WO2006001332A1 - スピン記録方法および装置 - Google Patents
スピン記録方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006001332A1 WO2006001332A1 PCT/JP2005/011534 JP2005011534W WO2006001332A1 WO 2006001332 A1 WO2006001332 A1 WO 2006001332A1 JP 2005011534 W JP2005011534 W JP 2005011534W WO 2006001332 A1 WO2006001332 A1 WO 2006001332A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spin
- isolated
- magnetic
- probe
- interaction
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/14—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/02—Recording, reproducing, or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B9/00—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B9/12—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using near-field interactions; Record carriers therefor
- G11B9/14—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using near-field interactions; Record carriers therefor using microscopic probe means, i.e. recording or reproducing by means directly associated with the tip of a microscopic electrical probe as used in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy [STM] or Atomic Force Microscopy [AFM] for inducing physical or electrical perturbations in a recording medium; Record carriers or media specially adapted for such transducing of information
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B2005/0002—Special dispositions or recording techniques
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spin recording method and apparatus using isolated spin.
- Magnetic recording methods include a longitudinal recording method in which the magnetic field direction of the recording medium is parallel to the traveling direction of the magnetic head, and a perpendicular recording method perpendicular to the traveling direction of the magnetic head.
- the longitudinal recording method is said to be approaching its limit due to the accumulation and improvement of force technology, which is a general magnetic recording method, over many years.
- the perpendicular recording method is a magnetic recording method that has recently been put into practical use, and is expected to be advantageous for high-density recording because the bit stability increases as the recording density increases (non- Patent Document 1).
- the perpendicular recording method has the advantage that stable magnetization can be obtained at a high density compared to the longitudinal recording method because an attractive force acts between adjacent recording bits.
- recording media that are capable of high-density recording are available. — Cr alloy media and amorphous media with high thermal stability have been developed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Toshiji Takeno, Yasushi Sakai, Kazuo Enomoto, Tadaaki Oikawa, Sadayuki Watanabe, Hiroyuki Uezumi, Takehito Shimazu, Hiroaki Muraoka, Keio Nakamura, "CoPtCr-Si02 Dara-Yura-One Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Medium” Journal of Japan Society of Applied Magnetics Vol. 27, No. 9, 2003
- An object of the present invention is to provide a spin recording method and apparatus that can form a stable bit on an atomic and molecular scale and greatly improve the recording density.
- information is written as a state of an isolated spin in a paramagnetic material having an isolated spin that exhibits anisotropy of the spin due to spin-orbit interaction due to an orbital force caused by a crystal field. I made it. For paramagnetic materials that have V ⁇ isolated spins that do not interact with spins on adjacent lattices, and the isolated spins have a specific orientation due to spin-orbit interaction with the crystal field. The information was written as the state of the isolated spin.
- FIG. 1A schematically shows an example of a general state (magnetic moment) of a spin in a paramagnet
- FIG. 1B shows an isolated spin state (magnetic) with respect to a crystal field in the present invention.
- (Moment) schematically showing an example
- FIG. 2 Read Z write using a magnetic probe in one embodiment of the present invention. Diagram for explaining the method
- Fig. 3 Fig. 3A schematically shows a reading process using a magnetic probe
- Fig. 3B schematically shows a writing process using a magnetic probe.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a read Z write method using a spin probe according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A schematically shows a reading process using a spin probe
- FIG. 5B schematically shows a writing process using a spin probe.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a structure of a RAM according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 A diagram for explaining a reading method in the RAM.
- the present invention provides a novel memory that takes into account the incomplete shell electronic state, atomic magnetic moment, and magnetic anisotropy energy of a transition metal atom (ion) of a paramagnetic compound and uses the atomic magnetic moment. About. In this specification, this new memory will be called “spin memory”.
- the present inventor has found that it is necessary to form stable bits on an atomic / molecular scale in order to improve the recording density.
- isolated spins that occur periodically inside or on the surface of a specific substance and have a specific direction with respect to a crystal field exhibiting magnetic anisotropy have interaction with spins on adjacent lattices). I found that it is sufficient to use no spin).
- the present invention focuses on the point that isolated spins have a specific direction with respect to a crystal field in a specific material, and detects or reverses the state of isolated spins (magnetic moment).
- the memory is read and written with a bit.
