WO2005095020A2

WO2005095020A2 - Feeder provided with a deformable socket

Info

Publication number: WO2005095020A2
Application number: PCT/EP2005/003387
Authority: WO
Inventors: Udo Skerdi
Original assignee: AS Lüngen GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date: 2004-03-31
Filing date: 2005-03-31
Publication date: 2005-10-13
Also published as: WO2005095020A3; EP1732719A2; EP1732719B1; ATE435082T1; US20080230201A1; DE502005007619D1

Abstract

The invention relates to an inserting element insertable into a casting mould which is provided with a metal casting cavity. The inventive inserting element consists of a body (3) having a cavity (6) extending along the longitudinal axis (7) of the body and a first moulded body (4) provided with a opening (10) connecting the body cavity (6) to a moulding cavity and a second moulded body (5) which is applied to the first moulded body (4), wherein the first moulded body is embodied in the form an energy absorbing device.

Description

Feeder with deformable spout

description

The invention relates to an insert for insertion into a casting mold having a casting cavity and used for casting metals, with a body which extends along a longitudinal axis of the body and has a body cavity, the body comprising at least one first molded body which has a connecting opening through which the Body cavity is connectable to the casting cavity, and a second molded body is constructed, which is placed on the first molded body.

When manufacturing workpieces in the foundry, liquid metal is poured into a casting mold which has a casting cavity. The mold cavity corresponds substantially to the negative shape of the ^'workpiece. Furthermore, the casting mold contains supply lines through which the liquid metal flows into the Pouring cavity can be introduced, as well as cavities, so-called feeders, which serve as expansion tanks to compensate for the loss of volume that occurs when the metal solidifies and thus counteract the formation of voids in the casting. For this purpose, the feeders are connected to the casting or to the endangered casting area and are usually arranged above or on the side of the casting cavity. After the metal has solidified, metal residues remain in the feed cavities and in the feed lines, which must be removed from the workpiece. It is endeavored to keep the size of these metal residues as small as possible and to design their shape so that these residues can be removed as easily and completely as possible, for example by knocking them off.

To produce the casting mold, a model plate (or mold) is first provided which corresponds to the inner contour of the casting cavity. A holding device is usually provided at the points at which a supply line or feeder insert is to be attached, e.g. a mandrel to fix the position of the feeder insert or the supply line. After these feeders and feed lines have been attached to the model plate, a molding material, usually molding sand, is applied to the model plate in such a way that the feeder insert and the feed lines are encased. In a further step, the molding material is then compressed so that the feeder and the preformed feed lines are enclosed by the compressed molding material.

During the compression of the ^'molding material relatively high compaction pressures are used. There is therefore a risk that the feeder insert and the other supply lines attached to the model will not withstand and break the compression forces that occur during compression. This allows during the casting process Difficulties in filling the metal occur and the casting can no longer be fed in a controlled manner.

Attempts have been made to counter this problem by using particularly stable and thick-walled inserts. However, these are quite expensive due to the increased material requirements.

Another approach is to absorb the compression forces that occur during compression molding by means of so-called spring mandrels. Spring mandrels generally comprise a tubular element for attachment to the model plate, a spring arranged in the tubular element and a mandrel tip element resting on the spring and telescopically displaceable in the longitudinal direction. After the spring mandrel has been attached to the model plate, a feeder insert is placed, the lower surface of which is in the starting arrangement, i.e. before filling the molding material, at a certain distance from the model surface. During the subsequent filling and compression of the molding material, the feeder insert is moved against the spring force exerted by the spring mandrel in the direction of the model surface without the underside of the feeder insert coming into direct contact with the model surface. Destruction of the feeder insert is therefore prevented even when using high compression forces.

So in DE OS 41 19 192 AI a resilient mandrel for holding feeders is described, which consists of a holding and guiding part, a spring and an axially movable jacket. The jacket is cup-shaped and overlaps the spring and the holding and guiding part.

