WO2005111809A1 - ファイル管理装置、ファイル管理方法、ファイル管理プログラム及びファイル管理プログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 - Google Patents
ファイル管理装置、ファイル管理方法、ファイル管理プログラム及びファイル管理プログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005111809A1 WO2005111809A1 PCT/JP2005/004940 JP2005004940W WO2005111809A1 WO 2005111809 A1 WO2005111809 A1 WO 2005111809A1 JP 2005004940 W JP2005004940 W JP 2005004940W WO 2005111809 A1 WO2005111809 A1 WO 2005111809A1
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- Prior art keywords
- data
- file
- volume
- management
- tampering detection
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0638—Organizing or formatting or addressing of data
- G06F3/0643—Management of files
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/14—Protection against unauthorised use of memory or access to memory
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/64—Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
- G06F3/062—Securing storage systems
- G06F3/0622—Securing storage systems in relation to access
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0629—Configuration or reconfiguration of storage systems
- G06F3/0637—Permissions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
- G06F3/0683—Plurality of storage devices
- G06F3/0685—Hybrid storage combining heterogeneous device types, e.g. hierarchical storage, hybrid arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/2153—Using hardware token as a secondary aspect
Definitions
- File management device file management method, file management program, and computer-readable recording medium recording file management program
- the present invention relates to an information storage device that stores information by magnetic, optical, electrical, or other physical or chemical means, or a combination thereof, and stores information in file units.
- the present invention relates to a file management device, a file management method, a file management program, and a computer-readable recording medium on which the file management program is recorded for more efficiently and safely performing the file management.
- the present invention relates to a file management system or the like that can detect that such information has been tampered with.
- Information that can be detected as tampered with is, for example, a copy. Copyright information for management is also included.
- the present invention relates to a file management system or the like capable of detecting a file.
- Examples of a conventional file management device, a file management method, a file management program, and a computer-readable recording medium on which a file management program is recorded include, for example, a recording / reproducing device described in Patent Document 1 below. was there.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a music server 900 which is an example of a conventional recording / playback apparatus.
- music data is recorded on the HDD 910, CD-ROM drive 909, or DRAM 911 for music data.
- the HDD 910 is readable and writable
- the CD-ROM drive 909 is read-only
- the music data DRAM 911 is readable and writable, but is usually used for temporary recording.
- the user operates the music server 900 using the keyboard 902, and the operation information is sent from the input control unit 901 to the CPU 908 via the bus 940.
- CPU908 Based on this operation information and other information, the entire music server 900 is controlled.
- the CPU 908 uses the ROM 906, the RAM 905, the flash RAM 907, and some other elements (not shown) to perform this control.
- the CPU 908, the ROM 906, the RAM 905, and the flash RAM 907 are connected by a bus 941.
- the ROM 906 stores a program for controlling the CPU 908 and other data that is not changed.
- the RAM 905 stores temporary data.
- the flash RAM 907 stores data which may be changed, but must be kept stored even when the power is turned off, for example, data such as parameters to be described later. Operation information and the status of the music server 900 controlled by the CPU 908 are displayed on the LCD 926 via the LCD driver 925.
- the music server 900 has its specifications specified via a modem 920 and a public telephone line terminal 919, or via a 1394 dryino 929, a 1394-I / F 928 and a 1394 terminal 931. Connected to an external device or network via the interface. By connecting in this manner, the music server 900 can obtain various kinds of information including music data and related data from an external device or a network, and conversely, can send out various kinds of information. .
- the music server 900 includes an optical digital input terminal 917, a microphone terminal 913, a line input terminal 915, and a speaker terminal 924 as dedicated interfaces for inputting and outputting music data.
- Music data input from the optical digital input terminal 917 is recorded in the music data DRAM 911 or the HDD 910 via the compression encoder 912.
- Music data input from the line input terminal 915 is converted into analog data digital data by the AZD converter 918, and is recorded on the music data DRAM 911 or HDD 910 via the compression encoder 912.
- Music data input from the microphone terminal 913 is amplified by an AMP (amplifier) 914, the analog data power is also converted to digital data by the AZD converter 918, and is recorded on the music data DRAM 911 and HDD 910 via the compression encoder 912 Be done
- Music data recorded in the music data DRAM 911 or the HDD 910 is compressed.
- the data is decoded by the compression decoder 921, converted from digital data to analog data by the DZA converter 922, amplified by the AMP 923, and output from the speaker terminal 924.
- Such a configuration of the music server 900 is merely an example, and is not necessarily limited to such a configuration, but other configurations are omitted.
- the music server 900 when transferring music data to which an external force such as a microphone terminal 913 is input to the HDD 910, data to be recorded is stored in the DRAM 911. Then, the data is read from the DRAM 911 for each fixed unit (block), and the data for each block is recorded in the HDD 910.
- the data reproduced from the HDD 910 is stored in the DRAM 911. Then, the data is read from the DRAM 911 for each fixed unit (block), and this data is output to, for example, the speaker terminal 924.
- Data transfer is performed by a DMA controller 937 under DMA (Direct Memory Access) control.
- the DRAM 911 is divided into a plurality of banks, for example, BNK0, BNK1, # 2, as shown in FIG.
- Each bank BNK0, BNK1,..., Is divided into a plurality of blocks, for example, BLK0, BLK1, BLK2,.
- the size of each block BLK 0, BLK1, BLK2 ' ⁇ ⁇ corresponds to the size of the cluster.
- scrambling can be performed by rearranging the data by changing the transfer order or changing the offset. it can.
- a parameter for rearrangement for each block is set to a3, the parameter a3 is converted by a mapping f3 unique to each device to b3, and the converted parameter b3 is stored in the flash RAM 907.
