WO2006017991A1

WO2006017991A1 - Stepped sequential treatment method for municipal domestic refuse

Info

Publication number: WO2006017991A1
Application number: PCT/CN2005/001286
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yiran Li
Original assignee: Yiran Li
Priority date: 2004-08-18
Filing date: 2005-08-18
Publication date: 2006-02-23

Abstract

The present invention provides a treatment method of municipal domestic refuse. In the method the organic matter processes an anaerobic fermentation, the obtained methane can be helpful to burning to generate electricity. The biogas residue from the anaerobic fermentation can be used as a culture material for growing edible mushrooms. The residue discharged from edible mushrooms can be used to cultivate earthworm. Besides the organics, the other substance of the municipal domestic refuse will be incinerated to generate electricity. The present invention realises a comprehensive utilization of waste resource.

Description

Method for processing urban domestic garbage in cascade

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for treating municipal solid waste in cascades, in particular to a method for treating weeds, crop straws, livestock manure and urban organic waste in cascade. Background technique

At present, there are two common methods of garbage disposal in the world: one for landfill and two for incineration. Landfill waste, groundwater and surface environment, and atmospheric pollution are very serious, and their harmfulness has been recognized by people. Incineration technology can reduce landfill waste, but rely on geology and energy to assist combustion. Costly processing, high investment and operating costs.

Whether it is landfill or incineration, waste disposal is a burden on the processing unit. If you reduce your investment, you have to sacrifice the environment. If you increase your investment, your investment risk will increase and it will be difficult to deal with it. Therefore, 'changing this kind of "burden" treatment is "efficient" investment processing, which is the most basic background concept for us to develop this comprehensive processing program, and will invest in the past "burden" and "public welfare". The processing model has become a "commercial" and "profitable" eco-environmental and energy-utilization development model.

People's living standards have always been accompanied by the development of the livestock industry. In recent years, the large-scale breeding of the livestock and poultry industry has achieved rapid development. Many cities have successively built dairy farms with a scale of tens of thousands of heads. Million pig farms, tens of thousands of chicken farms. The rapid development of the aquaculture industry has brought about some new problems, the main problem of which is fecal management. There are generally three ways to treat fecal sewage in large-scale aquaculture: First, the natural dry matter in the feces is naturally piled up by simple sedimentation and artificial separation. After fermentation, the fertilizer is returned to the field, and the separated sewage is stored in a concentrated manner. It is used as farmland fertilizer after treatment; the second is to use aerobic organisms to decompose organic matter into carbon dioxide and water; the third is anaerobic biological treatment, ie biogas technology. At present, the livestock manure of large farms in some cities has not been safely and effectively treated, of which only small Part of it is applied to farmland as a base fertilizer. A considerable part is directly discharged into the canal or sewer. It not only wastes resources, but also seriously damages the environment and poses a serious threat to the ecological environment of the waters.

With the development of the city, the amount of garbage is increasing, the harm of polluting the environment is increasing; the difficulty of treatment is increasing; the market demand for Agaricus bisporus and power supply is increasing. The technical invention is intended to solve these problems and achieve these goals.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for the treatment of municipal waste and organic waste in a cascade to avoid environmental pollution and to partially alleviate the tight supply of electricity.

The method includes:

(1) Anaerobic fermentation of organic matter sorted by municipal solid waste;

(2) the slag after fermentation is used as a fungal medium;

(3) The waste material after cultivating the fungus is used as a cockroach feed;

(4) The municipal solid waste is sorted and the remaining materials except scrap metal, waste plastics and organic matter are incinerated to generate electricity.

The present invention also provides another method for stepping up municipal solid waste, the method comprising:

(1) Anaerobic fermentation of municipal sewage, kitchen waste, weeds, straw, and livestock manure;

(2) the slag after fermentation is used as a fungal medium;

(3) The waste material after the cultivation of the fungus is used as a feed for cockroaches.

Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation treatment is carried out after pretreatment of the organic matter.

The fungus is a Hanspore mushroom.

The anaerobic fermentation waste liquid and manure are used to grow crops and/or vegetables.

The method provided by the invention utilizes anaerobic digestion technology to treat livestock manure, urban sewage, weeds and orange poles, produce biogas, biogas incineration waste power generation; biogas residue cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, mushroom waste culture; The organic fertilizer is used to grow crops and/or vegetables, and crops and/or vegetables can be used as feed for raising livestock to form a benign ecological circulation system. The interlocking, step-by-step and layer-by-layer benefits have truly realized the maximum utilization of the abandoned materials.

In view of the fact that the collected weeds, straws, and livestock manure contain a lot of impurities such as fiber, lignin and sediment, and vary with climate and environment, necessary smashing, sedimentation, water quality and water volume are required before anaerobic digestion. Customary pretreatment such as temperature adjustment to ensure normal operation of subsequent anaerobic digestion.

