WO2005117182A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005117182A1 WO2005117182A1 PCT/JP2005/009319 JP2005009319W WO2005117182A1 WO 2005117182 A1 WO2005117182 A1 WO 2005117182A1 JP 2005009319 W JP2005009319 W JP 2005009319W WO 2005117182 A1 WO2005117182 A1 WO 2005117182A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- cell system
- fuel
- electrodes
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1217—Alcohols
- C01B2203/1223—Methanol
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/30—Fuel cells in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04626—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and more particularly, to a technique for estimating a remaining power generation time of a fuel cell system.
- a fuel cell is a technique for generating electric power using a chemical reaction of hydrogen or methanol. What is called a battery In fact, it is better to call it a power generator. Fuel cells have low environmental impact because they do not generate carbon dioxide by burning fuel such as gas or petroleum, and have a very high power generation efficiency because they directly convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electric energy. It has good and good characteristics. For this reason, fuel cells are expected to be a major source of energy for the next generation.
- the hydrogen-driven fuel cell refers to a cell that supplies hydrogen directly to the cation exchange membrane to generate power.
- the direct methanol type the dehydrogenation reaction of methanol also directly draws electricity.
- Hydrogen-driven fuel cells include a method of storing hydrogen directly as a fuel directly in a tank to carry, and a method of carrying hydrogen in the form of a hydrogen storage alloy, water, methanol, etc., and extracting and using hydrogen therefrom. It is already well known.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-221201 discloses a technology for generating hydrogen by reacting water and a metal alloy.
- JP-A-2003-306301 also discloses a technique for removing hydrogen by subjecting aromatic compounds to dehydrogenation and oxidation using a catalyst.
- the user needs to know how long the fuel cell can generate power. Otherwise, electronic equipment that uses a fuel cell as a power source would suddenly stop running out of battery and be inconvenient. This is not a problem if the fuel cell is installed on the ground and is always supplied with fuel such as city gas. Also, the fuel cell is the power source of the car If the fuel tank is of a relatively large type, such as by using a fuel tank, a method of measuring the fuel remaining amount by incorporating a fuel gauge or a gas pressure sensor into the fuel tank and estimating the remaining power generation time is possible. Conceivable. However, when a fuel cell is used as a power source for a small portable electronic device, the fuel cell itself must be small and inexpensive.
- the present invention is a technique for estimating the remaining power generation time, which is applicable to a small fuel cell used as a power source of a small electronic device such as a mobile phone or a portable computer. It was made in an attempt to develop.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell, a fuel used directly or indirectly in the fuel cell, and an electric property of a substance inside the fuel cell using the fuel cell.
- a method for estimating the remaining time in which the fuel or the hydrogen produced by the fuel cell can be supplied to the fuel cell in a fuel cell system provided with a module having a variable Z and a characteristic. Providing a plurality of electrodes inside the module, measuring electrical and Z or physical properties between at least two of the plurality of electrodes, and determining the remaining time from the result of the measurement. It is characterized by estimation.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell, a fuel used directly or indirectly in the fuel cell, and an electric property of a substance inside the fuel cell using the fuel. And in a fuel cell system having a module with a variable Z or characteristic, a warning is given that the remaining time for supplying the fuel or hydrogen produced from the fuel to the fuel cell is low. Providing a plurality of electrodes inside the module, measuring electrical and Z or physical properties between at least two of the plurality of electrodes, and determining that the measured value is equal to or greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold. The warning is issued when the condition becomes.
- the electrical property is a small one of resistance, capacitance, inductance and impedance. There can be at least one.
- the physical property may be at least one of magnetic susceptibility, expansion coefficient, and morphology.
- the fuel cell system when the fuel cell system is a fuel cell system of a type that generates hydrogen by a chemical reaction between the fuel and a reaction catalyst, the fuel cell system includes one of the plurality of electrodes. At least two electrodes are provided so that the reaction catalyst is located between the two electrodes, and the electric and Z or physical properties between the electrodes that change due to a chemical change of the reaction catalyst are provided. It can be configured to measure.
- the fuel cell system includes a fuel storage unit for storing the fuel, and supplies the fuel to the fuel cell cell directly or from the fuel storage unit after reforming.
- At least two of the plurality of electrodes are provided in the fuel storage so that the fuel exists between the two electrodes, and It may be configured to measure the electrical and Z or physical properties that vary depending on the amount of the fuel remaining in the fuel.
- the electrode is provided in the housing. Can be.