- the blocks of data recorded in the statuses in the HDD 910 are rearranged according to the parameter a3. Therefore, data cannot be transferred correctly unless the same device as the device at the time of recording is used.
- the data arrangement order is rearranged in order to protect the data in the file.
- the data contents are kept as it is, the seek of the disk head increases, and the access speed of the recording device decreases.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2001-118328 A
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has recorded therein a file management device, a file management method, a file management program, and a file management program capable of reliably detecting volume tampering. It is intended to provide a computer-readable recording medium.
- a file management device includes: a first storage unit that stores a file and volume management data for managing a volume including the file; Data creation means for creating volume tampering detection data for detecting tampering of management data and the first storage means are physically located at different positions, and volume tampering detection created by the data creation means is provided.
- a second storage unit for storing data; and, when mounting the volume, reading the volume management data from the first storage unit and reading and reading the volume tampering detection data from the second storage unit.
- Volume management data and A data comparing unit that compares the data with the volume tampering detection data; and a mounting unit that mounts the volume when the data comparing unit determines that the data has not been tampered with.
- the first storage means stores the file and also stores volume management data for managing the volume including the file.
- the data creation means creates volume tampering detection data for detecting tampering of the volume management data when writing the file.
- the second storage means arranged at a physically different position from the first storage means stores the volume tampering detection data created by the data creation means. Then, at the time of mounting the volume, the volume management data is read out by the first storage means by the data comparison means, and the volume tampering detection data is read out by the second storage means, and the read volume management data is read by the data comparison means. The data is compared with volume tampering detection data. If the data comparison means determines that there is no tampering, the volume is mounted by the mounting means.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of hardware and software of a file management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a file management system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a file configuration in a file management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of file management data in a file management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a falsification detection process performed when a volume is mounted.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a falsification detection process performed when a file is opened.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining updating of file management data in the file management system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining file update processing when updating a file.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a schematic block configuration of a music server which is an example of a conventional recording / playback apparatus.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a storage area in a music server which is an example of a conventional recording / playback apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of hardware 173 and software 171 of a file management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the software and software 171 shown in FIG. 1 are separately stored in the ROM 194 of the hardware 173, and the software 171 is stored in the ROM 194 of the hardware 173. Execute.
- the hardware 173 includes an input / output unit 192, a CPU (central processing unit) 191, a RAM (random access memory) 193, a ROM (read only memory) 194, and an HDD (node disk drive) 130. It comprises a flash RAM 132 and some other elements not shown. Since the hardware 173 is the same as a personal computer (PC) generally used, further detailed description is omitted. In addition, the present invention The present invention can be applied not only to a personal computer but also to an information recording / reproducing apparatus (so-called DVD recorder) for recording and / or reproducing information on / from an optical disc such as a CD or a DVD, and a mobile phone.
- DVD recorder information recording / reproducing apparatus
- the software 171 includes various drivers 183 for controlling various components of the hardware 173 and inputting and outputting data, an operating system (OS) 181, a file system 120, an application 122, and other components. It is composed of some software elements and not.
- OS operating system
- a characteristic of the file management system 100 of the present embodiment is a file system 120, and the various drivers 183, the OS 181 and the application 122 are not different from those generally used. Therefore, a detailed description will be given mainly on the file system 120, and the other portions will be described as a minimum.
- one feature of the present invention is that the application 122 is not different from a commonly used application, which will be described separately.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the file management system according to the present invention.
- the file management system 100 shown in FIG. 2 includes a file system 120, an application 122, an HDD 130, and a flash RAM 132.
- the input / output unit 201 When the CPU 191 shown in FIG. 1 executes the file system 120, the input / output unit 201, the control unit 202, the volume management unit 203, the file data input / output unit 204, the copyright data creation unit 205, functions as a copyright data comparison unit 206 and a copyright data input / output unit 207.
- the HDD 130 stores volume management data 152, file arrangement data 154, file attribute data table 160, file data section 180, and file copyright data table 170.
- the flash RAM 132 stores volume copyright data 134.
- the volume management data 152, file layout data 154, file attribute data table 160, file data section 180, file copyright data table 170, and volume copyright data 134 will be described later.
- the volume in the present embodiment is a logical volume representing a storage area of the HDD 130, but the present invention is not particularly limited to this.
- the volume is the HDD130 itself May be a physical volume representing Further, when the HDD 130 includes a plurality of volumes, the HDD 130 may store volume management data for each volume.
- Input / output unit 201 outputs various requests input from application 122 to control unit 202, and outputs responses input from control unit 202 to application 122.
- the control unit 202 issues instructions to the volume management unit 203, the copyright data creation unit 205, and the copyright data comparison unit 206, and controls the entire file system.
- the volume management unit 203 manages volume management data 152, file allocation data 154, file attribute data table 160, and file data unit 180 stored in the HDD 130 in association with the file system.
- the file data input / output unit 204 reads and writes various data from and to the HDD 130 according to instructions from the volume management unit 203.
- the copyright data creation unit 205 creates the volume copyright data 134 and the file copyright data table 170 based on the instruction from the control unit 202 and the file data received from the volume management unit 203.
- the copyright data input / output unit 207 writes the volume copyright data 134 created by the copyright data creation unit 205 into the flash RAM 132, and reads the volume copyright data 134 stored in the flash RAM 132.
- the copyright data input / output unit 207 writes the file copyright data table 170 created by the copyright data creation unit 205 into the HDD 130, and reads the file copyright data table 170 stored in the HDD 130.