- a compound single crystal containing transition metal atoms (ions) that are sufficiently separated from each other in the single crystal exhibits paramagnetism, and each transition metal atom (ion) has its incomplete shell.
- each transition metal atom (ion) has magnetic anisotropy due to the influence of the crystal field.
- transition metal atoms (ions) of paramagnetic compounds basically have independent magnetic moments and magnetic anisotropies.
- the present invention records, reads, and rewrites information (signals) using the atomic magnetic moment of magnetic atoms (ions) near the surface of paramagnetic crystals containing transition metal atoms (ions). This is the memory that performs the operation.
- the atomic magnetic moment is the total magnetic moment generated by electrons on the atom, that is, the magnetic moment generated by the sum of the spin angular momentum and the orbital angular momentum of all electrons on the atom.
- a material is selected as a material for the spin memory: a) a paramagnetic material, b) strong magnetic anisotropy at the operating temperature (preferably normal temperature), c) a material having an isolated spin.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram schematically showing an example of a general spin state (magnetic moment) in a paramagnetic material
- FIG. 1B is an example of an isolated spin state (magnetic moment) with respect to a crystal field. It is a figure shown typically.
- a paramagnetic material is used as the material of the spin memory.
- a paramagnetic material is a magnetic material that generates a magnetic field in the direction of a working magnetic field.
- the interaction between atomic magnetic moments is weak, and the arrangement is random due to thermal disturbance, which does not produce a net magnetic moment as a solid, but captures a magnetic field from the outside.
- the atomic magnetic moment is slightly oriented in the direction of the magnetic field, and as a whole magnetizes in the direction of the magnetic field.
- spin 1 can be directed in any direction, as shown in Fig. 1A.
- the orbital energy differs depending on the crystal field, and when the direction of the spin lattice (crystal field) is caused by the spin-orbit interaction, the magnetic anisotropy (spin direction and A panning direction is generated, and it can be used as a spin memory.
- the electron configuration (electronic state) of the LS multiplet the state with the lowest energy (ground state) is determined by Hund's law. According to Hunt's law, (a) —in one electron configuration, the multiplet with the largest S has the lowest energy, and (b) there are multiple multiplets that give the largest S, then L The biggest one is the lowest! It has energy.
- the incomplete shell of the transition metal atom (ion) is an iron group transition metal (3d n ) or a rare earth transition metal (4f n )
- the inter-electron Coulomb interaction is larger than the spin-orbit interaction.
- n means the number of electrons in each orbit (3d or 4f orbit).
- the number of electrons (n) entering this orbit is less than half (5) of the maximum number of electrons (10) that can enter this orbit.
- the spin-orbit interaction acts as a plus.
- the electron arrangement of the multiplet is expressed using a spectroscopic symbol 2 S + 1 L.
- L 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... the symbols S, P, D, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, ... It is done.
- the crystal field has the meaning of substantially shifting the equilibrium of the spin electronic state, the density of electrons (more precisely, both electrons and spins) is generated in the crystal, resulting in the formation of an electric field. Is done.
- This crystal field has symmetry due to the spatial arrangement of ions.
- the orbital angular momentum of electrons reflects such crystal field symmetry, and degenerates as the symmetry decreases.
- Rare earth (4f) transition metal (ion) is generally V because it directly reflects crystal field symmetry through orbital angular momentum L, but has a large magnetic anisotropy.
- Miyoban and Tutton salt There are many series of double salts called Miyoban and Tutton salt. Paramagnetic compounds have been measured for magnetism, as exemplified in Table 1 below, from measurements of paramagnetic susceptibility and experiments of paramagnetic resonance absorption. Table 1 shows in particular the paramagnetism of transition metal ions.
- the magnetic susceptibility is an amount defined by dMZdH when a substance is placed in a magnetic field H and a magnetic field generated when the substance is M is M. Since both M and H are vectors, the magnetic susceptibility is defined by the second-order tensor quantity. Depending on the direction, the way of magnetism will be different. Magnetic susceptibility is also a function of temperature.
- g represents a g factor, and is an amount that generally indicates correction with a value obtained from approximate theory.
- the magnetic rotation ratio is indicated. Usually around 2.
- the element in the axial direction is expressed as g
- the fine structure factor of D represents a fine structure of energy levels. If the value of D (absolute value) is large, it is possible that V, ⁇ , and ⁇ interact.
