WO2005113133A1 - 冷却式マイクロ波化学反応装置 - Google Patents
冷却式マイクロ波化学反応装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005113133A1 WO2005113133A1 PCT/JP2005/006462 JP2005006462W WO2005113133A1 WO 2005113133 A1 WO2005113133 A1 WO 2005113133A1 JP 2005006462 W JP2005006462 W JP 2005006462W WO 2005113133 A1 WO2005113133 A1 WO 2005113133A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- microwave
- cooled
- refrigerant
- reaction
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
- H05B6/806—Apparatus for specific applications for laboratory use
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/126—Microwaves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a chemical reaction device capable of irradiating a microwave while cooling a reactant, and particularly to irradiating a high-output microwave with excellent simplicity, versatility, and maintainability.
- the present invention relates to a cooled microwave chemical reaction device capable of performing the following.
- microwaves have been used for limited applications such as heating sources for radars and microwave ovens.
- recent research and development has reported that irradiating a chemical reaction system with microwaves can increase the reaction speed by about three to three orders of magnitude and show a unique stereo-positional regioselectivity. It has become evident that high-efficiency decomposition of methane and the ability to regenerate monomers from polymers (such as polystyrene) in high yields.
- microwaves have a chemical reaction promoting effect, such as an increase in reaction rate or a reaction that is different from the conventional heating method.
- An effect that is more than an effect or a heating effect is called a microwave effect, a microwave electric field effect, or a non-thermal effect.
- Factors indicating these excellent properties are pointed out as follows: (1) internal 'non-contact' local 'high-speed heating, (2) local reaction field formation, (3) non-thermal reaction promoting effect!
- Non-Patent Document 1 As a conventional chemical reaction device capable of irradiating microwaves while cooling a reactant with a circulating refrigerant, an object to be cooled is injected into a container as shown in FIG. (Refer to Non-Patent Document 1), in which the object to be cooled is poured into a cooling vessel provided separately as shown in Fig. 2, and inserted into a cooling rod in a sealed reaction vessel. And then cooled (Non-Patent Document 2).
- a chemical reaction apparatus that cools the surface of a reaction vessel is used as shown in FIG. 3 (Patent Document 2).
- Non-patent document 1 Electric heating No. 68, p. 60 (1993)
- Non-Patent Document 2 Aust. J. Chem. L995, 48, p. 1675 Strauss (CSIRO)
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-79078
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-117587
- Patent Document 1 has a power that cannot be irradiated with a large amount of microwave due to its structure without cooling.
- a chemical reaction involving heat of reaction is carried out by microwave heating without cooling, large heat removal cannot be expected, and there is a danger of uncontrollable reaction runaway (thermal runaway) due to own reaction heat.
- the object to be cooled is limited to liquid, the maintenance property when the object to be cooled adheres to the cooling unit is poor, and the capacity to put the object to be cooled is low.
- problems such as limitations on the shape of the vessel, the inability to obtain cooling capacity when the amount of the object to be cooled was small, and poor cooling efficiency.
- the object to be cooled is limited to a liquid, and when the amount of the object to be cooled is small, the cooling capacity cannot be obtained. There were problems such as lack of quality.
- the present invention provides a chemical reaction apparatus capable of irradiating microwaves while cooling a reactant with a circulating refrigerant, which is excellent in simplicity, versatility, maintainability, and high output microwaves.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cooled microwave chemical reactor capable of irradiation.
- a cooling-type microwave chemical reactor has a structure in which a contact surface between a reactant and a cooling unit is as large as possible, and the cooling unit has
- a structure that is not affected by the irradiation of microwaves a large heat removal capability was obtained, and it was possible to irradiate a large amount of microwaves.
- the number of hot spots due to cooling and heating can be increased, so that a microwave effect can be obtained.
- One of the causes of the microwave effect is considered to be a local high-temperature field (local superheating [LSH]). That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to irradiate a higher output microwave even at the same control temperature of the Balta, so that a non-uniform field is formed and the number of LSHs is increased immediately, Can be expected to be in a higher temperature state (see Fig. 13).
- the present invention provides a cooled microwave chemical reactor of the following (1) to (8).
- a chemical reaction device having a cooling part through which a refrigerant circulates inside a hollow structure, wherein the cooling part is made of a microwave absorbing and transmitting material, and has a microwave transmitting property as a refrigerant.
- a cooled microwave chemical reactor characterized by using a liquid refrigerant.
- cooling-type microwave chemical reaction apparatus according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the cooling unit has a tubular container serving as a reaction container for an object to be cooled.
- the cooling unit is characterized by comprising a removable reaction vessel for the object to be cooled and a refrigerant tank surrounding the outside thereof (1).
- Microwave chemical reactor a removable reaction vessel for the object to be cooled and a refrigerant tank surrounding the outside thereof (1).
