WO2006025447A1 - カンチレバーおよびその利用 - Google Patents
カンチレバーおよびその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006025447A1 WO2006025447A1 PCT/JP2005/015903 JP2005015903W WO2006025447A1 WO 2006025447 A1 WO2006025447 A1 WO 2006025447A1 JP 2005015903 W JP2005015903 W JP 2005015903W WO 2006025447 A1 WO2006025447 A1 WO 2006025447A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cantilever
- displacement
- force
- lever
- detector
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q20/00—Monitoring the movement or position of the probe
- G01Q20/02—Monitoring the movement or position of the probe by optical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q70/00—General aspects of SPM probes, their manufacture or their related instrumentation, insofar as they are not specially adapted to a single SPM technique covered by group G01Q60/00
- G01Q70/08—Probe characteristics
- G01Q70/10—Shape or taper
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cantilever that can be used in a scanning probe microscope such as a scanning atomic force microscope and a detection device such as a gas sensor, and the use thereof.
- a scanning probe microscope such as a scanning atomic force microscope
- a detection device such as a gas sensor
- the vibration amplitude is reduced and the sensitivity is high.
- cantilevers that can be measured and their use.
- AFM atomic force microscope
- STM scanning tunneling microscope
- AFM atomic force microscope
- STM scanning tunneling microscope
- the operating principle of AFM is to detect the atomic force (repulsive force or attractive force) acting between a minute probe called a cantilever and the sample surface, scan the sample surface so that the force is constant, and draw surface irregularities.
- Force is detected by the displacement of the cantilever. For example, the back of the cantilever is irradiated with a laser, and the reflected light is incident on a quadrant photodetector to detect the amount of light displacement.
- Fig. 8 (a) and Fig. 8 (b) show the structure of a typical cantilever used in AFM.
- the conventional cantilever 500 is composed of a lever portion 50, a support base 52, and a probe 54.
- the lever portion 50 has a rectangular cantilever structure in which one end 51 is fixed to the support base 52, and the probe 54 is attached to the other end 53 that is not fixed to the support base 52. Is the one that is attached.
- AFM using this dynamic mode also called DFM (dynamic force microscope) brings the vibrating probe (probe) close to the specimen and brings it close to the specimen very close to the AFM image of the specimen.
- DFM dynamic force microscope
- the cantilever is vibrated in the vicinity of the resonance frequency, and the vibration amplitude of the cantilever is detected by, for example, a photodetector using an optical lever method, and a sample-probe generated during scanning of the sample surface.
- the change in the vibration characteristics of the cantilever due to the interaction force between them is detected, and the two-dimensional scanning is performed while controlling the average distance of the sample surface force at the probe position while keeping these changes constant.
- By imaging the trajectory it shows the local surface structure of the sample and the physical properties of the surface.
- the average distance between the cantilever and the probe surface be as close as possible U, It is thought.
- the average distance between the probe and the sample surface is about half the displacement of the vibration amplitude of the end 53 where the probe 54 is provided. To bring the probe 54 close to the probe 54, the vibration amplitude can be reduced. Therefore, there has been a demand for the development of a technique for making the cantilever probe as close as possible to the sample surface by reducing the vibration amplitude of the cantilever as much as possible.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports that high-sensitivity force measurement was performed using a tuning fork-type crystal resonator with a probe having a minute vibration amplitude.
- Non-Patent Document 1 uses a crystal resonator, the frequency and the spring constant cannot be freely selected, and it is difficult to stably manufacture the probe. There was a problem that there was. For this reason, micro-vibration capable of microfabrication such as silicon There was a need to develop a cantilever for width.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the vibration amplitude of the probe portion, while reducing the displacement of the cantilever to some extent. It is possible to provide a cantilever having a configuration capable of detecting with a vibration amplitude of 5 mm and capable of fine processing and use thereof.
- the present inventors have newly formed a displacement detection beam structure inside the lever portion of the cantilever.