- the copyright data comparison unit 206 compares the volume management data 152 received from the volume management unit 203 with the volume copyright data 134 received from the copyright data input / output unit 207, and checks if it has been tampered with. Inspect Further, the copyright data comparison unit 206 compares the file data received from the volume management unit 203 with the file copyright data received from the copyright data input / output unit 207, and checks whether the file has been tampered with. You.
- the file management system 100 corresponds to an example of a file management device
- the HDD 130 corresponds to an example of a first storage unit
- the copyright data creation unit 205 corresponds to a data creation unit.
- Flash RAM 132 is an example of the second storage means.
- the copyright data comparison unit 206 corresponds to an example of data comparison means
- the control unit 202 corresponds to an example of mounting means and open means
- the volume copyright data 134 corresponds to an example of volume tampering detection data.
- file copyright data is an example of file tampering detection data.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a file configuration in the file management system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- This file structure is also a file structure created, managed, updated, and deleted by the file system 120.
- the file system 120 is activated by being called from the application 122, and starts its processing.
- the application 122 calls and starts the file system 120 to create one new file A in the HDD 130 will be described as an example, and the file management system 100 and the file system 120 will be described.
- the file system 120 When the file system 120 is activated to create one new file A in the HDD 130, the file system 120 first refers to the volume management data 152 in the HDD 130 to Get file system status.
- the file arrangement data 154 indicating the file arrangement state of the file system of the entire HDD 130 and the volume copyright data 134 managing the copyright information of the file of the entire HDD 130 are required. It is.
- the volume copyright data 134 is stored in a recording medium other than the HDD 130, for example, the flash RAM 132.
- the use of the flash RAM 132 is also a non-volatile memory capable of retaining stored contents even when the power is turned off.
- the reason for using a recording medium other than the HDD 130 is to maintain the management state even if the HDD 130 is tampered with or some kind of damage or failure occurs.
- the use of the flash RAM 132 other than the HDD 130 as a recording medium for storing the volume copyright data 134 is merely an example, and other semiconductor memory, magnetic memory, optical memory, or a combination thereof may be used. It may be one that stores information.
- the volume copyright data 134 is copyright management information of all data stored in the entire volume of the HDD 130, and is, for example, the strictest copyright in each file stored in the entire volume of the HDD 130. Copyright management may be performed using the rights information as a representative. Further, for example, the copyright management may be performed using the loosest copyright information in each file stored in the entire volume of the HDD 130 as a representative.
- files may be grouped by some method and copyright management may be performed on a group basis. Absent. Furthermore, the copyright management may be performed on an individual file basis, or the copyright management of the entire volume of the HDD 130 may be performed by combining these copyright management methods.
- the copyright management module 124 manages such volume copyright data 134. However, this is only an example, and it is not always necessary for the copyright management module 124 to perform the operation.
- the file system 120 itself, a part of the file system 120, and some software other than the file system 120 perform the operation. It does not matter.
- the file management system 100 may not necessarily include such volume copyright data 134! /.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining a file creation process performed when a file is created.
- the file creation process shown in FIG. 4 is a process executed by the file management system 100 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of file management data.
- the file data input / output unit 204 reads the file allocation data 154 and outputs it to the volume management unit 203 in step S101.
- the volume management unit 203 outputs the input file arrangement data 154 to the copyright data creation unit 205.
- Copyright data creation unit 205 Determine the file number of the newly created file.
- the file arrangement data 154 is for storing and managing the arrangement data of each file stored in the entire HDD 130 volume, and an example thereof is shown in FIG. 5, for example.
- FIG. 5 three files of the file number “3”, the file number “5”, and the file number “19” are registered in the file arrangement data 154, and the three files are stored in the volume of the HDD 130. It is memorized as a whole, showing that Of course, this is only an example, and more files may be stored.
- Each file number corresponds to an ID for identifying and specifying each file.
- the ID for identifying and identifying each file does not necessarily need to be such a file number.
- the full path and file name of the directory where the file exists, the abbreviation or abbreviation, or a part of it Can be used alone or in combination.
- description will be made assuming that each file number corresponds to an ID for identifying and specifying each file.
- the three files, file number "3", file number "5", and file number "19”, are each associated with a management data number and stored.
- the management data number of the file associated with the file number “3” is “10”
- the management data number of the file associated with the file number “5” is “20”.
- the management data number of the file associated with the file number “19” is “23”.
- FIG. 5 shows the file arrangement data 154 at that time.
- the file system 120 registers the file number "19" for the newly created file A in the file arrangement data 154, and then manages the management data number "23" corresponding to the file number "19". And create file attribute data A (162) in the file attribute data table 160.
- step S 102 the file data input / output unit 204
- the attribute data table 160 is read and output to the volume management unit 203.
- the volume management unit 203 outputs the input file attribute data table 160 to the copyright data creation unit 205.
- the copyright data creating unit 205 assigns a new management data number to the file attribute data table 160 and determines the position where the file attribute data of the newly created file is to be written.
- the file attribute data A (162) is data including various attribute data relating to the file A to be newly created.
- the file attribute data A (162) includes a management data number “23”, a copyright data number “301”, a file data number “7091”, and management data “YXOL ′ ⁇ ”.
- this is only an example, and more information may be included, and some information may or may not be included. Further, the content of such information is only a temporary example.
- the copyright data number “301” is a management number for storing and managing the file copyright data A (164) for the newly created file A in the file copyright data table 170.
- step S103 the file data input / output unit 204 reads out the file data unit 180 and outputs it to the volume management unit 203.
- the volume management section 203 outputs the input file data section 180 to the copyright data creation section 205.
- the copyright data creation unit 205 assigns a new file data number to the file data unit 180 and determines the position where the newly created file data is to be written. If there is file data to write, you can write it here!