- the present invention relates to a power supply contact for supplying electric power to the outside, a fuel used directly or indirectly in the fuel cell unit, and an inner part associated with the use of the fuel.
- a module that changes the electrical and Z properties of a substance, and two electrodes installed inside the module for measuring the electrical and Z or physical properties between the two electrodes A fuel cell system comprising: two electrodes; and two probe contacts electrically connected to each of the two electrodes to provide conduction between the two electrodes.
- the electrical property may be at least one of resistance, capacitance, inductance, and impedance.
- the physical property is at least one of magnetic susceptibility, expansion coefficient, and morphology.
- the probe contact may be provided on a housing of the module.
- the power supply contact and the probe contact are provided on a housing of the fuel cell system.
- the power supply contact and the plug are provided together in a single connector.
- the fuel cell system includes a hydrogen generator for extracting hydrogen from a fuel cell used in the fuel cell system, and the two electrodes are installed in the hydrogen generator. It is characterized by being performed.
- the hydrogen generation unit may include a fuel inlet for taking in the fuel from another part of the fuel cell system, and a hydrogen inlet generated by the chemical reaction to the other part of the fuel cell system. And a hydrogen outlet for discharging to another different part.
- the hydrogen generator is provided with a reaction catalyst that causes a chemical reaction with the fuel to generate hydrogen from the fuel.
- the two electrodes are provided so that the reaction catalyst is located between the two electrodes.
- one of the two electrodes forms a part of an outer wall on one end side of the hydrogen generator, and the other of the two electrodes forms an outer wall on the other end side of the hydrogen generator. It can be configured to form a part and to have an insulating layer between one end and the other end of the outer wall.
- the inner surface of the outer wall of the hydrogen generator may be covered with an insulating layer. At least one of the two electrodes may have an insulating layer on a surface.
- the hydrogen generation unit includes a support member that supports the reaction catalyst.
- This support member can be made of any of metal, carbon, conductive polymer, and conductive ceramics. Further, the support member can have any of a mesh, a lattice, and a porous structure. Further, the support member has conductivity and can be configured to be used as one of the two electrodes.
- the reaction catalyst is attached to the support member such that a portion thereof does not contact the fuel while facing the support member, and another portion different from the portion is provided.
- the fuel cell is attached to the support member so as to be in direct contact with the fuel.
- the reaction catalyst is detachably attached to the water. Installed in the prime generator.
- the hydrogen generator is provided with a catalyst that promotes a hydrogen generation reaction that generates hydrogen by changing the fuel itself.
- At least one of the two electrodes may be configured to form part of an outer wall of the hydrogen generator.
- one of the two electrodes forms a part of an outer wall on one end side of the hydrogen generating unit, and the other of the two electrodes forms a part of an outer wall on the other end side of the hydrogen generating unit, It may be configured such that an insulating layer is provided between one end side and the other end side of the outer wall.
- At least one of the two electrodes may be provided with an insulating layer on the surface, the insulating layer comprising paper, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, aromatics and fatty acids. Materials consisting of at least one of group polyamides, polyurethanes, polyimides, phenolic resins, liquid crystal polymers, PPS, epoxy resins, PEEK, or PES can be used. Further, there is an embodiment characterized in that the catalyst has a lattice-like or Z- and porous structure. Further, the hydrogen generator may be configured to be detachably attached to another part of the fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system may include a housing for housing the fuel used for the fuel cell system, and the plurality of electrodes may be installed in the housing.
- at least one of the two electrodes can be configured to form a part of the outer wall of the housing.
- one of the two electrodes forms a part of an outer wall on one end side of the housing section, and the other of the two electrodes forms a part of an outer wall on the other end side of the housing section, May be provided with an insulating layer between one end side and the other end side.
- the storage section may include a holding member that holds the fuel therein and a support member that supports the holding member.
- the support member is mesh-shaped, It is preferable to have either a child shape or a porous structure. Further, it is preferable that the support member has conductivity and is used as one of the two electrodes.
- the housing portion can be configured to be detachably attached to another portion of the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention is characterized in that it is portable.
- the present invention is used together with the above-disclosed fuel cell system according to the present invention, and a main body-side probe contact electrically connected to the probe contact; An electronic device having a power receiving contact electrically connected to the power supply contact.
- the body-side probe contact and the power receiving contact may be provided collectively in one connector.
- the present invention is used together with the fuel cell system according to the present invention disclosed above, and is connected to the probe contact to form a gap between the two electrodes.