- This displacement detection beam structure Resonance structure cantilever with a new resonance mode can be fabricated by the structural resonance of the above, and in the new resonance mode, the beam structure for displacement detection vibrates with a relatively large amplitude, but the tip of the cantilever provided with a probe Because the vibration amplitude of the probe part is small, the probe part can be moved closer to the sample, while the displacement of the beam structure for displacement detection that vibrates with a large amplitude.
- the present invention includes the following inventions (1) to (10) as industrially useful substances.
- a cantilever-structured lever portion in which one end portion is fixed to a support base and the other end portion is a free end, and a force generated when approaching a sample is detected.
- a force detection unit for detecting displacement and a displacement detection unit for detecting displacement wherein the displacement detection unit is configured to vibrate in resonance with the force detection unit, and the cantilever is configured to detect the force detection unit.
- the force detection unit and the displacement detection unit are arranged independently of each other (separately arranged), and the displacement detection unit is connected to the lever unit via a connection unit.
- the cantilever according to (1) which is provided in a cantilever structure in which one end is fixed.
- the vibration amplitude of the displacement detection unit is 2 to 100 times the vibration amplitude of the force detection unit (1 ) Or (2
- the displacement detection unit is provided with a free end at a direction different from the free end of the lever unit by 180 °, and a longitudinal center axis of the displacement detection unit is a longitudinal direction of the lever unit.
- the cantilever according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the cantilever is provided so as to coincide with the center axis.
- the lever portion has a hollow portion between an end portion fixed to the support base and a free end, and the displacement detection portion is accommodated inside the hollow portion.
- the cantilever according to any one of to (4).
- the displacement detection unit is provided perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the lever unit.
- the predetermined frequency is substantially the same as the resonance frequency of the cantilever, and is a frequency at which the amplitude of the displacement detector is larger than the amplitude of the force detector in the cantilever.
- a gas sensor comprising the cantilever according to any one of (1) to (7).
- FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view schematically showing a structure of a cantilever according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 (b) is a view of the cantilever in FIG. 1 (a) observed with a two-dimensional electron microscope.
- FIG. 1 (c) is a top view of the cantilever of FIG. 1 (a) as viewed from above.
- FIG. 1 (d) is a side view of the cantilever in FIG. 1 (a) as viewed from the side.
- FIG. 2 The end of the lever part (circular area indicated by A in the figure) and the displacement detection part (circular area indicated by B in the figure) of the cantilever according to the present embodiment are forced to vibrate by sweeping the frequency. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the resonance state in the case of.
- FIG. 3 (a) is a diagram showing a resonance state of the cantilever according to the present embodiment at a frequency of 125 kHz.
- FIG. 3 (b) is a diagram showing a resonance state of the cantilever according to the present embodiment at a frequency of 445 kHz.
- FIG. 4 (a) is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of another cantilever according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 (b) is a top view of the cantilever of FIG. 4 (a) as viewed from above.
- FIG. 4 (c) is a side view of the cantilever of FIG. 4 (a) as viewed from the side.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of another cantilever according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 (b) is a top view of the cantilever of FIG. 5 (a) as viewed from above.
- FIG. 5 (c) is a front view of the cantilever of FIG.
- FIG. 6 (a) is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of another cantilever according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 (b) is a top view of the cantilever in FIG. 6 (a) as viewed from above.
- FIG. 6 (c) is a front view of the cantilever of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration of a gas sensor according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 (a) is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a general cantilever used for AFM.
- FIG. 8 (b) is a diagram of the cantilever in FIG. 8 (a) observed with an electron microscope. [Explanation of Symbols]
- the present invention relates to a cantilever that can be used for a scanning probe microscope such as an AFM or a gas sensor, and the use thereof. For this reason, in the following embodiment, the cantilever according to the present invention will be described first, and the usage will be described in the next.
