WO2005108652A1 - Revetement anodise pour articles en aluminium - Google Patents

Revetement anodise pour articles en aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005108652A1
WO2005108652A1 PCT/SE2004/000702 SE2004000702W WO2005108652A1 WO 2005108652 A1 WO2005108652 A1 WO 2005108652A1 SE 2004000702 W SE2004000702 W SE 2004000702W WO 2005108652 A1 WO2005108652 A1 WO 2005108652A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
aluminium
anodized
surface coating
anodizing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2004/000702
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Björn Larsson
Original Assignee
Sca Hygiene Products Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sca Hygiene Products Ab filed Critical Sca Hygiene Products Ab
Priority to PCT/SE2004/000702 priority Critical patent/WO2005108652A1/fr
Publication of WO2005108652A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005108652A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C25D11/08—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K10/00—Body-drying implements; Toilet paper; Holders therefor
    • A47K10/24—Towel dispensers, e.g. for piled-up or folded textile towels; Toilet-paper dispensers; Dispensers for piled-up or folded textile towels provided or not with devices for taking-up soiled towels as far as not mechanically driven
    • A47K10/32—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet-paper
    • A47K10/42—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet-paper dispensing from a store of single sheets, e.g. stacked
    • A47K10/426—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet-paper dispensing from a store of single sheets, e.g. stacked dispensing from the front or sides of the dispenser
    • A47K10/427—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet-paper dispensing from a store of single sheets, e.g. stacked dispensing from the front or sides of the dispenser with means for urging the whole stack towards the dispensing opening, e.g. a spring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K10/00—Body-drying implements; Toilet paper; Holders therefor
    • A47K10/24—Towel dispensers, e.g. for piled-up or folded textile towels; Toilet-paper dispensers; Dispensers for piled-up or folded textile towels provided or not with devices for taking-up soiled towels as far as not mechanically driven
    • A47K10/32—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet-paper
    • A47K2010/3233—Details of the housing, e.g. hinges, connection to the wall

Definitions

  • the invention relates to anodized coating for aluminium surfaces of household and restaurant appliances and articles, in particular for dispensers for individual webs, provided with a coating having an optimized abrasion resistance and a high performance corrosion resistance, which coating is manufactured in a cost effective and environmentally safe manner.
  • the outer surfaces of household and restaurant appliances and articles such as a dispenser for individual folded webs, which articles are often exposed to abrasive wear.
  • the outer surfaces may comprise a metal such as sheet steel.
  • many metal surfaces corrode over time when exposed to the atmosphere. Such corrosion typically results from oxidation of the exposed metal on the surface, as for example when iron rusts. Corrosion of metal surfaces is generally undesirable, as it weakens the structural integrity of the metal and degrades the appearance of the metal surface.
  • coatings have been applied to metal surfaces to shield the metal surface from the atmosphere and prevent oxidation.
  • Simplistic coatings well known in the prior art, include paints and varnishes which are applied over the surface of the metal. While efficacious in preventing corrosion, such coatings are generally coloured, and cover the surface to prevent viewing the metal surface. In addition, coatings of this type may not provide sufficient abrasive wear properties.
  • stainless steel may partially solve the problem of abrasive wear.
  • stainless steel has severe limitations with respect to how it may be shaped. For this very reason, such products are as a rule limited to products that may be produced from steel sheet or by pressing or stamping.
  • a material that can be shaped using most metalworking processes, including extruding, is aluminium.
  • Aluminium and its alloys have found a variety of industrial and household applications in the form of sheets, strips, bars, rods, tubes, structural members, household appliances and utensils, hardware and a host of other articles. Because of its light weight and tendency toward surface corrosion, it has been necessary to provide a suitable resistant coating on the surface of the metal in order to impart structural strength thereto and to protect it against corrosion, abrasion and/or environmental degradation. Some protection has been afforded the metal by painting or enamelling its surface. However, the protection afforded the metal by painting or enamelling has not been satisfactory because such organic coatings degrade at high temperatures and frequently they adhere poorly to the metal surfaces, particularly when subjected to temperature variations.
