EP2956256B1 - Feeder insert and method for arranging same in a casting mold - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a feeder sleeve according to claim 1 for use in casting metals in molds, comprising a shaped body and a feed member defining the feeder cavity for receiving liquid metal, the feed member having a passageway for the liquid metal, and wherein the Shaped body in the feeder longitudinal direction is movable relative to at least a portion of the feed element. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for arranging such a feeder insert in a casting mold according to claim 12. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in subclaims. Previously known feeder inserts, also referred to simply as feeders, are used in particular in the production process of casting metals into casting molds. The feeder inserts usually form a space surrounded by a mold material of the mold. The space provided for receiving the liquid metal in the casting mold has a passage to the feeder cavity, in which then during the casting process, a subset of the poured into the mold liquid metal rises. The liquid metal thus obtained in the feeder should be able to flow back into the casting mold during the solidification process (which is associated with a contraction of the cast metal) and serve there for compensation or compensation for the volume loss.

In order to ensure a backflow of the metal in the feeder, it must be ensured that the metal in the feeder lines is still liquid, while the metal inside the casting mold is already solidifying (to the casting). For this purpose, at least part of the feeder insert consists of an insulating and / or exothermic material, wherein the exothermic material is ignited by introducing liquid metal, due to the prevailing temperatures. Within the feeder sleeve then runs independently exothermic reaction, supplied by the metal located in the feeder over a predetermined period of time thermal energy and thus the metal is kept in the feeder in the liquid state.

From the DE 100 39 519 A1 there is already known a feeder sleeve for use in casting metals in molds having a mold body and a feed member defining the feeder cavity for receiving liquid metal; This feeder has proven to be excellent in practice. The feeder element of the feeder has a passage opening for connection from the feeder cavity of the shaped body into the casting cavity so that liquid metal can rise from the casting cavity into the feeder cavity. The shaped body is placed on the feed element so that the shaped body and the feed element are designed to be displaceable relative to one another in the longitudinal direction of the feed or parallel to the feed longitudinal axis. Due to the telescopic displaceability of the shaped body and of the feed element to one another, it is ensured that the pressure forces acting on the mold and the associated compression of the molding material can be absorbed, which also act on the feeder. In addition, it is possible by the displaceability of the shaped body in the direction of the feed, to ensure a compression of the molding material in the approach region of the feeder to, for example, a model plate, as by the displacement of the shaped body in the direction of the mold plate, the molding material is compacted around the feed element. In order to ensure the displaceability between the molding and the feeding element, the known feeder insert has a gap between the mutually movable parts. Due to the increasing or increasing compression pressures and the associated also increasing compression of the molding material of the mold, which is accompanied by an enlarged displacement of the molding along the feed, it may in rare cases, if handled improperly to a passage of parts of the molding material through the gap come into the cavity of the feeder insert and / or abrasion of material of the insulating / exothermic feeder material. With the ingress of the molding material into the feeder cavity or the abrasion of feeder material is therefore associated with improper handling the risk that the mold material or the feed material possibly reaches into the casting cavity of the mold plate and thus jeopardizes the usefulness of the casting to be produced; In some cases, there is even the risk of breakage of the feeder insert.

From the DE 100 59 481 A1 a feeder insert for a casting with a feeder head and a tube-like body is known, wherein the tube-like body, the feeder or head directly or indirectly with the casting or the Form hollow body connects and tapers towards the casting end facing and forms a breaking edge.

GB 2 260 285 A discloses a riser sleeve having a breaker core, the riser sleeve having a V-shaped portion and an opening at the bottom thereof. The breaker core has a central opening and is arranged on the underside of the riser sleeve. The inner diameter of the central opening of the breaker core is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the opening in the bottom of the riser sleeve. The outer diameter of the breaker core is substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the underside of the riser sleeve. The riser sleeve with breaker core reduces the rework on the casting after casting.

