WO2006030952A1 - 流体混合器 - Google Patents
流体混合器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006030952A1 WO2006030952A1 PCT/JP2005/017275 JP2005017275W WO2006030952A1 WO 2006030952 A1 WO2006030952 A1 WO 2006030952A1 JP 2005017275 W JP2005017275 W JP 2005017275W WO 2006030952 A1 WO2006030952 A1 WO 2006030952A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
- B01F25/4331—Mixers with bended, curved, coiled, wounded mixing tubes or comprising elements for bending the flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/30—Micromixers
- B01F33/301—Micromixers using specific means for arranging the streams to be mixed, e.g. channel geometries or dispositions
- B01F33/3011—Micromixers using specific means for arranging the streams to be mixed, e.g. channel geometries or dispositions using a sheathing stream of a fluid surrounding a central stream of a different fluid, e.g. for reducing the cross-section of the central stream or to produce droplets from the central stream
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/30—Micromixers
- B01F33/301—Micromixers using specific means for arranging the streams to be mixed, e.g. channel geometries or dispositions
- B01F33/3012—Interdigital streams, e.g. lamellae
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00783—Laminate assemblies, i.e. the reactor comprising a stack of plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00851—Additional features
- B01J2219/00858—Aspects relating to the size of the reactor
- B01J2219/0086—Dimensions of the flow channels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00889—Mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00891—Feeding or evacuation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00925—Irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
Definitions
- the present invention has a micro flow path composed of a mixing flow path and a plurality of inflow paths connected to the mixing flow path, and at least two kinds of fluids are introduced into the mixing flow path from the plurality of inflow paths.
- a fluid mixer in which fluids are mixed, and a chemical reaction between reagents mixed in the mixing channel, for example, a synthesis reaction for the purpose of producing a predetermined substance or a reagent for the purpose of inspection. It relates to a fluid mixer (hereinafter also referred to as a microreactor) for reacting with a specimen.
- the fluid is a liquid or a gas, or a mixture of a liquid and a gas, or a solid containing them.
- a liquid it is also simply referred to as a reagent or a reagent solution.
- the above-described micro flow channel refers to a flow channel having a cross-sectional dimension of 10 mm or less.
- the flow path preferably has a cross-sectional dimension of 500 / z m to 100 nm under conditions in light of current processing technology.
- a channel with a cross-sectional dimension of 1 ⁇ m to 100 nm is required to control the reagent at the molecular level. More desirable.
- microreactors that cause various microchemical reactions while flowing reagent solutions using channels (microchannels) having a minute channel cross-sectional area have attracted attention.
- a micro-reactor for example, since the cross-sectional area of the flow path is very small, a small volume of reagent solution and specimen is sufficient, and in addition, the specific surface area flowing through the flow path (per unit volume) Since the surface area is large, it is easy to quickly control the temperature with extremely high heat exchange efficiency.Therefore, the selectivity to the stereochemistry, geometric isomerism, and positional isomerism of the reaction product is high. There is an advantage that the reaction can be carried out efficiently.
- A is a frequency factor
- E is an active energy
- R is the gas constant
- T is the absolute temperature
- k is called the rate constant, and the reaction rate increases as the value increases.
- V is the flow velocity
- V is the kinematic viscosity coefficient
- D is called the representative dimension, and uses the cross-sectional dimensions (width and height) of the flow path through which the fluid flows.
- a flow with a small Re number is called laminar flow, and a flow with a large Re is called turbulent flow.
- Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show flow visualization photographs when an obstacle (cylinder) is placed in the flow field.
- Fig. 2 which is Re 32
- a laminar flow Such a clean laminar flow is called a laminar flow.
- Fig. 3 of Re 161 it can be seen that a staggered vortex street called Karman vortex street is formed downstream of the obstacle, and mixing is promoted by the effect of the vortex.
- the Re number is 10 3 to 10 5
- the vortices emitted from the left and right sides of the obstacle diffuse toward the downstream, and the entire flow becomes irregularly turbulent. .
- Such a flow field is called turbulent flow.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a typical microreactor shape of the prior art.
- the Re number in the mixing channel of the reactor is calculated assuming that the representative dimension D is 100 m of the channel width, the flow rate is 0.001 m / s in the mixing channel, and the flowing fluid is water. Then
- the Re number is a small laminar flow region. For this reason, it is predicted that the mixing flow will be a clean laminar flow and mixing will not be facilitated.
- FIG. 5 is an example of fluid analysis when two kinds of solutions are mixed in the reactor of FIG.
- the concentration of an assumed substance hereinafter simply referred to as substance A
- substance A an assumed substance having a molecular weight of 131 g / mol
- inflow path A l.Omol / 1 aqueous solution
- reagent solution B water
- the diffusion coefficient of the substance A in water was 6.9 X 10- 8 cm 2 / s .