- the cooling unit is provided in a chamber that reflects microwaves, and microwave irradiation is performed on the entire cooling unit in the chamber 1). Microwave chemical reactor.
- the cooled microwave chemical reactor according to the present invention it is possible to irradiate high-power microwaves as compared with a conventional microwave chemical reactor.
- the reaction temperature of the object to be cooled is kept constant by simultaneously performing the heating by microwave irradiation and the heat removal by the circulating refrigerant, the temperature can be easily controlled. In other words, it is possible to provide a microwave chemical reaction device that can immediately heat when it wants to heat and can immediately remove the heat when it wants to cool.
- the versatility is excellent because the structure of the control device is simple and the cooling unit can be formed in various shapes.
- the cooling section does not need to be complicated in order to obtain cooling efficiency in a small amount experiment, so that the cleaning time after the end of the experiment can be shortened and maintenance can be performed. Excellent in nature.
- the problem of uneven temperature in the conventional device can be improved.
- tube-type cold In the configuration including the medium the problem of temperature unevenness can be solved, and sufficient cooling capacity can be obtained even with a small amount of cooling object.
- the reaction container can be replaced without removing the refrigerant circulating device when the experiment is performed with the reaction container having the same shape, and the experiment time can be shortened.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a conventional cooling-type microwave chemical reaction device 1.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a conventional cooled microwave chemical reactor 2.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a conventional ordinary cooling type chemical reaction device.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a batch reaction vessel according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a tubular reaction vessel according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a serpentine tubular reaction vessel according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a plate-like reaction vessel according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a cooled microwave chemical reaction device according to Example 1.
- FIG. 9 is a graph of microwave input energy in a conventional microwave chemical reactor.
- FIG. 10 is a graph of microwave input energy in the microwave chemical reactor according to Example 1.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a microwave chemical reaction device according to Example 2.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a microwave chemical reaction device according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of LSH promotion.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram comparing the positional relationship between heat input by a microwave and heat removal by a cooling device.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the heat removal ability according to Example 4.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the measurement results of temperature unevenness in the serpentine tubular reaction vessel according to Example 5. Explanation of reference numerals
- the cooled microwave chemical reactor according to the present invention is a chemical reactor having a cooling unit in which a refrigerant circulates inside a hollow structure, wherein the reaction vessel is made of a microwave absorbing and transmitting material. And a microwave-transmissive liquid refrigerant is used as the refrigerant.
- a reaction container having a different shape depending on the characteristics and quantity of each substance. For example, when conducting experiments with a liquid having a high viscosity or using a small amount, a batch-type reaction vessel as shown in Fig. 4 is suitable, and when a large cooling capacity is required, or when conducting experiments with a continuous reaction.
- a tubular container as shown in FIG. 5 is suitable.
- a coiled reaction vessel as shown in FIG. 6 is suitable.
- a plate-like reaction vessel as shown in FIG. 7 is suitable.
- microwave irradiation type chemical reaction apparatus One of the problems of the microwave irradiation type chemical reaction apparatus is that the cost is higher than other heating means.
- microwave irradiation microwave non-thermal effect, microwave heating characteristics, etc.
- the required minimum energy may be irradiated by microwaves, and the rest may be covered by other inexpensive heating methods.
- temperature control is often performed at a temperature higher than room temperature, but when ⁇ room temperature ⁇ refrigerant temperature ⁇ reaction temperature '', cooling is performed.
- the medium has one side that acts as a "heat medium" for preheating the raw material.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of the cooled microwave chemical reaction device according to the first embodiment.
- the cooling-type microwave chemical reaction device includes an applicator unit 84, a cooling device 94, and a fluorine resin tube 95 connecting them.
- the cooling device 94 also includes a liquid tank 92 in which the refrigerant liquid is stored, a pump 93 for sending the refrigerant liquid, and a power.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant liquid sent from the pump 93 is automatically adjusted by controlling a solenoid valve 87 by a flow rate control box 89 linked with the measuring instrument 88. Note that the flow rate of the refrigerant liquid can also be manually adjusted by the flow rate adjustment valve 86.
- the cooling unit 80 has a hollow structure, and is provided with a refrigerant liquid circulation unit 82 for circulating the refrigerant liquid.
- the cooling unit 80 is made of a glass material that absorbs and transmits microwaves, and uses a non-polar oil liquid that transmits microwaves.
- a reactant 85 is placed in the reaction vessel 81, and the temperature of the reactant 85 is measured by an optical fiber thermometer 91 inserted in the reactant and stored in a measuring device 88.
- reaction vessel 81 is made of a microwave-permeable material, a material that is not limited to glass and is preferably a fluorine resin or ceramic. Further, a non-polar solution may be used as the refrigerant liquid.
- the applicator section 84 is a chamber that reflects microwaves like a housing of a microwave oven.