From the US 2009/0014482 A1 discloses a feeder element for use in metal casting, the feeder element having a first end for attachment to a mold model, an opposed second end for receiving a molded article, and a bore between the first and second ends formed by a stepped sidewall , The feeder element is compressible in use, thereby reducing the distance between the first end and the second end so that the step-shaped sidewall has a first sidewall portion that forms the second end of the feeder element and, in use, a mounting surface for the molded article. In this case, the first side wall portion is inclined with respect to the axis of the bore at an angle of less than 90 °. The stepped sidewall has a second sidewall portion adjacent to the first sidewall portion and parallel to the axis of the bore or oblique to the axis of the bore at a different angle to the first sidewall portion, thereby forming a shoulder in the sidewall.

WO 2005/095 020 A2 discloses an insert for insertion into a casting cavity mold having a casting cavity extending body along a body longitudinal axis extending, a body cavity having body, said body of at least a first molded body having a connection opening, through which the body cavity is connectable to the casting cavity, and a second shaped body is formed, which is placed on the feed element. In this case, the first shaped body is designed as an energy absorption device.

DE 20 2004 009 367 U1 discloses a feeder insert for insertion into a mold used in the casting of metals, comprising a molded body comprising a feeder volume of an exothermic and / or insulating material, at the lower bottom surface facing the casting to be formed by the casting a metal foot attached. In this case, the metal foot has a contour projecting from the bottom surface of the molded body to the mold surface and a feed opening provided for forming a predetermined breaking point for a feeder remainder forming in the feeder volume. The feeder insert is attachable with its metal base during manufacture of the mold on a holding mandrel attached to the model forming the casting mold, wherein the metal base has a conically tapered shape from the bottom surface of the molded body to the mold surface as a whole such that when the mold is finished the feeder opening forming lower end portion of the metal base terminates on the mold surface. The surrounding the retaining mandrel, conical lateral surface of the metal base has at least one predetermined bending point.

Based on the above-mentioned problem, the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a feeder insert that withstands high compression pressures in the manufacture of the mold and the use of which, moreover, the risk of penetration of molding material or feeder material is reduced in the casting cavity.

The invention solves the underlying task in a feeder insert of the type mentioned in that the feed has a deformation region, which is adapted, in at least a first phase of a relative movement of the shaped body in feeder longitudinal and (at the same time) in the direction of the feed at least in sections.

The invention thus relates to a feeder insert for use in casting metals in molds, comprising a shaped body and a feed member defining the feeder cavity for receiving liquid metal, the feed member having a passageway for the liquid metal, and wherein the shaped body in feeder Longitudinal direction relative to at least a portion of the feed element is movable, wherein the feed element has a deformation region which is adapted, in at least a first phase of a relative movement of the shaped body in the feeder longitudinal and in the direction of the feed element (ie in a relative movement in the direction the feeding element and at the same time in the feeder longitudinal direction) at least partially einzustülpen. Such a feed element thus inverts when relative movement of the shaped body in the feeder longitudinal direction and in the direction of the feed element is carried out; An insertion direction is not fixed in the context of the present invention, but usually and preferably, the feed element is designed so that it inverts in the direction of the feeder cavity during said relative movement.

The invention is based on the finding that it dispenses with an embodiment with a telescoping mold body which can be pushed telescopically over the feed element and that the object according to the invention can be achieved if a feed element is provided which has an insertable deformation region. Such a deformation region designed according to the invention is preferably invaginated along a predetermined section, preferably in the direction of the feeder cavity, wherein the compression forces acting on the feeder insert due to the compression of the material can advantageously be compensated or absorbed by a compensating movement of the deformation zone. This reduces the risk of breakage or other damage to the feeder inserts even if handled improperly.

The deformation region is preferably set up in the direction of the interior of the molded body. By moving the shaped body in the feeder longitudinal direction relative to at least a portion of the feed element, ie by upsetting the feeder insert according to the invention, it is achieved that at least a portion of the deformation region of the feed element at least over a predetermined distance in a corresponding to the feed portion of the molding for the protruding liquid metal. Accordingly, the invention also relates to a feeder insert for use in casting metals in molds, comprising a shaped body and a feed element, which delimit the feeder cavity for receiving liquid metal, wherein the feed element has a passage opening for the liquid metal, and wherein the shaped body in Speiser longitudinal direction relative to at least a portion of the feed element is movable, wherein the feed element has a deformation region which is adapted to at least partially stowed in at least a first phase of a relative movement of the shaped body in the feeder longitudinal and in the direction of the feed element, and optionally in the direction of the interior of the shaped body, whereby by moving the shaped body in the longitudinal direction of the feeder relative to at least one section of the feed element it is achieved that at least a portion of the deformation area of the feed element it protrudes at least over a predetermined distance in a corresponding to the feed element region of the shaped body for the liquid metal. With the invagination of a portion of the deformation body in the molding an advantageously shortened configuration of the feed and thus a reduced distance of the molding to the casting to be produced are achieved. With the compression movement of the feeder insert is simultaneously compressing the feed element, wherein the deformation region of the feed element is preferably designed or adapted to this after at least a first phase of the relative movement between the molding and feed two approximately parallel in the feeder longitudinal direction, and thus also preferably in the direction of the feeder longitudinal axis, extending wall sections.

