WO2006027162A1

WO2006027162A1 - Arrangement for a prefabricated structure with a skeletal construction

Info

Publication number: WO2006027162A1
Application number: PCT/EP2005/009434
Authority: WO
Inventors: Benjamin Wernike
Original assignee: Benjamin Wernike
Priority date: 2004-09-06
Filing date: 2005-09-01
Publication date: 2006-03-16
Also published as: WO2006027162A8; DE102004042905A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement for a prefabricated structure with a skeletal construction. This arrangement is characterized by an assembly, which is adapted to a given building cubature in the form of a network structure (10), of modularly constructed shape-variable junction points (20), which are made of base elements and connected to one another and/or braced. In one embodiment, the base bodies of the shape-variable junction point (20) consist of: a first central spherical body (30) provided for each junction point; a number of compression rods (40), which rest against the first spherical body in an essentially longitudinal direction while radiating therefrom and which connect the first spherical body to an adjacent spherical body, and of; an arrangement of tensioning parts (50) that press the compression rods against the first and/or adjacent spherical bodies. These base bodies form a network structure that is covered by lining/covering elements.

Description

4

Arrangement for a prefabricated construction in skeleton construction

description

The invention relates to an arrangement for a finished construction in skeleton construction according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such constructions are a known state of the art and are used in exhibition construction, temporary housing, technical equipment or in the advertising sector. In the skeleton construction, a detachable or non-detachable framework construction is produced using mostly rod-shaped framework elements in combination with connecting elements, such as plug-in and fastening modules. The construction thus constructed is rigid and can by fairing and / or

Cover elements are completed. As a result, for example, larger glass facades for modern architectures, prefabricated buildings or racks, in particular in exhibition construction, can be manufactured. The skeleton construction allows large bright window fronts with a material-saving, yet static very stable construction.

However, the conventional embodiments of such prefabricated constructions according to the prior art have some serious disadvantages. In general, the elements connected in the skeletal structure are rigidly connected to each other and have only a limited predetermined number of connection possibilities. These specify in particular the extent of the entire skeletal structure, the mutual angular positions of the struts or the frame-forming elements and the number of interconnectable elements and thus limit the design possibilities. This is a limitation of the realizable with a special design contours, in particular the possible building shapes, accompanied. For this reason, a changed architectural design necessitates a sometimes completely new conception of the elements used in the skeletal construction, and accordingly involves a considerable amount of planning and production effort. Starting with the planning and construction of the basic elements of the skeleton and the structural analysis of the planned construction up to the actual assembly of the elements on the construction site, different structures have to be partially fully equipped. come from different planning and operations are executed. It is clear that this involves considerable costs which prevent a comprehensive use of this technology, which in itself is very useful in many respects. Skeleton constructions are either inexpensive under the current conditions, but not very handsome and clumsy, or elegant and very effective, but also very constructive and very costly.

Thus, in view of the above-mentioned problems, it is the object to provide an arrangement for a prefabricated construction in skeleton construction, which avoids the problems mentioned and in particular a cost-effective, flexibly usable, i. rich in shape and in their planning and construction simple application or construction.

The object is achieved with a prefabricated construction in skeleton construction with the features of claim 1, wherein the subclaims contain at least expedient or advantageous embodiments of the main claim.

According to the invention, the prefabricated construction in a skeleton construction is characterized in that a dressing adapted to a given building cubature in the form of a network construction is provided with interconnected and / or braced, modularly constructed, form-variable junctions.

The skeleton construction according to the invention is accordingly characterized in that a limited number of fewer basic elements are combined to form nodes whose geometric shape can be changed in any desired manner and which can thereby be adapted to any required contour. The required stability of the construction is achieved by a connection of the basic elements and / or their bracing. Thus, a system for a prefabricated construction in skeleton construction is given, which can be planned with a few basic elements, in conjunction with it opens up a large area of application and is therefore inexpensive to plan or to build. The following parts are provided as basic elements. For each node, a central spherical body is arranged, wherein a plurality of substantially radically longitudinally seated on the first spherical body and the first spherical body, each with an adjacent spherical body connecting pressure rods are provided. An arrangement pressing the pressure rods on the first and / or second adjacent ball body, the tension cables stabili¬ siert the given arrangement of ball body and pressure bars and forms in conjunction with adjacent spherical bodies and pressure bars a stable network construction.