DE 195 03 456 C1 describes an arrangement of a pot-shaped feeder and a mandrel that supports it on a casting model at a distance from its surface. A first and a second rigidly predetermined stop for an initial te and a second distance position specified. When compacting the molding sand, the feeder reaches the second spacing position close to the surface of the casting model, in that a predetermined breaking point opens in the bottom of the feeder due to the back pressure emanating from the mandrel, as a result of which the feeder can pass into the second spacing position.

The spring mandrels must first be attached to the model plate before inserting the feeder inserts, which is complex. Furthermore, it is difficult to achieve a precisely arranged tapping edge with a spring mandrel. This cutting edge is provided in order to separate the residual feeder, i.e. of the material remaining in the feeder after the casting, from the casting. The cleaning effort is therefore usually quite high. Spring mandrels are also quite expensive and prone to wear.

In order to avoid the use of spring mandrels, two-part feeder inserts have been developed in which the two molded bodies can be displaced against one another during the compression of the molding material and the forces introduced into the feeder can thus be dissipated. For example, DE 100 39 519 AI describes a feeder insert which comprises at least two molded elements u which can be displaced into one another along a longitudinal axis of the feeder and which enclose a cavity for holding liquid metal. Holding elements can be arranged on the first and / or second shaped element, via which the first shaped element carries the second shaped element and which can be separated or deformed in such a way that the two shaped elements can be shifted into one another along the longitudinal axis of the feeder.

The invention had for its object to provide an insert for insertion into a casting mold used in the casting of metals and having a casting cavity, which can absorb or withstand the forces occurring during the compression of the molding material without destruction and which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. Furthermore, it should be possible, at least in a preferred embodiment of the feeder insert, to provide a tapping edge which enables the precise separation, for example, of a residual feeder from the casting.

This object is achieved by an insert with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The insert according to the invention for insertion into a casting mold having a casting cavity used in the casting of metals comprises a body which extends along a longitudinal axis of the body and has a body cavity. The body initially comprises at least one first molded body which has a connection opening through which the body cavity can be connected to the casting cavity. The first molded body has a second opening on the side opposite the connecting opening. The body further comprises a second molded body, which is placed on the side of the second opening on the first molded body or adjoins the latter. According to the invention, the first molded body is designed as an energy absorption device. In the use according to the invention, the forces exerted on the insert during the compression of the molding material are thus absorbed by the first molded body and the energy introduced is thereby destroyed. This can be done, for example, by the first molded body breaking or splintering. However, it is preferred that the energy absorption causes the first molded body to deform. For this purpose, it is provided in a particularly preferred embodiment that the first molded body has or represents a deformation element.

The deformation element can be shaped in a variety of ways. For example, the first molded body can have a tubular shape, on the upper side of which the second molded body is placed. If a force is exerted in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the molded body or the longitudinal axis of the body, the second molded body can be displaced in the direction of the longitudinal axis towards the model plate. The deformation element can then e.g. be placed in the form of a sleeve, which is supported, for example, on the surface of the model, an abutment provided on the outside of the first molded body or also on the base of a spring or centering mandrel. In this embodiment, the first molded body thus comprises a deformation element arranged separately from it. When the molding material is compacted, the second molding is first moved downwards until it comes to rest on the upper end of the deformation element. If the second molded body is now moved further towards the model plate, this leads to a deformation of the deformation element. The deformation takes place with the absorption of energy, the parameters of the deformation element being selected such that destruction of the second shaped body by the forces acting during compression is prevented.

In another embodiment it is provided that the deformation element forms an integral part of the first molded body. In order to enable the introduction of the forces which act on the insert during the compression of the molding material into the first molding, it is then preferably provided that the second molding is supported on the first molding. When the molding material is compacted, the second molding therefore does not move along the longitudinal axis over the first molding, but compresses it. There is therefore preferably a rigid connection between the second and first shaped bodies, so that an efficient introduction of the forces from the second shaped body into the first shaped body is possible.

The first molded body is preferably designed in such a way that it can be deformed in its entirety. The forces exerted on the first shaped body during the compression of the molding material then lead to a compression of the first shaped body, as a result of which the walls of the first shaped body are deformed or bent.