- the file data number “7091” is a management number for storing and managing the actual file data A (163) for the newly created file A in the file data section 180. As shown in FIG. 5, the file data number for the newly created file A is “7091” which is stored and managed at the management data number “23” in the file attribute data table 160. The actual file data A (163) for the newly created file A is stored and managed in the file data section 180 at the file data number “7091”.
- the copyright data input / output unit 207 reads the file copyright data table 170 and outputs it to the volume management unit 203.
- the volume management unit 203 outputs the input file copyright data table 170 to the copyright data creation unit 205.
- the copyright data creation unit 205 assigns a copyright data number to the file copyright data table 170 in order to write copyright data of a newly created file.
- the copyright data creation unit 205 creates file copyright data, and stores the created file copyright data in the file copyright data table 170 in association with the copyright data number.
- the copyright data creation unit 205 outputs the created file copyright data table 170 to the copyright data input / output unit 207.
- the copyright data creation unit 205 creates check data based on the file data, and creates file copyright data including the created check data.
- the copyright data input / output unit 207 writes the file copyright data table 170 created by the copyright data creation unit 205 to the HDD 130.
- the copyright data number for the newly created file A is stored and managed at the management data number “23” in the file attribute data table 160!
- the file copyright data A (164) for the newly created file A is stored in the file copyright data table 170 at the location of the copyright data number "301". “YT9KLZ ⁇ ⁇ ”.
- the file copyright data A (164) is different from the volume copyright data 134 used for managing the copyright of the entire volume of the HDD 130, whereas the copyright of each file is This is information for management.
- This file copyright data A (164) is encrypted, digitally signed, electronically watermarked, or otherwise protected from tampering.
- the content of the copyright management represented by the file copyright data A (164) includes, for example, copy once (copy once), copy never (copy (Cannot be cut off), copy free (copy freely), and others.
- the content of the copyright management represented by the file copyright data A (164) is check data for prohibiting and detecting the falsification of the entire file A, or encrypting the file A. This is the key to electronic permeability.
- the present invention since the contents of data are encrypted and the encryption key is managed in the file, it is possible to effectively prevent unauthorized access to a part of the file system. Yes, if the file management system is applied to a DVD recorder, the seek speed of the disk head will increase and the access speed will not decrease!
- step S 105 the copyright data creation unit 205 stores the file data number assigned in step S 103 at the write position of the file attribute data table 160 determined in step S 102, Write the copyright data number assigned in 104 and the management data.
- the management data in the file attribute data table 160 includes, for example, the creator, manager, owner, creation date, creation time, capacity, retention period, check data, check data, and encryption of the newly created file A. Includes various information related to
- the file copyright data A (164) has been described to store various information for copy control and information for falsification detection.
- various information for copy control and information for falsification detection may be stored in the management data of the file attribute data table 160! /.
- the management data in the file attribute data table 160 In addition, for example, copy control information for file A, such as copy once (copies only once), copy never (copies are not allowed at all), copy free (copy freely), etc. Check data for prohibiting and detecting the falsification of the entire file A, a key for encrypting electronic information, and a combination of both are sometimes stored.
- step S106 the copyright data creation unit 205 associates the file number of the file arrangement data 154 determined in step S101 with the management data number assigned in step S102.
- the file system 120 associates the management data number “23” with the file number “19” and registers it in the file arrangement data 154.
- This file number "19” and the management data number "23” are, of course, only a hypothetical example of power, which is usually used up to that point, and is used by being assigned a free number Is done.
- step S 107 the file data input / output unit 204 reads out the volume management data 152 and outputs it to the volume management unit 203.
- the volume management unit 203 updates the input volume management data 152 and outputs it to the file data input / output unit 204 and the copyright data creation unit 205.
- the file data input / output unit 204 writes the volume management data 152 updated by the volume management unit 203 to the HDD 130.
- step S 108 the copyright data creation unit 205 creates volume copyright data 134 based on the volume management data 152 updated by the volume management unit 203, and creates a copyright data input / output unit 207.
- Output to The copyright data input / output unit 207 writes the volume copyright data 134 created by the copyright data creation unit 205 into the flash RAMI 32, and ends the processing.
- the power described for the newly created file A is referred to after the file A is once created, and when the file A is updated, the file A is called from the application 122 in the same manner as described above.
- the system 120 is activated, and starts the reference and update processing.
- the file system 120 refers to the volume management data 152 and extracts the volume copyright data 134 and the file arrangement data 154.
- the copyright management module 124 manages the copyright of the entire volume by referring to the volume copyright data 134, for example. Since this has already been described above, a detailed description is omitted.
- the file system 120 manages the file A by referring to the file arrangement data 154, the file attribute data table 160, and the file copyright data table 170, and permits the file A to be referred to or updated. Ban. At the same time, the file system 120 updates the file arrangement data 154, the file attribute data table 160, and the file copyright data table 170 as necessary.
- the file system 120 refers to or updates the file arrangement data 154, the file attribute data table 160, and the file data section 180, thereby executing reference and update of the file A requested from the application 122.
- the file system 120 may update the file arrangement data 154, the file attribute data table 160, and the file copyright data table 170 as necessary. For example, when copy control information such as copy once is stored in the file copyright data A (164), the file system 120 executes copy control by referring to the contents of the file copyright data A (164). .
- the file copyright data A (164) when the file copyright data A (164) is stored, the check data of the file data A (163), the information about the encryption key, the digital watermark, and the like are stored. By referring to the contents of the data A (164), the file data A (163) can be confirmed and verified whether any part of the file data A (163) has been tampered with.