For a better connection between the respective pressure rod and the spherical body, at least one support cone placed on the pressure rod at one end and adapted to the surface of the ball body is provided. The respective pressure rod end thus connects to the spherical body pressing and is with the spherical body only by the exciting effect of the tension cables, i. fastened in particular without additional fasteners, such as screws, bolts and the like. The pressure rod can therefore in principle come in contact with the ball body at any desired point, the mutual position of further pressure rods in principle being able to be performed arbitrarily with respect to one another, and thus the node formed thereby receives a variable geometric shape.

As a point of attack the traction ropes a per pressure rod arranged ring-like Zugseilaufnahme is provided. The traction cables can thus attack with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pressure rod in principle any direction and be connected to adjacent pressure bars. This gives the overall construction additional additional freedom of connection and can be stabilized as much as desired,

On optional pressure bars, a support and Befestigungsvorrich¬ device for cladding and cover elements may be provided. Thereby, the skeleton construction according to the invention can e.g. Roof or ceiling elements or similar, even functionally active elements, such as collector devices record and carry.

For structural-technical monitoring or for future planning purposes, the main elements of the nodes may contain, in particular, be provided over the entire network construction distributed measuring devices for static parameters. This makes it possible to monitor a given network construction in terms of their static properties or to save as a model of further planning as a model.

In a method for constructing a previously mentioned arrangement, a virtual design and planning model is created in advance and / or assigned to a data processing device for the network construction. In the process, the virtual design and planning model is assembled from the virtual construction modules assigned to shape-variable nodes. On the basis of this design and planning model, data for presentation, automation and structural calculation programs are generated, and a set of production tables is assigned to the design and planning model. As a result, it is possible to pre-plan the net structure in detail with regard to its shape, the necessary basic elements, the existing statics and the production steps to be carried out.

In particular, the virtual design and planning model can be shaped in the form of a virtual texture onto a design geometry in the form of a virtually given building curvature and in its. Shape to be adapted. The design and planning model is thus a virtual "reference" over a given "filling" pulled, in conjunction with which the inner location-dependent node structure of the subsequent network design are calculated.

The production tables are linked with the parameters of the design and planning model and continuously updated in the event of changes to the design and planning model. Thus, in particular in the case of an extension or a change to the shape of the model, for example, the number of necessary nodes can be recalculated and the number of basic elements necessary for this can be changed. This design allows intuitive changes to the design and planning model, without having to go through the entire planning process of manufacturing technology in this planning. The creation and / or assignment of the design and planning model are expediently components of a CAD design development environment, the CAD design development environment in particular having a database with a component library for the nodes of the network construction. This will also for the

Process of planning and development of the design model virtually resorted to the modular structure of the individual nodes.

The skeleton construction according to the invention or fundamental process steps for the construction and planning of the arrangement will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. FIGS. 1 to 10 serve to illustrate the situation. The same reference numerals are used for identical or identically acting parts.

It shows:

1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the skeleton construction according to the invention in a front view,

2 shows the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in a side view,

3 is an illustration of a decomposed into its exemplary basic elements node,

4 shows the basic elements shown in FIG. 3 and connected to an exemplary node, FIG.

4b shows another exemplary form of a node,

5a an exemplary Aufsetzkegel according to one of the figures 1 to 3,

5b cone in frictional contact with a spherical body,

5c is a broken down into their parts exemplary Zugseilaufnahme,

5d an exemplary point holder disassembled into its individual parts, 5e an exemplary fragmented claw,

Fig. 6 is a detail view of a Zugseilaufnahme with exemplary Zugseilverläufen,

Fig. FIG. 7a shows an exemplary fastening device for cover elements in a disassembled view, FIG.

Fig. 7b shows the fastening device shown in FIG. 7a in the assembled state,

8 shows a detailed view of an exemplary foundation attachment of the skeleton construction,

9 shows an exemplary representation of a virtual planning and construction model on the basis of parametric detailed constructions,

10 shows an exemplary representation of a virtual building cubature with a virtual texture drawn over it in the form of a texture

Planning and design model,

11 is an enlarged view of a virtual building cubature in

Form of a grid with a grid-filling virtual mesh construction,

12 an embodiment with membrane fields,

13 is an exploded view of the embodiment of FIG. 12,

14 is a detailed view of a single membrane field,

Fig. 15 is an illustration of the stiffening structure of FIG. 12 to

14, but without membrane;

16 shows representations of stiffening parts and ball joint, wherein the ball 17 and consists of two halves, Fig. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 16, but with a solid sphere,

FIG. 19 shows an exemplary embodiment of a field with a cross-shaped cable tension and membrane; FIG.

Fig. 20 is a detail of the holder according to the embodiment of FIG. 19,

Fig. 21 examples of the segmentation of the connecting rods with up to 23 different design of the tendon and elements for attaching the cables or rings according to the preceding embodiments,

Fig. FIG. 24 shows an embodiment variant of the freeform system with tension rods, wherein two spaced-apart holders are provided for each tension rod, FIG.