The first molded body is preferably designed in such a way that the outer envelope has an essentially tubular or bowl-shaped shape. A tubular shape is understood to mean a cylinder, the cross section of which can, however, also decrease in the direction of the connection opening, so that a tapered section adjoins a cylindrical section. A bowl-shaped shape is understood to mean a shape in which the outer circumference of the first molded body, starting from the side on which the second molded body can be placed on the first molded body, decreases in the direction of the body axis toward the side of the connection opening. Depending on the degree to which the outer diameter decreases, the result is a rather bulbous or funnel-shaped shape. An envelope is understood to mean a surface that connects the most outer points of the first shaped body.

During the compression of the molding material, the second molding should essentially only move along the longitudinal axis of the body in the direction of the model plate. It should In particular, it can be prevented that the longitudinal axis of the body is tilted away from the vertical to the model plate and the position of the insert or the body cavity in the finished casting mold can no longer be checked. The first molded body in the manner is therefore preferred. designed that a controlled upsetting is made possible. In a preferred embodiment, predetermined kinks are therefore provided in the wall of the first molded body. These predetermined kinks can be generated, for example, by making furrows in the wall of the first molded body. If the first molded body consists of sheet steel, for example, depressions can be embossed along the circumference of the first molded body, so that the first molded body has a reduced wall thickness at these locations. Furthermore, the surface of the first shaped body is given a slightly irregular structure by the embossing. If pressure is now exerted on the first molded body in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the body, it bends at the predetermined kink locations and is deformed in a controlled manner.

It is preferably provided that the deformation element is designed as a type of bellows. The bellows comprises individual segments, which are preferably already inclined to the longitudinal axis of the body. However, corresponding predetermined kink points can also be provided, for example due to a lower material thickness at the corresponding points on the first molded body. In a particularly preferred manner, at least two predetermined kinks are provided in a ring shape along the circumference of the first molded body. If a force acts on the body when the molding material is compacted, which runs along the longitudinal axis of the body or along the perpendicular to the model plate, the bellows is compressed like an accordion. This can reduce the volume of the mold caused by the compression of the Molding material is caused to be caught. The bellows can also absorb energy introduced by being made of a material that is deformable and offers a certain resistance to the deformation.

The bellows comprises individual segments, at the connection of which a kink (or a predetermined kink, see above) is formed. In the state before compression, the segments are preferably inclined at an angle of 0 ° to 80 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body, preferably 5 ° to 60 °, in particular 15 ° to 50 °. This enables the bellows to be compressed in a controlled manner and evenly.

The bellows can be tubular or bowl-shaped, for example. In the case of a tubular bellows, the first shaped body has the same diameter at the locations of the bends, so that a tubular envelope results when the bends each define an outer surface. In the case of a bowl-shaped embodiment, the diameter of the first shaped body decreases in a step-like manner at the points of the kinks. If the amount of decrease between two kinks is constant, a funnel-shaped envelope results if the kinks are connected by a surface. If the amount by which the diameter decreases in each case at the points of the kinks increases, this results in a rather bulbous shape of the envelope.

Furthermore, the segments are preferably dimensioned such that the expansion of the segments between kinks of the bellows is between 0.1 and 30%, preferably 1 and 20%, the expansion of the bellows in the direction of the body longitudinal axis, preferably between 1 and 10%. In the bowl-shaped embodiment of the bellows described above, which leads to a step-like shape of the bellows, the bellows acting as a deformation element preferably comprises fewer than 5 steps. A step is in each case formed from two segments, one preferably being arranged parallel to the body axis and one preferably perpendicular to the body axis. The steps can each have the same height or the same extent perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body. In one embodiment of the insert according to the invention, however, the steps of the bellows each have different heights, the steps arranged closer to the connecting opening having a greater height than the steps arranged closer to the second opening. The step closest to the connection opening preferably has the greatest height of the steps. The height of the steps corresponds to the expansion of the segments, which are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body. In one embodiment of the invention, the expansion of the segments arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body increases from the side of the second opening to the side of the connecting opening. The course of the deformation of the first shaped body can thus be controlled.

In one embodiment of the invention, the expansion of the bellows in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the body is between 20 and 80% of the height of the first molded body or deformation element. The height of the first shaped body corresponds to the maximum extent of the first shaped body in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the body.

