US2622433A

US2622433A - Furnace wall

Info

Publication number: US2622433A
Application number: US22163A
Authority: US
Inventors: Jones Herbert
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1947-04-23
Filing date: 1948-04-20
Publication date: 1952-12-23
Anticipated expiration: 1969-12-23

Description

Filed April 20. 1948 2 SHEET S T l Dec. 23, 1952 JONES 2,622,433

FURNACE WALL Dec. 23, 1952 H, ON S 2,622,433

FURNACE WALL Filed April 20, 1948 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 (u N c3 m N w \O: Q Ll.

N N m Patented Dec. 23, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FURNACE WALL Herbert Jones, Sheffield, England Application April 20, 1948,Ser ial No. 22,163 In Great Britain April23, 1947 1 Claim. 1

"This invention has reference to building blocks and building structures, more particularly furnaces, boilers, tanks and like structures, embodying such blocks.

The'principal object of the present invention is to provide simple but efiicient means for preventing or minimising any tendency for a wall, roof or arch of a furnace or other similar structure, to creep or bulge inwardly of the said structure under the action of any stresses or strains towhich the structure may be submitted when used in a normal manner forits intended purpose.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new orimproved form of building block.

Still another object of the invention isto provide a building block which, when "erected in a structure, is adapted'to be anchored to a fixed external support and to prevent displacement of the said structure away from the said support.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a building block which is of such shape and configuration that, when erected in a structure it-is adapted toserve as a key block-for preventing inwards movement of that partof the structure located-on either side thereof.

A further'object of the inventionis to reduce or eliminate the creation of undue strains or stresses in the walls, roof or arch of a structure as a consequence of expansions and contractions of the componentsemployedin the erection of the structure-and set up or created by substantial variations in temperature.

A still further object of the invention is to enable a structureto be erected in the form of a plurality of sections or panels each of which is adapted to be anchored to a rigid external support toprevent inwards movement, by the new blocks envisaged'by the invention.

Also,'the invention aims at a building structure comprising a plurality of sections or panels each of which is surrounded by an expansion joint for minimizing the creation of internal strains or stresses due to expansion or contraction under substantial temperature variations.

These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In the said drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective View of one form of headed brick or'block.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of analternative form of-headed brick or block.

-Figure 31s a perspective'view of a partially 2 erected furnace wall embodying bricks or" blocks as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a sectional plan through a part of the wall shown in Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a similar view to Figure 4 of an externally lined Wall embodying bricks or blocks as shown in Figure 2, and

Figure 6 is an underside perspective view of an uninterrupted panel for erection in the furnace wall.

The furnace wall shown in Figure 3 of the said drawings comprises tiers of headed bricks or blocks I (hereinafter referred to as key blocks), the said tiers being arrangedin spaced, parallel relationship and extending throughout the height of the wall. The remainder of the wall, that is the spaces intermediate the ad jacent tiers, is constructed from

filler blocks

2 and 3. Alternatively, if desired, each of the said spaces may be closed by one or more preformed panels (not shown in the drawings) each of which may consist of a single slab or may be produced, prior to erection, from an assembly of

filler blocks

2 and 3.

Each key block I comprises a body la having two plain and opposed lateral faces lb which diverge relatively to one another from one end of the'said body which is formed with a projecting head 4, to the other end of the body; the body is also formed with two more plai'r'p lateral faces Io which are again located at opposite sides of the body I; these two lateral faces lc are parallel to one another. Hence each key block, 'while being of uniform thickness throughout, increases in width from its headed end to its other and opposite end.

The projecting head l of each key block has two opposed lateral faces to which diverge relatively to one another in the-opposite direction to the diverging faces lb; that is to say, the head faces 4a diverge away from the body la thereby providing a head of dovetail shape. Also, the head has two additional opposed and parallel faces 4b which are located respectively, in the same planes as the body faces lc so that the head and body'are of the same uniform thickness.

The filler blocks 2 and 3 are of the same uniform thickness as the keyblocks I; the filler blocks 3 are also of uniform width from end to end, that is to say that they are formed with two opposed pairs of parallel lateral faces; however, each of the filler blocks 2 has one lateralface 2a which is inclined to the longer center line thereof at the same angle'thatth'e diverging faces lb of the key blocks are inclinedto 'thelonger center lines of the bodies Ia; thus, each block 2 has one opposed pair of parallel lateral faces and another opposed pair of which one is inclined, whereas the other is parallel, to its longer center line.

In Figures 1, 3 and 4, the heads 4 of the key blocks I are united directly to the bodies Ia whereas, in the block shown in Figures 2 and 5, the head 4 is united to the body Ia through a neck 5 having two opposed and parallel pairs of lateral faces.

In the erection of the wall shown in Figure 3, each key block I is laid with its head 4 projecting beyond the external surface of the said wall and with its opposite end located flush with the inner ends of the

filler blocks

2 and 3 to provide a plain inner wall surface. Also each key block is flanked at each of its sides formed by the diverging body faces lb, by a filler block 2 with the inclined lateral face 2a of the latter arranged adjacent and parallel to the complementary body face lb. Thus, each body la is arranged wholly within a course of

filler blocks

2 and 3, with its head projecting from the said course outwardly of the wall structure.