- the cantilever according to the present invention has a cantilever structure in which one end is fixed to a support base and the other end is a free end, and a force generated when it comes close to the sample is detected. And a displacement detector for detecting displacement, the displacement detector resonates with the force detector and vibrates, and the cantilever When the force detection unit is vibrated, other materials and sizes (length, width, etc.) are acceptable as long as the configuration has a resonance frequency in which the amplitude of the displacement detection unit is larger than the amplitude of the force detection unit.
- the structure of a conventionally known cantilever that is not particularly limited in terms of thickness and the like can be used as appropriate. That is, any device that can achieve the above-described functions can be included in the present invention.
- One of the characteristic configurations of the present invention is that the force detection unit and the displacement detection unit are separately arranged, and the displacement detection unit is connected to the lever unit via a connection unit. It has a cantilever structure with one end fixed. With such a configuration, the force detection unit and the displacement detection unit can be separated, and the force detection unit vibrates with a small amplitude, while the displacement detection unit is not affected by phase noise or the like. The displacement of the force detection unit can be measured by vibrating it to a large extent (new resonance mode). In other words, it can be said that the cantilever according to the present invention only needs to have a displacement detection unit so that the above-described new resonance mode is possible.
- the term “cantilever beam structure” means a fixed end in which one end of a beam ( ⁇ ) structure is fixed to a support member such as a support base, and the like. The other end is a structure that exists as a free end without being fixed to the support member.
- the term “fixed end” refers to an end portion fixed to a support means such as a support base in a cantilever structure.
- the term “free end” refers to an end portion of the cantilever structure that is not fixed to a support means such as a support base, and the free end is configured to be able to vibrate.
- the “force detection unit” is for detecting a force that is generated when approaching the sample.
- it is a member that is provided at the free end of the cantilever and detects the interaction force between the sample surface and the force detection unit that comes close to the sample and occurs at a close distance.
- the specific configuration of the force detection unit is not particularly limited, and the configuration of the force detection unit in a conventionally known cantilever can be suitably used. For example, by providing a conventionally known probe at the free end of the lever portion, the probe and the free end of the lever portion function as a force detection unit.
- the material of the cantilever according to the present invention is preferably a silicon film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxide film, or the like from the viewpoint of fine processing, but is not limited thereto.
- the shape of the lever portion may be any configuration that can form a displacement detection portion, a probe, and the like, and the specific shape is not particularly limited, but a shape such as a strip shape or a triangle shape may be used. I like it.
- the shape of the displacement detector is not limited as long as the displacement of the lever can be detected.
- an optical lever method for displacement detection, an optical lever method, a capacitive displacement meter, a strain gauge, an optical interferometer, etc.
- the public Since a known measurement technique is used, any shape that can be applied to these may be used. For example, a rectangular shape or a triangular shape is preferable as in the lever portion.
- the cantilever according to the present invention preferably includes a probe for measuring the interaction force with the sample surface as the force detection unit, but is not limited thereto.
- a sensor portion for adsorbing a predetermined gas component gas molecule
- the part where the probe and the sensor unit are provided is not particularly limited, but the free end side is preferable.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of a cantilever according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 (b) is a view of the cantilever of FIG. 1 (a) observed with an electron microscope.
- Fig. 1 (c) is a top view of the cantilever of Fig. 1 (a) seen from above
- Fig. 1 (d) shows a side view of the cantilever of Fig. 1 (a) seen from the side.
- a cantilever 100 includes a lever portion 10, a support base 12, a probe 14, and a displacement detection portion 20.
- the lever portion 10 has a cantilever structure in which one end portion 11 is fixed to the support base 12, and is not fixed to the fixed end 11 and the support base 12 that are ends fixed to the support base 12. It has a free end 13 that is an end.
- the probe 14 is provided at the free end 13 of the lever portion 10. In the present embodiment, the probe 14 and the free end 13 of the lever unit 10 function as the force detection unit 15.