The deformation region of the feed element is vorzugswseise set up in the direction of the shaped body (at least substantially) einzustülpen free of dead space; this means that after being inverted, no parts of the (invaginated) supply element prevent liquid metal from flowing out of the feeder cavity in such a way that they form a dead space within the cavity. Preferably, and with a corresponding configuration of the feeder insert, it is thus ensured that liquid metal entering the feeder cavity is not retained by parts or sections of the deformed or inverted deformation region in the feeder cavity during the solidification of the casting. Alternatively, it is advantageous in some cases, the sleeve-like deformation region of the feed element to design such that it has a much smaller cross-section compared to the free cross-section of the feeder cavity. Thus, the invaginated portions of material project or protrude freely into the feeder lumen (i.e., the invaginated portions of material do not contact the inner wall of the feeder lumen).

A feeder insert according to the invention is preferred in which the invaginated section of the deformation area is formed adjacent to a wall area of the shaped body. Thus, the invention also relates to a feeder insert for use in casting metals in molds, comprising a shaped body and a feed member defining the feeder cavity for receiving liquid metal, wherein the feed member has a passageway for the liquid metal, and wherein the shaped body in Speiser longitudinal direction relative to at least a portion of the feed element is movable, wherein the feed element has a deformation region which is adapted to at least partially stowed in at least a first phase of a relative movement of the shaped body in the feeder longitudinal and in the direction of the feed element, wherein the invaginated portion of the deformation region is formed adjacent to a wall portion of the molded body. Such a preferred feeder insert preferably comprises further features, which are referred to above or below as being preferred.

Preferably, the deformation range of a feed element of a feeder insert according to the invention is designed so that after the invagination at least one wall part of the invaginated portion of the deformation region rests against a wall region of the shaped body. It is thereby achieved that via the passage opening of the feed element in the feeder insert rising liquid metal can not penetrate between the inner wall of the shaped body and the wall part of the invaginated portion supporting it. Thus, an additional sealing function is provided by the bulging in the direction of the interior of the molding deformation region. In addition, the supporting of the portion of the feed element which is inverted into the feeder cavity of the shaped body has the advantage that during the relative movement of the molded body to the feed element is a guide of the deformation region, which ensures a preferably concentric alignment of the molded body and feeding. A lateral or one-sided buckling of the feed element or an oblique running of the feed element during the compression movement (ie the said relative movement) of the feed insert according to the invention is accordingly avoided. The invention accordingly also relates to a feeder sleeve for use in casting metals in molds, comprising a shaped body and a feed member defining the feeder cavity for receiving liquid metal, the feeder member having a liquid metal flow passage, and wherein the molded body is in Speiser longitudinal direction relative to at least a portion of the feed element is movable, wherein the feed element has a deformation region which is adapted to at least partially stowed in at least a first phase of a relative movement of the shaped body in the feeder longitudinal and in the direction of the feed element, wherein the Deformation of the feed element is preferably designed so that after the invagination at least a wall part of the invaginated portion of the deformation region abuts a wall portion of the shaped body.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the deformation region is adapted to buckling during a first phase following the second phase of the compression movement, ie, the relative movement between the molding and the feed preferably fully along a portion. With the buckling of a portion of the deformation region, a limitation of the insertion depth of the feed element is achieved within the molding in an advantageous manner. The deformation region is preferably designed such that the buckling of the section or the formation of the generated buckling region takes place in a section of the deformation region, which is closer to the passage opening of the feed element than the section (in the first phase of the relative movement). The Einknickvorgang has with appropriate design of the deformation region and the Speiser-shaped body no effect on the portion of the deformation region, which has already created in the first phase of the relative movement between the molding and the feed element to the inner wall of the molding. The invaginated portion and the bending region of the deformation region form after completion of relative movement preferably adjacent cone-shaped or cylindrical lateral surfaces. The linguistic subdivision of the relative movement into a "first" and a "second" phase does not mean that the compression movement of the feeder insert is interrupted in practice. Rather, the compression movement runs in practice at least almost without a time interruption. However, the subdivision of the relative movement of the molded body and the feeding element into two phases describes two plastic deformation processes which proceed successively in certain embodiments of a feeder insert according to the invention. The buckling of a portion of the deformation region in a second (compression) phase is optional: Depending on the configuration of the molding and the feed element and depending on the compression process and the associated compression of the feeder insert, it will not necessarily come to a buckling of a portion of the deformation of the feed , Such a preferred feeder insert preferably comprises further features, which are referred to above or below as being preferred.

