WO2005098458A1 - Detecteur de courant - Google Patents

Detecteur de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005098458A1
WO2005098458A1 PCT/EP2005/003584 EP2005003584W WO2005098458A1 WO 2005098458 A1 WO2005098458 A1 WO 2005098458A1 EP 2005003584 W EP2005003584 W EP 2005003584W WO 2005098458 A1 WO2005098458 A1 WO 2005098458A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
winding
current sensor
coupling element
current
sensor according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/003584
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Naumann
Markus Miklis
Original Assignee
Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh filed Critical Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh
Publication of WO2005098458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005098458A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/18—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
    • G01R15/181—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers using coils without a magnetic core, e.g. Rogowski coils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a current sensor for detecting current changes as a result of arcs in the frequency range between 400 kHz and 60 MHz.
  • a current sensor based on the principle of the Rogowski coil is often used to measure a current flowing through a primary conductor.
  • This sensor which consists of an air coil without a ferromagnetic core, provides an output signal in the form of a voltage that is proportional to the current flowing through the primary conductor.
  • Such a Rogowski coil is therefore also used in particular to detect a time-varying electrical current.
  • the variable magnetic field between the ends of the coil conductor led around the primary conductor induces the voltage which is dependent on the change in the current over time.
  • the Rogowski coil is usually realized by an electrically conductive coil in the form of wire-shaped conductors wound on a toroidal body made of non-ferromagnetic material or by conductor tracks that radially on a non-conductive plate provided with a central hole are arranged running to the center of the hole.
  • the primary conductor carrying the current to be detected is guided centrally through the opening formed by the toroidal body or through the plate hole.
  • Rogowski coil requires a relatively large-area sensor design.
  • the measurable signal level is very small, which requires complex and therefore expensive electronics for signal evaluation.
  • interference fields are also detected with a Rogowski coil.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a current sensor which is particularly suitable for detecting events as a result of arcs.
  • the current sensor should reliably detect rapid changes in current or, in particular, steep-edged current increases (dl / dt) with the least possible effort.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
  • the current sensor comprises a ferromagnetic coupling element and a sensor winding surrounding it with a number of sensor windings, and an excitation winding carrying the current to be detected.
  • a current or voltage signal can be tapped at the connection ends of the sensor winding, which results from the change in slope (d 2 lp / dt 2 ) as a result of high-frequency signal components in the current signal and the damping or amplification as a result of the coupling of the sensor winding to the excitation winding via the ferromagnetic coupling element.
  • This signal is expediently sampled in an analog / digital converter, for example by means of a comparator or 1-bit converter.
  • the detectable frequency range is between approximately 400 kHz and approximately 60 MHz.
  • the essential assembly of the sensor consisting of the sensor winding and the coupling element made of ferromagnetic material, is coupled to the excitation winding by forming a distance via the coupling element.
  • both the sensor and the excitation winding expediently surround the coupling element, forming an insulation distance.
  • the field winding and the sensor winding are arranged next to one another to form a distance on the coupling element.
  • the field winding preferably coaxially surrounds the sensor winding, the coupling element then lying axially in the center of the sensor.
  • This variant has the advantage that a practically arbitrary conductor thickness, ie. H. a winding conductor with a comparatively large conductor diameter can be used.
  • the primary conductor carrying the current to be measured is therefore not passed through a sensor coil, but rather runs on or on the common coupling element adjacent to or above the sensor winding.
  • the excitation winding which carries the current whose rapid current changes are to be recorded, comprises a quarter turn to ten turns.
  • the excitation winding can represent an elongated conductor or comprise half a turn, that is to say a loop open on one side, an entire turn or even several turns.
  • the field winding expediently comprises at least one half be turn, preferably one and a half turns.
  • the number of turns of the secondary winding can be half a turn to fifteen turns or more than fifteen turns.
  • the detectable frequency range from approx. 400 kHz to approx. 60 MHz and the size of the signal that can be picked up at the sensor development are influenced by the mass, the material and the geometry of the coupling element as well as by the number of turns of the excitation or sensor winding and their geometric arrangement ,
  • the coupling element expediently consists of a preferably cylindrical ferrite core, which can also be hollow.
  • a diameter of 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 2 mm, and a length of 2 mm to 40 mm, preferably 15 mm, are particularly suitable.
  • the number of excitation turns is preferably one and a half, while the number of sensor turns is preferably greater than or equal to four and a half.
  • the mass of the coupling element is between 0.1g and 2g, preferably 0.2g.