- the contour map in Fig. 5 shows the volume concentration of reagent solution A. From the analysis results shown in Fig.
- the mixing of the reagent solution in the microreactor is governed by molecular diffusion.
- Molecular diffusion is a phenomenon caused by the Brownian motion of particles, and the diffusion distance is a function of temperature only. In other words, if the temperature is constant, mixing in the microreactor mixing channel forms a reagent solution as an extremely thin layer, and if the interface between the layers is thin, the mixing distance is reduced, so rapid mixing is achieved. Is obtained.
- the conventional mixer and mechanism try to perform molecular diffusion mixing in a fluid mixing portion.
- effective mixing by molecular diffusion is applied to the mixing part! This is achieved by forming the fluid to be mixed into a thin and uniform multilayer, or by reducing the flow velocity while maintaining the thin layer.
- the conventional liquid mixer as described above is not necessarily suitable for forming such a thin and uniform fluid layer.
- the arrangement of the liquid dividing fine grooves 3 and 4 is not symmetrical with respect to the liquid mixing fine groove 5, so that the flow is prevented at the portion flowing into the liquid mixing fine groove 5.
- Flow separation occurs when there is a drift or when the flow velocity is relatively high.
- this mixer has a shape in which the three-dimensionality having flow components in the three directions of XYZ tends to cause strong flow.
- a flow having three-dimensionality flows into the liquid mixing fine groove 5, it does not actually become a uniform thin layer as shown in the figure, and the thickness of the layer is different.
- mixing is not promoted because the diffusion distance of molecular diffusion increases.
- the above publication does not mention the length and thickness of each of the liquid dividing thin grooves 3 and 4. Since the liquid mixing fine groove 5 has a minute cross-sectional shape, the pressure loss of the fluid is large, and it seems that a large flow path loss occurs upstream and downstream of the liquid mixing fine groove 5. Therefore, it is surmised that some contrivance is required for each of the liquid dividing narrow grooves 3 and 4, such as changing the thickness and length with respect to the flow direction of the liquid mixing thin grooves 5.
- the flow rate flowing from each narrow groove into the liquid mixing narrow groove 5 is uniform, and the possibility is great.
- the difference in the flow rate of each narrow groove force is caused by the difference in the thickness of each layer of liquid A and liquid B in FIG. 5 described in the publication.
- thicker layers do not promote mixing with surrounding layers.
- the importance of making the thickness of each layer in the liquid mixing fine groove uniform by controlling each fine groove force and the flow rate flowing into the liquid mixing fine groove should be completely considered.
- the position where at least two transport channels for transporting the same liquid are connected is such that the liquid sent to the mixing channel via the transport channel simultaneously joins the mixing channel. It may be a position, or may be a position where one of these liquids joins first ”(see paragraph“ 0033 ”).
- this mixing mechanism is not preferable for forming a uniform thin layer in the flow path for mixing 3 Excluding the elements that generate a dimensional flow, the viewpoint power has been examined, but it cannot be said.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to stably and easily form a state in which a plurality of uniformly thinned reagent solutions are stacked in a mixing channel, and to form an ultrathin multilayer.
- Preferable molecules by forming a fluid mixer that can achieve the effect of molecular diffusion mixing, or by forming a layer of uniformly layered reagents in the mixing channel and slowing the flow in that state. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fluid mixer capable of obtaining the effect of diffusion mixing.
- the present invention has a mixing channel and a plurality of inflow channels connected to the mixing channel, and at least two kinds of fluids are introduced into the mixing channel from the plurality of inflow channels.
- a fluid mixer for mixing fluids wherein the plurality of inflow passages are connected to the mixing passage at predetermined intervals in the flow direction, and adjacent to each other. The matching flow path connections are piped so that different types of fluid are introduced.
- a fluid mixer is provided.
- the plurality of inflow channels are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mixing channel.
- the plurality of inflow paths are arranged on substantially the same plane as the mixing flow path, and at least for introducing the same kind of fluid in each of the flow path connection portions. It is preferable that the two inflow channels are connected to the mixing channel from both sides.
- each flow path length of the plurality of inflow paths is located downstream of the mixing flow path. A longer configuration is recommended.
- the cross-sectional areas of the plurality of inflow passages are made smaller as the cross section is located downstream of the mixing passage.
- a resistor may be provided in the plurality of inflow paths so that the fluid loss increases as the inflow path is located on the downstream side of the mixing flow path.
- the fluid mixer of the present invention is a fluid mixer having a multilayer structure, wherein a mixing channel and a plurality of inflow channels connected to the mixing channel are provided on at least one layer, and the upper layer and Z or A supply tank having at least two kinds of fluids is provided in the lower layer, and a predetermined hole is provided to connect the supply tank and the inflow path so that fluid is supplied to each inflow path. Can be configured.
- the diameter of the vertical hole is made smaller as it is located downstream of the mixing passage. It is good to do.