Preferably, the feed element is connected to the shaped body of a feeder insert according to the invention via a coupling region which ensures a stable bond between the feed element and the molded article during the insertion process. Over the existing coupling region, a secure connection between the molded body and the feeding element is ensured, which advantageously prevents the feeding element from escaping during the relative movement and thus unintentionally interrupting or misdirecting the process of invagination of the deformation region in a section of the molded body.

The feeding element preferably has a supporting region engaging the shaped body for forming a coupling region between the feeding element and the shaped body. The formation of a support region, which is preferably brought into positive contact with the molded body, represents a structurally simple way to form a coupling region between the molded body and the feed element. The supporting on the shaped body support portion of the feed forms an acting against the relative movement of the molding abutment, the at the compression movement of the feeder insert according to the invention in the direction of, for example, a mold plate of the mold is moved. The support region is directly connected to the deformation region of the feed element, whereby an advantageous solid and secure connection between the two sections of the feed element is effected.

Preferably, the feeder insert has a feeder longitudinal axis, wherein the support region of the feed element is a collar which is in contact with the underside of the shaped body and extends essentially radially to the feeder longitudinal axis. With such a collar formed, which rests against the underside of the molded body, an optimal force transmission of the resulting from the relative movement and transmitted to the feed pressure forces for the deformation of the deformation region of the feed is ensured. The collar resting against the underside of the molded body preferably has a corresponding lateral projection of at least 4 mm (preferably at least 11 mm, more preferably at least 15 mm) and preferably a material thickness in the range from 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, preferably approx. 0.5 mm. Such a preferred feeder insert preferably comprises further features, which are referred to above or below as being preferred.

The deformation region of the feed element of a feeder insert according to the invention preferably has a cylindrical sleeve or is formed from a cylindrical sleeve which (before the relative movement) has an outwardly projecting, bead-like depression in the transition to the support region. With such an outwardly projecting bead-like depression at the upper end of the cylindrical sleeve, the deformation region of the feed element according to the invention undergoes a desired forming movement during the upsetting, which is positioned during the insertion in, for example, a correspondingly stable section of the delivery element itself or along a section of the shaped article. The bead-like depression at the upper end of the deformation region of the feed element preferably has a width in the range of 3 to 5 mm, preferably about 3 mm, and a depth in the range of 2 to 8 mm, preferably about 4 mm. Preferably, a rounded or curved transition having a radius between 1 and 2 mm is provided in the transition region between the cylindrical sleeve of the deformation region extending in the longitudinal direction of the feeder and a ring section extending radially at the upper end of the sleeve, which forms the base of the bead-like depression ,

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the feed element has a tapered below the deformation region neck region, which has the advantage that the feeder insert according to the invention has a comparatively small footprint or approach surface on a model plate of a mold. Preferably, the feed element tapers to less than half of the sleeve cross-section of the deformation region, whereby an effective Dichtspeisung can be implemented even at relatively small castings. Preferably, an angle in the range of 25 ° to 40 °, preferably about 32.5 ° provided between the cylindrically shaped sleeve and the cone-shaped neck region. The use of a conically tapered neck region also has the advantage that the neck region has an optimum dimensional stability or rigidity with respect to the pressure load resulting from the compression and the associated relative movement of the molded body. With the cone-shaped neck region also advantageously the height of the deformation region of the feed is limited, whereby always a sufficient force on the neck region for a sealing contact with the mold is guaranteed. Such a preferred feeder insert preferably comprises further features, which are referred to above or below as being preferred.

