dl ⁇ (! 4.
- Fig. 7 (a) only 70 2-al ⁇ a4, 702-bl, 702-cl, and 702-dl are shown for simplicity.
- Fig. 9 (a) shows a detailed view when the imaging slice cross-section is specified with different angles for each imaging block.
- the X axis is the table moving direction and the y axis is the phase The direction in which the gradient magnetic field is applied, and the z-axis is the vertical direction.
- the force that the direction of the imaging slice cross-section is parallel to the moving direction of the table.
- a slab means a set of multiple multi-slices arranged in one shooting block.
- the readout gradient magnetic field output when shooting the slab 901-1 is Gx (t)
- the slice inclination is Gz (t)
- the readout / slice gradient magnetic field output when acquiring the slab 901-2 is expressed by the following equation (1).
- G 'hi G x hi) ⁇ cos 0 + G, hi) ⁇ sin ⁇
- the table is moved to the initial position. For example, when the imaging of the head force of the subject is also started, setting is made so that the subject's head is placed in the center of the field of view.
- Step 510 In actual photographing performed while feeding the table, it is determined whether the table has moved to the next photographing block set in step 504. If it moves to the next shooting block, it moves to step 509. If not moving to the next shooting block, go to Step 510.
- the slice is set so that the next shooting block can be shot.
- Setting and reading for application of selected gradient magnetic field pulse The setting for applying the gradient magnetic field pulse is changed by the control means such as the CPU 8 based on the setting (stored information) of the imaging condition for each block performed in step 505. For example, when the imaging block moves from 701-2 to 701-3 in Fig. 7 (a), the direction of the gradient magnetic field for slice selection and the direction of the readout gradient magnetic field are tilted. The setting is changed so that an oblique gradient magnetic field can be applied.
- the order of shooting is, for example, 703-d2 ⁇ 703-c2 ⁇ 7 03-b2 ⁇ 703-a2 ⁇ 703-a3 ⁇ 703-b3 ⁇ 703-c3 ⁇ Just like 703-d3.
- the size of the shooting block is the same, but the size changes, the gradient magnetic field strength of the slice selection is changed by how much when executing the gradient echo pulse sequence once. Change settings related to RU etc.
- Gradient magnetic field intensity, phase encoding amount, etc. of slice selection are sequentially changed by control means such as CPU8, and a gradient echo pulse sequence is executed once. More specifically, in the actual imaging in the present embodiment, the gradient echo pulse sequence is changed by moving the table little by little and changing the position of the imaging slice cross section for collecting the echo signal one by one. Execute. The table is driven at a certain predetermined moving speed, and the irradiation frequency of the RF pulse (201 in Fig. 2 (a)) and the gradient magnetic field of slice selection (in Fig. 2 (a)). The echo signals from each slice slice are collected sequentially by sequentially changing the intensity etc. of 202) and sequentially performing gradient echo pulse sequences.
- FIG. 8 is used to explain the procedure of which position of the slice slice is to be imaged while the table is being sent.
- (a) and (b) are for the case where the direction in which the imaging block is arranged is parallel to the moving direction of the table as in 701-1 or 701-2 in Fig. 7 (a).
- FIGS. 8 (c) and (d) are examples, and the direction in which the imaging blocks are arranged is not parallel to the table movement direction, as in 701-3 or 701-4 in Fig. 7 (a).
- the horizontal axis indicates the position X in the moving direction of the table
- the vertical axis indicates the x-ky (x-PE) plane of the phase encoding amount
- (b) and (d) Shows the xz plane in which the horizontal axis represents the position x in the moving direction of the table and the vertical axis represents the slice position z in the vertical direction.
- FIGS. 8 (b) and 8 (d) show sections cut along the AA ′ section in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (c).
- the 801-la, 801-lb, 801-lc, and 801-ld in the cross section of FIG. Shoot sequentially, and then increase the phase encoding amount by one step!
- FIGS. 8 (c) and 8 (d) in which the imaging block is tilted with respect to the moving direction of the table.
- FIG. 8 (c) At the position 804-1 in FIG. 8 (c), FIG. In the cross section of (d), images were taken sequentially in the order of 804-la, 804-lb, 804-lc, and 804-ld, then the phase encoding amount was increased by one step, and the x-ky plane in Fig. 8 (c).
- Move to the 804-2 position above, and 804-la, 804-lb, 804-lc, and 804-ld in Fig. 8 (c) are taken sequentially in the same height in the z direction.
- Step 511 When the table is finally moved, it is determined whether all necessary echo signals have been collected. If all echo signals have been collected, all echo signals can be collected to step 512. If not, go to step 508.
- the echo signal data acquired in each block is read from the magnetic disk 18 into the memory in the CPU 8 and combined by the combining means in the CPU 8.
