US2656717A

US2656717A - Device for avoiding the dislocation of furnaces or ovens

Info

Publication number: US2656717A
Application number: US152690A
Authority: US
Inventors: Fourmanoit Jean Charles
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1950-02-06
Filing date: 1950-03-29
Publication date: 1953-10-27
Anticipated expiration: 1970-10-27

Description

Oct. 1953 J. c. Fo uRMAnorr 2,656,717

DEVICE FOR AYQIDING THE DISLOCATION 0F FURNACES 0R OVENS Filed March 29, 1950 2' Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR: JE AN CHARLES FOURMANOII;

BY WMzM Oct. 27, 1953 .1. c. FOURMANOIT 2,656,717

DEVICE FOR AVOIDING THE DISLOCATION OF FURNACES OR OVENS Filed March 29, 1950 r 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR. JEAN CHARLES FOURMANOH;

Patented Get. 27, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE DEVICE FOR! AVOIDING THE DISLOCATION OF FURI'NACES OVENS Jean Charles; Fourmanoit, Brussels,., Belgium Application March 29,,1950, ser1a1 No. 152,690: In FranceiFebruary 6, 195.0?

2 Claims: 1

This invention relates to an improved appae ratus-method for the consolidation of metallurgi cal furnaces, carbonisation ovens, or' the like; in which heterogeneous expansions may produce a dislocation of the masonry.

It is known that oppositefaces of themasonry of such furnaces or ovens are generally retained by means of tie-rods. When the furnace is fired in or out, the masonry expands, and it i's'not' possible to maintain fixed the position of the buckstays usually employed for"consolidating'thefaces of the furnace. The said buckstays can there fore move apart; It is however desirable that the said bucltstays shall exert a predetermined pressure upon the masonry, so that any dis-- placement or" the buckstays shall be due tetherheterogeneous materials used for the construc-- tion, orbecause in certain places, expansion joints or compressible substances have been provided. The result of this is that the bucksta-ys cease to" bear upon certain parts of the masonry; or that the pressure upon other parts becomes too strong. 1

with consequent deteriorations of all kinds;

Qne drawback of the usual tie-rodsforthe consolidation of furnaces is dueto thefact that they are exposed to heat and that they expand when their temperature increases when thefurnace is fired, and the amount of the expansion thus produced is not known. Even if thanks to the use of adjusting devices, the stresses of the tie-rods upon the buckstays is maintained constant, it is not possible to know thereal value of the expa-n' sion of themasonry. It is however" important to The invention consists in apparatus for avoiding a dislocation of masonry in metallurgical furnaces, carbonisation ovens or the like, which is characterized in that opposite faces of the furnace, oven or the like, are held together by means which exert local pressures at various chosen points of theface of the furnace or the like,

the intensity of which pressures can be adjusted separatelyat the various points chosen, and the adjustment being made by resilient means permitting also, at each of the points chosen, to

measure the displacement of the masonry.

Use is made for maintaining opposite faces-of the furnace or the like, of tie-rods capable of acting until the period of expansion has ended,

which tie-rods. consist of fluid-cooled tubes or pipes, the endor ends of" each of the tie-rods beingadapted to transmit the stresses; upon the face or faces of the furnace either direct or through the intermediary of distributing plates acting locally in the zone of action of the tierod considered, adjustable resilient means being provided to permit an adjustment of the stresses exerted by each tie-rod, and also ameasurement of the displacement of the masonry.

Each device exerting the said efiorts may" be provided with a distribution plate sufficiently small in order that the surface upon which it bears shall transmit. homogeneous stresses, each distribution plate being subjected to a uniformly distributed stress. Some or all of the distribution plates may be in one piece, provided that thelatter issufficiently flexible to allow the stress of any singletie-rod' to actlocally, Without in terf'ering with the action of other tie-rods.

No pressure should therefore be exerted upon the masonry by large rigid plates, if the reactions of the masonry are not homogeneous.

An additional advantageoft'he local distribution of the stresses is that it becomes possible to: measure at each point the amount of the displacement under the effect of the expansions; by

the use of the arrangement described hereinafter.-

In order to cause the desired stresses to be exerted upon the distribution plates which bear upon the masonry, use may be made-for instance of tie-rods provided with adjustable resilient means; if the surrounding temperature in which thetie-rod's are placed tends to produce a creep or a non-resilient elongation, the tie-rod should be made of a special material, for instance. of steel which does not creep at the maximum temperature which isreached. Such an arrange"- ment has the advantage that it allows of measuring the elongation of the masonry, without-the measurement being distorted by some unknown elongation of. thetierrodsthemselvesdue to high temperature.

According to the present invention, it is also possible to use the tie-rods for simultaneously exerting local stresses upon the masonry and stresses upon the buckstays and upon the usual reinforcing members of the furnace; the distribution of stresses may thus be effected by an adjustment of two independent resilient means. This arrangement allows of using tie-rods for consolidating mainly the masonry during a certain period of time, and then the buckstays, or vice versa.