Fig. 25 shows an embodiment similar to FIG. 24, however, the vor¬ seen outer membranes absorb tensile forces and external tension rods can be omitted,

Fig. 26 is a node view with tie rods without membranes,

Fig. 27 shows an exploded isometric view of the connections for the tension rods,

Fig. 28 shows an embodiment of the segmentation of the clamping elements for the tension rod variant according to FIG. 27, whereby the ability to adjust makes it possible to mount the knots easily and to disassemble them just as easily,

Fig. FIG. 29 shows an exemplary embodiment with traction ropes running around the respective node, wherein the traction ropes pass through the pressure rods at the points shown, FIG.

FIG. 30 is an exploded isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 29; FIG. Fig. 31 is a connection of the membrane to a construction according to and FIGS. 29 and 30, by means of two nuts on a

Bolt as an extension of a cap as well as with recognizable training of the continuous traction cables,

33 is an illustration of a detail of a complete construction using the elements of FIG. 30;

34 is a side view of the construction of FIG. 33,

Fig. 35 shows a further development of the construction according to FIG. 33 for

Removal of heavier loads, whereby horizontal tensile forces are absorbed by additional ropes,

36 is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 35,

37 is an enlarged view of the embodiment of FIG. 33,

Fig. 38 is a view similar to FIG. 37 with exploded detail of the node connection means with the possibility of fine adjustment via a connector which has an opposite thread and which is actuated by a hexagon by means of commercial tool and

FIG. 39 shows an exploded view of the ball detail with frustoconical receiving parts fastened opposite one another in a materially cohesive manner. FIG.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary skeleton construction according to the invention in the form of a net structure 10 made up of a total of interconnected nodal points 20 which correspond to a given building cubature, ie. a curved spatial contour is adjusted. The nodes 20 here consist of basic elements described in more detail below and have a shape-variable geometry. In this embodiment, this means that the basic elements of the nodes or the connections between the nodes to each other can assume arbitrary angular positions and are not set from the outset to predetermined directions or angles, as will be explained in more detail below. FIG. 2 shows the network construction shown in FIG. 1 in an exemplary side view. The nodes 20 form a plane E of the net construction with an exemplary inner side I and an outer side A, wherein the outer side and possibly also the inner side I can be lined with covering elements 100. In principle, it is possible to form and connect several levels E of the network construction, whereby the stability of the overall construction is increased. In the following, for reasons of better clarity, a network construction with only one plane is assumed to be node points 20.

The smaller representation in FIG. 2 shows exemplary force directions F in the exemplary network construction. The mesh construction has an internal triangular structure. This prevents parallel shifts of the individual components. Their force parallelograms are directed so that the externally acting forces, in particular tension or Gewichts¬ forces, are derived in the interior of the structure or in a foundation or a ander¬ wide carrier. The form of the network construction remains intact.

The constructive basic unit of the network construction is formed by the aforementioned variable-shape node 20. FIG. 3 shows, in conjunction with FIG. 4, an exemplary embodiment of the node in a disassembled or assembled representation. The central component of the node is formed by a spherical body 30 in the embodiment shown here. This can be designed as a simple hollow or solid sphere, wherein further superficial Ausfor¬ rules, such as threaded or sockets, bolts and der¬ same devices for attaching fasteners or Steckele- elements may be provided in individual cases, but in principle completely omitted if the node has a substantially convex shape.

4b shows an exemplary node in a concave design in which not only pressure but also tensile forces can be transmitted between the pressure rods and the spherical body. The ball body 30 is connected in this case by a number of non-positively connected, especially welded, soldered or glued, 30a cone supplements.

In the convex embodiment of the nodal point shown in FIG. 4, a row of pressure rods 40 are directed radially on the spherical body 30 in their longitudinal axis. These sit on their front sides on its surface so that the forces acting in the longitudinal direction of the pressure rods forces are derived centrally on the spherical body 30. In this case, a plurality of pressure rods form an inherently abutment for the pressure forces which occur, with the spherical body 30 forming a firm point of application for these forces. Therefore, in this embodiment, the pressure rods can be positively seated without fastening elements on the ball body, whereby the greatest possible simplicity in conjunction with a low-detail disassembly of the entire construction is achieved. The pressure rods have in the Ausführungs¬ examples shown here on a substantially cylindrical shape. However, it is obvious that any cross-sectional profile which is sufficiently resistant to bending or buckling, in particular an X or a double T-profile, can also be used.

