Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
  • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
  • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
  • F27B3/16—Walls; Roofs
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
  • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
  • F27D1/004—Linings or walls comprising means for securing bricks

Definitions

• the present invention relates to furnaces constructed of hearth and wall refractories, and more particularly relates to systems for the compressive binding of furnace wall refractories.
• Furnaces are used extensively in the smelting and converting of ferrous and non-ferrous ores and concentrates.
• Furnaces of this type are generally circular or rectangular, having a bottom wall (hearth), vertical walls comprised of refractory bricks and a roof or off-gas hood.
• Furnaces of this type are also characterized by a binding and support structure, the purpose of which is to maintain the refractory bricks of the hearth and walls in compression.
• Adequate compression of the furnace walls, and particularly the hearth, is critical to maximize furnace campaign life and to prevent costly and potentially catastrophic furnace failure.
• the individual bricks comprising the hearth and the walls expand, resulting in outward expansion of the hearth.
• cooling of the furnace results in contraction of the individual bricks and overall shrinking of the furnace. If the compressive forces on the hearth or the walls are insufficient, gaps will be formed between the bricks during the cooling phase of the furnace operation. These gaps can be infiltrated with molten metal or other material, resulting in permanent growth of the furnace.
• Furnace binding systems are known for applying horizontally directed compressive forces on the walls and hearth of a furnace in order to control outward expansion of the furnace. Such binding systems are discussed in detail in the applicant's co-pending U.S. patent application no. 10/269,392, filed on October 11 , 2002.
• the present invention overcomes the above-described problems of the prior art by providing a binding system for controlling vertical expansion of a furnace wall.
• the binding system according to the invention comprises a compressive member which engages a laterally extending surface in an upper portion of the furnace wall.
• the compressive member applies downwardly directed compressive force on the wall to prevent infiltration of molten metal or other material into the gaps between the bricks making up the wall.
• the system also comprises a support member which is located close to the furnace for supporting the compressive member.
• the present invention provides a vertical furnace binding system for controlling vertical expansion of a vertically-extending wall of a furnace.
• the furnace wall has a laterally extending surface in an upper portion thereof and is constructed of refractory bricks arranged in stacked relation to one another.
• the binding system comprises: (a) a compressive member engaging the laterally extending surface so as to apply a downwardly directed compressive force on the wall, the force being applied through the laterally extending surface; and (b) a support member proximate the furnace to which the compressive member is connected.
• the force applied by the compressive member is sufficient to control vertical expansion of the wall and substantially prevent vertical expansion of the wall due to infiltration of material into joints between the refractory bricks during operation of the furnace.
• Figure 1 is a side view, partly in cross section, showing a vertical furnace binding system according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention
• Figure 2 is a close-up, cut away side view of the housing of a compressive member forming part of the vertical binding system of claim 1 ;
• Figure 3 is a side view, partly in cross section, showing a vertical furnace binding system according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 4 is a side view, partly in cross section, showing a vertical furnace binding system according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 5 is a side view, partly in cross section, showing a vertical furnace binding system according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• FIGs 1 and 2 illustrate a furnace binding system 10 according to a first preferred embodiment for applying a vertically downwardly directed compressive force on a furnace wall 12.
• the wall 12 is constructed of refractory bricks 14 (individual bricks not shown) arranged in stacked relation to one another.
• the wall 12 has a laterally extending surface 16 in an upper portion thereof.
• the laterally extending surface 16 in Figure 1 is located at the top of wall 12 and comprises an upper surface of a horizontally extending pressure beam 18 supported on top of the refractory portion of wall 12.
• the pressure beam 18 comprises an elongate structural member which, in Figure 1 comprises an I-beam having a pair of flanges 20, 22 connected by a web portion 24. It will be appreciated that the pressure beam can have any desired cross section, for example it may have a square or rectangular cross-section.
• binding systems described herein may be applied to rectangular or circular furnaces.
• the terms “wall” and “furnace wall” as used herein include side walls and end walls of a rectangular furnace and the cylindrical sidewall of a circular furnace. Where the furnace is rectangular, it will be appreciated that a binding system is preferably provided for each side and end wall.
• laterally extending surface as used herein is intended to include any portion of a furnace wall through which a downwardly directed compressive force can be transmitted to the refractory bricks making up the wall.
• the laterally extending surface may be horizontal as shown in Figure 1 or may be acutely angled relative to the horizontal.