Anaerobic digestion can obtain three kinds of products, biogas, biogas residue and biogas slurry. Biogas is used to incinerate waste-to-energy. Biogas slurry is used to grow crops and/or vegetables. Biogas residue is used as a culture material for Agaricus bisporus. Traditional fermentation is used. Aerobic fermentation is the main one, the cycle lasts for one month, and the labor intensity is large, the energy loss is much, and the post-seed fermentation treatment before sowing is theoretically: it is an artificial method, which leads to competition with the bisporus. Technical process for the death of aerobic microorganisms, biogas residue obtained by anaerobic "fermentation", in which there are various microorganisms mainly composed of anaerobic microorganisms, exposed to filtration, sterile, In the air containing oxygen, it will die in a few minutes, which not only achieves the treatment effect of aerobic fermentation, but also reduces the troublesome process of post-fermentation treatment, and can be directly inoculated to complete the unprecedented planting and production of Agaricus bisporus. program. The anaerobic fermentation of biogas residue is a high-quality raw material for cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. In terms of treatment cycle, compared with the traditional "aerobic fermentation" for up to one month, it is shortened to 48 hours, reducing labor intensity. Chemical production has created conditions that truly achieve pollution-free cultivation.

Mushrooms are used to feed cockroaches, worm mounds and biogas slurry for growing crops and/or vegetables.

The biogas produced by the anaerobic digestion of weeds, crop straws and livestock manure is used to incinerate waste-to-energy, which is more expensive than the direct combustion of it as a substitute for raw coal. On the one hand, because most of the large-scale livestock and poultry farms are far away from the towns, the construction cost of the gas pipeline network is high, and the cost of electricity consumption is naturally high. On the other hand, the calorific value of one cubic meter of biogas is only equivalent to one kilogram of raw coal. The farm is also a large electricity consumer, and the waste heat generated by the power is used to heat up the fermentation raw materials, keep warm or heat the mushroom house, which not only improves the biogas itself. The economic value has alleviated the sharp contradiction of local power shortage. Therefore, the use of biogas for incineration of waste-to-energy generation is higher than that of direct combustion.

The invention utilizes livestock manure, urban sewage, weed grass, orange pole and organic matter in municipal solid waste to generate decane (biogas) instead of coal or kerosene to incinerate garbage by anaerobic fermentation; biogas can also directly use piston biogas engine ( Jinan, Shandong, China) direct power generation or use of coal as a substitute for coal, liquefied gas, natural gas; winter slag, winter and autumn, production of Agaricus bisporus, spring pheasant and other precious grass rot fungi; mushroom slag raising, sputum Return organic fertilizer to the field and complete the cycle. The biogas slurry is used as irrigation water and fertilizer for greenhouse vegetables or crops. Throughout the process, the “zero” emission standard is achieved.

The above-mentioned treatment of the municipal solid waste of the invention can completely solve the "secondary pollution" problem brought about by the "foot scrap" generated during the treatment of the traditional urban domestic garbage, and realize the most complete, harmless and resource treatment of the waste. , fundamentally solved the drawbacks of traditional urban waste disposal.

The term "urban garbage" in the present invention means urban household garbage, restaurant garbage, park garbage, farmer's market garbage, street cleaning garbage, and urban sewage.

In the present invention, the term "fermented slag" refers to an organic matter fraction which is subjected to conventional anaerobic fermentation of municipal solid waste.

The "after-cultivation of the fungus" described in the present invention means that the edible fungal strain is inoculated with the conventionally fermented slag and the fungus mycelium remaining after the fungal fruit body (mushroom) is harvested is cultured. The remainder.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the treatment of urban domestic garbage, weeds, crop stalks and livestock manure.

Garbage available in the drawings: waste plastic, metal, paper, and sortable leaves, peels, etc.;

Unusable garbage: The remaining domestic garbage after sorting.

The technical solutions used in each of the process steps in the flow chart are conventional, general-purpose techniques. detailed description

Pretreatment

Because the livestock manure, weeds, crop straw, livestock manure and municipal solid waste contain a lot of fiber, lignin, etc., and the material collection process will also bring in a certain amount of impurities such as mud and sand, in addition, weeds, crop straw, The temperature of organic matter in livestock manure and municipal solid waste varies with climate and ambient temperature. Therefore, before anaerobic digestion, pre-treatment such as crushing, sanding, water quality, water volume, and heating should be carried out to ensure the normal operation of the subsequent anaerobic digestion process.

The scheme will adopt pretreatment technologies (such as water shield adjustment, power generation waste heat utilization and energy-saving heat exchange system) that have been successfully operated by many biogas projects at home and abroad, and have the characteristics of low investment economy, low energy consumption and easy operation.

Anaerobic digestion process

The use of a high-temperature, fully-mixed anaerobic digestion of weeds, crop stalks, livestock manure, and organic matter in municipal solid waste (Complete St irred Tank Reactor-CSTR) with appropriate high gas yield and easy operation and management. The process is widely used in China and Europe to treat organic wastewater with high concentration and high suspended solids, especially livestock manure containing a large amount of fiber and lignin, and can achieve full fermentation and gas production, basically eliminate malodor, and improve production. Environmental sanitation is a relatively mature and practical technology.