The pressure rods 40 are fixed in position by a plurality of tension cables 50 and stabilized. These attack in this embodiment in an annular manner around the longitudinal axis of the respective pressure rod guided Zugseilaufnahmen 70 and brace the arrangement of pressure rods 40 and central ball body 30. For effective force transmission or storage between the pressure rod and spherical body, the pressure rods on their Stirn¬ pages Aufsetzkegel 60th on, prevent lateral slippage of the push rod from its orientation and center the respective push rod in the radial direction.

The convex node 20 illustrated in FIG. 3 in this example is shown in an assembled state in FIG. The figure shows the central spherical body 30 with the positively seated on this pressure rods 40 and the pressure rods in their position fixing traction cables 50 which are passed through the Zugseilaufnahmen 70. The in the figure outwardly facing ends of the push rods 40 have the aforementioned Aufsetzkegel 60 and stand over them each with adjacent spherical bodies 30 in positive contact. The traction cables 50 shown in FIG. 4 are passed through the traction cable sheaves adjacent pressure bars, which are not shown in the figure and belong to adjacent junctions, and thus clamp the basic unit of the network construction with adjacent junctions shown in the FIGURE. As a result, the network construction is built up periodically consecutively. The global shape of the network construction, in particular its curvature and its contour is determined by the mutual angular position of the pressure rods on each individual spherical body of the respective nodes 20. In this case, the spherical shape of the spherical body allows an arbitrary and only by static requirements limited angular position of the pressure rods with each other, wherein the tension cables 50 clamp the given contour. Both by the tensile forces acting in the tension cables, as well as by the compressive forces acting on the ball bodies via the pressure rods and the thereby produced abutment function of the ball bodies, the entire arrangement is stabilized in itself without further fastening means. For fine adjustment of the angular position of the pressure rods 40 and a regulation of the tensile forces acting within the traction ropes 50, these each have at least one tendon 51, which expediently has a hexagonal, rotatable outer form detectable by a wrench or similar tool.

Figures 5a to 5e show some of the basic elements described above in a series of individual views. In Fig. 5a, an exemplary embodiment of the aforementioned Aufsetzkegels 60 is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the Aufsetzkegel a flattened or concave tip 65, whose radius of curvature corresponds to the radius of the surface of the central spherical body 30. The tip 65, or else the entire Aufsetzkegel 60 may be formed of an elastic, but sufficiently strong, in particular compressible in the longitudinal direction of the compression bars material. In this case, the tip 65 adapts to the surface of the spherical body under the impression of the force acting on the pressure rod. Thus, on the one hand, the position of the respective pressure rod can be finely adjusted in its longitudinal direction to a limited extent. On the other hand, a friction which stabilizes the position of the pressure rod and centering of the pressure rod is caused by the tip which adapts to the spherical surface. FIG. 5b shows an exemplary spherical body 30 with a cone 30a which has been frictionally supplemented and has been mentioned in connection with FIG. 4b. In extremely acute, ie very concave configurations of the node caused by the concave position of the traction cables 50 in one or more pressure rods 40 tensile forces, which are then abge¬ via the frictional Ver¬ connection between the spherical body 30 and cone 30a in an abutment.

The already mentioned pull cable receptacle 70 is exemplified abge¬ in Fig. 5c. The exemplary embodiment illustrated here comprises two clamping rings 71, which surround a central clamping cylinder 72 arranged on the pressure rod 40 and are connected to one another by means of fastening elements 73, in particular screws or screw bolts. For connecting the clamps but also a rotating steel band or a comparable clamping device is conceivable that braces the clamps with each other and with the push rod. The tension cable 50 guided between the clamp and the clamping cylinder is thereby clamped between the clamping cylinder and the clamp and thus fixed in its position, in particular at its point of application.

FIG. 5 d shows individual parts for a point holder 80 for a mounting possibility of a cover element described below. The point holder consists of a threaded ring 81, which is pushed over a point cone 82 with a hinge receptacle 82a for a retaining pin. The point cone 82 is again placed on a point disk 83. A thermal insulation disc 84 is located under the point disc 83 and prevents the formation of a thermal bridge between the cover member 100 and the point disc 83 and the skeleton construction.

FIG. 5 e shows a claw 90 in conjunction with nuts 91 which, in combination with the point holder shown in FIG. 5 d, make it possible to fasten the cover element to the network construction.