  • alkali silicate coatings have been used for aluminium surfaces, and generally consist of a transparent or translucent glass-like layer over the surface of the metal to shield it from the atmosphere. While possessing desirable clarity properties, the prior art silicate coatings are generally unsuited for high performance corrosion protection. This is because prior art coating processes are incapable of producing a silicate coating that is free from microscopic defects. Where such defects exist on the surface of the coating, there is increased likelihood that the coating will fail, and the metal surface may become exposed to the atmosphere at the point of the defect, with resulting corrosion.
  • metal surfaces coated with prior art silicate coatings are therefore susceptible to "pitting" over time, the pits appearing at points on the surface where defects are present in the coating.
  • the metal may be anodized in a variety of electrolytic solutions. While anodization of aluminium afford the metal surface is a more effective protective coating against corrosion or degradation than painting or enamelling, the resulting coated metal has not always been satisfactory that it is not sufficiently resistant against abrasive wear. Some anodizing processes do not allow a sufficient coating thickness to form, while other processes are too costly, too time consuming, or involve the use of environmentally hazardous chemicals. A number of alternative processes, with their pros and cons, will be discussed in the following text.
  • Anodizing or anodic oxide coating is a coating of aluminium oxide that is grown from the aluminium by passing an electrical current through an acid electrolyte bath in which the aluminium is immersed.
  • the purpose of anodizing is to form a layer of aluminium oxide that will protect the aluminium beneath it.
  • the aluminium oxide layer has much higher corrosion and abrasion resistance than aluminium.
  • Alkaline and/or acid cleaners remove grease, and surface dirt.
  • the anodic film is built and combined with the metal by passing an electrical current through an acid electrolyte bath in which the aluminium is immersed.
  • the coating thickness and surface characteristics are tightly controlled to meet end product specifications.
  • Colouring An optional step that may be achieved in one of four different ways: • Electrolytic Colouring • Integral Colouring • Organic Dyeing • Interference Colouring 5. Sealing. This process closes the pores in the anodic film, giving a surface resistant to staining, abrasion, crazing and colour degradation.
  • the surface of the aluminium itself is toughened and hardened to a degree unmatched by any other process or material.
  • the coating is 30 percent thicker than the metal it replaces, since the volume of oxide produced is greater than that of the metal replaced.
  • the resulting anodic coating is porous, allowing relatively easy colouring and sealing.
  • a Type I A anodizing process involves the use of chromic acid. This is not suitable for alloys with more than 5% copper. The film is thinner, but very durable. The very thin film is also a benefit when very close tolerances must be maintained. However, because chromic acid is a very nasty chemical, its use on an amateur basis is discouraged, and its commercial use may be closely regulated.
  • a commercial plant will first clean and etch the surface in a caustic solution, such as lye (sodium hydroxide), followed by a thorough wash.
  • the parts are placed in an acid solution, such as 15-25% sulphuric acid, and connected to the positive source of a power supply.
  • the part(s) comprise the anode, and a cathode, that may be lead, lead sheet, or the whole tank might be lead.
  • An appropriate current density is applied, e.g. 1.5 A/dm 2 (12 asf) over a period of 15-25 minutes if no dying is planned, or 45-60 minutes for dying.
  • Dying is an optional step before sealing of the surface. Sealing is then done by means of hot water seal, which changes the film from gamma aluminium oxide a hydrated form called boehmite. This process may take about 20 minutes.
  • the predominant anodizing process today is the Type II process, which is also the process used for the invention.
  • Coatings 2-25 ⁇ m thick may be formed in a 15 % solution sulphuric acid, 1.1-2.2 A/dm 2 (10-20 asf), 18-24 volts, 20 °C for 10-60 min.
  • Approximately one third of the resulting coating thickness is build-up, while the other two thirds of the coating is penetration into the aluminium.
  • This coating is optionally organically dyed or coloured with deposited metals (two-step).
  • Most anodizing involves this method, although other acids are available for specialty purposes. An example of such acids is organic acids.
  • the electrolytic process comprises immersing the aluminium metal in the bath, in which aluminium serves as the anode A second metal which is cathodic with respect to aluminium is also immersed in the bath#
  • the bath is placed in a container which itself is cathodic relative to: the aluminium metals
  • a voltage "shock' is then applied to the aluminium metal by imposing a voltage potential between the two electrodes which is quickly raised to about 300 volts within about 2 to about 10 seconds Thereafter, the voltage is increased gradually to about 450 volts within a few minutes to form the desired coating thickness.