- the applicator section 84 has a high heating effect by transmitting through the microwave-permeable reaction vessel 81. . That is, the microwave irradiated from the outside of the applicator section 84 is reflected in the applicator section 84 and heats the reactant while passing through the reaction vessel 81 from up, down, left, and right.
- FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the conventional reaction vessel and the microwave irradiation position, and the relationship between the reaction vessel and the microwave irradiation position in this example.
- the comparative example is a device having a cooler inside.
- a refrigerant for example, when stirring is not sufficiently performed with a high-viscosity reactant, the reaction heat generated in the irradiation unit is reduced. , Which cannot be removed in the cooling section.
- reaction vessel metal jacket pot
- the reaction vessel may be damaged by high pressure, corrosion, etc., leading to an immediate accident.
- the chamber can serve as a safety cover.
- FIG. 9 is a graph of microwave input energy in a conventional microwave chemical reactor
- FIG. 10 is a graph of microwave input energy in the microwave chemical reactor according to the first embodiment.
- the cooling power according to the present example was such that only 30 W of microwaves could be irradiated on average to maintain the reaction temperature at 40 ° C.
- the microwave-type chemical reactor when irradiating microwaves while circulating a coolant at 5 ° C, it was possible to irradiate microwaves with an average of 150 W while maintaining the reaction temperature at 40 ° C.
- the cooling unit 2 is arranged in one chamber, and the microwave is transmitted into the one chamber via a waveguide (a waveguide, a coaxial cable, or the like).
- a waveguide a waveguide, a coaxial cable, or the like.
- the cooling unit is arranged in a box such as a microwave oven.
- the cooling section 2 is composed of a cooling tank 13 in which the refrigerant 3 circulates and the reaction vessel 1.
- the refrigerant tank 13 has a reaction vessel insertion hole and a refrigerant tank having a hole for a refrigerant outlet 14. It is covered by the upper lid 15.
- the sheet-like reactant can be cooled by changing the sheet top lid 15 to one having no reaction vessel insertion hole.
- the cooled microwave chemical reactor according to the third embodiment differs from the configuration of the second embodiment in that a three-necked flask-shaped reaction vessel upper part 16 is provided with a polished glass provided in the reaction vessel 1. It is configured to be fitted at the joint 18.
- a cooling system using a refrigerant or the like is required.
- a microwave chemical reaction device is required to have high heat removal capability and responsiveness due to its characteristic of instant heating of microwaves.
- FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the control temperature and the refrigerant temperature, and it is possible to confirm the heat removal capability of the device of the present embodiment.
- the abscissa indicates the temperature of the reactants, and the ordinate indicates the cooling capacity.
- the results plotted by refrigerant temperature (0 to 40 ° C) were compared with those that were naturally cooled. Power using water as a model substance
- the heat removal capacity (cooling capacity) does not largely depend on the substance, so the heat removal capacity is almost the same even in actual reactions.
- reaction temperature is important as a factor for controlling a chemical reaction.
- reaction temperature In experiments where tight reaction temperature control is required, there is no temperature variation in the reaction vessel. Preferably, it can be controlled at a constant temperature. By heating the tubular reactor as a whole, uneven heating can be minimized. However, if cooling is performed by natural cooling, there is a problem that uneven temperature occurs (Fig. 16).
- the purpose of this example is to verify temperature unevenness due to heat input and heat removal, and therefore, no specific chemical reaction is involved.
- microwaves Conventional techniques for practical use of microwaves include industrial heating, pasteurization, sintering and joining of ceramics, and the like. Application research on production, diagnostics, 'therapies, enzyme reactions', bioreactors, etc. is also being conducted. In applications to chemical reaction systems using microwaves, efficient internal and selective heating of target molecules is expected to simplify the process, reduce the size of the reaction equipment, or significantly reduce processes that do not use solvents and the energy used. A non-equilibrium group that can be as powerful as possible This means that new high-performance materials with a woven structure can be simply synthesized.
- the present invention can be applied to all technologies that can obtain effects by microwave irradiation, and is expected to be used particularly in the fields of polymer synthesis, esterification reaction, oxidation reaction and the like.
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JP2006513675A JP5259956B2 (ja) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-04-01 | 冷却式マイクロ波化学反応装置 |
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JP2004149891 | 2004-05-20 |
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US9699688B2 (en) | 2007-08-02 | 2017-07-04 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method for scheduling orthogonally over multiple hops |
KR101527977B1 (ko) | 2008-10-27 | 2015-06-15 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 무선통신 시스템에서 중계기의 동작 방법 |
CN102907169B (zh) | 2009-10-22 | 2015-11-25 | 交互数字专利控股公司 | 用于采用物理层网络编码的双向中继方案的方法和装置 |
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JPH08222542A (ja) * | 1995-02-09 | 1996-08-30 | Hitachi Ltd | 表面処理装置 |
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