- the lever unit 10, the probe 14, and the displacement detection unit 20 of the cantilever 100 are all made of silicon.
- the shapes of the lever part 10 and the displacement detection part 20 are both strips.
- the probe 14 has a conical shape.
- the probe 14 may be formed by adhering a carbon nanotube to the tip of the lever portion 10 made of a silicon film, a silicon nitride film, or a silicon oxide film.
- the probe 14 is used to measure the "force" of the interaction such as the intermolecular force generated between the sample and the probe 14 by scanning the conical tip close to the sample surface. .
- Lever part 10 The probe 14 and the displacement detector 20 are supported and function as means for transmitting the vibration amplitude to the probe 14.
- the displacement detector 20 is for detecting a change (displacement) in the vibration characteristics of the cantilever resulting from the interaction force between the sample probes 14 by irradiating the surface with laser light or the like.
- Examples of the means for detecting the displacement include an optical lever method that irradiates the surface of the displacement detection unit 20 with a laser beam.
- a hollow portion 30 is provided in a body portion between the end portion 11 and the end portion 13.
- the shape of the hollow portion 30 is a rectangular shape, and has a structure in which the body of the lever portion 10 is cut out.
- the displacement detector 20 is provided so as to be accommodated in the cavity 30 and is connected to the end (lever part 10) of the cavity 30 via the connecting part 25 and is provided in a cantilever structure. ing. More specifically, one end 21 of the displacement detection unit 20 is connected to the side facing the end 11 of the lever 10 in the cavity 30 via the connection 25 (the end 11 of the lever 10). It is connected to the end 31 on the far side.
- both the lever unit 10 and the displacement detection unit 20 have a cantilever structure, and their fixed ends are different in direction by 180 °.
- the direction of the free end 13 of the lever portion 10 configured to vibrate and the free end 22 of the displacement detection portion 20 are 180 degrees different from each other.
- the longitudinal central axes of the lever unit 10 and the displacement detection unit 20 are configured to coincide with each other.
- the thickness of the displacement detection unit 20 is configured to be the same as the thickness of the lever unit 10.
- the connecting portion 25 is configured such that the width (short direction, width direction) and thickness are thinner or thinner than the width and thickness of the hollow portion 30 and the displacement detecting portion 20, respectively. That is, it can be said that the connecting portion 25 is configured as a hinge structure.
- the displacement detection unit 20 is provided in a cantilever structure so as to be accommodated in the cavity 30 provided in the lever unit 10 and to be able to vibrate, and the displacement detection unit 20
- the free end 22 of 20 is configured to be capable of vibration amplitude in a direction 180 ° different from the direction of the free end 13 of the lever part 10 and the longitudinal axis of the displacement detection part 20 and the longitudinal direction of the lever part 10 It is connected to the lever part 10 with a cantilever structure so that the central axis of the direction matches.
- the cantilever 100 having the above-described structure can be easily manufactured by FIB processing using, for example, a commercially available silicon cantilever. It should be noted that the cantilever manufacturing method is not particularly limited because it can suitably utilize a conventionally known microfabrication technique.
- the cantilever 100 configured as described above has two different cantilever structures, that is, the lever unit 10 and the displacement detection unit 20.
- the cantilever 100 vibrates the detection part 15
- the cantilever 100 has a resonance frequency at which the displacement detection part 20 connected to the lever part 10 also vibrates.
- the cantilever 100 When the cantilever 100 is vibrated at the resonance frequency of the new resonance mode described above, the amplitude of the detection unit 15 is very small, but the amplitude of the displacement detection unit 20 is sufficiently large. The change is sufficiently large to be detected.
- the vibration amplitude of the displacement detection unit 20 is twice to 100 times larger than the vibration amplitude in the force detection unit 15, and more preferably 100 times or more. Is preferred. Thus, when the displacement detection unit 20 has a vibration amplitude larger than the vibration amplitude in the force detection unit 15, the object of the present invention can be achieved more reliably.