FIG. 6 illustrates, in a detailed representation, exemplary adjustment possibilities for one or more pull ropes 70 in the pull cable receiver 70 described in FIG. 5c. It can be seen from FIG fixed position of the traction cable precise variations of the point of the traction cable within the Zugseilaufnahme, in particular the Klemm¬ clamp, can be made. For this purpose, the fastening elements of the clamps are loosened, the tensioning cable guided is moved and adjusted, the fastening elements are then retracted again and the tensioning cable is thus clamped again in its new position. The traction cables allow a fine adjustment in the range of a few centimeters to millimeters. As is apparent from the illustration in Fig. 6, a plurality of traction cables 50 can be attached in a Zugseilaufnahme. The Zugseilaufnahme thus forms a central point of attack and Stabilisierungs¬ for the tensile forces exerted by several traction cables.

FIGS. 7a and 7b show an exemplary attachment option for a trim and / or cover element 100 using the elements shown in FIGS. 5d and 5e. The cladding and Abdeck¬ element may be a wall element, a roof element, but also a collector device for generating electrical energy or heat energy, a heating or cooling element and the like Funktions¬ element, with which the skeleton construction is disguised as required. The rectangular shape of the trim / cover element 100 shown in the figures is exemplary and, if necessary, can be replaced by an arbitrarily shaped, in particular arbitrarily polygonal, shape. Weiter¬ can be used as trim / cover elements and functional Bau¬ groups, especially complete prefabricated windows or doors with frames, hatches and other function openings, for example, for fans or similar assemblies, may be provided.

At appropriate attachment points of the trim / Abdeckelementes 100 is first ever a point holder 80 is fixed by a respective dot-disc 83 is locked in place. Between the covering / covering element 100 and the point disk 83, a thermal separating disk 84 is inserted. This may in particular be made of neoprene or a comparable thermal insulation material. Depending on the specific design of the covering / covering element 100, the point disk 83 can be fastened, for example with fastening elements, in particular screws, bolts and the like, at the points provided for this purpose. The dot wheels 83 can also be connected by means of adhesive bonds with the trim / cover 100. Fasteners are particularly advantageous for heavy trim / cover elements, such as collectors, heaters, fans, and the like, while glued joints may be used for predominantly lightweight glass or plastic covers.

The point cone 82 is placed on the point disk and fastened either rigidly or rotatably using the threaded ring 81 on the point disk 83. In the joint receptacle 82a of the point cone 82, a retaining pin 92 is then laterally inserted with ball joint 92a and engaged in the joint receptacle 82a. The retaining pin 92 is thus movably mounted in the point cone, the joint receptacle 82a and the joint ball 92a forming an at least in an angular plane adjustable joint. If the connection between point disk 83 and point cone 82 is likewise adjustable, in particular rotatable about the common longitudinal axis of the point cylinder 83 and the point cone 82, the holding pin 92 can assume any angular positions within a given sector and thus be adjusted as desired.

The retaining pin 92 serves to receive the claw 90 shown in Fig. 5e, which is mounted and locked on the retaining pin using the nuts 91. The claw 90 connects the retaining pin 92 with the point holder 80 and thus with the trim / cover 100 on the one hand and a Zugseilaufnahme 70 on an adjacent push rod 40 on the other hand, as shown in Fig. 8.

8 shows the network construction constructed on the basis of the previously described node points 20 in conjunction with cladding / cover elements 100 mounted on this network construction. The FIGURE shows, inter alia, a plurality of already mounted spherical bodies 30, pressure rods 40, traction cables 50, attachment cones 60 and Zugseilaufnahmen 70. The claw 90 is used in this figure in a corresponding Zugseilaufnahme and anchored in this. For this purpose, the claw 90 is first applied with its outer side to the clamping cylinder in the interior of the Zugseilaufnahme and pressed by means of the already mentioned and placed around the claw around the outside and connected clamps to the clamping cylinder. The one with As described, the pressure rod connected to this pull cable receptacle is pressed by the corresponding pull cables onto a spherical body within the network construction. In addition to the traction cables 50 and the claws 90, other spacers, in particular sections formed, sectorally the clamping cylinder encompassing discs can be inserted between the clamps 71 and the clamping cylinder 72 to at a very one-sided load the Zugseilaufnahme an all-round uniform distance between clamping cylinder 72 and Secure clamp 71.

FIG. 8 additionally shows an exemplary foundation anchoring of the network construction. The foundation anchoring consists in this embodiment of varied embodiments of the Zugseilaufnahme or the ball body. The varied Zugseilaufnahme is formed in this embodiment in the form of a half-ring 70a and connected on a flat side with the foundation. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the half-ring, in addition to a pull rope 50, also receives a previously described claw 90 and thus also serves to anchor a trim / cover element 100.