- An electronic device comprising: a measuring unit for measuring electric and Z or physical properties; and an estimating unit for estimating a remaining power generation time of the fuel cell based on a result of the measurement.
- the present invention measures the electrical and Z or physical properties of the fuel cell system disclosed above and the gap between the two electrodes by connecting to the probe contact.
- An electronic device comprising: a measuring unit; and an estimating unit that estimates a remaining power generation time of the fuel cell system based on a result of the measurement.
- the estimating unit when the estimating unit estimates that the remaining power generation time of the fuel cell system is short, it may be configured to warn the user of the electronic device of the shortage.
- the estimating unit may be configured to turn off the power of the electronic device when estimating that the remaining power generation time of the fuel cell system is short.
- the electronic device according to the present invention is portable, and in particular can be a mobile phone.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 2 includes a fuel cell 4, a measuring unit 6, and an estimating unit 8.
- the fuel cell 4 includes an electrode installation part 10 and a fuel cell 12.
- the electrode installation section 10 includes electrodes 14 and 16 and accommodates various fuels and reaction catalysts depending on the type of the fuel cell 4.
- the electrodes 14 and 16 are provided in a space 18 between these electrodes in the fuel or reaction catalyst. It is set up to exist.
- the electrodes 14 and 16 are electrically connected to probe contacts 20 and 22 provided on the housing of the fuel cell 4, respectively.
- the fuel cell 12 is a part that generates electric power from a chemical reaction. Depending on the type of fuel cell, the fuel cell 12 may extract electricity from a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, or may extract electricity through an oxidation reaction of methanol. In some cases.
- the generated power is supplied to the entire fuel cell system 2 from a power supply contact 24 provided on the casing of the fuel cell 4.
- the measuring section 6 is electrically connected to the electrodes 14 and 16 through the probe contacts 20 and 22 and includes a measuring device for measuring electric properties between these electrodes, for example, resistance, capacitance, and impedance. .
- the estimating unit 8 controls the measuring unit 6 and causes the measuring unit 6 to measure the electrical properties between the electrodes 14 and 16.
- the amount of fuel present in the space 18 between the electrodes 14 and 16, the chemical properties of the fuel, the chemical properties of the reaction catalyst, and the like change. Therefore, as the fuel cell 4 continues to generate power, the electric resistance, capacitance, dielectric constant, and the like of the space 18 change. Therefore, if a measuring instrument such as an ohmmeter or an impedance measuring instrument is connected to the probe contacts 20 and 22, and the electrical resistance, capacitance, and impedance between the electrodes 14 and 16 are measured over time, power generation can be continued. The change in the electrical properties of the space 18 due to the physical properties can be captured.
- the estimating unit 8 controls the measuring unit 6 to perform such a measurement over time, and receives measured values from the measuring unit 6 over time. Then, the estimating unit 8 estimates the remaining time during which the fuel or the hydrogen with the fuel power is supplied to the fuel cell 12 from the change in the received measurement value. Since this remaining time is directly related to the possible power generation time of the fuel cell 4, the estimating unit 8 estimates the possible power generation time of the fuel cell 4.
- the above-mentioned electrodes can be installed in the place where the change is most easily detected depending on the type of the fuel cell. preferable.
- a reaction catalyst catalyst metal
- the reaction catalyst is oxidized over time and Since the electrical and physical properties change, electrodes can also be installed where the reaction catalyst is installed.
- the fuel cell is a direct methanol fuel cell
- an electrode should be installed in the fuel storage part because the fuel methanol decreases with time. More specific embodiments of the fuel cell to which the present invention is applied will be described later, together with preferred electrode structures.
- the accuracy with which the estimating unit 8 can estimate the remaining power generation time of the fuel cell varies depending on what changes with continuing power generation, and also depends on the shape, structure, and installation method of the electrode. come. However, at least the estimating unit 8 can estimate that when the measured value received from the measuring unit 6 becomes equal to or more than the predetermined threshold value or becomes equal to or less than the predetermined threshold value, the remaining power generation time is short. . If the available power generation time is running low, it is preferable to configure the fuel cell system 2 to warn the user of the fuel cell system 2 or to turn off the power of the fuel cell system 2. .
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the fuel cell system according to the present invention is applied to a mobile phone.
- Figure 2 shows a mobile phone using the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- the mobile phone 30 includes a display 32, an on-hook key 34, an off-hook key 36, a function key 38, a numeric key 40, and a fuel cell 42.