  • Clear anodizing usually means sulphuric acid anodizing followed by hot water seal. This is the most widely used anodized coating. It may be used on some aluminium alloys as a final surface finish. Optionally, immersing the anodized coating in a dye solution before sealing may create an attractive coloured surface for consumer products.
  • a Type III anodizing process also known as Hard Anodizing, is a term used to describe the production of anodized coatings with film hardness or abrasion resistance as their primary characteristic. These coatings are usually thick by normal anodizing standards (greater than 25 ⁇ m) and they are produced using special anodizing conditions, such as very low temperatures, high current density 2.7-3.8 A/dm 2 (25-35 asf), and using special electrolytes. They find application in the engineering industry for components which require a very wear resistant surface such as piston, cylinders and hydraulic gear. They are often left unsealed, but may be impregnated with materials such as waxes or silicone fluids to give particular surface properties.
  • Hard coat Anodizing (Type III) is produced by immersing the aluminium components into an electrolyte solution. Because the acid bath used for hard coating is maintained at a cool temperature, there is no risk of thermal or physical distortion of the aluminium parts. Hard coat penetrates the base metal as much as it builds up on the surface. Hard coat anodizing may be provided in thicknesses from about 13 to 115 ⁇ m, but in commercial applications it is commonly used in thicknesses in excess of 25 ⁇ m. Commonly, the term "coating thickness" includes both the build-up and the penetration. This applies to all embodiment and examples given in this text.
  • Anodizing is sensitive to the type of alloy.
  • alloys for die casting have a lot of silicon, which makes it pour and mould well, but it makes anodizing almost impossible.
  • the process preferred for the invention is the Type II Sulphuric Acid Anodizing process.
  • This process yield a harder surface than the Type I A B processes, as it allows for a thicker coating.
  • the process is also preferable over the Type III hard anodizing process, which requires a higher current density and a longer period of time to complete the process. This makes the process more expensive and time consuming compared to the Type II process.
  • special electrolytes may be required, which may involve handling of environmentally hazardous chemicals. Waste water from an anodizing plant can be treated and purified in a municipal sewage water treatment facility.
  • the invention primarily relates to household and restaurant appliances and articles, such as a dispenser for individual folded webs, which articles are exposed to abrasive wear
  • the dispenser is preferably, but not necessarily, designed for dispensing folded sheet products from a stack of individual folded webs.
  • the term "individual webs" is defined as including either of individually stacked webs, overfolded webs or interfolded webs, or similarly arranged sheet products.
  • the webs may or may not be joined by manually separable perforations or by a number of local attachment zones or connecting points.
  • the stack of individual folded webs may be a stack of fibrous webs.
  • the stack of folded webs is a stack of absorbent sheets or webs such as, for example, absorbent non- woven products. More desirably, the stack of folded webs is a stack of absorbent fibrous or paper sheets or webs such as, for example, napkins, towels, tissues or the like.
  • the thickness should be in excess of 10 ⁇ m, preferably in excess of 15 ⁇ m, or most preferable between 15 and 25 ⁇ m.
  • Anodizing is a reacted finish that is integrated with the underlying aluminium for total bonding and unmatched adhesion. Exterior anodic coatings provide good stability to ultraviolet rays, do not chip or peel, and are easily repeatable. Scars and wear from fabrication, handling, installation, frequent surface dirt cleaning and usage are virtually nonexistent. Rinsing or mild soap and water cleaning usually will restore an anodized surface to its original appearance. Mild abrasive cleaners can be used for more difficult deposits. Anodizing offers a large increasing number of gloss and colour alternatives and minimizes or eliminates colour variations. Unlike other finishes, anodizing allows the aluminium to maintain its metallic appearance.
  • Anodizing by means of a Type II process is a safe process that is not harmful to human health.
  • An anodized finish is chemically stable, will not decompose; is non-toxic; and is heat-resistant to the melting point of aluminium. Since the anodizing process is a reinforcement of a naturally occurring oxide process, it is non-hazardous and produces no harmful or dangerous by-products.