• a pressure beam 18 is not required in all circumstances, it is preferred in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 as it evenly distributes the compressive forces generated by binding system 10 along the length of wall 12.
• the binding system 10 is comprised of at least one compressive member 26.
• Each compressive member 26 engages the laterally extending surface 16 (the upper surface of flange 20) so as to apply a downwardly directed compressive force (parallel to arrow F in Figure 1) on the wall 12, the force being applied through the laterally extending surface 16.
• Figure 1 illustrates one compressive member 26, it will be appreciated that the binding system 10 preferably includes additional compressive members 26 regularly spaced along the length of wall 12, so as to apply an evenly distributed compressive force along substantially the entire length of wall 12.
• each wall of the furnace is preferably provided with a vertical binding system.
• the binding system 10 also comprises at least one support member 28 located proximate the furnace, preferably adjacent to the wall 12, with each compressive member 26 being connected to a support member 28.
• each of the support members 28 comprises a vertically extending beam, for example a buckstay, and each of the compressive members 26 along wall 12 is connected to a single support member 28 by a support bracket 30.
• the support member 28 comprises a buckstay which is in the form of an I-beam and comprises a pair of flanges 32, 34 and a connecting web portion 36.
• the support bracket 30 is attached to the flange 32 facing the furnace wall 12 and comprises a pair of arms 38, 40 which support the compressive member 28.
• the compressive members 26 each comprise a coil spring 42, a cylindrical housing 44 in which the spring 42 is contained, and a compression assembly 46 protruding from the top of housing 44.
• the spring 42 is mounted such that its axis A extends vertically through the wall 12. Therefore, in binding system 10, the compressive force generated by springs 42 is directly applied to the furnace wall 12.
• the compression assembly 46 comprises a threaded compression assembly shaft 48, the lower end of which extends into the housing 44 and engages the top of the spring 42, and a compression nut 50 threaded onto the shaft 48.
• the compressive force applied to the wall 12 by spring 42 can be adjusted by turning the compression nut 50 with a wrench (not shown), thereby moving the shaft 48 upwardly to decrease the compression of spring 42 or downwardly to increase the compression of spring 42.
• adjustment of the compression assembly 46 may involve application of a hydraulic device (not shown) to the compression assembly shaft 48, adjustment of the spring pressure using the hydraulic device, and then re-tightening of the compression nut 50.
• the compressive force applied to the wall 12 by the compressive members 26 is sufficient to substantially prevent vertical expansion of the wall 12 caused by infiltration of material into joints between the refractory bricks during operation of the furnace.
• each member 26 of a pair is preferably arranged on either side of the support member 28.
• FIG. 3 illustrates a furnace binding system 60 according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention for applying a vertical compressive force to a furnace wall 62.
• the second preferred binding system 60 is adapted for use in furnaces where the furnace roof 61 extends over the furnace wall 62, thereby precluding use of the binding system of the first preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the binding system 60 according to the second preferred embodiment is secured to a buckstay 64 which comprises an I- beam having a front flange 66 facing the furnace wall 62, an opposed rear flange 68 and a connecting web portion 70.
• the buckstay 64 is provided with an aperture 72 extending from the rear flange 68 to the front flange 66 through which the binding system 60 extends.
• the binding system 60 comprises a compressive member 74 and a support member which, in this preferred embodiment, comprises the buckstay 64.
• the binding system 60 differs from that of the first preferred embodiment in that the compressive member 74 comprises a separate force-generating member 76 which generates the compressive force, and a force-applying member 78 through which the vertical compressive force is applied to a laterally extending surface 80 of the wall 62.
• the force generating member As in the first preferred embodiment, the force generating member
• compressive member 74 comprises a coil spring 82 having a vertically aligned axis A.
• the spring 82 is mounted on a support bracket 84 extending from the rear flange 68 of buckstay 64 so that the axis A of spring 82 extends along the rear flange 68 of the buckstay 64, rather than through the furnace wall 62.
• the coil spring 82 is compressed between an upper spring mount 86 and a lower spring mount 88 which is supported on the upper face of bracket 84.
• a spring rod 90 extends vertically through the spring 82, the spring mounts 86 and 88, and through the support bracket 84. The upper end of spring rod 90 is threaded and protrudes through the upper spring mount 86.
• a compression nut 92 is threaded onto the upper end of rod 90 and engages the upper spring mount 86.
• the compression of spring 82 is adjusted as described above in relation to the first preferred embodiment, for example by turning the nut 92 with a wrench or by use of a hydraulic device. It will be appreciated that the spring 82, when compressed, exerts an upwardly directed force on the upper spring mount 86 and the compression nut 92 on its upper surface, thereby biasing the spring rod 90 upwardly.
• the lower end of spring rod 90 extends downwardly through bracket 84 and is connected to the force applying member 78.
• the force applying member 78 comprises a hold-down arm 94 having a first end 96 which protrudes through the rear flange 68 of buckstay 64 and is pivotably connected to the lower end of the spring rod 90.