- copy ones in the management data of the file attribute data table 160 are, for example, copy ones in the management data of the file attribute data table 160.
- the file system 120 can execute the copy control by referring to the contents of the management data in the file attribute data table 160.
- the management data in the file attribute data table 160 stores information such as the pick data of the file data A (163), the encryption key, and the digital watermark
- the file system 120 uses this file attribute data table.
- a part of the file data A (163) can be identified! Even tampering has taken place! / ⁇ , can be confirmed and verified.
- the file system 120 manages the copyright based on the volume copyright data 134, and stores the file layout data 154, the file attribute data table 160, the file copyright data table 170, and the file data section 180. After checking all file numbers, management data numbers, copyright data numbers, file data numbers, management data, file copyright data, and file data and verifying their consistency, mount the HDD130 volume, etc. An embodiment in which processing such as opening file data is also possible.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a falsification detection process performed when mounting a volume.
- the volume tampering detection process shown in FIG. 6 is a process executed by the file management system 100 shown in FIG.
- the copyright data comparison unit 206 acquires the volume management data 152 in step S201. That is, when a mount request is input from the application 122 via the input / output unit 201, the control unit 202 instructs the volume management unit 203 to acquire the volume management data 152. The volume management unit 203 instructs the file data input / output unit 204 to read the volume management data 152. The file data input / output unit 204 also reads the volume management data 152 from the HDD 130 and outputs it to the volume management unit 203. The volume management unit 203 outputs the input volume management data 152 to the copyright data comparison unit 206.
- step S202 the copyright data comparison unit 206 Data 134. That is, when a mount request is input from the application 122 via the input / output unit 201, the control unit 202 instructs the volume management unit 203 to acquire the volume management data 152, and at the same time, Instruct 206 to obtain volume copyright data 134.
- the copyright data comparison unit 206 instructs the copyright data input / output unit 207 to read the volume copyright data 134.
- the copyright data input / output unit 207 reads the volume copyright data 134 stored in the flash RAM 132 and outputs it to the copyright data comparison unit 206.
- step S203 the copyright data comparison unit 206 compares the volume management data 152 input from the volume management unit 203 and the volume copyright data 134 input from the copyright data input / output unit 207. To determine if the volume has been tampered with.
- step S204 the copyright data comparison unit 206 determines that the volume has not been tampered with. 202, the control unit 202 terminates the volume tampering detection process assuming that the mount process has been performed normally.
- step S205 the copyright data comparison unit 206 informs the control unit 202 that the volume has been tampered with.
- the control unit 202 terminates the volume tampering detection process by determining that the mount process has not been performed normally and has failed. In this case, the control unit 202 notifies the application 122 that the mount processing has failed.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a falsification detection process performed when a file is opened.
- the file tampering detection process shown in FIG. 7 is a process executed by the file management system 100 shown in FIG.
- the copyright data comparison unit 206 acquires the file arrangement data 154. That is, when a file orbit request is input from the application 122 via the input / output unit 201, the control unit 202 acquires the file arrangement data 154 in the volume management unit 203. Instruct The volume management unit 203 instructs the file data input / output unit 204 to read the file arrangement data 154. The file data input / output unit 204 reads out the file arrangement data 154 from the HDD 130 and outputs it to the volume management unit 203. The volume management unit 203 outputs the input file arrangement data 154 to the copyright data comparison unit 206. The application 122 specifies the file number of the file to be opened. The copyright data comparison unit 206 acquires a management data number corresponding to the file number from the file arrangement data 154 input from the volume management unit 203.
- the copyright data comparison unit 206 acquires the file attribute data table 160. That is, the control unit 202 instructs the volume management unit 203 to acquire the file attribute data table 160.
- the volume management unit 203 instructs the file data input / output unit 204 to read the file attribute data table 160.
- the file data input / output unit 204 reads the file attribute data table 160 from the HDD 130 and outputs it to the volume management unit 203.
- the volume management unit 203 outputs the input file attribute data table 160 to the copyright data comparison unit 206.
- the copyright data comparison unit 206 compares the copyright data number, file data number, and management data corresponding to the management data number acquired in step S301 from the file attribute data table 160 input from the volume management unit 203. get.
- step S303 the copyright data comparison unit 206 acquires the file data unit 180. That is, the control unit 202 instructs the volume management unit 203 to acquire the file data unit 180.
- the volume management unit 203 instructs the file data input / output unit 204 to read the file data unit 180.
- the file data input / output unit 204 reads the file data unit 180 from the HDD 130 and outputs it to the volume management unit 203.
- the volume management section 203 outputs the input file data section 180 to the copyright data comparison section 206.
- the copyright data comparison unit 206 obtains the file data corresponding to the file data number obtained in step S302 from the file data unit 180 input from the volume management unit 203.
- step S304 the copyright data comparison unit 206 acquires the file copyright data table 170. That is, the control unit 202 sends the copyright data comparison unit 206 It instructs to obtain the file copyright data table 170.
- the copyright data comparison unit 206 instructs the copyright data input / output unit 207 to read the file copyright data table 170.
- the copyright data input / output unit 207 reads the file copyright data table 170 from the HDD 130 and outputs it to the copyright data comparison unit 206.
- step S305 the copyright data comparison unit 206 compares the file data acquired in step S303 with the check data included in the file copyright data in the file copyright data table 170 acquired in step S304. Compare and determine whether the file has been tampered with.
- step S306 the copyright data comparison unit 206 informs the control unit 202 that the file has not been tampered with. Then, the control unit 202 determines that the file open processing has been normally performed, and ends the file tampering detection processing.
- step S307 the copyright data comparison unit 206 notifies the control unit 202 that the file has been tampered.