  • the anodizing process does create a byproduct composed primarily of aluminium hydroxide, some aluminium sulphate and water, which products may be recycled for e.g. water treatment purposes. It is harmless because it contains no significant amounts of heavy metals.
  • Figure 1 shows a dispenser provided with an anodized surface coating according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a diagram for the wear resistance of anodized coatings with a thickness of 28-29 ⁇ m
  • Figure 3 shows a diagram for the wear resistance of anodized coatings with a thickness of 20-22 ⁇ m;
  • Figure 4 shows a diagram for the wear resistance of anodized coatings with a thickness of 12-15 ⁇ m
  • Figure 5 shows a diagram for the wear resistance of anodized coatings with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m
  • Figure 6 shows a diagram for the average wear resistance of the anodized coatings of Figures 2-5;
  • Figure 7 shows a diagram for the wear resistance of powder coated sheet steel with a coating thickness of 145-157 ⁇ m
  • Figure 8 shows a diagram for the wear resistance of coloured plastic
  • Figure 9 shows a diagram for the wear resistance of stainless steel
  • Figure 10 shows a diagram for the scrub resistance of anodized coatings having an initial thickness of 17-18 ⁇ m;
  • Figure 11 shows a diagram for the scrub resistance of a test sample of powder coated sheet steel with a thickness of 108-119 ⁇ m.
  • the invention relates to anodized coating for aluminium surfaces of household and restaurant appliances and articles, in particular for a dispenser for individual webs.
  • Figure 1 shows a dispenser according to a first embodiment of the invention, which dispenser 1 comprises a central body 2, a front panel 3 and a rear panel 4 at opposite ends of said body.
  • the front panel 3 is provided with a dispensing opening 5 for folded paper products such as a paper napkin 6.
  • the central body is made from an extruded aluminium section that may be provided with an anodized, or anodic surface coating.
  • Such an anodized coating has an optimized abrasion resistance and a high performance corrosion resistance, which coating is manufactured in a cost effective and environmentally safe manner.
  • the aluminium section is processed in a number of steps before the final surface coating is applied.
  • a first step the section is given a relatively thin anodized surface of 1-3 ⁇ m, which allows it to be handled in subsequent steps without damaging the outer surface.
  • the section is machined to provide openings and guide surfaces for at least one locking mechanism and an optional window for monitoring the level of remaining webs in the container.
  • the outer surface is brushed to remove any burr from the machining step and to round off all edges and corners accessible to the operator or user of the final dispenser. The brushing operation also gives the outer walls a surface structure that, when anodized and sealed, is relatively insensitive to fingerprints and gives an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
  • the section is anodized to the required coating thickness and sealed.
  • the anodizing process used for the invention is the Type II process, which is also the process used for the invention.
  • coatings 2-25 ⁇ m thick may be formed in a 15 % solution sulphuric acid, 1.1-2.2 A/dm 2 (10-20 asf), at 18-24 volts, 20 °C (room temperature) for 10-60 min.
  • thicknesses up to about 30 ⁇ m are, possible to achieve with this method.
  • Approximately one third of the resulting coating thickness is build-up, while the other two thirds of the coating is penetration into the aluminium.
  • the coating thickness referred to is the thickness including both the build-up and the depth of penetration into the aluminium.
  • the wear resistance of the anodized coating used for the invention, and for a number of comparative examples, has been tested using a modified Swedish industrial standard (SIS) testing method SIS 18 41 65. This method will substantially correspond to the US testing method ASTM D968-51.
  • SIS Swedish industrial standard
  • the test is performed at an ambient temperature of 23 ⁇ 2°C and at 50 ⁇ 5 % relative humidity.
  • the test involves a particular type of sand that is allowed to fall at a predetermined rate onto a test surface angle at 45° to the horizontal plane.
  • the wear resistance is given as the wear on the coating in ⁇ m over the amount of sand used in kg.
  • the sand created a crescent-shaped area. This was also the case for the anodized samples.
  • the non-coated samples were exposed to a total amount of 400 kg of aluminium oxide sand.
  • the test is performed at an ambient temperature of 23 ⁇ 2°C and at 50 ⁇ 5 % relative humidity.
  • the test involves a particular type of brush that is held against a test surface under a predetermined load.