- the fuel cell 42 is equivalent to the fuel cell 4 in FIG.
- the fuel cell 42 can be separated from the main body of the mobile phone 30 as shown in FIG. 2 (b).
- a power supply contact 48 for supplying the power generated by the fuel cell 42 to the mobile phone 30 body is provided on a surface of the fuel cell 42 that contacts the mobile phone 30 main body (a power supply contact 48 for the power supply contact 24 of the fuel cell 4 in FIG. 1).
- a power receiving contact 44 for receiving power from a power supply contact 48 of the fuel cell 42, and a main body probe contact electrically connected to the probe contact 50. 46 is provided on the surface of the mobile phone 30 that comes into contact with the fuel cell 42.
- the mobile phone 30 is connected to the fuel cell 4 of FIG. 1 provided inside the fuel cell 42 through the main body side probe contact 46 and the probe contact 50 of the fuel cell 42.
- the power supply contact 48 and the probe contact 50 are the forces provided on the casing of the fuel cell 42. These contacts may be provided together in one connector. Further, the main body side of the mobile phone 30 may be provided with a connector in which the power receiving contact 44 and the main body side probe contact 46 are arranged correspondingly. As described above, if the connector for connecting the fuel cell and the electronic device has the power supply contact and the probe contact and is standardized including the shape and the like, there is a merit in cost.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a hardware configuration of the mobile phone 30.
- the mobile phone 30 includes a CPU 54, and the CPU 54 is connected to a baseband LSI 56, a keypad 60, a display 32, a RAM 64, and a ROM 66.
- An RF circuit 57 is connected to the baseband LSI 56, and an antenna 58 is connected to the RF circuit 57.
- the keypad 60 includes the on-hook key 34, the off-hook key 36, the function key 38, and the numeric keys 40 shown in FIG.
- the ROM 66 stores a program that the CPU 54 operates so as to control various functions of the mobile phone 30!
- the CPU 54 is further connected to a measuring unit 68 corresponding to the measuring unit 6 in FIG.
- the measuring section 68 is electrically connected to the fuel cell 42 through the main body side probe contact 46 and the fuel cell side probe contact 50 shown in FIG.
- the CPU 54 measures the electrical properties (resistance, capacitance, etc.) between the electrodes of the electrodes corresponding to the electrodes 14 and 16 of FIG. 1 provided inside the fuel cell 42 according to the program stored in the ROM 66. Have 68 check over time and receive the measurements. Further, the CPU 54 estimates the remaining power generation possible time of the fuel cell 42 from the measured value according to the program stored in the ROM 66. The estimation result is displayed on the display 32 and provided for the user of the mobile phone 30.
- the CPU 54 disables a specific function of the mobile phone 30 or turns off the power of the mobile phone 30 when the measured value becomes equal to or more than (or less than) a predetermined threshold value. That is, the estimating unit 8 in FIG. 1 is realized by a program stored in the CPU 54 and the ROM 66.
- Embodiment 1 the present invention is applied to a fuel cell of a type in which hydrogen is extracted by reacting a hydrogen supplier such as methanol or water with a reaction catalyst, and the extracted hydrogen is reacted with oxygen to generate electricity.
- a hydrogen supplier such as methanol or water
- the reaction catalyst used in this type of fuel cell is one that is itself oxidized by a chemical reaction with a hydrogen supplier.
- a “metal catalyst” is used.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a fuel cell according to the present embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
- the fuel cell 70 includes a fuel tank 72, a hydrogen generator 74, a power generator 76, a power supply contact 78, and a probe contact 80.
- the fuel tank 72 stores fuel such as water and alcohol.
- the hydrogen generator 74 includes a reaction catalyst, and generates hydrogen by a chemical reaction between the fuel supplied from the fuel tank and the reaction catalyst. In order to capture the chemical change of the reaction catalyst due to this chemical reaction, electrodes corresponding to the electrodes 14 and 16 in FIG.
- the probe contact 80 is a contact for providing continuity with these electrodes, and corresponds to the probe contacts 20 and 22 in FIG.
- the power generation unit 76 includes a fuel cell unit that generates electricity by a chemical reaction between hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen generation unit 74 and oxygen taken in from the outside.
- the generated electricity is supplied from the power supply contact 78 to the outside.
- the power supply contact 78 corresponds to the power supply contact 24 in FIG.
- the reaction catalyst used in the present example needs to generate hydrogen by a chemical reaction with a hydrogen supplier such as water or alcohol.