- the magnetic anisotropy symmetric in the axial direction is strong, and the substance is a candidate for a spin memory material.
- in the axial direction and an element g perpendicular to the axis or a material having a large absolute value of the fine structure factor D is ideal as a material for a spin memory.
- the crystal structure of miyoban is a cubic crystal with a small magnetic anisotropy.
- Tutton salt is an orthorhombic crystal, and its symmetry is C 5 —P2 / a.
- the D parameter of uniaxial anisotropy is proportional to the square 2 of the parameter of LS coupling, and ⁇ is 10 2 cm _1 .
- D is the second perturbation term ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ LS of LS coupling, It is about l ⁇ 10cm _1.
- the equivalent magnetic field of uniaxial anisotropy energy is Ha ⁇ DS Vg ⁇ S ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ 5 G.
- one or several transition metal atoms (ions) are contained in a space of about 1 nm 3 .
- the temperature of the spin system tends to be in thermal equilibrium with the lattice system. This time is called the spin lattice relaxation time ⁇ .
- reading Z writing can be performed using, for example, a spin probe or a magnetic probe.
- a spin probe is a probe having a spin-polarized probe at the tip, and a magnetic probe is a probe having a magnetic material or the like at the tip.
- the spin probe has no leakage magnetic field, but the magnetic probe has a leakage magnetic field.
- the force acting between the probe and the substrate in the region where the spin orientation and the probe orientation are restored when the spin probe or magnetic probe is brought close to and separated from the spin oriented on the substrate Measure the force in advance, measure this force on the bit of the spin memory, and compare it with the force measured in advance. At this time, if the attractive force is easy to work, the orientation of both is antiparallel, and conversely, if the repulsive force is strong, the orientation of both is considered to be parallel. These forces can be observed directly with an atomic force microscope or probe microscope. By detecting the spin orientation in this way, bits can be read out.
- the probe For writing, the probe is brought closer to the substrate (for example, about the interatomic distance in the substrate) and more strongly interacted than in the case of reading. As a result, the probe becomes a spin reservoir, the spin is supplied to the substrate, and the isolated spin on the substrate is inverted in the direction of the spin of the probe. Bits can be written using this process. At this time, the isolated spin is easily inverted by raising the substrate temperature.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a read Z write method using a magnetic probe.
- the magnetic probe 11 is provided with a magnetic body 13 at the tip.
- magnetic field lines are generated between the magnetic probe 11 and the spin 1 of the surface atom.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram schematically showing a reading process using the magnetic probe 11.
- the spin 1 of the surface atom and the spin 15 of the magnetic probe 11 The force of interaction varies depending on the direction.
- the interaction between the magnetic field of the magnetic probe 11 and the spin 1 of the surface atom is measured.
- the dashed line 17 in Figure 3A shows the measured interaction.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram schematically showing a writing process using the magnetic probe 11.
- writing is performed when the magnetic probe 11 is brought closer to the surface than at the time of reading and the magnetic field of the magnetic probe 11 is close enough to be reversed on a specific spin lb to be written.
- it is necessary to keep a distance from the spins other than the write target so that they are not reversed.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a read Z write method using a spin probe.
- the spin probe 21 is provided with a spin-polarized probe 23 at the tip. In this method, no magnetic field lines are generated between the spin probe 21 and the spin 1 of the surface atom.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram schematically showing a reading process using the spin probe 21.
- the interaction force differs depending on the direction of the spin 1 of the surface atom and the direction of the spin (probe) 23 of the spin probe 21.
- the interaction between the spin 23 of the spin probe 21 and the spin 1 of the surface atom is measured. If both orientations are parallel, repulsive exchange interaction works, and if both orientations are antiparallel, attractive exchange interaction works. Dashed line 25 in FIG. 5A shows the measured interaction.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram schematically showing a writing process using the spin probe 21.
- the spin probe 21 when the spin probe 21 is moved closer to the surface than when reading, and the spin probe 21 of the spin probe 21 interacts with the spin 1 of the surface atom to push the repulsive force and bring the spin probe 21 closer. Then, the specific spin lb to be written is inverted and writing is performed. However, it is necessary to keep the distance from the spins other than the write target so that they are not reversed.
- RAM which is a semiconductor memory that can electrically read and write data at any time
- RAM is a semiconductor memory that can electrically read and write data at any time
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a RAM to which the present invention is applied.