- connection means arranged in the CPU 8 in the synthesis means along the imaging block arranged in FIG. Connect them together.
- this connection is made by connecting the top slices of the slices in which four slices are placed so that the spatial positions of the connected data are matched.
- 70 2-al to 702-dl 704-a, and 702-al to 702-dl below the vertical direction 702-al to 702-dl in the sliced slice section are connected to form 704-b.
- 703-al to 703-dl below al to 702-dl are joined together to form 704-c, and the vertical direction of the slice slice is below 703-al to 703-dl 704-al to 704-dl Are combined into 704-d, and hybrid data as described in Fig. 4 (d) is generated.
- the whole image is created by Fourier transforming the data (704-a to 704-d) combined in step 512 in the phase encoding direction (ky direction in Fig. 4 (d)). This calculation is performed in the CPU 8, and the obtained result is shown in Fig. 7 (c).
- Whole images 705-a to 705-d are shown corresponding to the hybrid data 704-a to 704-d. According to FIG. 7 (c), in the present embodiment, since the section for taking the slice of the imaging slice is provided, the images are shown as continuous images without interruption at the knee and the toe.
- the whole image created in the whole image creation step 513 is displayed on the display 20, for example.
- the entire image data is temporarily stored in the magnetic disk 18.
- an imaging section can be optimally set according to the arrangement state (tilt or the like) of the imaging target region.
- Example 2
- a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the present embodiment is an embodiment in the case where there are a set photographing block that is parallel to the moving direction of the table and a tilt that is not parallel.
- data interpolation processing is performed on the hybrid data obtained from the imaging block camera having a non-parallel inclination, and the values on the grid arranged in parallel to the moving direction of the table are obtained, and then each imaging is performed.
- This is an embodiment in which hybrid data after data interpolation processing between blocks is correctly connected, and a final image is obtained by performing Fourier transform in the phase encoding direction.
- the present embodiment is different from the flowchart shown in FIG. 5 of the first embodiment only in step 511 and is set to step 51 la, only that portion will be described.
- the echo signal data acquired by each slab is read out and Fourier-transformed in the gradient magnetic field application direction to create hybrid data.
- FIGS. 9 (b) and 9 (c) the echo signal data acquired by each slab is read out and Fourier-transformed in the gradient magnetic field application direction to create hybrid data.
- 902-1 on the left side is the result of arranging the echo signal data measured in slab 901-1 in Fig. 9 (a) as it is, and 903-1 on the right side is 902- 1 is read out and Fourier-transformed in the application direction of the gradient magnetic field, and further, the position on the X-axis is appropriately arranged as hybrid data.
- the left side 902-2 is the same as the echo signal data measured in the slab 901-2 in Fig. 9 (a), and the right side 903-2 is 902-2.
- the data is arranged as hybrid data by performing Fourier transform in the direction in which the readout gradient magnetic field is applied, and further by appropriately positioning the position on the X axis. According to the nobleed data arranged on the right side in Fig. 9 (b) and (c), it can be seen that each hybrid data is shifted little by little as the table moves.
- FIGS. 9 (b) and 9 (c) when the position information in the z-axis direction is added to the noisy data obtained in the above and placed in the virtual three-dimensional space, for example, FIG. 9 (d )become that way.
- the left side corresponds to slab 901-2
- the right side corresponds to slab 901-1.
- the hybrid data is placed on a grid arranged in parallel to the table movement direction.
- interpolation processing is performed and the grids arranged parallel to the table moving direction are used. The above value needs to be calculated.
- Fig. 9 (e) is an enlarged view of a part on the dotted line 904 in Fig. 9 (d), and solid lines 905-1 and 905-2 are cross-sections of the imaging slice in the slab 901-2. -1 to 906-7 are data on the cross section of the imaging slice, and 907-1 to 907-5 are a part of the grid arranged parallel to the moving direction of the table.
- a predetermined range is determined as, for example, a square 908, and the interpolation built in the CPU 8 is performed using hybrid data on a slice slice within the range. Interpolation processing is performed by means. In the example shown in Fig. 9 (e), calculation is performed using the following formula 2 using 906-2, 906-3, and 906-5.
- Equation 2 P (m) represents the mth (1 ⁇ m ⁇ M: M is the total number of grid points) 907-3, and N (m) is the mth
- M is the total number of grid points
- N (m) is the mth
- D (m, n) is the value of the nth measurement data in the effective range around the mth grid point
- r (m, n) is the focus
- W (r) is a weight function according to the distance.
- W (r) it is conceivable to use the Sine function expressed by the following equation (3).