The attachment region is preferably equipped with a break edge, which is preferably part of a breaker core. By equipping the feed element with preferably a metallic breaker core, a sharper breaking edge is achieved, as a result of which significantly reduced reworking on the casting to be produced is effected. In addition, the setting or approach surface for the feeder insert according to the invention can be kept relatively small when using a breaking edge.

Preferably, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, the attachment region of the delivery element extends in the direction of extent (from shoulder surface to cylindrical sleeve), so that the resistance or rigidity with respect to the pressure forces acting on the attachment region is advantageously increased. This minimizes the risk that the attachment area undergoes plastic deformation during the compression process of the mold material for the mold. Preferably, a plurality of beads are distributed uniformly over the circumference of the cone-shaped tapered neck region. The attachment region preferably has at least four beads which preferably extend over its entire length (from the contact surface to the cylindrical sleeve). Such a preferred feeder insert preferably comprises further features, which are referred to above or below as being preferred.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the shaped body and / or the feed element have guide surfaces for guiding a centering core; Preferably, the feeder insert according to the invention is designed as a self-centering feeder insert. The use of a centering core, also referred to as a centering mandrel, is always advantageous if a targeted alignment of the feeder insert to the model plate of a casting mold is necessary. The use of a centering core and the design of the feeder insert as a self-centering feeder simplifies its handling in an advantageous manner. An inventive and selbstzentrierend ausgestalteter feeder insert preferably has in its tapered shoulder portion parallel to the feeder longitudinal axis extending guide surfaces and the molding in an upper, horizontally extending wall portion coaxial with the feeder longitudinal axis arranged centering for an upper end portion of the centering, preferably a centering on ,

An advantageous embodiment of the feeder insert according to the invention provides that the material for the feed element is formed from a metallic material or comprises such a material. The use of a preferably metallic material for the material used for the design of the feed element has due to the advantageous properties in terms of temperature resistance with respect to the liquid metal rising above it and its deformability of the deformation region Proven in terms of thus implementing Einstülpvorganges. The feed element is set up such that the plastic deformation can be converted over the deformation area without structurally weakening material sections of the deformation area. This is advantageously prevented material fracture. Preferably, a cold-rolled forming steel is used as an exemplary option for forming the feed element.

Preferably, the material for the shaped body is an exothermic and / or insulating properties exhibiting material or comprises such a material. With the material used, which has both exothermic and insulating properties, is achieved in an advantageous manner that the ascending into the feeder cavity liquid metal is maintained for a sufficiently long period in the liquid state. The design of the outer and inner contour of the molding and its wall thickness, is preferably adapted to the size of the casting and thus on the casting volume and the resulting retention times for the liquid to be held metal or adjusted. The shaped body preferably ignites automatically after the inflow of the liquid metal into the feeder cavity.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a mold for which independent protection is requested, with a feeder insert, which according to the invention is designed according to one of claims 1 to 10. Equipping a casting mold with at least one feeder insert designed in accordance with the invention enables a simplified compaction of the molding material which, among other things, also surrounds the feeder insert. The feeder insert according to the invention ensures an advantageous compression movement during the compression of the molding material, so that even relatively high compression pressures are easily generated on the casting mold. In addition, the risk of the penetration of molding material and / or abrasive material into the mold is advantageously reduced with the deformation region on the feed element according to the invention. This also has an advantageous effect on the reliability and productivity of the manufacturing process.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of disposing a feeder sleeve in a mold, comprising the following steps; Providing a feeder sleeve according to any one of claims 1 to 10, arranging the feeder sleeve in a molding machine so that the molded body and the feeder element are in an arrangement out of which the molded body is movable relative to at least a portion of the feeder element; Forming machine, so that the outer wall of the feeder insert is brought into contact with the molding material, and compacting the molding sand, so that the shaped body is displaced relative to the feed element and at least a portion of the deformation region of the feed element is inverted. The forming machine used in connection with the method according to the invention preferably comprises a model plate (ie a pattern device for molding machines, usually consisting of a flat plate with cast-in or mechanically fastened models). The feed element is preferably arranged so that it is in direct contact with the surface of the pattern plate before the compression process of the molding material. Direct contact with the model plate is particularly advantageous if in the feed element a breaking edge is integrated, which is preferably part of a refractive core. Alternatively, the feeder sleeve is used in conjunction with a centering mandrel that simplifies alignment of the feeder sleeve with the model plate, but still maintains the feeding element in direct contact with the surface of the pattern plate.