The modified embodiment of the ball body consists of a hemisphere 30b with a plane fixed to the base bottom. It serves as the ball body described above as an abutment and anchorage for a push rod 40 on the foundation.

The network construction thus consists of a limited assortment of standardized and modular components. In this case, the previously described connection and adjustment possibilities ensure a wide range of shape designs. The size of the individual components can in principle be arbitrary and depends on the respective conditions of use. Appropriately, use-specific assortment sets can be provided from each matched components.

The entire construction can be dismantled easily and can be easily rebuilt at another location. The basic elements can be produced inexpensively in series. Profiles and traction ropes are merely cut to the required length. Level. Building materials that are to serve as cladding are in the appropriate cut polygonal shape. If necessary, walls and ceilings or parts thereof can be prefabricated from the factory in transportable sizes and transported in the folded state.

For insulation, the skeletal structure can be filled with a bed. In addition, especially recyclable materials, such as waste paper are used. The trim / cover elements 100 may optionally contain lighting devices behind an enclosure for an interior or exterior lighting. The space-saving foundation design reduces the floor seal to a minimum.

The construction described can be used in home, office, industrial and trade fair construction, as well as in temporary buildings, such as refugee camps or as part of a modeling landscaping in recreational areas or amusement parks. Furthermore, sculptural works of art as well as advertising displays can be manufactured. Suitable materials for the individual parts of the constructions described above are, above all, sufficiently tensile or pressure-resistant and sufficiently tough materials.

Expediently, use is made of steel materials or light metal alloys, in particular profiles or ropes made of such materials. If necessary, plastics, but also wood-based materials or fibers can be used for only lightly loaded constructions.

Since the basic elements needed in each case are taken from an assortment of standardized components known in their dimensions and limited in their diversity and assembled according to a precisely defined pattern, the planning of a network construction for a given cubature of a building to be constructed or another Form greatly simplified. This will be explained in more detail below by way of example.

Fig. 9 shows by way of a simple example, that is to say. on the basis of a roof or wall construction with a parabolic or cylindrical cubature, a simulated network construction, wherein the above-described node points or their individual parts, connections and the one to be attached Cover elements can be seen. The nodes or their elements contained in the simulated mesh construction form parametric detailed constructions, which are lined up and laid like a texture over a given virtual cubature. The design geometry can in this context be imported from any development environment. The parametric detail designs already contain idealizations and routines for determining static characteristics and other properties for all subsequent design phases. The associated data can be read out and passed on to presentation, automation and FEM programs for statics calculation. Since the parametric detailed constructions, ie the nodal points, have a precisely defined structure from the given individual parts, in particular the number and length of the compression bars or the tension cables, it is possible to have both the structure of each detail construction within the global shape of the texture To calculate the network design and also to determine static parameters, such as compressive and tensile forces within each parametric detailed design. Likewise, a production planning or at least a parts list is created either for a partial area of the planned construction or for the entire construction in a simple manner. The detailed constructions thus form elementary building blocks of which the virtual network construction is based.

The virtual network design can be extended to a virtual design and planning model. The virtual design and planning model includes not only the virtual network construction but also the organizational and planning aids associated with the future fabrication of the skeleton construction, in particular production plans, parts lists, cost plans or production tables in the form of database structures.

For particularly simple or standardized cubatures, for example a flat building façade or a semicylindrical archway with uniquely known and fixed dimensions, not only the virtual network construction in connection with the virtual design and planning model is automatically created. Based on the parametric detailed constructions, ie the virtual nodes in the model, The virtual design and planning model automatically generates production plans, parts lists, cost plans, technological production tables and other information as a complete solution. As a result, after a one-off planning to be carried out a "mass production" of certain building cubes, that is a store complete design and

Planning models in a database and the realization of an existing complete system possible.

Alternatively, however, an "intuitive" planning process is possible, in which the dimensions of the network construction or of the entire skeleton system are created only during the course of the planning process, in particular by manipulations on the virtual network construction or on the construction and planning model In this case, for example, a basic cubature, for example a semi-cylindrical building, is assumed and this form is progressively changed, for example by adding adjoining rooms, changing the entire form of the building or the statics of the building Creating the technological Fertigungs¬ linked documents by the previously mentioned production tables are updated almost continuously in the background.

In Fig. 10 a related example is shown pictorially. The figure shows a virtually generated building cubature with a virtual net construction which has been "pulled over" as a texture over the cubature As can be seen from the figure, the starting shape of the cubature is a semicylindrical archway which is formed by several deformations In principle, two approaches can be used for planning the network construction corresponding to this cubature.