- FIGS. 2, 3 (a), and 3 (b) The case where the above cantilever is vibrated at a predetermined resonance frequency will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 2, 3 (a), and 3 (b).
- Fig. 2 shows the force detection unit 15 (circular area indicated by A in the figure) in the cantilever 100 and the free end 22 (circular area indicated by B in the figure) of the displacement detection part 20 forcibly oscillated by sweeping the frequency. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the vibration amplitude in the case.
- Fig. 3 (a) is a diagram showing the resonance state of the cantilever 100 when the frequency is 125 kHz
- Fig. 3 (b) is a diagram showing the resonance state of the cantilever 100 when the frequency is 445 kHz.
- the free end 22 of the displacement detection unit 20 has a large amplitude.
- the amplitude of the force detection unit 15 is very small (new resonance mode).
- This new resonance mode state is shown schematically in Fig. 3 (b). From the simulation results by the finite element method, when the cantilever 100 is vibrated at a resonance frequency of 445 kHz, the vibration amplitude of the displacement detector 20 is the same as that at the force detector 15 (free end). It can be seen that the amplitude is more than 100 times the vibration amplitude.
- the force detector 15 can be vibrated by a minute amplitude by vibrating at a predetermined resonance frequency that can achieve the new resonance mode.
- the free end 22 of the detection unit 20 can be made to have a large amplitude.
- the amplitude of the free end of the displacement detector 20 can be configured to be larger than the amplitude of the force detector 15. For this reason, for example, when the cantilever 100 is used in the dynamic mode AFM, the probe 14 can be brought as close as possible to the sample surface, so that highly accurate measurement can be performed.
- a vibration type force detection method that is, a dynamic mode force detection method.
- the cantilever supporting the probe is vibrated at the resonance point, and the resonance point shifted with respect to the external forcing force is measured to detect the probe.
- a method that detects weak force acting on the needle is generally used.
- FM modulation method if the vibration amplitude of the cantilever is small, the phase of the detection signal in the FM modulation method is reduced. Noise increases and high sensitivity detection becomes difficult.
- the free end 22 of the displacement detector 2 can be vibrated greatly. Further, the vibration amplitude of the displacement detection unit 20 resonates with the vibration amplitude of the force detection unit 15 and fulfills a function of amplifying the minute amplitude of the force detection unit 15. For this reason, for example, when the cantilever 100 is used in the dynamic mode AFM, by measuring the displacement amount of the vibration amplitude of the displacement detector 20, the sample and The 'force' acting with the probe 14 can be measured (detected) with high sensitivity by reducing the influence of phase noise and the like.
- the vibration amplitude of the probe 14 portion approaching the sample surface can be made minute and the mutual interaction with the sample can be reduced.
- the large vibration amplitude of the displacement detector 20 can be used to detect the displacement of the lever 10 caused by the acting force. This makes it possible to bring the probe closer to the sample and to measure the amplitude change of the displacement detector that vibrates with a large amplitude, compared to the cantilever used in the conventional dynamic mode AFM or the like. Therefore, displacement detection is easy and accurate, and highly sensitive force measurement is possible.
- FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (c) The other configuration of the cantilever according to the present invention will be described as follows based on FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (c).
- components having the same functions as the components in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. That is, here, differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 4 (a) is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of another cantilever according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 4 (b) is a top view of the cantilever in FIG. 4 (a) as viewed from above.
- FIG. 4 (c) is a side view of the cantilever of FIG. 4 (a) as viewed from the side.
- the cantilever 100 includes a lever portion 10, a support base 12, a probe 14, and a displacement detection portion 20 ′.
- the lever portion 10 is provided with a hollow portion 30 ′ in the body portion between the fixed end 11 and the free end 13.
- the hollow portion 30 ′ is provided from the fixed end 11 of the lever portion 10 to the vicinity of the tip of the free end 13.