An embodiment of the deformation element in the form of a bellows is preferred. However, other configurations of the deformation element are also possible. For example, individual depressions, kinks, or openings can be provided in the material of the first molded body, which provide a controlled Allow upsetting of the first shaped body. In particular, in one embodiment of the deformation element as a sleeve, which is arranged around the first molded body, it is possible, for example, to manufacture the sleeve from a perforated material, for example a perforated sheet metal strip. By introducing holes, the stability of the strip is reduced, so that when pressure is exerted on the strip in the direction of the plane of the strip, the strip is compressed in a controlled manner when deformed. Since no molding sand should get into the body cavity, such an embodiment is useful in conjunction with a first molding which seals the body cavity from the surrounding sand.

The first molded body is preferably formed from an irreversibly deformable material. As a result, energy which is introduced when the first shaped body is compressed can be absorbed and destroyed. The materials which are suitable for the production of the first shaped body are varied in themselves. For example, the first molded body can be made from cardboard, such as corrugated cardboard, plastic, for example also polymer foam, such as polystyrene foam, wood, composite materials, for example fiber-reinforced plastics or metal / plastic composite materials.

According to a further embodiment, the first and second shaped bodies can also be connected to one another, for example by gluing. However, it is also possible to form the first and second molded bodies together as one piece.

However, metal is particularly preferably used as the deformable material, and steel sheet is particularly preferred. Materials containing aluminum or magnesium, for example, are also possible. Metals, especially steel, can simply be in an almost arbitrary shape can be formed. They are irreversibly deformable and can absorb force during the deformation and thereby destroy energy. The properties of the first shaped body can be varied within wide ranges, for example by the wall thickness or the type of metal or steel used.

A steel is particularly preferably used which has a carbon content of at least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.07, preferably at least 0.1% by weight and particularly preferably at least 0.12% by weight. Steel has a higher melting point than cast iron. If the insert according to the invention is used for casting cast iron, the first shaped body made of steel does not melt immediately upon contact with the liquid iron. The steel sheet is first softened and then slowly dissolved in the cast iron that flows from the feeder insert. Since steel has a lower carbon content than cast iron, the carbon contained in the cast iron is diluted in the regions of the casting which adjoin the first shaped body. This results in an increased tendency to form voids in these areas. The measure according to the invention to increase the carbon content of the steel reduces this dilution effect and thus suppresses the formation of voids. The carbon content of the steel is preferably chosen to be as high as possible. In order to ensure sufficient deformability, in particular during the production of the first shaped body, for example by deep drawing, the carbon content is preferably chosen to be less than 0.7% by weight, preferably less than 0.6% by weight.

Another preferred material for the production of the first molded body is cardboard, wood or wood composites. This mate rialien burning on contact with the liquid metal, whereby _, however, a small gas evolution is observed. In this embodiment of the first molded body, however, a spring mandrel is preferably used for attaching the insert according to the invention to the model, since cardboard can only absorb small amounts of energy when deformed.

The wall thickness of the first molded body is suitably chosen depending on the material used. The wall thickness is preferably between 0.1 and 3 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 to 1.5 mm. When using sheet steel, the wall thickness is preferably selected in the range from 0.1 to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mm. When using cardboard, wood or plastics, the wall thickness is preferably 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mm.

In order to be able to easily separate metal residues that remain in the cavities of the inserts after casting from the workpiece, the first molded body preferably tapers in the direction of the connection opening. After removal of the casting mold, the workpiece then has a constriction at this point. This enables the metal residues to be knocked off precisely and easily and considerably reduces the amount of cleaning required.

As already explained above, in one embodiment of the insert according to the invention, the forces acting on the second molded body, which occur when the molding material is compacted, are to be introduced into the first molded body and are absorbed there by deformation of the first molded body. This prevents damage to the second molded body. In order to enable complete and uniform introduction of the forces acting on the second molded body into the first molded body, in a preferred embodiment see that the first molded body for supporting the second molded body has an annular support surface.