- metal reaction catalysts include nickel and its alloys, iron and its alloys, vanadium and its alloys, manganese and its alloys, titanium and its alloys, copper and its alloys, silver and its alloys, calcium and its alloys, zinc and its alloys Its alloys, zirconium and its alloys, cobalt and its alloys, chromium and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys are possible.
- Aluminum reacts with water at high temperature to produce hydrogen, and becomes aluminum itself. In consideration of safety and controllability, it is preferable to use zinc and its alloy, or a transition metal of zinc and its alloy.
- reaction catalysts are placed in the hydrogen generator 74 in the form of small particles. By doing so, the surface area of the reaction catalyst can be increased.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an installation mode of electrodes and a reaction catalyst installed in the hydrogen generation unit 74.
- FIG. 5 (a) shows the simplest embodiment, in which an electrode 84 and an electrode 86 are installed such that a reaction catalyst 88 is located therebetween.
- the left side of the figure also shows that when fuel such as water or alcohol enters, a chemical reaction occurs with the reaction catalyst 88, hydrogen is generated, and the right side of the figure exits. Since the reaction catalyst 88 is oxidized in this chemical reaction, the electric resistance of the reaction catalyst 88 increases as the reaction continues. Such a change in the electrical properties can be measured by connecting an ohmmeter or an impedance measuring instrument to the electrodes 84 and 86.
- the probe contact 80 shown in FIG. 4 provides electrical connection between the electrodes 84 and 86 and the outside of the fuel cell 70.
- insulating layers 90, 92 are provided between the electrodes 84, 86 and the reaction catalyst 88.
- the insulator thin paper, nonwoven fabric, polymer film, or the like can be used.
- the oxidized reaction catalyst also has the function of an insulating layer. Such an insulating layer suppresses unnecessary chemical reaction between the electrode and the fuel, and contributes to the stability of the hydrogen generator 74.
- a support member 93 for supporting the reaction catalyst 88 is provided between the electrode 86 and the reaction catalyst 88. Since the unnecessary movement of the reaction catalyst 88 is reduced by the support member 93, it is possible to more stably measure the electric properties between the electrodes 84 and 86. Stabilizing the reaction catalyst 88 is particularly important when the fuel cell is carried and used.
- a method such as an organic or inorganic fixing agent or sintering can be used.
- the support member 93 may be made of a conductive material, for example, metal, carbon, a conductive polymer, or a conductive ceramic. Needless to say, a substance having no conductivity may be used.
- the support member 93 may have a sponge-like or fabric-like structure, an activated carbon-like structure, or a porous structure. When the support member 93 has conductivity, it can be used as a substitute for the electrode 86.
- an insulating layer 94 is provided between the support member 93 and the reaction catalyst 88 in order to avoid unnecessary interaction between the support member 93 and the reaction catalyst 88. I have. It is desirable that the material used for the insulating layer 94 be stable even at high temperatures, such as polyimide resin and PPS. , Epoxy resin, PEEK, or metal oxide.
- an insulating layer 95 is further provided between the reaction catalyst 88 and the electrode 84.
- the same material as the insulating layer 94 can be used for the insulating layer 95. In such an embodiment, there is an advantage that the corrosion resistance of the electrode can be improved.
- the electrodes 84 and 86 are provided for measuring electrical properties such as resistance and capacitance between the electrodes by a measuring instrument electrically connected through the probe contacts 80.
- An ohmmeter or impedance measuring instrument can be used as the measuring instrument.
- the shape of the electrodes 84 and 86 may be various shapes such as a sheet shape as shown in FIG. 5, a mesh shape, a wire shape, and the like. It is also possible to consider an embodiment having the following.
- a gap 96 is provided between the reaction catalyst 88 and the insulating layer 95, and the fuel flows through the gap 96.
- the surface opposite to the facing surface of the gap 96 of the reaction catalyst 88 is attached to the insulating layer 94 of the support member 93 so as not to contact the fuel.
- the portion of the reaction catalyst 88 oxidized by the chemical reaction between the reaction catalyst 88 and the fuel also forms a layered surface force facing the gap 96 as indicated by reference numeral 98. Since it is conceivable, it can be expected that the change in the capacitance between the electrodes due to the progress of the chemical reaction will be smooth, and the remaining power generation remaining time of the fuel cell 70 will be easily estimated.