In a first approach, the semi-cylindrical volume is covered with a virtual texture from a virtual mesh construction. For this purpose, according to the previous statements, a previously stored design and planning model can be used. Subsequently, the cubature is virtually deformed. In the case of the cubature shown in the figure, this happens, for example, in such a way that initially the longitudinal axis of the original cylindrical shape has a certain radius of curvature is curved. As a result, the texture resting on the cubature is distorted, whereby the nodal points of the texture are virtually deformed as parametric detail constructions and, if necessary, new nodes are inserted.

In this first change in cubature, in particular, the positions of the above-described foundation anchors, the positions of the point attachments of the cover elements on the net structure and the shapes of the cover elements are recalculated. Concomitant changes in the production tables or the unit or cost lists are determined and stored. In a next step, the thus deformed cubature is cut out in places, wherein the recognizable in the figure structure is made of columns or lateral arches. In this step, all nodes in the cut-out areas are removed and the positions of the foundation anchors are redetermined. This is accompanied by a reduction in the number of nodes and a corresponding reduction of the necessary individual parts, which is taken into account in the production lists. At the same time, the shapes, sizes and numbers of the cover elements or point fasteners are redetermined and stored accordingly.

The designer thus proceeds from a known or given form in this process and intuitively modifies it, while at the same time creating a design in a CAD-like process, an architectural form, and a technological manufacturing plan.

In another, likewise possible procedure, the building cubature is first created in detail and then covered with a texture from a virtual network construction. For this purpose, the cubature is broken down into individual surface elements, wherein each surface element substantially corresponds in its size to the extensions of the nodal points, that is to say in particular to the pressure rods arranged around the respective spherical body and pointing outwards. In this filling of the virtual surface elements, a virtual spherical body is expediently first placed on any position of the surface element, in particular in its middle or edge, and then virtual pressure rods are placed between the spherical bodies. Finally, the Traction cables inserted between these objects, in particular the pressure bars. For the network construction thus formed, the position of each item can be determined accurately and in a series of

Design drawings are issued. With this procedure, the cubature is first designed and then textured and thus converted into a network construction.

Fig. 11 shows a related example. The cubature is formed in this representation as a virtual three-dimensional grid R whose lines delimit a certain number of cells Z. The size of the cells corresponds to the dimensions of the individual virtual nodes KP contained in the virtual network construction NK. These nodes form to a certain extent the "elementary cells" of the network construction NK, while the cells Z of the grid R describe the places or areas to be occupied, into which the building cubature must be divided, so that the virtual network construction fill this cubature and to this As can be seen from the figure, the virtual network construction NK follows this grid, whereby the number of basic elements required for each node KP, ie spherical bodies, pressure bars, etc., and the angular positions of the respective basic elements, as well as the dimensions of the cladding / Starting from the raster R of the cubature, each individual node can then be uniquely identified, thus addressed and recorded in a production table or other production planning.

According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 12, two fields of the prefabricated construction arrangement are shown in an embodiment with membranes 1. The areas for the guy guards are reduced here, so that easier assembly in the area of the nodes is given.

The membranes are attached to tips 2 by screwing (see also Figs. 30 to 32).

The bracing of the membranes 1 via tendons 3, wherein the ropes 4 special holder 5 go through. The fields formed by the membranes may have a different number of cores.

Fig. 13 shows an exploded view of the arrangement according to Fig. 12 with the same elements. The same applies to the detailed illustration according to FIG. 14.

Details of the holder for receiving the ropes 4 with the multi-part holder 5 are shown in FIG. 15. Fig. 15 also makes the tendon 3 become clear.

A pre-assembled field with already screwed holders 5 is shown in FIG. 16, but still without ropes and membrane.

Analogous to the illustration of FIG. 16, but in an exploded view, FIG. 17 shows the preassembled arrangement with a ball 6, which consists of two halves, which can be fixed to one another via a spring ring / groove connection.

FIG. 18 shows a variant similar to FIG. 17, but with a ball 7.

In the embodiment of FIG. 19, a cable bracing variant is shown, which is designed in a cross shape.

FIG. 20 shows a detail of the holder 5 with continuous cable for use according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 19.

FIGS. 21 to 23 show various possible segmentations of the tension or support rods 8. Fig. 21 is an exemplary way of segmenting the tie rods 8 for the variant with

Fixing rings, wherein the tensioning device itself is off-center with Verstellmöglich¬.

Fig. 22 is an example of the Spannstabausführung for the embodiment variant with membranes and centrally located tendon, the tendons of Fig. 21, 22 and 23 comprise a construction with adjusting nut 9, wherein the adjusting nut is connected to two bolts, the each have a counter-rotating thread, which corresponds to a complementary internal thread in the associated section of the tensioning rod 8.