- step 202 the file tampering detection processing is terminated because the file open processing has not been performed normally and has failed. In this case, the control unit 202 notifies the application 122 that the file open processing has failed.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining updating of a file in the file management system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the file copyright data A of file A is changed from “YT9KLZ ′ ⁇ ” to “6 TB89F ′ ⁇ ”, and the copyright data number is changed from “301” to “6 TB89F ⁇ ”. 124 ”and the file data number is changed from“ 7091 ”to“ 2560 ”.
- the management data "YX OL '" may have any cause, such as a change in the storage expiration date, or various information related to encryption, such as an encryption key / decryption key after a certain period elapses for security improvement. ⁇ ⁇ May be performed in cases such as when information on electronic permeability is changed.
- the file data A itself may be changed by a request from the application 122, so that the check data may be changed.
- file copyright data A has any cause, for example, copy once (copy once only is possible), but since copy was performed once, copy never (copy not possible at all)
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a file update process when updating a file.
- the file update process shown in FIG. 9 is a process executed by the file management system 100 shown in FIG.
- the input / output unit 201 outputs a file data update request from the application 122 to the control unit 202.
- the control unit 202 instructs the volume management unit 203 to update the file data, and outputs the file data to be updated to the volume management unit 203 and the copyright data creation unit 205.
- the volume management unit 203 The file data section 180 is read out via the file data input / output section 204, a file data number different from the currently stored file data number is assigned, and the position where the file data is written is determined. At this time, the position where the file data is written is a position different from the file data before the update.
- the volume management unit 203 writes the file data at a position corresponding to the determined file data number.
- new file data A is recorded, for example, in a location that was previously a free area in the file data section 180, and its file data number is set to, for example, “2560”.
- the embodiment may detect the free area and record the new file data A. Practically nothing.
- step S402 the volume management unit 203 reads the file copyright data table 170 via the copyright data input / output unit 207, and differs from the currently stored copyright data number. Assign a copyright data number and determine where to write file copyright data. At this time, the position where the file copyright data is written is different from the file copyright data before update. Then, the copyright data creation unit 205 creates check data based on the file data, and creates file copyright data including the created check data. The copyright data input / output unit 207 writes the file copyright data table 170 created by the copyright data creation unit 205 to the HDD 130.
- file copyright data A (164) is changed from “YT9KLZ ′ ⁇ ” to “6TB89
- the copyright data number of the file copyright data table 170 is "124". Detects that the area is a free area, and uses ⁇ 6TB89F
- step S403 the volume management unit 203 reads the file attribute data table 160 via the file data input / output unit 204, and stores a management data number different from the currently stored management data number. To determine where to write the file attribute data. Then, the volume management unit 203 writes the file data number determined in step S401, the copyright data number determined in step S402, and the management data in the file attribute data table 160.
- the file data number “2560” is recorded in the file data number column of the empty area of the file attribute data table 160, and the management data number is, for example, “34”. Is set to
- the copyright data number "124" is recorded in the copyright data number column of the management data number "34" set for the new file data A in the file attribute data table 160. .
- management data is also changed from "YXOL '" to "7GS5'", and the management data of the management data number "34", which is an area for the new file data A in the file attribute data table 160, is changed. Field. The cause of such a change and its meaning are already described above.
- the management data number “23”, the file data number “7091”, the copyright data number “301”, and the file copyright data The data A “YT9KLZ ′ ⁇ ” (164), the file data A (163) itself, and the management data “YXOL • ⁇ ” are all held as they are without any change.
- step S404 the volume management unit 203 reads out the file arrangement data 154 via the file data input / output unit 204, and sets a management data number corresponding to the file number of the file data to be updated. Rewrite with the management data number determined in step S403.
- new file data A (163) itself for new file data A new file data number “2560”, file copyright data A “6TB89F ′ ⁇ ” (164), copyright The right data number “124”, the management data “7GS5 ′”, and the management data number “34” are all created in the file data section 180, the file copyright data table 170, and the file attribute data table 160. Later, the management data number corresponding to the file number “19” in the file arrangement data 154 for the new file data A is changed from “23” to “34”, and the content of the file data A is changed to the conventional capacity. Changed to a new one.
- the HDD 130 stores only one file arrangement data 154, but the present invention is not particularly limited to this, and the HDD 130 stores two file arrangement data 154. You may.
- the volume management unit 203 when updating file data, deletes the pre-update management data number stored in one of the two file arrangement data. Then, the volume management unit 203 rewrites the management data number stored in the one file arrangement data with a new management data number after the update. Next, the volume management unit 203 deletes the management data number before update stored in the other file arrangement data. Then, the volume management unit 203 rewrites the management data number stored in the other file arrangement data with the updated new management data number. As described above, the HDD 130 stores two file allocation data, and the volume management unit 203 rewrites the management data number of one file allocation data and then changes the management data number of the other file allocation data. rewrite.
- the management data number corresponding to the file number is always stored in one of the two file allocation data. As a result, the problem that the management data number corresponding to the file number is lost can be solved.
- step S405 the volume management unit 203 deletes the file data corresponding to the pre-update file data number stored in the file data.
- step S406 the volume management unit 203 deletes the file copyright data corresponding to the copyright data number before update stored in the file copyright data table 170.
- step S407 the volume management unit 203 stores the file attribute data (copyright data number, file data number, and management data number) corresponding to the management data number before update stored in the file attribute data table 160. ) Is deleted.
- step S408 the file data input / output unit 204 reads out the volume management data 152 and outputs it to the volume management unit 203.
- the volume management unit 203 updates the input volume management data 152 and outputs it to the file data input / output unit 204.