Utilization of residue biogas residue and biogas slurry after anaerobic digestion

After anaerobic digestion, the residue (biogas residue, biogas slurry) has high organic matter content. The main nutrients are: humic acid, various biological bacteria, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and stimulating factors that promote crop growth. This project is a necessary supporting project for using biogas residue as the culture material of Agaricus bisporus and planting forage in biogas slurry. As a culture material for the mushroom

The culture of Agaricus bisporus mainly provides nutrients through the decay of manure grass, and the traditional fermentation is "oxygenated". Fermented "mainly, with a period of one month, and labor intensity, energy loss, post-seed fermentation treatment, is a technical treatment program for artificially causing competitive microbial death of bacteria." The "biogas residue" obtained after the "anaerobic" fermentation process has a variety of microorganisms, mainly anaerobic species, and is exposed to the air for a few minutes to die, thus naturally achieving the post-fermentation treatment effect. The biogas residue after anaerobic fermentation is the best material for cultivating Agaricus bisporus, and truly implements "no pollution" cultivation.

蚯蚓蚯蚓连同连同沼沼沼

The mushroom is used to feed the mound, and the manure and the biogas are used to feed the forage.

Waste heat utilization of biogas power generation and power generation

The purified biogas is used for power generation (in developed countries such as Europe, biogas is mainly used for power generation), which is a manifestation of the conversion of biomass and biomass into higher-grade energy, and its return on capital is high (Ira ³ biogas can generate electricity). 1. 4- 1. 6KW. h). The waste heat of power generation is used for heating, heat preservation or mushroom room temperature increase of fermented raw materials, which not only achieves energy efficient use, but also increases the gas production of biogas and ensures stable operation of biogas project.

Main economic indicators

Daily treatment of manure and sewage 800-1000 tons (TS: 8°/o-10%);

The daily production of biogas is about 20000m ³ ;

Daily biogas power generation: 30000KW. h (9 months per year), l OOOOKW. h (3 months per year); Nissan biogas fertilizer (biogas residue, biogas slurry) 600-800 tons.

Example 1

Collecting urban sewage, kitchen waste, weeds, straw, livestock manure, directly into the anaerobic digester for high-temperature anaerobic fermentation, biogas generated in the anaerobic digester, used for dehydration, desulfurization, and directly used for piston biogas The engine generates electricity or as a combustion-supporting gas in the process of incineration, and the generated smoke reaches the standard discharge; the biogas residue which is overflowed from the biogas generator and dehydrated, after planting mushrooms and mushroom residue After the breeding of cockroaches, the production of cockroaches, the production of organic fertilizers, crops and vegetables, and other re-use procedures, all resources have been utilized; the rest is biogas slurry, which can be directly used to grow crops and vegetables; Vegetables, in addition to meeting the needs of human life, can also raise livestock, thus achieving a virtuous cycle of renewable resources.

Example 1

After the municipal garbage is sorted by machinery, the available parts are recycled and processed, the waste plastics can be recycled and cracked into diesel oil, and the organic matter directly enters the anaerobic digester for anaerobic fermentation, and the biogas generated in the anaerobic digester is processed by conventional processes. Dehydration, de-> after application to the piston-type internal combustion biogas engine direct power generation; can also be used as the main gas body incineration waste-to-energy generation (no need for dehydration, desulfurization), the generated furnace smoke reaches the standard discharge; After the biogas residue has been planted with mushrooms, mushroom residue cultured, and the resulting rainbow trout produces organic fertilizers, crops and vegetables, and other re-use procedures have been fully utilized; the rest is biogas slurry, biogas slurry It can be directly used to grow crops and vegetables; in addition to meeting the needs of human life, the crops and vegetables produced can also raise livestock, thus achieving a virtuous cycle of renewable resources.

After the municipal garbage is sorted, the non-useable garbage part is incinerated by biogas combustion, and the generated slag can be used for brick making.

The method provided by the invention forms a benign ecological cycle, realizes the maximum utilization of waste resources, and is the most economical and practical treatment method for solving livestock manure pollution and carrying out urban garbage resource treatment.

Various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the specification, and the modifications and variations are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

Rights request

A method for processing urban domestic waste in a cascade, characterized in that the method comprises:

(1) Anaerobic fermentation of organic matter sorted by municipal solid waste;

(2) the slag after fermentation as a fungal medium;

(3) The lower leg of the fungus after cultivation is used as a feed;

(4) The domestic wastes are sorted and the remaining materials except scrap metal, waste plastics and organic matter are incinerated to generate electricity.

2. A method for processing urban domestic waste in a cascade, characterized in that the method comprises:

(2) the slag after fermentation is used as a fungal medium;

3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the anaerobic fermentation treatment is carried out after pretreatment of the organic matter.

4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fungus is Agaricus bisporus.

5. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the anaerobic fermentation waste liquor and manure are used for growing crops and/or vegetables.