- the displacement detector 20 ' is provided so as to be accommodated in the cavity 30', and is connected to the end of the cavity 30 'via the connection 25', and has a so-called cantilever structure. Is provided.
- the displacement detection unit 20 ′ is configured to substantially match the shape of the cavity 30 ′.
- one end 21 'of the displacement detector 20' is connected to the side facing the fixed end 11 of the lever 10 in the cavity 30 '(the lever) via the connection 25'. Connected with the end 31 'on the far side (from the fixed end 11 of 10)! [0063] That is, both the lever unit 10 and the displacement detection unit 20 'have a cantilever structure, and the directions of the force fixing ends are different by 180 °. In other words, the direction of the free end 13 of the lever portion 10 configured to vibrate and the free end 22 'of the displacement detector 20' are exactly 180 ° different.
- the longitudinal center axes of the lever portion 10 and the displacement detection portion 20 ′ are configured to coincide with each other.
- the thickness of the connecting portion 25 ' is configured to be thinner than the thickness of the hollow portion 30' and the displacement detecting portion 20 '.
- the connecting portion 25 ′ is formed by cutting the thickness to half the thickness of the lever portion 10. Since it can be said that the connecting portion 25 ′ is configured as a hinge structure, the position of the connecting portion 25 ′ in the displacement detecting portion 20 ′ is at one end as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (c). It can be placed in any position between both ends 21 'and 22', though it may be in contact with 21 '.
- the cavity 30 ′ and The size of the cavity 30 and the displacement detector 20 ′ is different from that of the displacement detector 20, and the shapes of the connecting portion 25 ′ and the connecting portion 25 are different.
- the cantilever 100 configured as shown in Figs. 4 (a) to 4 (c) also has the above-described new resonance mode. That is, in the cantilever 100 ′, when the force detection unit 15 is minutely vibrated at a predetermined resonance frequency, the vibration amplitude of the free end 22 ′ of the displacement detection unit 20 ′ increases. Therefore, since the vibration amplitude of the force detector 15 can be made as small as possible, the probe can be brought as close to the sample surface as possible, and highly sensitive detection is possible. Furthermore, since the vibration amplitude of the displacement detector 20 ′ is large, it is possible to reliably detect the displacement generated in the vibration characteristics of the cantilever 100 ′ by the interaction force generated between the probe 14 sample.
- the cantilever 100 having the above-described structure can also be easily manufactured by, for example, a FIB cage using a commercially available silicon cantilever.
- FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (c) The other configuration of the cantilever according to the present invention will be described as follows based on FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (c).
- the same reference numerals are given to the constituent elements having the same functions as those in the first and second embodiments, and the description thereof is omitted. The That is, here, differences from the first and second embodiments will be described.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a diagram schematically showing the structure of another cantilever according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 5 (b) is a top view of the cantilever of FIG. 5 (a) as viewed from above.
- FIG. 5 (c) is a front view of the cantilever of FIG. 5 (a) as viewed from the free end side of the lever portion.
- the displacement detector 20 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the lever part 10. Is provided.
- the displacement detection unit 20 " is provided in a cantilever structure on the lever unit 10 via a connection unit 25".
- the connecting portion 25 is formed thinner than the displacement detecting portion 20" and thinner than the displacement detecting portion 20 ". More specifically, the connecting portion 25" is thinner than the displacement detecting portion 20 ".
- the connecting portion 25 is connected to the lower half of the displacement detecting portion 20".
- the inside of the lever portion is cut out to provide a hollow portion, and the displacement detecting portion is provided there.
- the displacement detecting portion is provided.
- the part 20 is newly added to the lever part 10.
- the position where the displacement detector 20 "is provided is a resonance frequency at which the displacement detector 20" vibrates with an amplitude larger than the amplitude of the force detector 15 when the force detector 15 vibrates with a minute amplitude.
- the specific configuration is not particularly limited as long as it is provided at such a position.