  • the brush is rubbed back and forth over a test surface in a horizontal plane over a number of cycles, where each movement back and forth constitutes one cycle.
  • the scrub resistance is given as the wear on the coating in ⁇ m over the number of cycles (n).
  • the coating thickness for anodized aluminium and powder coated steel sheet was measured using a "MiniTest 2100" coating thickness gauge made by ElectroPhysik ®. Each of the test values given in the Examples 1-4 below represents a series of five measurements. Abrasive wear on the non-coated samples made from plastic and stainless steel was measured using a "Johanssons Safir 7" device that uses the original surface as a zero reference. Subsequent wear on the surface will give a negative value relative to the reference surface, with an accuracy within ⁇ 3 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 2 shows the wear resistance of anodized coatings having an initial thickness of 28-29 ⁇ m.
  • the test series was performed on three samples. Three test series are plotted with the symbols ( ⁇ , ⁇ and 0), and a curve indicating the average values of the series is plotted with the symbol (X). Measurements of the coating thickness were taken for every 40 kg of sand, up to 400 kg.
  • Figure 3 shows the wear resistance of anodized coatings having an initial thickness of 20-22 ⁇ m.
  • the test series was performed on three samples. Three test series are plotted with the symbols ( ⁇ ), (D) and (0), and a curve indicating the average values of the series is plotted with the symbol (X). Measurements of the coating thickness were taken for every 40 kg of sand, up to 280 kg.
  • Figure 4 shows the wear resistance of anodized coatings having an initial thickness of 12-15 ⁇ m.
  • the test series was performed on three samples. Three test series are plotted with the symbols ( ⁇ ), (D) and (0), and a curve indicating the average values of the series is plotted with the symbol (X). Measurements of the coating thickness were taken for every 40 kg of sand, up to 160 kg.
  • Example 3
  • Figure 5 shows the wear resistance of anodized coatings having an initial thickness of about 10 ⁇ m.
  • the test series was performed on two samples. Two test series are plotted with the symbols ( ⁇ ), ( ⁇ ) and (0), and a curve indicating the average values of the series is plotted with the symbol (X). Measurements of coating the thickness were taken for every 40 kg of sand, up to 120 kg.
  • Figure 6 shows the average wear resistance of each of the anodized coatings of Figures 2-5.
  • Four averaged test series for the different thicknesses are plotted with the symbols ( ⁇ ), (D), (0) and (X). The average values are taken from the tables of examples 1-4.
  • Figure 7 shows the wear resistance of a test sample of powder coated sheet steel having an initial thickness of 145-157 ⁇ m.
  • the test series was performed on three samples. Three test series are plotted with the symbols ( ⁇ ), (D) and (0), and a curve indicating the average values of the series is plotted with the symbol (X). Measurements of coating thickness were taken for every 40 kg of sand.
  • Figure 8 shows the wear resistance of a test sample of coloured plastic (coloured throughout). The test series was performed on a single sample. The test is plotted with the symbol (0), resulting in a curve indicating the amount of wear into the surface of the sample from an initial surface level. Measurements of surface wear were taken for every 100 kg of sand, in the interval 200-400 kg.
  • Figure 9 shows the wear resistance of a test sample of stainless steel sheet.
  • the test series was performed on a single sample.
  • the test is plotted with the symbol (0), resulting in a curve indicating the amount of wear into the surface of the sample from an initial surface level.
  • a measurement of surface wear was taken for a single point at 400 kg of sand, where the surface wear was assumed to be constant. Apart from surface wear caused by the flowing sand, an unexpected, noticeable deformation at the point of impact could be observed after completion of the test. Although the total value for the measurement after 400 kg of sand was -42 ⁇ m, the deformation was determined to be 20 ⁇ m. Hence, the actual surface wear was -22 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 10 shows the scrub resistance of anodized coatings having an initial thickness of 17-18 ⁇ m.
  • the test series was performed on three samples. Three test series are plotted with the symbols ( ⁇ , ⁇ and 0), and a curve indicating the average values of the series is plotted with the symbol (X). Measurements of coating thickness were taken for every 2000 cycles, up to 10.000 cycles. The average value has been extrapolated to 10.000 cycles.
  • Figure 11 shows the scrub resistance of a test sample of powder coated sheet steel having an initial thickness of 108-119 ⁇ m.