- the supply tank for supplying the same type of fluid can be divided into parts that can be fed with different back pressure, and the back pressure can be set to be lower as it is located downstream of the mixing channel. It is good to be.
- the temperature in the vicinity of the plurality of inflow passages can be controlled, and the one located upstream of the mixing passage. It should be possible to set the temperature so as to increase. Further, the depth of the mixing channel may be made deeper in the portion located on the downstream side. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the mixing channel in the downstream portion from the range having the channel connecting portion may be smaller than the cross-sectional area in the upstream portion.
- the flow path connecting portion is further provided from the viewpoint of further promoting the mixing.
- the mixing flow path in the downstream portion from the range having a meandering structure may be used.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- a processor for performing a predetermined process on one or a plurality of fluids a processing chamber forming a disk-shaped processing space, and an introduction flow path for introducing the fluid into the processing chamber And a discharge channel for leading the fluid from the processing chamber, and the predetermined processing is performed while the fluid flows in the radial direction in the processing chamber.
- the introduction channel is provided on a central side of the processing space, and the outlet channel is provided on an outer peripheral side of the processing space. Processor to be used.
- the derivation flow path is provided on a central side of the processing space, and the introduction flow path is provided on an outer peripheral side of the processing space. Processor to be used.
- a dividing plate that divides the processing space in the thickness direction is provided, and the two processing spaces partitioned by the dividing plate are
- the processing device is characterized in that it joins in the vicinity of the edge of the dividing plate.
- the processor is characterized in that the plurality of outlet channels are arranged in a circumferential direction.
- the processor according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the outlet channel is provided along a tangential direction of the processing chamber.
- the partition member is provided so as to partition the processing space in a spiral shape. As a result, a swirling flow is formed so that the processing space can be used efficiently, and the area occupied by the outlet channel can be reduced, thereby reducing the size of the apparatus.
- an equivalent diameter of the introduction flow path is 1 cm or less
- a diameter of the treatment space is 10 cm or less
- a thickness of the treatment space is 1 cm or less.
- the processor characterized by being.
- One or more fluids are introduced into a processing chamber forming a disc-shaped processing space, and mixed with the one or more fluids while the fluid flows in the radial direction in the processing chamber. And Z or chemical treatment.
- a plurality of flow path connection portions are provided by connecting a plurality of inflow paths at predetermined intervals in the flow direction, and different types of fluids are used in adjacent flow path connection portions. Since different types of fluids are extremely thinned in the mixing flow path, they can be stacked one after another in a uniform thickness to obtain a multi-layered flow field. Fluid Mixing by molecular diffusion between them can be favorably promoted.
- the flow field has a very low Re number
- mixing by molecular diffusion is unavoidable.
- the reagent solution is mixed in a short mixing channel. It becomes possible to improve the yield and shorten the chemical reaction time.
- the microreactor can be made smaller, and the pressure loss in the reactor is also reduced. Reducing the pressure loss in the reactor directly contributes to reducing the running cost of the microreaction system.
- parallelization (numbering up) is being carried out to adjust the production volume of the microreaction system. When thousands or tens of thousands of reactors are arranged in parallel to expand production, the miniaturization of one reactor greatly contributes to the small size of the entire system.
- the physical or chemical of the fluid can be obtained with a simple shape and configuration. It is possible to promote or control a general process, and to provide a processing apparatus and a processing method that are inexpensive and efficient.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the progress of a chemical reaction handled in a microreactor.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a laminar flow state for explaining mixing of liquids.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a turbulent state for explaining mixing of liquids.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a flow path shape of a typical microreactor of the prior art.
- Reagent A molecular weight 131g / mol, l.Omol / 1 aqueous solution
- Reagent A is 0 from the upper inflow pipe.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of fluid analysis when two types of solutions are mixed in the reactor of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of the present mixer.
- the branch plate end of the upper layer plate and the lower layer plate are communicated with each other through a well, and the reagent is supplied to the upper layer plate.
- FIG. 7 shows a multilayer flow of reagent solutions A and B formed in the mixing flow path of the mixer. It is a schematic diagram.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a model of flow analysis to confirm the molecular diffusion effect by the mixer.
- Reagent A molecular solution 131 g / mol, water solution with a concentration of l.Omol / 1
- reagent B water flows from the lower inflow pipe at 0.001 m / s.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an analysis result in the model of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a model for calculating flow path loss in the mixer.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which the flow path length is suitably changed.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which the tube diameter is suitably changed.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which the diameter of a vertical hole communicating with the supply tank and the inflow path is suitably changed.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which the back pressure of the supply tank is suitably changed.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which a resistor is suitably installed in the inflow channel.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which the temperature of each inflow path is suitably changed in the flow direction.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which the mixing channel is suitably deepened by directing the downstream side.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which the channel width is suitably reduced on the downstream side of the mixing channel.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which the width of the mixing channel is suitably increased according to the inflow of the reagent solution.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic view showing an embodiment in which a multistage reaction is carried out on one mixer.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment in which a multistage reaction is performed on a plurality of mixers.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which the arrangement of one supply tank is changed.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present mixer in which the downstream portion of the mixing flow path is meandered.
