WO2006006551A1 - フローサイトメーター - Google Patents
フローサイトメーター Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006006551A1 WO2006006551A1 PCT/JP2005/012732 JP2005012732W WO2006006551A1 WO 2006006551 A1 WO2006006551 A1 WO 2006006551A1 JP 2005012732 W JP2005012732 W JP 2005012732W WO 2006006551 A1 WO2006006551 A1 WO 2006006551A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- monochromatic
- ray
- flow
- sample liquid
- flow cytometer
- Prior art date
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- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 14
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1468—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle
- G01N15/147—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle the analysis being performed on a sample stream
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N2015/1006—Investigating individual particles for cytology
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N2015/1493—Particle size
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/07—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission
- G01N2223/076—X-ray fluorescence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flow cytometer, and more particularly to a flow cytometer suitable for use in elemental analysis.
- flow cytometry is a method of quantifying scattered light and fluorescence generated by applying a suspension of a labeled substance to a high-speed water stream and irradiating the high-speed water stream with laser light or mercury light. Therefore, it is a technique to accurately measure the amount and size of the target substance and to sort particles such as cells to be measured.
- flow cytometer An instrument that performs such flow cytometry is called a “flow cytometer”.
- flow cytometry is a method of analyzing and studying each cell by, for example, flowing and measuring a cell suspension at high speed.
- a particle-containing solution such as cells is flowed and irradiated with laser light to measure the size and internal structure of each particle such as cells from the scattering intensity.
- the fluorescence from the fluorescent label of the particles such as cells is counted simultaneously and the difference in intensity and color.
- the amount of each protein can be replaced with fluorescence intensity, and the “increase / decrease in biological material” in one cell group can be measured. Because it becomes.
- the conventional flow cytometer cannot directly measure the element and handle it as a parameter.
- flow cytometry using conventional flow cytometers does not provide information on elements, and other methods can only indicate the increase or decrease in content at the tissue level. There is a problem that the mechanism of the mechanism and phenomenon has not yet been elucidated.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems with respect to the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to enable direct measurement of elements and particles such as cells.
- the purpose of this study is to provide a flow cytometer that can obtain correlations between various elements.
- the present invention can improve the flow cytometer, which is currently widely used in the analysis of particles such as cells, to greatly improve its performance and measure elements.
- correlation between various elements in particles such as cells can be obtained.
- a conventional flow cytometer flows a solution containing particles such as cells and irradiates it with a laser beam to measure the size and internal structure of each particle such as cells from the scattering intensity.
- the correlation distribution is analyzed for the amount of specific proteins and DNA contained in particles such as cells.
- the flow cytometer according to the present invention makes it possible to analyze the correlation between various elements in particles such as cells by directly measuring the amount of the element, not the dye.
- monochromatic X-rays for example, high-intensity hard X-rays, which do not use a conventional laser as a light source for excitation, can be used in various kinds of particles such as cells.
- fluorescent X-rays from various elements it was possible to directly measure the amount of elements, not dyes, and analyze the correlation between various elements in particles such as cells.
- the present invention provides a sample liquid flow generating means for generating a sample liquid flow by flowing a sample liquid containing a measurement object at a predetermined flow rate, and a sample liquid flow generated by the sample liquid flow generating means.
- a monochromatic X-ray irradiating means for irradiating a measuring object inside with a monochromatic X-ray, and the monochromatic X-ray irradiating means comprising the monochromatic X-ray irradiated to the measuring object.
- a fluorescent X-ray detection means for detecting fluorescent X-rays emitted from the element.
- the beam diameter of the monochromatic X-ray irradiated from the monochromatic X-ray irradiating means to the measurement object is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the present invention provides a monochromatic X-ray irradiated from the monochromatic X-ray irradiating means to the measurement object.
- the incident energy of the beam is between 0. IKeV and 16 KeV.
- the sample liquid flow generating means causes the sample liquid flow to flow in the tube, and the monochromatic X-ray irradiation means irradiates the measurement object in the tube with the monochromatic X-ray.