- the file data input / output unit 204 writes the volume management data 152 updated by the volume management unit 203 to the HDD 130.
- step S409 the volume management unit 203 outputs the updated volume management data 152 to the copyright data creation unit 205.
- the copyright data creation unit 205 creates volume copyright data 134 based on the volume management data 152 updated by the volume management unit 203, and outputs it to the copyright data input / output unit 207.
- the copyright data input / output unit 207 writes the volume copyright data 134 created by the copyright data creation unit 205 into the flash RAM 132, and ends the processing.
- the power supply is temporarily turned off in the middle of the update processing of the file data A by the update processing of the file data A executed by the file system 120 as described above. This indicates that the original file system configuration for the file data A is maintained as it is, and that no inconsistencies occur in the file system even if the file system is reset or any other abnormal condition occurs.
- the application 122 does not need to be involved at all because the file system 120 performs all of these processes.
- one or both of the file copyright data A (164) and the management data in the file attribute data table 160 hold check data for falsification detection and information on encryption keys and digital watermarks. In the embodiment, it is also shown that if any part of the file data A (163) has been tampered with, it can be detected.
- the file management device includes: a first storage unit that stores a file and volume management data for managing a volume including the file; Data creation means for creating volume tampering detection data for detecting tampering of management data and the first storage means are physically located at different positions, and volume tampering detection created by the data creation means is provided.
- a second storage unit for storing data; and, when mounting the volume, reading the volume management data from the first storage unit and reading and reading the volume tampering detection data from the second storage unit.
- Data comparing means for comparing the volume management data with the volume tampering detection data
- mounting means for mounting the volume when the data comparison means determines that the volume has not been tampered with.
- the first storage means stores a file and volume management data for managing a volume including the file.
- the data creation means creates volume tampering detection data for detecting tampering of the volume management data when writing the file.
- the second storage means arranged at a physically different position from the first storage means stores the volume tampering detection data created by the data creation means.
- the volume management data is read out by the first storage means by the data comparison means, and the volume tampering detection data is read out by the second storage means, and the read volume management data is read by the data comparison means.
- the data is compared with volume tampering detection data. If the data comparison means determines that there is no tampering, the volume is mounted by the mounting means.
- the first storage means further stores file management data for managing the file
- the data creation means stores the file management data when writing a file.
- File tampering detection data for detecting data tampering is further created
- the second storage means further stores the file tampering detection data created by the data creation means, and Means for reading the file management data from the first storage means when reading the file, opening the file falsification detection data from the second storage means, and reading the read file management data and the file.
- the data is further compared with the falsification detection data, and if the falsification is judged by the file data comparing means to be falsification It is preferable that the file further comprises an orb main routine open means.
- the first storage means further stores file management data for managing files. Then, when data is written to the file, the data creation means generates file tampering detection data for detecting tampering of the file management data. Sarapiko is created.
- the second storage means further stores the file falsification detection data created by the data creation means. Then, when the file is opened, the file management data is also read out from the first storage means by the data comparison means, and the file tampering detection data is read out from the second storage means when the file is opened. The file tampering detection data is further compared with the data. If the file data comparison means determines that there is no falsification, the file is opened by the open means.
- the first storage unit stores the file management data in association with the file tampering detection data.
- the file management data since the file management data is stored in association with the file tampering detection data, the file management data can be reliably compared with the file tampering detection data.
- the first storage unit stores the file management data including data that can specify the file tampering detection data.
- the file management data including the data capable of specifying the file tampering detection data is stored. Therefore, the file management data is associated with the file management data with reference to the data capable of specifying the file tampering detection data. File tampering detection data can be specified.
- the data creation unit may create new file tampering detection data after updating the file tampering detection data. It is preferable to change data that can specify file tampering detection data so as to specify new file tampering detection data.
- the new file tampering detection data is created by the data creation means, and then the new file tampering detection data is created. The data that can specify file tampering detection data is changed so that the detection data is specified.
- the first storage means when updating the file tampering detection data and the data capable of specifying the file tampering detection data, stores the file tampering detection data before updating. Identifiable data and data capable of identifying new file tampering detection data are stored, and the data creation means creates new file tampering detection data, and then identifies new file tampering detection data. As described above, it is preferable that the data capable of specifying the file tampering detection data be changed, and the data capable of specifying the file tampering detection data before update stored in the first storage unit be deleted.
- the first storage means can specify the file tampering detection data before the update. New data and data that can specify new file falsification detection data are stored. Then, after the new file tampering detection data is created by the data creating means, the data capable of identifying the file tampering detection data is changed so as to identify the new file tampering detection data, and stored in the first storage means. The data that can be used to identify the file tampering detection data before the update is deleted.
- the data creation means may include generation management information of all or some files included in the volume, and error check codes of all or some files included in the volume.
- the volume tampering detection data including all or part of the remaining recording capacity of the volume, all or part of the volume management data of the volume, and information unique to the recording medium on which the volume is recorded. It is preferable to do so.
- the data creation means uses the generation management information of all or some of the files contained in the volume, the error check code of all or some of the files contained in the volume, and the rest of the volume.
- Volume tampering detection data including all or part of the recording capacity, all or part of the volume management data of the volume, and information unique to the recording medium on which the volume is recorded is created. Therefore, since the volume tampering detection data including such information is compared with the volume management data, it is possible to reliably detect tampering of the volume.
- the data creation means includes: file size information, file recording start time information, file recording end time information, file encryption key, and file encryption key. All or one of the information indicating the path of the recorded area, the hash value of all or some data included in the file, and the error check code of all or some data included in the file. It is preferable to create the file tampering detection data including the part.