  • the test series was performed on three samples. Three test series are plotted with the symbols ( ⁇ ), ( ⁇ ) and (0), and a curve indicating the average values of the series is plotted with the symbol (X). Measurements of coating thickness were taken for every 2000 cycles, up to 10.000 cycles.
  • Stainless steel is comparable to anodized aluminium with respect to wear resistance.
  • the material has a number of disadvantages, such as shaping and colouring limitations, sensitivity to fingerprints and relatively high costs for manufacturing said articles.
  • the tests also revealed that a stainless steel sheet in the thickness used for a dispenser or similar articles may be prone to surface deformation.
  • Anodized aluminium has nearly the same wear resistance as stainless steel. Advantages associated with aluminium are properties such as low weight and ductility. The latter property allows it to be extruded into very complex profiles, which can substantially reduce manufacturing costs. In addition, the anodized surface is not sensitive to fingerprints and may be coloured without using an additional surface coating.
  • the wear resistance as measured by the above method, should be less than 0,1 ⁇ m/kg. In a further preferred embodiment the wear resistance should be less than 0,07 ⁇ m/kg.
  • the thickness should be in excess of 10 ⁇ m, preferably in excess of 15 ⁇ m. In view of a long term use a most preferable thickness range is 20 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un revêtement de surface pour une surface en aluminium d'appareils et d'articles électroménagers et de restauration, ledit revêtement de surface présentant une résistance à l'abrasion prédéterminée. Le revêtement de surface est un revêtement d'oxyde anodique présentant une résistance à l'abrasion inférieure à 0,1 νm par kg de sable.
PCT/SE2004/000702 2004-05-07 2004-05-07 Revetement anodise pour articles en aluminium WO2005108652A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007035139A1 (fr) * 2005-09-20 2007-03-29 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Distributeur

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2692851A (en) * 1950-04-22 1954-10-26 Aluminum Co Of America Method of forming hard, abrasionresistant coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys
FR2014388A1 (en) * 1968-06-28 1970-04-17 Guggenberger Michel Kg Non stick frying pan
CH507378A (de) * 1966-07-18 1971-05-15 Riken Almite Industry Co Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung von gefärbten anodisch oxydierten Folien aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen
US3919905A (en) * 1968-05-09 1975-11-18 Paul D Hoffman Paper dispenser
JPS5162151A (en) * 1974-11-28 1976-05-29 Hokusei Aluminium Co Ltd Aruminiumuno yokyokusankahoho
GB2134374A (en) * 1983-02-09 1984-08-15 Nassiri Motlagh Ali Multi-purpose drinking/eating vessels
JPH06322590A (ja) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-22 Fujikura Ltd 炊飯器におけるアルミニウム製内側部材の表面処理方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2692851A (en) * 1950-04-22 1954-10-26 Aluminum Co Of America Method of forming hard, abrasionresistant coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys
CH507378A (de) * 1966-07-18 1971-05-15 Riken Almite Industry Co Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung von gefärbten anodisch oxydierten Folien aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen
US3919905A (en) * 1968-05-09 1975-11-18 Paul D Hoffman Paper dispenser
FR2014388A1 (en) * 1968-06-28 1970-04-17 Guggenberger Michel Kg Non stick frying pan
JPS5162151A (en) * 1974-11-28 1976-05-29 Hokusei Aluminium Co Ltd Aruminiumuno yokyokusankahoho
GB2134374A (en) * 1983-02-09 1984-08-15 Nassiri Motlagh Ali Multi-purpose drinking/eating vessels
JPH06322590A (ja) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-22 Fujikura Ltd 炊飯器におけるアルミニウム製内側部材の表面処理方法

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Title
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class M11, AN 1976-53295X, XP002903894 *
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class M11, AN 1995-041751, XP002903893 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007035139A1 (fr) * 2005-09-20 2007-03-29 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Distributeur
EP1940275A1 (fr) * 2005-09-20 2008-07-09 SCA Hygiene Products AB Distributeur
US8256644B2 (en) 2005-09-20 2012-09-04 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Dispenser
EP1940275A4 (fr) * 2005-09-20 2014-12-17 Sca Hygiene Prod Ab Distributeur

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