- FIG. 24 (a) and FIG. 24 (b) are diagrams showing a processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 25 (a) and 25 (b) are diagrams showing a processor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 26 (a) to (c) are diagrams showing a processor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 27 (a) and 27 (b) are diagrams showing a processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 (a) to (d) are diagrams showing a processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 29 (a) and 29 (b) are diagrams showing a processor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 30 (a) and 30 (b) are diagrams showing a processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 (a) is a diagram showing a conventional processor
- (b) and (c) are diagrams showing a processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 (a) is a diagram showing a processor according to another embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a diagram showing a conventional processor.
- FIGS. 33 (a) and 33 (b) are diagrams showing a conventional processor
- FIGS. 33 (c) and (d) are diagrams showing a processor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a processor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing a processor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 (a) is a diagram showing a conventional standard micro-mixing processor, and (b) and (c) are conventional micro-processors in which the mixing channel is lengthened to allow a sufficient diffusion distance.
- Figure (d) shows
- FIG. 6 schematically shows a schematic configuration of a fluid mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This fluid mixer (hereinafter simply referred to as this mixer) consists of two plates that are bonded together and joined together, and different types of reagent solutions are mixed on one side of the upper layer plate (or lower layer plate). And a plurality of inflow passages that are joined to the mixing flow channel at the flow passage connecting portion, and the upper layer plate (or lower layer plate) has a predetermined reagent solution in each of the plurality of inflow passages.
- a supply tank for supplying the liquid is formed.
- the mixing channel and the plurality of inflow channels are formed on one upper layer plate, and all the channels are arranged on substantially the same plane.
- the supply tank and the inflow channel communicate with each other through a vertical hole, and the reagent solution is supplied to the corresponding inflow channel.
- the reagent solution supply tank is disposed below (or above) the layer having the mixing channel, and may be provided in a plurality of layers depending on the type and amount of the reagent to be supplied.
- the mixing flow path is provided with a plurality of flow path connecting portions in which two of the plurality of inflow paths are connected at approximately equal intervals.
- the two inflow passages connected to one flow path connection portion are connected to the mixed flow path so as to merge from both sides, and are arranged symmetrically with the mixed flow path interposed therebetween.
- the same amount of a predetermined reagent solution is supplied from both side surfaces of the mixing channel at each channel connecting portion.
- each inflow path has a different length between adjacent flow path connections, and is connected to different supply tanks according to the length, so that different types of reagent solutions are supplied.
- a short inflow channel corresponding to the reagent solution A and a long inflow channel corresponding to the reagent solution B are alternately piped in the flow direction of the mixing channel. 'Connected so that two different reagent solutions flow in the same amount alternately.
- the same type of reagent solution is allowed to flow in the same amount from both sides on the same surface at the same flow rate in each flow path connection portion, and is different between adjacent flow path connection portions. Since the same amount of each type of reagent solution is allowed to flow alternately, a strong three-dimensional flow does not occur in the channel connection part and the mixing channel.
- the fluid of each reagent solution appears to be uniformly stacked with very thin layers in the mixing channel (see the enlarged view in FIG. 7). In this way, the diffusion distance of each layer of the reagent solution is reduced. Mixing is promoted.
- the details of the material and handling of the plate used and the method of forming the micro flow path and supply tank to the plate follow the conventional method of photolithography technology commonly used in semiconductor engineering.
- the present mixer can also be manufactured using materials and methods well known in the art based on the disclosure of the present application.
- any known means can be applied to the method of driving the fluid from the supply tank to each inflow path. For example, pressure driving by a pump or the like or Z or electrophoresis or electroosmotic flow or the like can be used. Drive can be used.
- FIG. 8 shows the analysis model.
- substance A the concentration of the assumed substance (hereinafter simply referred to as substance A) with a molecular weight of 131 g / mol in the inflow channel of reagent solution A 1. Omol / 1
- the aqueous solution (reagent solution A) flows into inflow channel B and the water (reagent solution B) flows at a flow rate of 0.0001 m / s.
- Diffusion coefficient of the diffusing substance A to water were also similarly to 6.9 X 10- 8 cm 2 / s .
- each inflow path force a uniform flow rate to the mixing path.
- the above analysis was performed by defining the flow rate of each inflow channel with boundary conditions. Actually, the amount of inflow from each inflow channel to the mixing channel is caused by the channel loss of the mixing channel. It is expected to change. Therefore, the channel loss of the mixed channel portion was estimated.