- the diameter is 20 to 500 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual configuration explanatory diagram of a flow cytometer according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an element signal (SDD spectrum for one cell) obtained by flow cytometry using a flow cytometer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a histogram showing the correlation between elements.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a histogram showing the correlation between elements.
- FIG. 1 shows a conceptual configuration explanatory diagram of a flow cytometer according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- This flow cytometer 10 is a flow as a sample liquid flow generating means for generating a sample liquid flow by flowing a sample liquid containing particles such as cells to be measured (hereinafter referred to as “specimen”) at a predetermined flow rate.
- monochromatic X-ray irradiation system 14 as monochromatic X-ray irradiation means for irradiating a specimen in a sample flow of a predetermined flow velocity generated by flow system 12 and monochromatic X-ray irradiation system 14
- X-ray detector 16 as X-ray detection means for detecting irradiated transmitted and scattered X-rays, and monochromatic X-rays irradiated from monochromatic X-ray irradiation system 14 constitute the sample.
- Each elemental force X-ray fluorescence detection system 18 as a fluorescent X-ray detection means for detecting emitted fluorescent X-rays and a sample in a sample liquid flow with a predetermined flow rate generated by the flow system 12 are irradiated with laser light.
- Laser light Laser light irradiation system 20 as a irradiating means, and forward scattered light detection as a forward scattered light detecting means for detecting forward scattered light of the laser light accompanying irradiation of the laser light irradiated from the laser light irradiating system 20 to the specimen
- the sample liquid flow at a predetermined flow rate generated by the light detection system 26 for detecting the light emission of the labeling dye of the sample accompanying the irradiation of the laser light emitted from the laser light irradiation system 20 and the flow system 12 And a fractionation system 28 for fractionating a predetermined specimen therein.
- the flow system 12 can use a conventionally known system except for the configuration of the tube 12d described later, and the sample liquid storage container 12a, the flow cell 12b, and the sample liquid storage container that store the sample liquid
- the pipe 12c for transferring the sample liquid stored in the flow cell 12b to the flow cell 12b and the tube 12d through which the sample liquid flow flowing out from the flow cell 12b passes can be configured.
- the tube 12d does not absorb monochromatic X-rays emitted from the monochromatic X-ray irradiation system 14 and fluorescent X-rays emitted from each elemental force constituting the specimen, for example, capton (polyimide), mylar or It can be composed of a thin resin such as polyethylene.
- the tube 12d is not constituted by a thin resin such as Kapton (polyimide), Mylar, or polyethylene, only the portion irradiated with the monochromatic X-ray irradiated from the monochromatic X-ray irradiation system 14 of the tube 12d, for example, Thin beryllium may be composed of nitride nitride.
- the tube 12d is preferably made of a material that does not contain impurities that generate X-ray fluorescence noise.
- the size of the sample cells is 20 to 50 m, for example, about 20 to 50 / ⁇ ⁇ so that these sample cells can pass one by one. It is preferable that
- the diameter of the tube 12d may be 500 ⁇ m, for example, and may be any diameter between 20 and 500 ⁇ m.
- the tube 12d diameter exceeds 500 ⁇ m, the X-ray beam diameter cannot cover the tube 12d diameter, and the cells may be detached from the X-ray beam. Not very preferable! /.
- the monochromatic X-ray irradiation system 14 for example, an undulator (high-intensity) beam line of a synchrotron radiation facility (for example, SPring-8 belonging to the National Institute of Science and Technology) is used.
- a synchrotron radiation facility for example, SPring-8 belonging to the National Institute of Science and Technology
- the specimen in the tube 12d may be irradiated with high-intensity hard X-rays that are monochromatic X-rays emitted from this undulator (high-intensity) beam line.
- the beam diameter of the monochromatic X-ray when irradiating the specimen is, for example, 500 m or less, and more specifically, for example, appropriately set in the range of 0.1 to 500 / ⁇ ⁇ .
- the monochromatic X-ray beam diameter when irradiating the specimen is set to 500 m or less, for example. If the monochromatic X-ray beam diameter when irradiating the specimen is too large, unnecessary scattering occurs. This is because it causes noise.