• a nut 98 is threaded onto the lower end of rod 90 to connect the rod 90 and the hold-down arm 94.
• the second end 100 of hold down arm 94 engages the laterally extending surface 80 of the wall 62.
• the hold down arm 94 is pivotably connected to a pivot bracket 102 provided on the front flange 66 of buckstay 64, such that upward biasing of the first end 96 of hold down arm 94 by spring rod 90 causes downward biasing of the second end 100 on the laterally extending surface 80, thereby resulting in vertical compression of the wall 62.
• the furnace wall 62 is comprised of refractory brick 104 with a metal structural shell 106.
• the metal shell 106 has an inwardly extending channel 108 which defines a recess 110 in the furnace wall 62, with the second end 100 of the hold down arm 94 extending into this recess 110.
• the laterally extending surface 80 comprises the bottom wall of the inwardly extending portion 108. Although the laterally extending surface 80 is provided in an upper portion of the furnace wall 62, it is not provided on the top thereof.
• This arrangement is particularly useful where direct access to the upper surface of the furnace wall 62 is not available, as for example where a roof 61 is provided over the furnace and extends over the tops of the furnace walls. It will be appreciated that the metal shell 106 does not necessarily extend into the recess 110 in the furnace wall 62. Rather, the second end 100 of the hold down arm 94 may be in direct contact with refractory brick inside recess 110.
• Figure 3 may be provided for indirectly applying a compressive force to a furnace wall.
• a compressive force may be provided to the sides of the buckstays, preferably in pairs, with the force-applying members extending along the web portions of the buckstays. This type of arrangement is preferably used along the walls and/or end walls of a furnace.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a binding system 120 according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention which is preferably used for vertical compression of the cylindrical side wall 122 of a circular furnace 124.
• the circular furnace 124 further comprises a hearth 126 and is supported on a foundation 128.
• Both the side wall 122 and the hearth 126 are formed from refractory bricks and the exterior of the sidewall is preferably provided with a metal structural shell 132.
• the side wall 122 has an upper surface 134 on which is provided a circumferentially-extending ring beam 136.
• the ring beam 136 may preferably have a square or rectangular cross-section, having a lower face 138 contacting the upper surface 134 of the side wall 122, an opposed upper face 140, an inner face 142 and an opposed outer face 144.
• the support bracket 146 has a rear wall 148 attached to the ring beam 136, a bottom wall 150 extending outwardly from the rear wall 148 and a pair of side walls 152 (only one of which is visible in Figure 4) connected to the edges of both the rear wall 148 and the bottom wall 150.
• the bottom wall 150 of bracket 146 forms the laterally extending surface of the furnace side wall 122 and supports a coil spring 154 which is compressed between the bottom wall 150 and an upper spring mount 156.
• a spring rod 158 extends vertically through the coil spring 154, the spring mount 156 and the bottom wall 150 of bracket 146.
• the upper end of rod 158 is threaded to receive a compression nut 160 which can be loosened and tightened to control compression of the spring 154.
• the rod 158 extends downwardly along the side wall 122 of the furnace 124 and is secured against vertical movement by anchoring it to the foundation 128.
• the lower end of rod 158 is embedded in the foundation 128 and is provided with a horizontally-extending portion 162 to resist pull-out.
• the binding system 120 does not utilize a buckstay as the support member. Rather, the support member in the third preferred embodiment comprises the ring beam 136.
• Figure 5 illustrates a furnace binding system 170 according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention for applying a vertical compressive force to a furnace sidewall 122.
• This embodiment is similar to that shown in Figure 4 and like reference numerals are used to identify like features of this embodiment.
• the embodiment of Figure 5 differs in that the bottom end of spring rod 200 is not anchored to the foundation 128. Rather, the spring rod 200 is anchored by a bracket 202 attached to the structural metal shell 132 and is held in place on the bracket 202 by a nut 204.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
• Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
• Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
• Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Priority Applications (8)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=35423794

Family Applications (1)

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Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2004
  • 2004-05-26 US US10/854,349 patent/US7134397B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2005
  • 2005-05-17 CN CN2005800167935A patent/CN1957219B/zh active Active
  • 2005-05-17 DE DE602005022583T patent/DE602005022583D1/de active Active
  • 2005-05-17 AU AU2005247964A patent/AU2005247964B2/en active Active
  • 2005-05-17 WO PCT/CA2005/000753 patent/WO2005116558A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-05-17 EP EP05745248A patent/EP1756503B1/en active Active
  • 2005-05-17 AT AT05745248T patent/ATE475851T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-05-17 CA CA2564645A patent/CA2564645C/en active Active
  • 2005-05-17 BR BRPI0510846-2A patent/BRPI0510846B1/pt active IP Right Grant
• 2006
  • 2006-11-09 ZA ZA200609328A patent/ZA200609328B/en unknown
  • 2006-12-22 NO NO20065997A patent/NO334267B1/no unknown

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