In the solution of Fig. 23 is an embodiment which is suitable for receiving the holder 5. For this purpose, a circumferential return jump 11 is provided.

According to the example of FIG. 24, a variant of the system with tension rods is presented, wherein each rod 8 two holders 5 are used.

FIG. 25 shows an example analogous to FIG. 24, although due to given low loads, only the outer membranes 1 absorb existing tensile forces or a separate tension rod (see tension rod 12 according to FIG. 24) can be dispensed with.

FIG. 26 shows a detail of the solution according to the invention in the region of a knot with a plurality of tension rods, but without a membrane.

FIG. 27 shows a detail of the holders 5 for the tension rods 12.

FIG. 28 shows tension rods 8, specifically for the variant with tension rods according to FIG. 27 and a recognizable space for accommodating the holders 5 and the likewise provided possibility of adjustment with the aid of the adjusting nut 9.

An example with traction ropes running around the respective knot is shown in FIG. 29. There, the traction ropes 4 pass through the tensioning rods 8 loaded at pressure at end points 13. When using ropes which are adjustable with tendons 3, simplifications are obtained in comparison with the embodiment form with prefabricated bars.

FIG. 30 shows an exploded view of the embodiment according to FIG. 29 with the end points 13 receiving the cables.

The respective membrane 1 can be fixed according to the illustration of FIG. 31 and 32 at the thread crest 2 by screws. Various construction examples in different views, also in detail, are shown in FIGS. 33 to 38 can be removed.

To Fig. 28 it should be noted that there is a detail of the solid ball 7 as a node element, wherein on the solid ball truncated cone-like holder 14 for receiving the corresponding tie rods 8, preferably stoff¬ conclusively, are attached.

The exemplary embodiments described above can be modified within the scope of expert action; in particular, additions or omissions of individual or several parts or method steps can be carried out without departing from the basic idea according to the invention. All details shown in the figures are to be regarded as essential to the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 membrane

2 tips

3 tendons

4 ropes

5 holders 6 two-piece ball

7 full ball

8 tension rod

9 adjusting nut

10 Net construction 11 circumferential return

12 tie rod

13 endpoint

14 frustoconical holder

20 node 30 spherical body

30a non-positive cone

30b hemisphere 40 push rod

50 pull rope

51 tendon

60 Aufsetzkegel

65 point, concave

70 pull rope intake

70a half ring

72 clamping cylinder

73 fastener

80 point holder

81 threaded ring

82 point cone

82a joint recording

83 point disk

90 claw

91 mother

92 retaining pin

100 trim / cover element

A outside

E level

I inside

KP virtual node

NK virtual network construction

R cubic grid

Z cubature cell

Claims

claims

1. Arrangement of a prefabricated construction in skeleton construction, characterized by a given building cubature in the form of a

Mesh construction (10) adapted association of interconnected and / or strained, from Grundeiementen modularly constructed formvariabier nodal points (20).

2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that as basic elements of the shape-variable node (20) at least the following parts are provided:

- a first central spherical body (30) per node - a plurality of substantially radially in the longitudinal direction mounted on the first spherical body, the first spherical body with each an adjacent spherical body connecting pressure rods (40),

- An arrangement, the pressure bars on the first and / or adjacent spherical body pressing tension cables (50).

3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a at least one end of the push rod (40) patch, the surface of the spherical body adapted Aufsetzkegel (60).

4. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one around the longitudinal axis of the push rod (40) herumführend arranged Zugseilaufnahme (70).

5. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a with optional pressure bars (40) arranged support and fastening means (80,90) for cladding and / or covering (100).

6. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at optional basic elements of the formvariable Knotenpun kte (20) arranged, in particular over the entire network construction (10) distributed measuring devices for static load parameters.

7. A method for constructing an arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by in a data processing device, a virtual design and planning model for the network construction is created in advance and / or assigned to it, wherein

- the virtual design and planning model is assembled from the virtual design modules associated with shape-variable nodes; and - data for presentation, automation and structural calculation programs is generated using the virtual design and planning model, and

- Assign a set of production tables to the design and planning model.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the design and planning model is formed in the form of a virtual texture on a design geometry in the form of a virtually given building curvature and adapted in shape.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the production tables are linked to the parameters of the design and planning model and changes in the

Design and planning model are continuously updated.

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the creation and / or assignment of the construction and

Planning model is part of a CAD design development environment, whereby the CAD design Development environment in particular a database with a component library for the nodes of the network construction has.