- the photon density of the beam needs to be high. Therefore, it is inevitably preferable that the beam diameter of monochromatic X-rays is small.
- the size of the cell that serves as the specimen is about 20 to 50 ⁇ m, and is large enough to cover that size. It is also preferable that the sample cells flow in the tube 12d, so that position blurring occurs in the tube 12d, and the size of the blurring area is preferably covered. For this reason, for example, it is selected appropriately within a range of 500 m or less.
- the beam diameter of the monochromatic X-ray when irradiating the specimen may be set to 0.1 m, for example.
- the incident energy of the monochromatic X-ray beam to the specimen may be set as appropriate within a range of, for example, 16 KeV or less, more specifically, for example, 0.1 to 16 KeV.
- the incident energy of the monochromatic X-ray beam to the specimen is 16 KeV
- the inner shell of almost all elements from Mg to Pb can be excited in the periodic table of elements.
- the energy with high excitation efficiency which is not always sufficient if it is 16 KeV, differs depending on the element. Therefore, when focusing on an element, it is desirable to adjust the incident energy according to the absorption edge of the element. ,.
- the fluorescent X-ray detection system 18 is, for example, a silicon drift X-ray detector (SDD: silicon drift detector) that is an energy dispersive fluorescent X-ray detector. Can be configured.
- SDD silicon drift X-ray detector
- the forward scattered light detection system 22 and the side scattered light detection system 24 can be configured using, for example, a photodiode, and the light detection system 26 includes, for example, a condensing lens 26a, a dike port, and the like. It can be configured using a mirror 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e, a phone multiplier 26f, 26g, 26h, 26i, etc.
- the forward scattered light can be detected by the forward scattered light detection system 22, and the side scattered light is detected.
- Side scattered light can be detected by the system 24, light emission from the labeled dye of the specimen can be detected by the light detection system 26, and a predetermined specimen can be sorted by the sorting system 28.
- each element constituting the specimen can be measured as follows. In the following explanation, the case where a cell is used as a specimen is shown.
- the sample solution which is the sample (cell) in the tube 12d of the flow system 12
- the monochromatic X-ray irradiation system 14 applies a high-intensity monochrome X to the sample (cell) in the tube 12d. Irradiate the line.
- the fluorescent X-rays released from each element in the specimen (cell) due to the irradiation of the monochromatic X-rays are collectively detected by the fluorescent X-ray detection system 18.
- Mg, P, S, Cl, K Signal (SDD spectrum) force of most elements from Mg to Pb in the periodic table of elements such as Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pt, Hg, Pb, etc. S is what you get.
- SDD spectrum Signal (SDD spectrum) force of most elements from Mg to Pb in the periodic table of elements such as Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pt, Hg, Pb, etc. S is what you get.
- a histogram showing the correlation between element A and element B can be obtained, and the correlation between various elements, proteins, DNA, etc. Can be determined.
- the measurement time is a force that varies depending on the density of the element to be measured, for example, about 0.01 to about LO seconds per cell. This time of 0.01 ⁇ per cell is about LO seconds, which is enough time for taking SDD spectrum with SDD used as fluorescent X-ray detection system 18 for one cell, and statistics for one day. This is the time when hundreds of meaningful cells can be measured.
- the measurement time is about 0.01 to 10 seconds per cell, for example, 100 to 0.1 per second should be allowed to flow one specimen (cell).
- the monochromatic X-ray irradiated by the monochromatic X-ray irradiation system 14 has a weak interaction with the substance, so that the cell damage is small, so the specimen is not damaged. Accurate specimen information can be obtained.
- This flow cytometer 10 differs greatly from the conventionally known flow cytometers. First, by detecting fluorescent X-rays, a flow site that measures the “content of multiple elements” per many cells. It is in the point where a meter can be realized.