The insert according to the invention can itself be placed directly on the model plate, for example by designing the connection opening provided on the first molded body in such a way that the insert can be reliably fixed on the model plate. In order to prevent the body from tipping over during the filling and compacting of the molding material, it may, however, be useful to provide a centering mandrel on which the insert according to the invention is placed. In one embodiment of the insert according to the invention it can be provided that the second molded body has a centering recess for receiving a centering mandrel.

The erfindungemäße insert may be formed to be in any way and form, for example in the finished mold ^• a supply line for the liquid metal into the mold cavity. The term “insert” should therefore generally include any element that can be molded or molded onto the casting mold or the model, such as in particular sleeves, funnel or filter elements, or also feeders and the like. The advantages of the insert according to the invention are particularly evident when the insert is designed as a feeder insert.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. Show:

1 shows a longitudinal section through an insert according to the invention, this being designed as a feeder insert;

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the first molded body, the latter having a tubular shape; Figure 3: a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the first molded body, which has a bowl-shaped shape.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through an insert according to the invention, which is designed as a feeder insert. The illustration shows a state as it is after the installation of the feeder insert on the model plate, but before the molding material is filled in. A spring mandrel 2 is fastened on a model plate 1, over which a feeder insert 3 according to the invention is placed. The body of the feeder insert 3 comprises a first molded body 4 and a second molded body 5. The first molded body 4 and the second molded body 5 together form a feeder cavity 6 (body cavity) which extends along a longitudinal axis 7 of the feeder (longitudinal axis of the body). The first molded body 4 comprises a section which is designed as a deformation element 8 and a section 9 in which the first molded body 4 tapers towards the connection opening 10. The ^' deformation element 8 is designed in the form of a bellows and takes up approximately 60% of the height of the first molded body 4. The first molded body 4 can be formed, for example, from metal, in particular sheet steel, cardboard or plastic. A second molded body 5, which is designed here as a feeder head, is placed on the first molded body 4. This has a pot-shaped shape and has an opening 110 at its lower end, via which a connection to the interior of the first shaped body 4 is made to form the feed cavity 6. The second molded body 5 is made of a refractory material and can be insulating or exothermic. The second molded body 5 is made from the usual materials for feeders, for example sand, fibers or mineral hollow spheres, which have a suitable binder, such as Water glass, are connected. In order to obtain an exothermic feeder, an oxidizable metal, for example aluminum or magnesium, and an oxidizing agent, for example saltpetre, can also be added to this material. The wall thickness of the first molded body 5 is selected in the range customary for feeders, so that the insulating properties or mechanical stability that may be required is achieved. The second molded body 5 can be produced using the methods familiar to the person skilled in the art for the production of feeders.

The first and second shaped bodies 4, 5 can be connected to one another, for example, by adhesive bonding and can be obtained as a finished feeder. However, it is also possible to store the first molded body 4 and the second molded body 5 separately and to combine them only during the production of the casting mold. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a spring mandrel 2 is provided in order to fix the feed element 3 in its position and to secure it against tilting. It is not absolutely necessary to use a spring mandrel to fix the position of the feeder insert 3. For example, it is also sufficient to provide a centering mandrel. This runs essentially along the longitudinal axis 7 of the feeder in order to then pierce the second molded body 5 on its upper wall. For this purpose, a centering opening (not shown) through which the centering mandrel can be guided can accordingly be provided in the second molded body 5 on the upper side. As such, the use of a mandrel can also be completely dispensed with. However, the risk increases that the feeder is tilted from the vertical when filling in the molding material and when compacting.

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through the first molded body 4 of the feeder insert according to the invention. This um- holds a section 8 designed as a deformation element, the extent 11 of which in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7 of the feeder corresponds to approximately 60% of the height 12 of the first molded body 4. At the upper end of the first molded body 4, an annular support 13 is provided, onto which the second molded body 5 (not shown), which surrounds the second opening 110, can be placed. Below section 8, a section 9 is provided, in which the first molded body tapers in the direction of the connection opening 10. The deformation element 8 is designed as a bellows, which comprises individual segments 14. A kink 15 is provided on the connection between the individual segments 14. If the outer bends 15a are connected, a tubular shape of the envelope 21 results.