- the cross-sectional shapes of the mixing channel and the inflow channel are assumed to be rectangular, and the hydraulic loss is obtained for each to examine the channel loss. From the upstream side to the downstream side of the mixing channel, let the inflow path be A ⁇ and B ⁇ , and let each confluence be A ⁇ confluence and B ⁇ confluence (
- the flow rate of each inflow path can be made uniform.
- the flow rate in each inflow channel located on the downstream side is ensured by lengthening the inflow channel on the downstream side in order to balance the channel loss that increases in the flow direction of the mixing channel. Can do.
- the channel length L to be longer than B is the same as above.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows an embodiment in which the length of each inflow path is suitably changed so that the flow rate is uniform based on the above calculation results.
- each inflow path is constant, and the flow rate of each inflow path can be made uniform by changing the pipe diameter d of each inflow path.
- the following trial calculation was performed.
- FIG. 12 schematically shows an embodiment in which the pipe diameter is adjusted based on the result of the trial calculation.
- the flow rate can be made uniform by various methods other than the adjustment of the length of the inflow path according to the pipe diameter in accordance with the flow path loss of the mixing flow path as described above.
- the following embodiments can be mentioned.
- the mixer of Fig. 13 suitably changes the diameter of the vertical hole communicating with the supply tank and the inflow path, and suppresses the flow pressure in the inflow path located on the downstream side to achieve a uniform flow rate of each inflow path. It is a thing.
- the mixer shown in Fig. 14 is one in which the back pressure of the supply tank is suitably changed and the flow rate in each inflow path is made uniform in the same manner.
- the mixer shown in Fig. 15 is designed to achieve uniform flow by installing various resistors that block the flow of valves and the like in the specified inflow path so that the flow is suppressed toward the inflow path located on the downstream side. Is.
- the mixer in Fig. 16 allows the temperature near each inflow channel to Means for suitably changing is provided.
- the temperature of the inflow channel connected to the downstream part of the mixing channel is set low to increase the temperature of the inflow channel connected to the upstream part of the mixing channel, and the viscosity of the reagent solution flowing in is changed, thereby making the flow rate uniform.
- a shape in which the mixing channel is deepened by directing the downstream side is also effective for uniform flow rate.
- the shape of the mixing flow path is constant, the flow rate of the mixing flow path increases as the reagent solution flows into the mixing flow path and the downstream flow increases, and the flow path loss increases accordingly. Therefore, as in the mixer of FIG. 17, the cross section of the mixing channel is increased in the depth direction (perpendicular to the plane on which the mixing channel and the inflow channel are located) by applying force to each reagent solution. It is possible to reduce the speed increase in the mixing channel without increasing the thickness of the layer. Needless to say, it is preferable to change the mixing flow path so as to increase in the width direction because there is a risk of suppressing mixing due to molecular diffusion by increasing the thickness of each reagent solution layer.
- the flow path loss in the mixing flow path is large, and it is not easy to make the flow rate of each inflow path uniform enough to satisfy the level. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, appropriately adjusting the channel width of the mixing channel is also effective in promoting diffusion mixing.
- the mixer shown in Fig. 18 has a portion where the reagent solution is multilayered (ie, the area where the inflow channel is connected), and increases the width of the mixing channel. This is a mode in which the width of the mixing channel is sharply reduced in minutes.
- each layer is thinned uniformly as the entire reagent solution multilayer becomes thinner in the downstream portion, so that an extremely thin reagent solution layer with a constant width can be obtained relatively easily.
- the width of the mixing channel in the portion where the reagent solution is to be multilayered may be increased according to the inflow of the reagent solution (see FIG. 19).
- a multistage reaction using three or more kinds of reagents can be performed on one plate.
- the present invention may be applied to a part of the reagent mixture.
- reagent solution A and reagent solution B are quickly mixed in one inflow channel, and reaction product stream C generated by the first mixing and reagent solution D in the other inflow channel are mixed. Alternately flow into the mixing channel. Mixing of reagent solution A and reagent solution B is almost complete. Although the reaction is completed immediately with an overall yield, mixing of the reaction product stream C and the reagent solution D is relatively difficult to promote, and in this case, it may be preferable to consider this embodiment.
- the present mixer may perform a multistage reaction on one mixer as described above, but each stage can also be performed on an individual mixer.
- FIG. 21 shows an embodiment in which a plurality of mixers are combined to mix three or more types of reagent solutions.
- the supply tank for supplying the reagent solution to the inflow path through the mixer may be provided in the same layer as the inflow path and the mixing flow path, if structurally possible (see FIG. 22). .
- the mixing flow path portion through which the multilayer flow of the reagent solution flows can be meandered to promote diffusion (see Fig. 23).
- the mixing time can be obtained while keeping the overall size of the mixer small, which is effective in promoting mixing.
- the mixing is promoted by the action of centrifugal force at the bent portion of the mixing channel, it is more effective.