- the capacitance is suitable as the electrical property between the electrodes to be measured. If an alloy reaction catalyst with a thickness of 10 micrometers is sandwiched between two electrodes with a gap of 1 micrometer, the initial state capacitance is on the order of 10 pF. If the reaction catalyst for 5 micrometers is oxidized and the dielectric constant of the oxidized reaction catalyst is about 5, the capacitance at that time is 5 pF.
- FIG. 7 (a) shows an embodiment in the case of measuring the electric resistance as the electric property between the electrodes.
- a conductive reaction catalyst 100 is sandwiched between electrodes 84 and 86.
- the reaction catalyst 100 may be the same substance as the reaction catalyst 88, but in this embodiment, in order to increase the surface area of the reaction catalyst, the shape of the reaction catalyst 100 may be a small columnar shape as shown in FIG. In small granules Preferably, there is.
- the electric resistance between the electrode 84 and the electrode 86 is minimum.
- a cylinder with a radius lOnm and a height lmm has a resistance on the order of 1 megaohm.
- the reaction catalyst is oxidized from the surface, and the cross-sectional area of the conductive portion gradually decreases. Therefore, as the hydrogen generation reaction proceeds, the electric resistance between the electrode 84 and the electrode 86 gradually increases.
- the actual rate at which the electrical resistance increases varies depending on the material used for the reaction catalyst and the electrode and their shapes.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of an embodiment of the hydrogen generator 74.
- the hydrogen generator 104 in this embodiment has an upper housing 104 and a lower housing 105, and contains a reaction catalyst 108 therein.
- An electrode corresponding to the electrode 84 shown in FIG. 5 is incorporated in the upper housing 104, and an electrode corresponding to the electrode 86 is incorporated in the lower housing 105.
- the upper case 104 and the lower case 105 are insulated by a gasket 114.
- the hydrogen generator 104 includes a fuel inlet 110 for taking in fuel to react with the reaction catalyst 108 and a hydrogen outlet 112 for discharging hydrogen.
- An insulating layer may be provided on the inner surfaces of the upper housing 104 and the lower housing 105.
- the electrodes incorporated in the upper housing 104 and the lower housing 105 are each electrically connected to the probe contacts 80 (FIG. 4).
- FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the hydrogen generator 74.
- the hydrogen generator 120 in this embodiment includes a metal housing 121 that covers the entire hydrogen generator 120, a fuel inlet 122 and a hydrogen outlet 124 similar to those in the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the metal housing 121 plays a role corresponding to the electrode 84 shown in FIG. Its inner surface is covered with an insulating layer 126 corresponding to the insulating layer 95 in FIG.
- a support member 128 made of a metal mesh is installed inside the housing, and a reaction catalyst 130 is held in a net of the support member 128.
- the support member 128 plays a role corresponding to the support member 93 in FIG. 5 and also plays a role of the electrode 86 in FIG.
- the surface of the support member 128 is covered with an insulating layer 132.
- the housing 121 is provided with a gasket 134, and a conductive wire 136 electrically connected to the support member 128 extends out of the housing 121 through the gasket 134.
- the conductive wire 136 can ensure conduction between the support member 128 and the outside.
- the conductive wire 136 is connected to the probe contact 80 (FIG. 4), and the metal housing 121 also has continuity with the probe contact 80 (FIG. 4).
- a fuel cell of the type described in the first embodiment described above is preferably configured such that the reaction catalyst can be replaced because the reaction catalyst is oxidized and cannot be used if the hydrogen generation reaction continues. .
- This may be configured so that only the reaction catalyst can be replaced from the hydrogen generator 74 shown in FIG. 4, or the fuel cell 70 can be configured so that the entire hydrogen generator 74 can be replaced. Of course, it is necessary to configure the fuel so that fuel can be replenished.
- the present invention is applied to a fuel cell of a type in which fuel serving as a hydrogen supply body is decomposed by a catalyst to extract hydrogen.
- the catalyst in this type of fuel cell differs from the catalyst in the type of fuel cell described in Example 1 in that it does not change itself in the hydrogen generation reaction.
- Hexane and its derivatives, decalene and its derivatives, and the like can be used as the fuel serving as the hydrogen supplier. These fuels generate hydrogen through oxidation reactions promoted by the catalyst.
- catalysts Materials that can be used as such catalysts include nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, molybdenum, rhenium, tungsten, vanadium, osmium, chromium, conoreto, iron, and the like.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a powerful fuel cell.