  • An evaluation electronics connected to the connection ends of the sensor winding, preferably in the form of an analog / digital converter with downstream signal processing, detects and processes directly the frequency-dependent sensor signal that can be tapped at the connections of the sensor winding, ie. H. a sensor signal with frequency-dependent amplitude. This signal generated by the sensor is larger or higher the higher the slope of the current change. Such a rapid current change (dl / dt) is stored in or by means of the coupling element and is thus damped or amplified.
  • the sensor signal that can be tapped at the connection ends of the sensor winding is standardized by means of the analog / digital converter to an adjustable value, the pulse height or logic voltage and pulse duration of which can be predetermined by a reference signal.
  • the pulse Duration or temporal pulse length of the output signal of the analog / digital converter is determined in particular by the mass of the coupling element and thus by the damping or amplification caused by the current sensor.
  • the samples of the signal digitized by means of the analog / digital converter are expediently counted or summed up.
  • the determined sum then contains a certain count value, which in turn can be assigned to a causal event.
  • the sum is greater, the more events have occurred per time unit of the scan. As a result of the summation, the data rate is reduced.
  • the discrete-time summation also enables simple signal evaluation.
  • the current sensor which is designed with the ferromagnetic coupling element in particular, provides a comparatively high signal level, in contrast to the Rogowski principle, with at the same time very small structural dimensions and therefore a small overall structure.
  • the signal levels are sufficiently high or high that simple processing is possible without further signal amplification.
  • the current sensor does not carry out a proportional current measurement, but reliably detects changes in the current strength in the frequency range to be detected from 400 kHz to ⁇ OMHhz.
  • the sensor winding of the current sensor is galvanically isolated from the current-carrying excitation conductor in a simple and reliable manner during the measurement, without the current sensor having to meet exact symmetry requirements.
  • the design of the sensor winding with respect to the current-carrying conductor is much freer.
  • the current sensor can thus be integrated into a housing with correspondingly small housing dimensions and / or advantageously also into a circuit breaker.
  • the current sensor itself does not require any further components, since due to the high signal level there are no agile signal processing is required.
  • signals in the frequency range from 400 kHz to 60 MHz can be reliably detected with regard to steep-edged current changes without additional filter measures. Practically every arc can be detected, which can always occur when two different voltage potentials on surfaces, conductors or the like. be performed and their electrical insulation to each other is insufficient.
  • Steep-edged current changes such as those generated by electrical consumers in the respective primary conductor, can also be reliably detected.
  • FIG. 1 schematically, in perspective, a current sensor according to the invention connected to a comparator with signal processing
  • FIG. 2a and 2b an end view of a sensor winding or an excitation winding of the current sensor
  • Fig. 3 in a diagram, the damping or amplification of the current sensor depending on the frequency
  • Fig. 4 schematically in a diagram, a current signal with steep-edged current change and a sensor output signal generated by the current sensor and a standardized output signal of the comparator
  • Fig. 5 in the upper part of the diagram a consumer current with interference components and in the lower part of the diagram an event rate as the output signal of the signal processing
  • Fig. 6 in a representation according to Fig. 5 the event rate as the output signal of the signal processing as a result of a switching operation
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of the current sensor according to the invention with the field winding coaxially surrounding the sensor winding.
  • the current sensor 1 comprises a sensor winding or coil 2 which, like an excitation winding 3, is wound around a common coupling element 4.
  • the cylindrical or rod-shaped and ferromagnetic coupling element 4 penetrates both windings 2, 3 in one piece.
  • the sensor winding 2 consisting of a plurality of sensor windings 5 and the excitation winding 3, which may also consist of a plurality of windings 6, are arranged on the coupling element 4, forming a distance a.
  • the coupling element 4 and the two windings 2, 3 are arranged in a sensor housing 7, the connection ends of the excitation winding 3 being guided inside the housing to corresponding connections 8a, 8b.
  • the housing 7 can also be that of an electronic circuit breaker or circuit breaker relay.
  • the distance b between the excitation winding 3 and the corresponding core end 4a of the coupling element 4 is preferably in the range of a few millimeters, eg. B. 2mm to 5mm.
  • the distance b should be equal to the width c of the excitation winding 3 on the coupling element 4.
  • the corresponding distance d between the sensor winding 2 and the opposite core end 4b can be dimensioned in the same order of magnitude.
  • the outer diameter D of the coupling element 4 is between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably 2 mm.
  • the length L of the coupling element 4 is between 2mm and 40mm, preferably 15mm.
  • the mass of the coupling element is between 0.1g and 2g, preferably 0.2g.
  • the secondary windings 5 of the sensor winding 2 are guided around the coupling element 4 to form an insulation distance f. This in turn depends on the electrical requirements.
  • the insulation distance f is formed by a suitable insulation medium or material, preferably air.
  • the excitation winding 3 is guided around the coupling element 4 with an insulation distance g.
  • the insulation medium is also preferably air.
  • the distances a, f and g are essentially dependent on the electrical and / or thermal insulation requirements specified by the intended use.
  • the number of secondary turns 5 for forming the sensor winding 2 is 1 A.
  • the sensor winding 2 can also have more or fewer turns, for example two to ten turns.