- FIGS. 24 (a) and 24 (b) show a processor applied to a chemical liquid mixing apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 (a) is a cross-sectional view
- FIG. ) Is a cross-sectional view seen from the front.
- This chemical liquid mixing device is configured on a microchip, for example, and includes a processing chamber 10 in which a disk-shaped processing space S is formed, and a pair of introduction flows in which both side forces of the processing chamber 10 are also joined to the central portion thereof.
- the channels 11 and 12 and the outlet channel 13 extending linearly outward in the radial direction are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the processing chamber 10. In this embodiment, four outlet channels 13 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- Central force is an appropriate number of one or more as long as the outward force and radial flow can be formed. be able to.
- the first and second introduction flow passages 11, 12 are formed with first and second reservoirs 14, 15, respectively.
- Micro pump P is provided.
- the micropump P various known principles and types can be adopted as appropriate.
- the first and second reservoirs 14, 15 are not shown! ⁇ ⁇ Connect to liquid source! / Speak.
- the first and second liquids (chemical solutions) from the first and second reservoirs 14, 15 respectively flow into the first and second introduction flow paths 11, 12.
- the liquid that has reached the outer periphery flows out of the processing device through the introduction channel 13.
- FIG. 25 (a) and FIG. 25 (b) are other embodiments of the present invention, and are sectional views as seen from the same axial direction as FIG. 24 (b), respectively.
- FIG. 25 (a) shows that the processing chamber 1OA is formed such that the outer peripheral portion of the processing space S expands in a spiral shape, and the outlet channel 13A extends in the direction of the tangential line at the outermost peripheral portion of the processing space S. Is formed.
- the swirl component can be given to the two liquid flows in the processing chamber 10 to stabilize them.
- efficient mixing using the entire space is performed without forming a dead zone in which liquid does not flow inside the processing space S. Further, the entire space can be reduced by inclining the outlet channel 13A so as to approach the tangential direction.
- Fig. 25 (b) is provided with a plurality of partition members 16 extending in the radial direction so as to partition the processing space S into a spiral shape. Thereby, the spiral flow can be stabilized.
- Figs. 26 (a) to 26 (c) are other embodiments of the present invention.
- Two outlet channels 13B are formed so as to face each other at the outer periphery of the processing space S.
- a plurality of partition members 16 extending in the radial direction are provided so as to partition the processing space S in the processing chamber 10B in a spiral shape.
- the angle ⁇ between the outlet channel 13B and the radial direction is 90 degrees, and the outlet channel 13B and the partition member 16 are inclined in the same direction.
- FIG. 26 (a) as in the case of FIG. Can be made.
- efficient mixing is performed using the entire space in which a dead zone in which liquid does not flow is formed inside the processing space S. Further, the entire space can be reduced by inclining the outlet channel 13B so as to approach the tangential direction.
- FIG. 26 (b) in the configuration of FIG. 26 (a), the partition member 16b is formed to extend to the central portion of the directional force treatment space S in the introduction flow path. In this way, in addition to the above-described operation of FIG. 26 (a), the liquid flowing into the processing space S from the introduction flow paths 11 and 12 is guided to the partition member 16b and flows separately. The situation where the two liquids flow while being unevenly distributed is avoided.
- the partition members 16b may be further extended to the center and connected to each other!
- a second partition member 16c for partitioning the downstream portion is further provided between the partition members 16b extending to the center of the processing space S.
- the angle ⁇ between the outlet channels 13A, 13B and the radial direction in Figs. 25 (a) to 26 (c) is arbitrary from -90 degrees to 90 degrees, and the outlet channels 13A , 13B is also optional.
- the shape, inclination angle, number, etc. of the partition members 16, 16b, 16c can be appropriately set.
- FIG. 27 shows another embodiment of the present invention, which is a processor for reacting three kinds of gases.
- the processing chamber 10C of this embodiment is provided with a dividing plate 17 that divides the processing space S in the thickness direction.
- the dividing plate 17 has a diameter of about 1Z2 that is the diameter of the processing space S.
- the processing space S includes the first space S1 and the second space S2 on both sides of the dividing plate 17, and A third space S3 on the radially outer side of the dividing plate 17 is formed.
- the thickness on the outer side is thinner than the central part, so that the flow path cross-sectional area of the third space S3 is not excessively increased.
- FIG. 27 only the processing space S is shown, and the outer shape of the force processing chamber 10C and the arrangement of the lead-out paths can be any of the types shown in FIGS.
- a plurality of columnar bodies 18 formed of a material containing the first catalyst are The partition plate 17 is fixed to one wall of the processing chamber IOC by this columnar body 18.
- Coaxial first and second introduction flow paths 11C, 12C are connected to the center of the first space S1, and the first and second introduction flow paths 11C are connected to the second space S2.
- the third introduction flow path 12D is also connected to the force opposite to 2C.