- the fuel cell 140 includes a fuel tank 142, a hydrogen generator 144, a power generator 146, a power supply contact 148, and a probe contact 150.
- the fuel tank 142 stores fuel such as hexane and decalene.
- the hydrogen generator 144 includes a catalyst made of the above-mentioned substance, and is filled with fuel supplied from a fuel tank. When conditions such as a sufficiently high temperature are met, a reaction for generating hydrogen from the fuel by the action of the catalyst starts, and the generated hydrogen is supplied to the power generation unit 146.
- the probe contact 150 is a contact for providing continuity with these electrodes, and corresponds to the probe contacts 20 and 22 in FIG.
- the power generation unit 146 includes a cell that generates electricity by a chemical reaction between hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen generation unit 144 and oxygen taken in from the outside.
- the generated power is supplied from the power supply contact 148 to the outside.
- the power supply contact 148 corresponds to the power supply contact 24 in FIG.
- the electrodes installed in the hydrogen generator 144 are installed such that the fuel is present therebetween.
- the electrode may have an insulating layer formed on the surface.
- the catalyst may be one of the electrodes, or the housing of the hydrogen generator 144 may be a part of the electrode.
- FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the hydrogen generator 144.
- the hydrogen generator 152 in this embodiment includes a metal housing 154 that covers the entire hydrogen generator 152, a fuel inlet 158, and a hydrogen outlet 160.
- the inner surface of the metal housing 154 is covered with the insulating layer 156.
- a mesh-shaped metal catalyst 155 is provided inside the housing.
- the metal housing 154 and the metal catalyst 155 play the role of the electrodes 14 and 16 in FIG. 1, respectively.
- the housing 154 is provided with a gasket 162, and a conductive wire 164 electrically connected to the metal catalyst 155 extends out of the housing 154 through the gasket 162. The conduction between the metal catalyst 155 and the outside can be ensured by the conductive wire 164.
- Example 3 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a direct methanol fuel cell.
- This type of fuel cell does not require a hydrogen generator, unlike the fuel cells of the types described in the first and second embodiments, because methanol is directly decomposed at the fuel electrode of the power generation unit 176 to extract electricity.
- the electrodes may be arranged so as to measure an increase in electric resistance and a decrease in capacitance due to a decrease in the remaining amount of methanol as a fuel.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing a powerful fuel cell.
- the fuel cell 170 includes a fuel tank 172, a reservoir tank: L74, a power generation unit 176, a power supply contact 178, and a probe contact 180.
- the fuel tank 172 is a replaceable cartridge type, and stores methanol as a fuel.
- the reservoir tank 174 takes in methanol from the fuel tank 172 and temporarily stores it, and sends it to the power generation unit 176. In a direct methanol fuel cell, methanol is directly consumed with power generation, so after all methanol stored in the fuel tank 172 has been consumed, the methanol in the reservoir tank 174 gradually decreases.
- the reservoir 'tank 174 is installed with fuel interposed between electrode forces corresponding to the electrodes 14 and 16 in FIG.
- the probe contact 180 is a contact for providing continuity with these electrodes, and corresponds to the probe contacts 20 and 22 in FIG.
- a measuring instrument corresponding to the measuring section 6 in FIG. 1 is connected to the probe contact 180, and the capacitance between the electrodes installed in the reservoir tank 174 is measured. Time can be estimated.
- the power generated by the power generation unit 176 is supplied to the outside from the power supply contact 178.
- the power supply contact 178 corresponds to the power supply contact 24 in FIG.
- FIG. 13 shows one embodiment of Lizano's tank 174.
- the lizano 'tank 192' has a metal enclosure 184 covering the entire reservoir 'tank' 192, a fuel inlet 196 and a hydrogen outlet 198.
- the inner surface of the metal housing 184 is covered with the insulating layer 186.
- a mesh-like support member 188 having conductivity is provided inside the housing.
- a fuel holding material 190 is supported in the mesh of the support member 188.
- the surface of the support member 188 is insulated by the insulating layer 192.
- the housing 184 and the support member 188 play the role of the electrodes 14 and 16 in FIG. 1, respectively.
- the housing 184 is provided with a gasket 194, and a conductive wire 196 electrically connected to the support member 188 extends out of the housing 184 through the gasket 194.
- the conductive wire 196 can ensure conduction between the support member 188 and the outside.