- Reference numeral 909 on the left side of FIG. 9 (1) represents on the x-ky plane the hybrid data in the slab 901-2 converted to the data on the grid points by interpolation as described above. 909 in Fig. 9 (1) can be combined with the hybrid data 903-1 obtained in slab 901-1! /, And when combined, it becomes as shown on the right side of Fig. 9 (1).
- the imaging slice cross section is specified with different inclinations for each imaging block, the data subjected to the interpolation processing using the position information is combined.
- the spatial information of the entire image can be correctly reconstructed.
- a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is different from the flowchart of FIG. 5 in Embodiment 1 only in Step 504, Step 505, and Step 511, and is Step 504b, Step 505b, and Step 51 lb. Therefore, only that portion will be described.
- the present embodiment is an imaging method in which the size of the imaging blocks, the direction of the imaging slice cross section arranged in each imaging block, and the direction in which the readout gradient magnetic field is applied are different.
- step 504b, 505b and step 51 lb in the present embodiment will be described in order.
- Fig. 10 (a) An example of setting in this step is shown in Fig. 10 (a).
- 1001-1 which is thick in the vertical direction (z direction)
- 1001-2 is set to image the chest and abdomen of the subject. 1001-2 with a small thickness is set in the vertical direction (z direction).
- the imaging slice is cut for each imaging block.
- the setting direction of the surface is changed, and the direction of the readout gradient magnetic field applied for imaging at each slice slice is also changed.
- Fig. 10 (b) shows an example of setting the imaging slice cross-section, readout gradient magnetic field, and phase encode gradient magnetic field direction in this setting.
- the imaging slice cross-sectional force is set perpendicular to the axial direction, which is the direction of the readout gradient magnetic field, and the direction of the phase encoding gradient magnetic field is the y-axis.
- the slice cross section is set perpendicular to the z-axis direction, and the readout gradient magnetic field direction is the X-axis.
- step 511b in this embodiment the acquired echo signal data is read out and subjected to a one-dimensional Fourier transform in the direction in which the gradient magnetic field is marked. Then, when the obtained data is arranged in the virtual three-dimensional hybrid space, it becomes as shown in Fig. 10 (c) and Fig. 10 (d).
- Fig. 10 (c) is a diagram showing a cross-sectional view of the hybrid data arranged in the virtual three-dimensional hybrid space, taken along a plane parallel to the x-ky plane
- Fig. 10 (d) is a diagram of the hybrid data. It is the figure which showed the cross section which cut with the cross section which is parallel to xz plane.
- Figure 10 (c) shows data for an arbitrary position in the z-axis direction
- Figure 10 (d) shows data for an arbitrary position in the ky-axis direction.
- the arrows in the figure indicate the temporal order in which the echo signals for generating each hybrid data were collected.
- the table is gradually moving in the + direction of the X axis during measurement, the noise data obtained by each echo signal is also moving in the-direction of the X axis little by little.
- the shooting slice cross section is the yz plane, so the hybrid data is arranged in a dotted pattern on the x-ky plane in Fig. 10 (c), but in the xz in Fig. 10 (d). On a plane, it is a line.
- the imaging block 1001-2 has an imaging slice cross section on the xy plane, the arrangement of the hybrid data on the x-ky plane in Fig. 10 (c) is linear, but in Fig. 10 (d). The arrangement on the xz plane is on a line.
- Step 512b Data interpolation processing is performed based on the data arranged in the virtual three-dimensional and irregular spaces shown in Figs. 10 (c) and 10 (d), and the value of the hybrid data on a predetermined grid is obtained. .
- the values for the points on the grid indicated by the dotted lines in FIGS. 10 (c) and (d) are respectively obtained as hybrid interpolation data.
- a final overall image can be obtained by performing a Fourier transform on the hybrid interpolation data in the ky direction.
- Fig. 10 (d) there is no data corresponding to the positions of the hybrid interpolation data 1003-2 and 1003-3 in the z-axis direction, so that portion should be filled with data having a value of 0. it is conceivable that.
- the spatial information of the entire image is obtained by combining the data by matching the position information. Can be reconfigured so that is correct.
- This embodiment is a useful method in cases where it is better to take an image with a different imaging method in order to obtain an image better depending on the imaging region of the subject.
- Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 11 and FIG.
- this embodiment is an embodiment in which the imaging slice cross section is changed in real time while the subject is continuously imaged by moving the table.
- FIG. 11 has steps 1108 and 1109 instead of the step group 501 compared to FIG. 5 of the first embodiment, only different steps 1108 and 1109 will be described.
- Step 1109 the ability to change the slope of the slicing slice in real time using the graphic user interface during shooting. If it is changed, go to Step 1109. If not, go to Step 510.
- FIG. 12 shows a subject positioning image displayed on the display 20 (for example, a view of the subject lying on his / her back as well as lateral force).