An expansion joint 6 is formed between each key block I and its flanking filler blocks 2 and the blocks I are laid one upon the other in spaced parallel tiers so that the said expansion joints are continuous throughout the height of the wall. Horizontal expansion joints Ga are provided between adjacent courses at intervals throughout the height of the wall so that, when the blocks are permanently expanded under furnace operating conditions, no undue stress or strain is set up in the wall structure.

When the spaces between the adjacent tiers of key blocks are filled in by panels, each panel preferably has a height equal to the distance between two horizontal joints Ga and a length equal to the distance between adjacent tiers of key blocks. The lateral edges of the said panels which are to be located adjacent the tiers of key blocks, are so inclined that, when the panels are laid in the wall structure, each of the said inclined edges is parallel to the complementary inclined lateral diverging face of an adjacent tier.

Rigid metal buckstays or like vertical supports "I are erected externally of the wall and a tier of key blocks I is erected in alignment with each of the said buckstays. The ribs formed externally of the wall by the projecting heads 4 of the superimposed key blocks, are engaged by brackets 8 each of which is linked to a complementary striplike anchorage 9 abutting the buckstay edge remote from the wall. Each of the links extending between the said brackets and anchorages, comprises two rods IE] which are hooked together at their adjacent ends to provide a universal coupling which permits any lateral and vertical movement in the wall structure that ma be initiated by substantial temperature variations of the said structure. However, the links prevent any movement or creepage of the key blocks inwardly of the furnace and the diverging sides of the said key blocks prevent any similar inwards movement of the

filler blocks

2 and 3, or of panels, laid intermediate the tiers of key blocks.

The roof and/or arches of a furnace or similar structure may comprise spaced parallel rows of key blocks I which may be anchored to and suspended from rigid beams extending transversely of the structure and seating upon the upper ends of pairs of buckstays I, the spaces between the said rows of key blocks again being closed by filler blocks identical or similar to the

blocks

2 and 3 or by panels, in the same way as is shown in Figure 3.

As shown in Figure 5, by employing key blocks as shown in Figure 2 in place of key blocks as shown in Figure 1, the head 4 is spaced away from the outer surface of the wall or like structure by a distance equal to the length of the neck 5, thereby enabling a layer I I of heat insulating or any other desired material to be applied to the said outer surface without, in any way, affecting the connection between the said heads and the rigid external supports I or the like.

If desired, for example in the application of the invention to the air or water cooled walls of boilers or to any other structure having walls of substantial height, spaced supports may be embodied in the said walls for relieving the lower wall portions from the weight of the upper portions. Such supports may be incorporated in a skeleton framework which is capable of erection prior to the laying of the key and filler blocks or panels. Figure 3 shows angle section weightrelieving supports I2 embodying a horizontal flange I204 which projects into the plane of the wall and is interposed between two courses of blocks between which an expansion joint 5a is provided, and a channelled vertical flange I 2b which sockets on to a beam is carried by and between th buckstays "I.

Any desired number of metal clips or brackets of dovetailed channel section, may be engaged with the projecting heads of each row of master bricks, and the base of each clip or bracket may be provided with a stud or equivalent means whereby it may be securely anchored to a buckstay, stanchion or like rigid supporting member.

Obviously the invention is not limited to the details of the illustrative applications of the invention described above and shown in the accompanying drawings since these may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Reference should therefore be had to the appended claim in determining the scope of the invention.

Having described my invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

A wall structure embodying uninterrupted rows of key blocks, adjacent rows being arranged in spaced parallel relationship and each key block comprising a body and a head, the body being of rectangular cross section and having two straight opposed faces inclined relatively to one another and two straight parallel faces, and the head also being of rectangular cross section and having two straight relatively inclined faces and two straight parallel faces, the parallel faces of the head being in the same planes as the parallel body faces and the inclined body and head faces being oppositely divergent, the said inclined body faces forming the sides of the rows and the said head forming an uninterrupted dovetailed rib on each row, uninterrupted panels erected between said adjacent rows each panel spanning the space between two rows and having two opposed edges which are relatively inclined and which are arranged in adjacent parallel relationship to corresponding sides of the spanned rows, the continuous ribs being arranged to project beyond the planes of the panels to the outside of the structure, rigid supports erected externally of the structure in spaced and parallel relationship to the ribs, jointed anchorages connected by their ends to and between each support and rib, tie bars spanning and anchored between adjacent supports in the vicinity of the lower edge of each panel, an

angle bar having an upwardly extending flange which is outwardly channelled at its upper edge engaging each tie bar by said channelled edge, and having its other flange extending towards the walls into engagement with a recess formed in said panel and extending between the relatively inclined panel edges, and expansion joints provided between the abutting panel edges and row sides and between the abutting edges of abutting panels.

HERBERT JONES.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Number Name Date Loftus Oct. 2, 1928 Beall July 1, 1930 Liptak July 17, 1934 De Wolf July 2, 1935 I Heitman Feb. 16, 1937 Ofiutt Sept. 16, 1941 Anderson et a1 Dec. 31, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date France 1929 France Aug. 27, 1942