In Figure 2, the first molded body is shown in a state as it is before the compression of the molding material, ie before the first molded body is compressed to absorb energy. The individual segments 14 take an angle 16 to the longitudinal axis 7 of the feeder, which is chosen between 0 ° and 80 °, preferably between 30 ° and 60 °, particularly preferably between 30 ° and 50 °. The extent 17 of the segments (14) is chosen such that it corresponds to between 1 and 10% of the extent 11 of the bellows in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7 of the body. Aprons 18 can be provided on the support 13 on the outer edge, which facilitate centering of the second shaped body 5. Likewise, aprons 19, 20 can be provided at the edge of the connection opening, which facilitate centering of the first shaped body 4 in an opening of the model plate (not shown). FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the first shaped body, which has a bowl-shaped envelope 21.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the diameter of the first molded body 4 decreases in steps from the side of the second opening 110 to the side of the connecting opening 10 at the locations of the bends 15. If the outer bends 15a are supplemented to form an enveloping surface 21, this has a bowl-shaped shape.

The height of the segments 14 a arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis 7 increases in the direction from the side of the second opening 110 to the connecting opening 10, that is to say from top to bottom in the illustration. The expansion of the segments 14 b arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 7 likewise increases from the side of the second opening 110 to the side of the connecting opening 10. The extent of the segments arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 7 corresponds to the distance between the segments 14a which are respectively arranged on both sides and parallel to the longitudinal axis.

With the side of the connection opening 10, the first molded body 4 is placed on a model. The second molded body (not shown), such as an exothermic or insulating feeder head, is placed on the support 13 on the opposite side of the second opening 110. The first molded body 4 is preferably made of steel, which has a high carbon content.

The feed insert according to the invention enables the irreversible (inelastic) deformation of the first molded body 4 to absorb the forces which act on the feed insert 3 when the molding material is compressed. This can cause breakage or a compression of the second molded body 5, which usually consists of a brittle material, can be reliably prevented.

1 model plate

2 spring mandrel

3 feeder insert

4 first molded body

5 second molded body

6 feed cavity

7 longitudinal axis of feeder

8 deformation element

9 section

1 (3rd connection opening ι: .0. Second opening ι: longitudinal expansion

I: 2nd height

1. 3. Support

1 i. segment

1 5th kink

1 δ. angle

1 7. Expansion

1 3. Apron

1 9. Apron

2 0. apron

2 1. Envelope

Claims

claims

1.Insert for insertion into a casting mold used in the casting of metals, having a casting cavity, with a body (3) which extends along a longitudinal axis (7) of the body and has a body cavity (6), the body (-3) consisting of at least one first molded body (4), which has a connecting opening (10) through which the body cavity (6) can be connected to the casting cavity, and a second molded body (5) which is placed on the first molded body (4), characterized that the first molded body (4) is designed as an energy absorption device.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the first molded body (4) has or represents a deformation element (8).

3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second molded body (5) is supported on the first molded body (4).

4. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer envelope of the first molded body has a substantially tubular or bowl-shaped shape.

5. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deformation element (8) is designed as a bellows.

6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that the bellows has segments (14) which are inclined at an angle (16) of 0 ° to 80 °, preferably 30 ° to 60 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body (7).

7. Use according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the expansion (17) of the segments (14) between kinks (15) of the bellows between 0.1 and 10% of the expansion (11) of the bellows in the direction of the body longitudinal axis (7 ) is.

8. Use according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the expansion (11) of the bellows in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the body (7) is between 20 and 80% of the height (12) of the first molded body (4).

9. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first molded body (4) is formed from an irreversibly deformable material.

10. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second shaped bodies (4, 5) are formed as one piece.

11. Use according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the deformable material is a metal.

12. Use according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the deformable material is steel.

13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that the steel has a carbon content of more than 0.05 wt .-%.

14. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first molded body (4) tapers in the direction of the connecting opening (10).

15. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first molded body (4) for supporting the second molded body (5) has an annular support flat (13).

16. Insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second molded body (5) has a centering recess for receiving a centering mandrel.

17. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert is designed as a feeder insert.