- the fuel holding material 190 holds the fuel inside, and is preferably a porous material such as sponge. Since methanol is absorbed by the fuel holding material 190, the methanol can be prevented from rampaging in the reservoir tank 192, and the electrical characteristics in the reservoir tank 192 by the housing 184 and the support member 188 can be prevented. Measurement can be performed stably.
- the fuel cell according to the present invention is used as a power source of a portable electronic device that is normally carried and used. This is an advantageous embodiment.
- the description of the embodiments of the present invention is completed above, but the contents described above are only examples of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the contents described above.
- the electrodes corresponding to the electrodes 14 and 16 in FIG. 1 can be installed in a fuel tank other than the hydrogen generator or the reservoir tank.
- the present invention can take various embodiments without departing from the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the fuel cell system according to the present invention is applied to a mobile phone.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a hardware configuration of the mobile phone in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a fuel cell to which the present invention is applied. (Example 1)
- FIG. 5 is a view for explaining an installation mode of an electrode and a reaction catalyst. (Example 1)
- FIG. 6 is a view for explaining another installation mode of an electrode and a reaction catalyst. (Example 1)
- FIG. 7 is a view for explaining still another installation mode of an electrode and a reaction catalyst. (Example 1)
- FIG. 8 is a view for explaining an installation mode of an electrode and a reaction catalyst. (Example 1)
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an installation mode of an electrode and a reaction catalyst. (Example 1)
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a fuel cell to which the present invention is applied. (Example 2)
- FIG. 11 is a view for explaining an installation mode of an electrode and a reaction catalyst. (Example 2)
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing a fuel cell to which the present invention is applied. (Example 3)
- FIG. 13 is a view for explaining an installation mode of an electrode and a reaction catalyst. (Example 3)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/596,999 US20080032171A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-23 | Fuel Cell System |
EP05741361A EP1758189A4 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-23 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-159574 | 2004-05-28 | ||
JP2004159574A JP2005340088A (ja) | 2004-05-28 | 2004-05-28 | 燃料電池システム |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005117182A1 true WO2005117182A1 (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
Family
ID=35451186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/009319 WO2005117182A1 (ja) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-23 | 燃料電池システム |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080032171A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1758189A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2005340088A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100483821C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005117182A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4882210B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-30 | 2012-02-22 | パナソニック株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5338903B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-08 | 2013-11-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の水素濃度推定装置、燃料電池システム |
JP5803857B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-06 | 2015-11-04 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
CN104062959A (zh) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-09-24 | 昆山弗尔赛能源有限公司 | 一种基于WI-FI Direct的燃料电池无线控制系统 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2003203660A (ja) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-07-18 | Hewlett Packard Co <Hp> | 情報記憶素子を有する交換式燃料電池装置 |
JP2003303609A (ja) * | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-24 | Canon Inc | 情報機器 |
JP2004093409A (ja) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 燃料カートリッジ及びそれを用いた携帯機器並びに残量検出方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3540868A (en) * | 1967-12-29 | 1970-11-17 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Control of carbon deposition in catalyst beds |
JPS63165744A (ja) * | 1986-12-26 | 1988-07-09 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | 触媒劣化診断用センサ |
DE19805928C2 (de) * | 1998-02-13 | 2002-12-05 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Füllgrads oder der Güte eines Gase speichernden Katalysators |
US6689194B2 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-02-10 | Motorola, Inc | Fuel cell system having a replaceable getter element for purifying the fuel supply |
WO2003064318A1 (fr) * | 2002-01-29 | 2003-08-07 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Appareil generant de l'hydrogene, systeme generateur d'hydrogene et utilisation correspondante |
GB0224204D0 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2002-11-27 | Univ Loughborough | Hydrogen fuel cell systems |
-
2004
- 2004-05-28 JP JP2004159574A patent/JP2005340088A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-05-23 CN CNB2005800171288A patent/CN100483821C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-23 EP EP05741361A patent/EP1758189A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-23 US US11/596,999 patent/US20080032171A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-23 WO PCT/JP2005/009319 patent/WO2005117182A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003203660A (ja) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-07-18 | Hewlett Packard Co <Hp> | 情報記憶素子を有する交換式燃料電池装置 |
JP2003303609A (ja) * | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-24 | Canon Inc | 情報機器 |
JP2004093409A (ja) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 燃料カートリッジ及びそれを用いた携帯機器並びに残量検出方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1758189A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005340088A (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
EP1758189A4 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
EP1758189A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
CN100483821C (zh) | 2009-04-29 |
US20080032171A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
CN1961447A (zh) | 2007-05-09 |
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