- the cantilever 100 has the above-described new resonance mode.
- the force detection unit 15 when the force detection unit 15 is vibrated minutely at a predetermined resonance frequency, the displacement detection unit 20 The vibration amplitude at the free end of “is increased. Therefore, since the vibration amplitude of the force detector 15 can be made as small as possible, the probe 14 can be brought as close as possible to the sample surface, and highly sensitive detection is possible. Further, since the vibration amplitude of the displacement detector 20 "is large, it is possible to reliably detect the displacement generated in the vibration characteristics of the cantilever 100" by the interaction force generated between the probe 14 and the sample.
- Fig. 6 (a) is a diagram schematically showing the structure of another cantilever according to the present embodiment
- Fig. 6 (b) is a top view of the cantilever of Fig. 6 (a) as viewed from above
- FIG. 6 (c) is a front view of the cantilever of FIG. 6 (a) as viewed from the free end side of the lever portion.
- the cantilever 100 "according to the present embodiment has a displacement detection unit 20" in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the lever unit 10. ⁇ 20 "is provided. Displacement detector 20" ⁇ 20 “is provided so as to face each other with the lever 10 in between. That is, the displacement detector 20" ⁇ 20 " The lever portion 10 is provided symmetrically.
- the cantilever 100 ′′ has a new resonance mode. That is, the cantilever 100 ′′ is a displacement detection unit 20 ′′ when the force detection unit 15 is vibrated slightly at a predetermined resonance frequency. ⁇ 20 "is configured to vibrate greater than the amplitude of force detector 15.
- the cantilever according to the present invention has an excellent function and effect by having the unique configuration as described above, the cantilever can be used as follows.
- the cantilever according to the present invention can be used in a scanning probe microscope.
- the scanning probe microscope according to the present invention includes the above-described cantilever according to the present invention, a vibration unit that vibrates the cantilever at a predetermined frequency, and a detection unit that detects a vibration amplitude or phase of a displacement detection unit included in the cantilever.
- Other specific configurations that have the above are not particularly limited.
- the specific configuration of the vibrating means is not particularly limited as long as the vibrating means can vibrate the cantilever at a predetermined frequency.
- a resonance circuit system may be configured by an internal circuit network without using an external oscillator, and this may be used.
- Any other detection means may be used as long as it can detect the amount of change in the vibration characteristics of the cantilever by the interaction force generated between the cantilever probe and the sample.
- a specific configuration or the like is not particularly limited.
- semiconductor laser A normal optical lever type equipped with a position detector and a force detection circuit can be suitably used.
- measurement may be performed using other known measurement techniques such as a capacitance displacement meter, a strain gauge, and an optical interferometer.
- the “predetermined frequency” is substantially the same frequency as the resonance frequency of the cantilever, and the displacement is larger than the free end of the lever portion of the cantilever, that is, the amplitude of the force detection portion. It is preferable that the frequency is such that the amplitude of the detection unit becomes larger. In other words, the vibration amplitude of the force detection unit provided with the probe in the cantilever is very small, but the vibration amplitude of the displacement detection unit is approximately equal to the resonance frequency at which the displacement of the vibration characteristic of the cantilever can be detected. The same frequency is preferred.
- a configuration of a conventionally known scanning probe microscope can be preferably used.
- a sample stage for placing a sample a probe scanning means for moving the probe two-dimensionally in a direction along the sample surface, and a probe moving in a direction toward or away from the sample surface
- Conventionally known techniques can be applied to the probe moving means and the probe position detecting means for detecting the position of the probe.
- Examples of the "scanning probe microscope” include AFM and scanning tunneling microscope. In particular, dynamic mode AFM is preferable.
- the cantilever according to the present invention can also be used in, for example, a gas sensor.
- a sensor unit that adsorbs gas components (gas molecules) is attached to the free end portion of the cantilever according to the present invention.