- reference numeral 1201 denotes a subject
- 1202-1 and 1202-2 are boxes representing imaging slice sections.
- the box representing the slice slice is the position currently being shot, The position where the last shot was taken and the position where the shot will be taken are displayed separately.
- the solid line box indicated by 1202-1 indicates that the imaging slice section in the box is being shot, and is indicated by 1202-2.
- the dotted box indicates that the next slice slice in that box will be taken.
- FIG. 12 (b) shows the positioning image after a predetermined time has elapsed from the time of FIG. 12 (a), and the box 1202-2 becomes a solid line and is a box being photographed.
- the next button 1202-3 to be imaged is input so that the subject's legs are arranged with a tilting force in accordance with the tilt. For this input, use the trackball or mouse 23 or keyboard 24 shown in Fig. 1.
- FIG. 12 (c) shows the result of further photographing from the timing of FIG. 2 (b).
- 1202-2 is a shooting box and is a solid line.
- the box 1202-4 to be photographed next is input so that the subject's leg is tilted and tilted according to the tilt.
- step 510 the sequence is executed based on the change of the photographing condition input in step 1109 or the like.
- the imaging slice section can be updated arbitrarily during imaging.
- the next box to be photographed when the next box to be photographed is set to be tilted in step 1108 during photographing, the next box is photographed so that the next box can be photographed based on the input information.
- Settings were made to apply oblique gradient magnetic fields, etc., and in step 510, a gradient echo pulse sequence could be performed according to the gradient. For this reason, the imaging slice cross section can be changed in real time while the subject is continuously imaged by moving the table.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the gradient echo noise is Although the case of shooting in a sequence has been shown, other sequences can also be applied.
- the case where the data merging process is performed after the completion of all measurements has been shown, but it is also possible to perform the merging process immediately when necessary data is available even during measurement.
- the force that may cause the inclination of each shooting block or between boxes to differ with respect to the moving direction of the table is obtained for each shooting block or each box.
- each part of the subject may be arranged, and the subject may be photographed laterally using a camera or the like that does not need to photograph a scanogram or the like in order to detect the tilt or size.
- a straight line, a broken line, or a curved line that does not need to input a plurality of imaging blocks may be used.
- the table moving speed may not be constant, and the speed may be increased during the above shooting (for example, when moving from 804-7 to 804-8 in Fig. 8 (c)). Needless to say, you may be able to apply a swiftness or stop it.
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Abstract
Description
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US11/664,893 US20090012385A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 | 2005-10-12 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging Device and Method |
EP05793156A EP1803393A4 (en) | 2004-10-13 | 2005-10-12 | MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING METHOD AND DEVICE |
JP2006540943A JP4937756B2 (ja) | 2004-10-13 | 2005-10-12 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
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JP2004-298304 | 2004-10-13 | ||
JP2004298304 | 2004-10-13 |
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US (1) | US20090012385A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1803393A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4937756B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100448397C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006041084A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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JP2011172915A (ja) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-09-08 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置および磁気共鳴イメージング方法 |
KR20130078865A (ko) | 2011-12-31 | 2013-07-10 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 폰틴의 메틸화 정도를 이용한 항암제 스크리닝 방법 |
WO2014104212A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | 株式会社 東芝 | 医用画像診断装置 |
JP2015058220A (ja) * | 2013-09-19 | 2015-03-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
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US7701214B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2010-04-20 | Hitachi Medical Corporation | Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus |
JP2010207568A (ja) * | 2009-02-10 | 2010-09-24 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
US9709650B2 (en) | 2011-11-06 | 2017-07-18 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Method for calibration-free locally low-rank encouraging reconstruction of magnetic resonance images |
EP2866045A1 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2015-04-29 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and method |
KR101663229B1 (ko) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-10-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 자기 공명 영상 장치 및 그에 따른 자기 공명 영상의 이미징 방법 |
EP4060363A1 (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-09-21 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Automated detection of critical stations in multi-station magnetic resonance imaging |
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- 2005-10-12 CN CNB2005800224158A patent/CN100448397C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-12 US US11/664,893 patent/US20090012385A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-12 WO PCT/JP2005/018781 patent/WO2006041084A1/ja active Application Filing
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WO2014104212A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | 株式会社 東芝 | 医用画像診断装置 |
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JP2015058220A (ja) * | 2013-09-19 | 2015-03-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
Also Published As
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EP1803393A1 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
US20090012385A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
JPWO2006041084A1 (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
EP1803393A4 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
JP4937756B2 (ja) | 2012-05-23 |
CN1980599A (zh) | 2007-06-13 |
CN100448397C (zh) | 2009-01-07 |
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