  • the number of excitation windings is V ⁇ in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the excitation winding 3 can be a conductor running at a distance g across the coupling element 4 and carrying the current Ip to be detected.
  • the field winding 3 is the line carrying the current Ip itself or a line section which can be connected to it.
  • a voltage is induced in the sensor winding 2 as a result of a temporal change dlp / dt of the current Ip and on the basis of a concentration of the magnetic field generated by the rapid current change achieved by means of the coupling element 4.
  • a voltage signal S with a relatively high signal level can be tapped at the connection ends 2a, 2b of the sensor winding 2.
  • the gradient change d 2 lp / dt 2 of the rapid current change detected by the current sensor 1 results in a signal S which is greater or stronger the more steeply the current change dlp / dt is.
  • such a rapid current change dlp / dt is stored in or by means of the coupling element 4 and thus extended in time, as is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically in the upper diagram the course of the detected excitation current Ip over time t with a steep-sided current change dlp / dt from a comparatively lower current value Ipi to a comparatively high current value lp 2 .
  • the middle representation in FIG. 4 shows the signal S at the inputs Ei of an analog / digital converter (A / D converter) 9 in response to the rapid current change or the change in the gradient d 2 lp / dt 2 .
  • Fig. 3 shows the dependence of the attenuation ⁇ of the signal S at the inputs Ei as a function of the frequency f for a sensor winding 2 with 4% turns and an excitation winding 3 with V ⁇ turns and a length L of the coupling element 4 of 15mm with an outer diameter D. of 2mm and a mass of the coupling element 4 of 0.2g.
  • the signal S which can be tapped at the sensor winding 2 is fed to the input Ei of the A / D converter 9, which is expediently designed as a comparator, of an evaluation device or electronics.
  • the further input E 2 of the comparator and thus of the A / D converter 9 designed as a 1 bit converter is a reference signal U R ⁇ f in the form of a voltage of z. B.
  • the A / D conversion converts the input or sensor signal S to the reference or logic voltage U Ref with a pulse width ⁇ t of z.
  • the pulse duration or temporal pulse length ⁇ t of the output signal P of the A / D converter 9 is in particular also determined by the mass of the coupling element 4 and thus by the damping ⁇ or amplification V of the signal S.
  • the sensor signal S normalized as a result of the A / D conversion at the output A of the converter 9 is illustrated in the lower illustration in FIG. 4. It can be seen that the A / D converter or comparator 9 responds to a rapid current increase dlp / dt with a short-time pulse P of the pulse length ⁇ t.
  • the output signals or digital values P of the A / D converter 9 are summed up in a processing device 10 connected downstream of this, hereinafter referred to as signal processing. Its input It is connected to the output A of the A / D converter 9.
  • a corresponding number or event rate R can be tapped off at a time interval at output B of signal processing 10.
  • the respective event rates R can - as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 - be represented graphically.
  • the A / D converter 9 and the signal processing 10 are also arranged in the sensor housing 7.
  • the output B of the signal processing 10 is routed to a corresponding, analog or digital connection 11, via which the event rates R can be read out.
  • Further connections 12, 13 are provided for the supply voltage U B or ground.
  • FIG. 5 shows several half-waves of an excitation current I with SHF interference as a result of high-frequency signal components. These high-frequency signal components, which are not qualitatively or only extremely difficult to detect with conventional current measurements or can only be detected with high measurement complexity, are detected as such by the current sensor 1.
  • the short-term pulses P are summed in the signal processing 10 for a simplified graphical representation to the event rate R in a time interval.
  • FIG. 6 shows a typical current signal Ip recorded by conventional means as a result of a consumer being switched off.
  • the course of the current signal Ip shows a decrease in the current Ip over time t as a result of the switching off of one of several consumers.
  • the signal shown in the lower part of the diagram shows the event rate R determined by the signal processing 10. The arc generated in the switch for a short time was detected by the current sensor 1.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the current sensor 1, in which the excitation winding 3 is not located next to but above the sensor winding 2. This in turn surrounds the coupling element 4.
  • Such a geometric configuration of the current sensor 1 has the advantage that the conductor cross section of the excitation winding 3 can be comparatively large.
  • the current sensor 1 also reliably detects such high-frequency current changes in a current Ip to be detected that would previously have been detectable only with considerable expenditure on measurement technology. Since such steep-edged current changes occur in particular in the event of arcing faults, which lead, for example, as a result of equipotential bonding between two different voltage potentials and e.g. B. neighboring conductors having insulation defects, the current sensor 1 is particularly suitable, particularly because of its small dimensions and simple evaluation, also for detecting arcs in aircraft on-board networks (arc tracking). LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Détecteur de courant (1) destiné à la détection de changements du courant (dl/dt), en particulier à flancs raides, qui comporte un élément de couplage ferromagnétique (4) et un enroulement détecteur (2) entourant ledit élément de couplage avec une pluralité de spires secondaires (5), ainsi qu'un enroulement excitateur (3) destiné à guider le courant (Ip).
PCT/EP2005/003584 2004-04-07 2005-04-06 Detecteur de courant WO2005098458A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200420005495 DE202004005495U1 (de) 2004-04-07 2004-04-07 Stromsensor
DE202004005495.7 2004-04-07