- gas component gas molecule
- the resonance frequency of the cantilever changes due to the interaction between the sensor unit and the gas component.
- the gas sensor 300 includes eight cantilevers 100, 100, and a support base 12.
- the free end 13 of the cantilever 100 is provided with a sensor unit 301 that adsorbs a predetermined gas component (gas molecule).
- the eight cantilevers 100,... are provided with sensor portions 301 that adsorb different gas components.
- the displacement detection unit since the displacement detection unit has a resonance frequency with the lever having the probe and amplifies the vibration amplitude of the probe part, the vibration of the probe part approaching the sample surface is provided. While the amplitude can be reduced, a large vibration amplitude can be used to detect the displacement of the lever. This makes it possible to bring the probe closer to the sample than cantilevers used in conventional dynamic mode AFMs and the like.
- displacement detection since the change in amplitude of the displacement detector that vibrates with a relatively large amplitude can be measured, displacement detection can be performed easily, the influence of noise can be reduced, and highly sensitive force measurement is possible. There is an effect that.
- the scanning probe microscope and the gas sensor using the cantilever according to the present invention can also achieve high sensitivity.
- the cantilever is used in local surface analysis, electronic physical property analysis, mainly a scanning probe microscope, and MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) which is a minute functional element. Industrial applicability is considered.
- MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
- the present invention does not require a complicated apparatus configuration, the utility value in the nanotechnology field is extremely high.
- research on gas sensors using cantilevers and DNA analysis technology is actively underway, so there is potential for use in bio-related industries (including food, pharmaceuticals, and the environment).
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
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JP5019120B2 (ja) | 2007-03-16 | 2012-09-05 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 検出センサ |
WO2008114603A1 (ja) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-25 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | 検出センサ、振動子 |
Citations (4)
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JPH06249863A (ja) * | 1993-02-15 | 1994-09-09 | Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> | 表面構造を画像化するセンサ |
JPH11512830A (ja) * | 1996-03-13 | 1999-11-02 | インターナシヨナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーシヨン | 新規なカンチレバー構造 |
JP2001056278A (ja) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-02-27 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | 質量検出型ガスセンサ |
JP2005227139A (ja) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-08-25 | Kyoto Univ | 原子間力顕微鏡用カンチレバー |
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Patent Citations (4)
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JPH06249863A (ja) * | 1993-02-15 | 1994-09-09 | Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> | 表面構造を画像化するセンサ |
JPH11512830A (ja) * | 1996-03-13 | 1999-11-02 | インターナシヨナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーシヨン | 新規なカンチレバー構造 |
JP2001056278A (ja) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-02-27 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | 質量検出型ガスセンサ |
JP2005227139A (ja) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-08-25 | Kyoto Univ | 原子間力顕微鏡用カンチレバー |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
FURUKAWA T.: "Bisho Shinpuku AFM no tameno Shinki Cantilever no Kaihatsu", 2004 NEN (HEISEI 16 NEN) SHUKI DAI 65 KAI THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF APPLIED PHYSICS GAKUJUTSU KOEN YOKOSHU, vol. 2, 1 September 2004 (2004-09-01), pages 591, 4P-H-4, XP002998808 * |
FURUKAWA T.: "Fukugo Kyoshin Mode o Yusuru Shinki Cantilever no Kaihatsu oyobi Sono Seidenkiryoku Kenshutsu no Kokandoka eno Oyo", 2004 NEN (HEISEI 16 NEN) SHUNKI DAI 5 KAI OYO BUSURIGAKU KANKEI RENGO KOENKAI KOEN YOKOSHU, vol. 2, 28 March 2004 (2004-03-28), pages 739, 30P-ZB-16, XP002998807 * |
KOBAYASHI K.: "Dopant profiling on semiconducting sample by scanning capacitance force microscopy", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 81, no. 14, 30 September 2002 (2002-09-30), pages 2629 - 2631, XP001142287 * |
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