- fluorescence obtained by flow cytometry using a flow cytometer 10 X-ray elemental information is excellent in that it is additive-free information with no other elements added, and is information measured directly. Furthermore, flow cytometry using the flow cytometer 10 uses a measurement technique that is already guaranteed to be quantitative in terms of fluorescent X-ray analysis. It is also excellent in that it can be determined.
- Flow cytometry using such a flow cytometer 10 is used as follows, for example.
- the resistance mechanism of cancer cells to various anticancer agents may involve a specific element, but the cellular mechanism is unknown even when observed at the tissue level. Therefore, two groups of cancer cells with and without anticancer drug resistance are prepared, and the role of the specific element is clarified by correlating the specific element and the amount of the anticancer drug for each cell. To be able to elucidate.
- the target specimen (cell) can be separated and sorted by the sorting system 28 based on the “correlation distribution of element amounts in the cell group”.
- this is not limited to the force that can obtain the monochromatic X-rays irradiating the specimen with the beam line force of the synchrotron radiation facility (high brightness).
- a monochromatic X-ray light source that can be installed on a desktop may be used.
- laboratory (encapsulated or rotating anode) X-ray sources the X-ray intensity must be reduced.
- this can be dealt with by increasing the brightness (photon density) by emitting light in a wide area with a single beam and by increasing the measurement time.
- the force that allows the specimen to pass through the tube 12d is not limited to this, and the specimen is dropped without using the tube 12d. Also good. Further, in the above-described embodiment, it is possible to irradiate a single sample with a monochromatic X-ray for a predetermined time by adjusting the pressure in the tube 12d. When dripping, the force that allows the specimen to pass through the tube 12d is not limited to this, and the specimen is dropped without using the tube 12d. Also good. Further, in the above-described embodiment, it is possible to irradiate a single sample with a monochromatic X-ray for a predetermined time by adjusting the pressure in the tube 12d. When dripping
- a thin plastic film is wound around a rotating drum to prevent the X-ray intensity from drastically decreasing due to solvent absorption. If the specimen on the plastic film is irradiated with soft X-rays!
- the force described in the case where the measurement time is about 0.01 to 10 seconds per cell is not limited to this.
- 300 seconds per cell may be used.
- 200 cells can be measured per day. .
- the force described in the case of flowing 100 to 0.1 specimen (cell) per second is not limited to this.
- the measurement time is 300 seconds per cell, for example, it may flow at a rate of 0.003 or more.
- the present invention is expected to be used in the fields of biology and basic medicine (immunology, genetic engineering, protein engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, etc.) or in technical fields such as clinical medicine or drug discovery related to pathological diagnosis. It can be used for blood analysis, cell marker, cell experiment or pathological analysis.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/632,215 US20080069300A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2005-07-11 | Flow Cytometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-207518 | 2004-07-14 | ||
JP2004207518A JP2006029921A (ja) | 2004-07-14 | 2004-07-14 | フローサイトメーター |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006006551A1 true WO2006006551A1 (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
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ID=35783891
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/012732 WO2006006551A1 (ja) | 2004-07-14 | 2005-07-11 | フローサイトメーター |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US20080069300A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006029921A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006006551A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011145162A (ja) | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Japan Atomic Energy Agency | 流体中微粒子のx線検出法 |
US9341550B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2016-05-17 | On-Chip Biotechnologies Co., Ltd. | Method for detecting low concentrations of specific cell from high concentrations of cell populations, and method for collecting and analyzing detected cell |
US20150064722A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2015-03-05 | Shizuoka Prefecture | Method for detecting the degree of malignancy of each of the circulating tumor cells, and a kit for the same |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002080090A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-10 | Nelson Alan C | Apparatus and method for imaging small objects in a flow stream using optical tomography |
WO2003102564A2 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-11 | Xradia, Inc. | Element-specific x-ray fluorescence microscope using multiple imaging systems comprising a zone plate |
Family Cites Families (19)
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US4444317A (en) * | 1981-08-26 | 1984-04-24 | Georg Wick | Observation of immunofluorescene for distinguishing between specific and nonspecific binding of conjugates |
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JP2006029921A (ja) | 2006-02-02 |
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