- the data creation means records the file size information, the file recording start time information, the file recording end time information, the file encryption key, and the file. !, Information indicating the path of the area, all or some of the hash value of all or some of the data contained in the file, and all or some of the error check code of all or some of the data contained in the file.
- the file tampering detection data including the following is created. Therefore, the file tampering detection data including such information is compared with the file management data, so that tampering of the file can be reliably detected.
- the file management method includes a data creation step of creating volume tampering detection data for detecting tampering of the volume management data at the time of writing a file, storing the file and storing the file.
- a first storage step of storing volume management data for managing the included volume in the first storage means, and the volume tampering detection data created in the data creation step is stored in the first storage means.
- volume tampering detection data for detecting tampering of volume management data is created.
- the file is stored, and volume management data for managing the volume including the file is stored in the first storage means.
- the volume tampering detection data created in the data creation step is stored in the second storage means arranged at a physically different position from the first storage means.
- the data comparison step at the time of mounting the volume, the volume management data is read out from the first storage means and the volume tampering detection data is read out from the second storage means, and the read volume management data and the volume are read. The data is compared with the data for detecting the alteration of the volume. If it is determined in the data comparison step that the data has not been tampered with, the volume is mounted in the mounting step.
- the file management program stores a file and stores first volume management data for managing a volume including the file.
- a data creation means for creating volume tampering detection data for detecting tampering of the volume management data at the time of writing a file, and the first storage means are arranged at physically different positions, and Second storage means for storing the volume tampering detection data created by the means, and reading the volume management data from the first storage means and mounting the volume tampering detection data at the time of mounting the volume.
- the storage means read out, the data comparison means for comparing the read volume management data with the volume tampering detection data, and the mounting means for mounting the volume when the data comparison means determines that there is no tampering. Make your computer work.
- the first storage means stores the file and volume management data for managing the volume including the file.
- the data creation means creates volume tampering detection data for detecting tampering of the volume management data when writing the file.
- the second storage means arranged at a physically different position from the first storage means stores the volume tampering detection data created by the data creation means.
- the volume management data is read out by the first storage means by the data comparison means, and the volume tampering detection data is read out by the second storage means, and the read volume management data is read by the data comparison means.
- the data is compared with volume tampering detection data. If the data comparison means determines that there is no tampering, the volume is mounted by the mounting means.
- a computer-readable recording medium that records the file management program according to the present invention includes: a first storage unit that stores a file and volume management data for managing a volume including the file; Creates volume tampering detection data to detect tampering of the volume management data when writing files And a first storage unit that is physically different from the first storage unit and stores volume tampering detection data created by the data creation unit.
- volume management data is read from the first storage means at the time of mounting the volume
- volume tampering detection data is read from the second storage means when the volume is mounted.
- a computer is set up as data comparing means for comparing the data with the tampering detection data, and when the data comparing means determines that there is no tampering, the computer serves as mounting means for mounting the volume.
- the first storage means stores a file and also stores volume management data for managing a volume including the file.
- the data creation means creates volume tampering detection data for detecting tampering of the volume management data when writing the file.
- the second storage means arranged at a physically different position from the first storage means stores the volume tampering detection data created by the data creation means.
- the volume management data is read out by the first storage means by the data comparison means, and the volume tampering detection data is read out by the second storage means, and the read volume management data is read by the data comparison means.
- the data is compared with volume tampering detection data. If the data comparison means determines that there is no tampering, the volume is mounted by the mounting means.
- the present invention reduces the processing load of an application by managing and updating a file, and also greatly reduces the application development process by managing and updating files. File system consistency even when an abnormal situation such as power off occurs while the system is performing file update processing It is possible to ensure the maintenance.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05721127A EP1752879A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-03-18 | File management device, file management method, file management program, and computer-readable recording medium containing the file management program |
US10/568,180 US20070033235A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-03-18 | File management device, file management method, file management program, and computer-readable recording medium containing the file management program |
JP2006519432A JPWO2005111809A1 (ja) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-03-18 | ファイル管理装置、ファイル管理方法、ファイル管理プログラム及びファイル管理プログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 |
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JP2004-143474 | 2004-05-13 | ||
JP2004143474 | 2004-05-13 |
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EP (1) | EP1752879A1 (ja) |
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CN (1) | CN1820259A (ja) |
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WO2023135653A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-07-20 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 検知装置、検知方法および検知プログラム |
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US20090193176A1 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-07-30 | Universal Scientific Industrial Co., Ltd | Data storage device having a built-in display |
US8307096B2 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2012-11-06 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and system for managing the transfer of files among multiple computer systems |
WO2013163477A1 (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-31 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Systems and methods for segment integrity and authenticity for adaptive streaming |
JP6958241B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-31 | 2021-11-02 | 富士通株式会社 | 変更検出プログラム、変更検出方法および変更検出装置 |
CN110097037B (zh) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-10-01 | 天津联图科技有限公司 | 智能监测方法、装置、存储介质及电子设备 |
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- 2005-03-18 EP EP05721127A patent/EP1752879A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-18 WO PCT/JP2005/004940 patent/WO2005111809A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-18 CN CNA2005800006064A patent/CN1820259A/zh active Pending
- 2005-03-18 KR KR1020067000336A patent/KR20070006655A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-18 US US10/568,180 patent/US20070033235A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-18 JP JP2006519432A patent/JPWO2005111809A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
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WO2023135653A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-07-20 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 検知装置、検知方法および検知プログラム |
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JPWO2005111809A1 (ja) | 2008-03-27 |
KR20070006655A (ko) | 2007-01-11 |
US20070033235A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
CN1820259A (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
EP1752879A1 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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