- a plurality of columnar bodies 19 formed of a material containing the second catalyst and a plurality of heaters 20 for heating to a desired temperature are arranged.
- the heater 20 has a plate shape extending in the radial direction, and also has a function as the partition member 16 shown in FIG.
- a heater using a heating wire or a heater using a Peltier element can be appropriately employed.
- the thickness 21 is reduced at the portion 21 where the first and second spaces SI, S2 transition to the third space S3, and the flow path cross-sectional area is reduced.
- the flow rate of the gas is increased at the transition portion 21, thereby preventing the heating of the heater 20 from being propagated upstream by heat conduction and preventing the occurrence of a reaction that is preferable on the upstream side.
- the first and second catalysts are selected to promote the reaction performed in each space, and the same or different types of catalysts are appropriately selected.
- the first to third gases of the first to third introduction flow paths 11C, 12C, and 12D flow into the processing space S by a pressure feeding or suction means (not shown).
- the first and second gases are introduced into the central portion of the first space S1, mixed here, and then flow outward.
- the first catalyst contained in the columnar body 18 promotes the first reaction between the first and second gases, and as a result, a gaseous intermediate is generated.
- This intermediate gas flows out to the transition section 21, joins and mixes with the third gas flowing through the second space S2, and further flows outward through the third space. .
- the mixed gas is heated by the heater 20 in the third space S3 to produce a final product by the second reaction caused by the action of the second catalyst, which is discharged from the outlet channel 13B.
- Figs. 28 (a) to 28 (d) show another embodiment of the present invention, which is a liquid mixing apparatus as in Figs. These figures are the same cross-sectional views as FIG. 24 (a), and the reservoir and micropump are omitted.
- the disc-shaped second processing is also performed downstream of the disc-shaped first processing space S11 as shown in Fig. 24 (a).
- Space S12 is provided.
- the second processing space S12 communicates with the first processing space S via a communication channel 22 on the outer periphery of the first processing space S11.
- the communication flow path 22 is provided so as to communicate with the entire circumference.
- the communication flow path 22 may be provided at a predetermined position in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. 24 or the discharge flow path 13B shown in FIG. Good.
- partition members 16, 16b, 16c as shown in these drawings may be arranged.
- the second processing space S12 is an annular space provided on the second introduction channel 12E side so as to surround it.
- An annular outlet channel 13E extending in the axial direction is provided on the inner end side of the second processing space S12.
- the first liquid and the second liquid are introduced into the central portion of the first processing space S11 and flow outward in the radial direction.
- it is further introduced into the second processing space S12 from the communication channel 22, flows radially inward, and flows out from the inner end through the outlet channel 13E.
- FIG. 28 (b) shows a mixing apparatus according to another embodiment, in which two introduction flow paths 11F and 12F are formed on the same side of the processing chamber 10F. Therefore, the first processing space S21 and the second processing space S22 can be formed by the dividing plate 23.
- the outlet channel 13F can be provided on the axis, the structure is further simplified.
- a larger number of processing spaces S11 to S15 are provided in an overlapping manner via communication channels 22a to 22d.
- FIG. 28 (d) a larger number of processing spaces S21 to S24 are provided so as to overlap each other via the connecting flow path 25 on the axis. As a result, a longer processing time can be obtained. Needless to say.
- FIG. 29 shows another embodiment of the present invention, which is a liquid reaction processor.
- the structure of the processing room 10C is basically the same as that shown in FIGS. 24 to 26, and may be applied to the embodiments shown in FIGS.
- a pressure sensor 28, a flow rate sensor 29, a pH sensor 30, a concentration sensor 31, and a temperature sensor 32 are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction in the processing chamber 1 OJ.
- These sensors measure the physical or chemical characteristic values of the fluid in the processing space S, and the information is input to a control device (not shown). Based on this information, the control device operates various adjustment means of the liquid feeding system and the tempering system on the upstream side of each introduction channel 11J, 12J, and reacts so that a desired state can be obtained. To control.
- examples of the pressure sensor include a strain gauge type, a piezoresistance effect, and a capacitance type
- examples of the flow rate sensor include a pitot tube type, a hot wire type, an optical type, an electromagnetic type, and the like.
- glass electrode type and ISFET electrode type as pH sensors, and ion sensors and biosensors as concentration sensors.
- any of a thermocouple, a resistance temperature detector, a thermistor, etc. may be used as the temperature sensor. Note that the sensor type and mounting position are not limited to these.
- FIG. 30 shows still another embodiment of the present invention, which is a liquid mixing apparatus.
- the two introduction flow paths 11K and 12K are provided in parallel with the processing space S, and open to the processing space S through the bent portion 33 and the bent portion 34, respectively.
- the mixing and reaction apparatus of the present invention can be configured in a more planar manner, and can be easily incorporated into a chip-like microfluidic device.