- This RAM is based on Two sets of nanowires 33 and 35 are provided on the plate 31 so as to cross each other! RU
- the nanowires 33 and 35 are, for example, carbon nanotubes.
- the spin 1 on the substrate 31 is reversed by the magnetic field generated by passing a current through the nanowires 33 and 35.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a main part for explaining a writing method in the RAM to which the present invention is applied.
- a current is applied to the nanowire 33 in the direction A shown in the figure
- a magnetic field is generated in the direction of the white arrow 37.
- the magnetic field at the intersection of the nanowires 33 and 35 is strengthened, and the spin at the intersection (write target) lb can be inverted.
- it is necessary to control the magnitude of the current so that spins other than those to be written do not invert.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a reading method in the RAM to which the present invention is applied. Reading is performed in a direction perpendicular to the thin film.
- an electrode is provided to each bit 1 on the substrate 31 constituting the memory body, and a current flowing through each bit 1 is detected by a circuit 39 including the electrode.
- Each circuit 39 includes an ammeter 41 and a power source 43. If the substrate 31 having magnetic anisotropy in the direction indicated by the arrow 3 and the spin of the read target bit lb are parallel, the current flows, and if it is antiparallel, the current does not flow easily. Each bit can be read by.
- paramagnetic spins according to the present invention can be used in place of all magnetic devices other than those that use a huge magnetic moment (for example, an electromagnet or a motor). That's right.
- the spin recording method and apparatus according to the present invention are useful as a spin recording method and apparatus capable of forming stable bits on the atomic / molecular scale and greatly improving the recording density.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
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JP2006528587A JPWO2006001332A1 (ja) | 2004-06-25 | 2005-06-23 | スピン記録方法および装置 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007179710A (ja) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-12 | Hokkaido Univ | スピン記録方法および装置 |
WO2013038281A1 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Antiferromagnetic storage device |
WO2022180929A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-01 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 量子ビットアレイ及び量子コンピュータ |
Citations (2)
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JPH1194857A (ja) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-04-09 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 走査型トンネル顕微鏡を用いたサンプル表面の電子スピン状態の制御方法及びそのビット読み出し方法 |
JP2004507104A (ja) * | 2000-08-22 | 2004-03-04 | プレジデント・アンド・フェローズ・オブ・ハーバード・カレッジ | ドープされた細長い半導体、そのような半導体の成長、そのような半導体を含んだデバイス、およびそのようなデバイスの製造 |
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JP3571756B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-08 | 2004-09-29 | 株式会社東芝 | スピン偏極stm装置 |
JPH09218213A (ja) * | 1995-12-07 | 1997-08-19 | Sony Corp | 極微小磁区観察方法と極微小磁区観察装置 |
JP3848119B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-27 | 2006-11-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | 磁気抵抗効果を用いた不揮発固体メモリ |
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2005
- 2005-06-23 JP JP2006528587A patent/JPWO2006001332A1/ja active Pending
- 2005-06-23 WO PCT/JP2005/011534 patent/WO2006001332A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
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JPH1194857A (ja) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-04-09 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 走査型トンネル顕微鏡を用いたサンプル表面の電子スピン状態の制御方法及びそのビット読み出し方法 |
JP2004507104A (ja) * | 2000-08-22 | 2004-03-04 | プレジデント・アンド・フェローズ・オブ・ハーバード・カレッジ | ドープされた細長い半導体、そのような半導体の成長、そのような半導体を含んだデバイス、およびそのようなデバイスの製造 |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007179710A (ja) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-12 | Hokkaido Univ | スピン記録方法および装置 |
WO2013038281A1 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Antiferromagnetic storage device |
US8724376B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2014-05-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Antiferromagnetic storage device |
GB2508527A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2014-06-04 | Ibm | Antiferromagnetic storage device |
GB2508527B (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2015-02-11 | Ibm | Antiferromagnetic storage device |
US9343130B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2016-05-17 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Antiferromagnetic storage device |
US9437269B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2016-09-06 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Antiferromagnetic storage device |
DE112012003852B4 (de) | 2011-09-15 | 2021-08-05 | Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. | Antiferromagnetische Speichereinheit |
WO2022180929A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-01 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 量子ビットアレイ及び量子コンピュータ |
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