The application of localized stresses upon the masonry allows of making use of a special consolidation arrangement. According to one feature of the present invention, rigid frames are formed upon each face of the furnace or the like with the usual buckstays and with additional reinforcing members, which frames do not bear direct upon the masonry. The frames of two opposite faces are connected by means of tie-rods, which are fluid-cooled, and which are provided with resilient means allowing to adjust the stresses exerted, and to measure the displacements of the frames. Adjustable resilient means working under pressure may be inserted between the masonry and the frames.

Use may be made, as resilient means, of known means such as springs, compressible washers or the like.

The resilient means may also consist according to the present invention, of hydraulic or pneumatic means capable of being individually adjusted. It is also possible to connect such hydraulic or pneumatic means to a central pressure distributing device; in this way, it is possible to exert at various points upon each local resilient device, pressures which are equal or which are interrelated in a. pre-determined ratio, such pressures remaining unchanged, Whatever the displacements of the points where they are exerted, may be. The resilient means may be provided with a scale or other like means permitting to measure the amount of the displacement.

Referring to the accompanying drawings which show the invention diagrammatically and by way of example:

Fig. l is a front view of a furnace in which the stresses upon the masonry are exerted by tie-rods which are cooled by a refrigerating fluid through the intermediary of distributing plates, and of compressible washers.

Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken at a right angle to the view shown in Fig. 1.

Figs. 3 and 4 show the end of a measuring tierod which is fluid-cooled.

Fig. 5 shows a fluid-cooled tie-rod ensuring simultaneously the bracing of the masonry and of a reinforcing buckstay or frame.

Fig. 6 is a front view of a furnace, the masonry of two opposite faces of which being held together by means of an arrangement including a rigid frame.

Fig. '2 is a view of the furnace perpendicular to the View shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 shows compressible resilient means used according to the invention.

Fig. 9 shows resilient pressure means of the hydraulic type.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, the reference numeral i represents the masonry of that face of the furnace which is to be strengthened, 2 is an admission opening to the interior of the furnace, 3 are water-cooled tie-rods, 4 are plates for distributing the stresses, and 5 are resilient means.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, the numeral 6 shows a tie-rod, 4 is a comparatively small plate for distributing the stresses, 5 is the resilient means (compressible washers in this example), I is a nut permitting to compress and to adjust the washers, 8 is a device for connecting the rod to a collector for a cooling fluid, and 9 shows the amount of the expansion of the masonry. The said amount is measured by loosening the nut 1 and by measuring the displacement produced when a constant deflection of the compressible washers is maintained.

Referring to Fig. 5, the numerals L3, 3, 5, l and 8 show the same parts as in the other figures. The numeral H3 shows a reinforcing beam, H shows the resilient means acting upon the reinforcing beam, [2 is a nut permitting to exert a pressure upon the beam. By loosening the nut 12, it is possible to measure the displacement of the beam when a constant deflection of the compressible washers is maintained. The beam iii may be brought to bear against the nut i.

Referring to Figs. 6 and '7, the numeral i shows the masonry of a furnace face, 2 is an admission opening to the interior of the furnace, 13 are buckstays forming rigid frames together with horizontal reinforcing means i i; the numeral it shows tie-rods of the usual type which connect the rigid frames together, it are tie-rods cooled by a fluid, l? are resilient pressure means for retaining the masonry, and 21 are plates for the distribution of the stresses.

Referring to Fig. 8, the numeral iii shows compressible washers, 2c is a nut permitting to regulate the amount of the deflection, and 2! is a. plate for the distribution of the stresses.

Referring to Fig. 9. the numerals 22 and 23 show members adapted to slide relatively to one another, 25 is a space filled with fluid under pressure, and 25 is a collecting conduit connected to an expansion valve preventing the pressure from exceeding a predetermined value.

I claim:

1. A device for measuring dislocations of masonry in metallurgical and particularly in carbonization furnaces, comprising a plurality of tubular tie-rods to reinforce th opposite walls of said furnaces, said tie-rods projecting with their ends from said walls, means at the end of said projecting tie'rods for the supply of a cooling fluid into the same, resilient washers located on said projecting tie-rods adjacently to said furnace walls, nuts on said tie-rods adjacently to said resilient washers, whereby the thermal expansion of said walls can be ascertained by the loosening of said nuts and the thereby caused reestablishment of the original size of said resilient washers.

2. In a device according to claim 1, reinforcing beams applied to said tubular tie-rods and re silient pressure means located on the end of said tie-rods to exert a pressure upon said reinforcing beams.

JEAN CHARLES FOURMANOIT.

References Cited in the file of this patent V UNITED STATES PATENTS Number