- FIG. 31 shows an embodiment in which the processing device of the present invention is used in a microchannel.
- FIG. 31 shows an example of a flow path in which an ionic reaction occurs
- FIG. 31 (a) shows a circular pipe flow path having an inner diameter of 1 mm according to the conventional method. If 0.5 ml / min of chemical solution is introduced here and the circular channel is allowed to flow until the reaction time of 60 seconds elapses, a circular tube length of approximately 63 cm is required.
- Figure 31 (b) shows the processor of the present invention.
- a disc-shaped processing space S having an inner diameter of 1 mm in the thickness direction is formed in the barber 10L, and an introduction flow path 11L having an inner diameter of 1 mm is connected to the center thereof.
- the reaction apparatus can be miniaturized by using the processing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 (c) shows still another embodiment of the processor of the present invention.
- the thickness of the disk-shaped processing space S is increased as the force is increased outward in the radial direction. Is.
- the radius of the disk can be further reduced.
- micro-chemical reactions often use channels with dimensions of approximately lmm or less, but if the outer periphery of the processing space S is expanded to 3mm as shown in the figure, the radius of the disk is about 9mm. As a result, the area of the apparatus can be further reduced.
- FIG. 32 is an example of a flow channel for mixing two types of chemical solutions.
- the central portion of the disc-shaped processing space S having a thickness of 10 (m is connected to the introduction channels 11N and 12N having an inner diameter of 100 (m from the direction facing each other.
- Fig. 32 (b) shows a conventional method, in which the inlet channels 43 and 44 with an inner diameter of 100 (m are connected to the straight pipe channel 45 with an inner diameter of 10 (m. Generally, to promote diffusion.
- FIG. 33 shows an embodiment used in a large polystyrene polymerization reactor.
- a non-catalytic 'thermally initiated polymerization reaction if reacted at 160 ° C for 3 hours, about 90% of the styrene is converted to polystyrene.
- 160 ° C styrene Has a specific gravity of about 0.78 g / cm 3 , so the inlet volume flow is 25.6 m 3 / h.
- the reaction order of this reaction is assumed to be 1, and the calculation is approximate, and the change in the specific gravity of the solution due to the progress of the reaction is not considered.
- the plug flow type for example, a conventional straight tube having a diameter of 2 m X length of 24.4 m (Fig. 33 (a)), and in the complete mixing tank type, a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 7 m X length of 7.8 m (Fig.
- the volume is the same as that of the plug flow type, and in the single stage, as shown in FIG.
- the multistage (two stages) has two stages of treatment space S with a diameter of 5m x thickness of 2m, both of which are extremely smaller than the complete mixing tank type. More area than tubular plug flow There configuration is possible.
- FIG. 34 shows another embodiment of the present invention and is an example of an air cleaner for removing toluene, which is a harmful substance in the atmosphere.
- the processing chamber 10P of this embodiment only one introduction flow path 11 is provided, and a fan 47 with an electric motor is arranged on this.
- One wall 50 of the disk-shaped processing space S is made of a transparent material so that sunlight 54 enters the processing space S.
- a heater 51 is provided on the inner side, an acid titanium layer 52 as a photocatalyst is formed in the middle part, and a cooler 53 is provided on the outer part.
- the air containing toluene taken in by the motor-equipped fan 47 is sent into the processing space S and flows outward.
- the heater 51 is preheated to a temperature suitable for the chemical reaction, and in the intermediate part, toluene is decomposed into water and carbon dioxide by the action of sunlight 54 and the catalyst, that is, photocatalytic reaction.
- it is cooled to an appropriate temperature by the cooler 53 in the outer portion, and is discharged from the outlet channel 13B to the atmosphere.
- sunlight is used, but a dedicated lamp may be used.
- the wall surface 50 is changed to a light-reflective material, and the wall 50 is directly labeled on the inner side facing the processing space S.
- An amplifier may be attached.
- FIGS. 24 to 28 an appropriate configuration shown in FIGS. 24 to 28 can be adopted.
- FIG. 35 shows another embodiment of the present invention, which is a mixing device that mixes two fluids that are difficult to mix.
- the ultrasonic oscillation elements 56 are installed evenly in the circumferential direction of the processing space S.
- an appropriate configuration shown in FIGS. 25 to 26 can be adopted.
- the ultrasonic oscillation element 56 is installed in the processing chamber 10Q, and the two fluids inside the processing space S are irradiated with ultrasonic waves, so that mixing is promoted even in fluids that are difficult to mix, such as water and oil.
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Abstract
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JP2009536570A (ja) * | 2006-05-11 | 2009-10-15 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 高処理量の熱強化マイクロリアクタデバイスおよび方法 |
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JP2019506286A (ja) * | 2015-12-17 | 2019-03-07 | ユニベルシテ ドゥ ナント | 二つの不混和性液体の連続エマルションを行うデバイスおよび方法 |
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