Publications (1)

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WO2005098458A1 true WO2005098458A1 (fr) 2005-10-20

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007013712A1 (de) 2007-03-22 2008-09-25 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Auswertung schneller Stromänderungen
DE202010017328U1 (de) 2010-06-29 2011-11-08 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Stromleitspule
DE102011008140A1 (de) 2010-08-31 2012-03-01 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schalten einer Gleichspannungsanlage
DE202012007257U1 (de) 2012-07-26 2013-10-28 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Vorrichtung zum sicheren Schalten einer Photovoltaikanlage

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US4558310A (en) * 1982-09-29 1985-12-10 Mcallise Raymond J Current sensing device and monitor
JPH10160763A (ja) * 1996-12-04 1998-06-19 Makoto Yamamoto 電流の測定構造
US5835321A (en) * 1996-08-02 1998-11-10 Eaton Corporation Arc fault detection apparatus and circuit breaker incorporating same
US5835319A (en) * 1997-04-16 1998-11-10 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for circuit breaking
US6043641A (en) * 1998-02-17 2000-03-28 Singer; Jerome R. Method and apparatus for rapid determinations of voltage and current in wires and conductors
US6094043A (en) * 1998-04-15 2000-07-25 Square D Company ARC detection sensor utilizing discrete inductors

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4558310A (en) * 1982-09-29 1985-12-10 Mcallise Raymond J Current sensing device and monitor
US5835321A (en) * 1996-08-02 1998-11-10 Eaton Corporation Arc fault detection apparatus and circuit breaker incorporating same
JPH10160763A (ja) * 1996-12-04 1998-06-19 Makoto Yamamoto 電流の測定構造
US5835319A (en) * 1997-04-16 1998-11-10 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for circuit breaking
US6043641A (en) * 1998-02-17 2000-03-28 Singer; Jerome R. Method and apparatus for rapid determinations of voltage and current in wires and conductors
US6094043A (en) * 1998-04-15 2000-07-25 Square D Company ARC detection sensor utilizing discrete inductors

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202008018257U1 (de) 2007-03-22 2012-06-12 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Auswertung schneller Stromänderungen
WO2008113423A1 (fr) 2007-03-22 2008-09-25 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Procédé et dispositif d'évaluation de variations rapides de courant
JP2010521686A (ja) * 2007-03-22 2010-06-24 エレンベルガー ウント ペンスゲン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 急速な電流変化の評価方法および装置
US7834614B2 (en) 2007-03-22 2010-11-16 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Method and apparatus for evaluating rapid changes in current
EP2357482A1 (fr) 2007-03-22 2011-08-17 Ellenberger & Poensgen GmbH Procédé et dispositif d'évaluation de variations rapides de courant
DE102007013712A1 (de) 2007-03-22 2008-09-25 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Auswertung schneller Stromänderungen
DE202010017328U1 (de) 2010-06-29 2011-11-08 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Stromleitspule
DE102011008140A1 (de) 2010-08-31 2012-03-01 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schalten einer Gleichspannungsanlage
WO2012028247A1 (fr) 2010-08-31 2012-03-08 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Procédé et dispositif de commutation sûre d'un système photovoltaïque après différenciation du type d'arc électrique
JP2013542699A (ja) * 2010-08-31 2013-11-21 エレンベルガー ウント ペンスゲン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング アークタイプを識別後に太陽光発電システムを安全に遮断するための方法および装置
US8929038B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2015-01-06 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Method and device for safely switching a photovoltaic system after differentiating the arc type
KR101530300B1 (ko) * 2010-08-31 2015-06-19 엘렌베르거 앤드 포엔스겐 게엠베하 아크 유형을 구별한 후 태양광발전 시스템을 안전하게 스위칭하기 위한 방법 및 장치
DE202011110757U1 (de) 2010-08-31 2016-02-23 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Schalten einer Gleichspannungsanlage
DE202012007257U1 (de) 2012-07-26 2013-10-28 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Vorrichtung zum sicheren Schalten einer Photovoltaikanlage
WO2014015947A2 (fr) 2012-07-26 2014-01-30 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Dispositif pour la commutation sûre d'un système photovoltaïque

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