A further alternative embodiment of the invention provides for the use of a centering core, which is designed so that only the centering core is preferably in direct contact with the model plate after inserting the feeder insert into the molding machine. The feeder insert itself is then directly in contact with the centering core. The centering core (centering mandrel) preferably includes a centering ring with which the approach region of the feed element is kept at a distance from the surface of the model plate, so that a gap is created between the attachment region of the feeder insert and the model plate. The gap is preferably less than 1 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.3 mm.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a portion of the deformation region of the feed element in the direction of the interior of the shaped body (ie in the direction of the feeder cavity) is invaginated, when the shaped body is moved in the feeder longitudinal direction to the feed element, preferably is pushed over the feed element. The invagination of the deformation region into at least a portion of the feeder cavity has the advantage that the shaped body is moved almost completely over the feed element. As a result, depending on the amount of the molding material introduced below the molding, the molding may optionally be brought into direct contact with the mold plate of the casting mold.

With regard to further preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, reference is made to the above explanations of the preferred embodiments of the described feeder insert.

A preferred feed element according to the invention is formed in one piece and comprises a tubular body which defines a passage region for the liquid metal.

The feed element has a first and a second end region, which are spaced apart, wherein the first end region of the feed element is placed with its approach region on a mold plate, also referred to as a mold model. The second end portion facing the molded body expands outward compared with the first end portion of the feeding member.

If a support region, preferably designed as a collar, is provided on the feed element, the support region supports the molded body in use, wherein the support region, which is preferably designed as a peripheral collar, runs perpendicular to the feeder longitudinal axis of the feeder insert in one embodiment. A further embodiment provides that the support region designed as a collar is inclined in such a way to the longitudinal axis of the feeder that the angle between the collar and the feeder longitudinal axis is not equal to 90 °. This embodiment of the invention can be combined with other aspects of the present invention in each case; with regard to preferred combinations, the statements made at the corresponding passages apply mutatis mutandis.

A bead-like depression arranged on the second end region of a preferred feed element is preferably formed in that the tubular body initially widens radially outward and is then bent over again in the direction of the first end region. Preferably, the bead-like depression has a U-shape, whereby two approximately mutually parallel wall sections are formed on the bead-like depression. As a result, a uniform (almost symmetrical) gentle compression of the feed element is effected during the relative movement of the feed element and the molded body relative to each other. Due to the preferably mutually parallel wall sections, the bead-like recess has an inner and an outer diameter. The distance between the mutually parallel wall regions determines the width dimension of the bead-like depression, which preferably has a width of at least 3 to 10% of the maximum diameter of the feed element, based on the maximum diameter of the feed element. However, the width of the bead-like depression is preferably less than 20, 15 or 10% of the maximum diameter of the delivery member compared to the maximum diameter of the delivery member.

The height of a bead-like depression arranged on a preferred feed element (measured in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the feeder) has a height in the range between 3 and 20% compared to the total height of the feed element, in particular before the compression of the feed element. During the compression of the molding material, a compression of the feed element takes place, which has the consequence that the total height of the feed element is reduced and the height of the bead-like depression in the deformation region of the feed element increases significantly in at least a first phase of the relative movement between the molded article and the feed element. Preferably For example, the height of the bead-like depression has a ratio in the range between 0.5 and 0.9 compared to the total height of the delivery member after a first phase of the upset of the delivery member.

In order to achieve a compression on a preferably used feed element during the compression process of the molding material, and thus to achieve the desired ratio between the height of the bead-like depression and the total height of the feed element after the upsetting, is preferably on the support region of the feed element, a force in the range of at least 2 to 4.5 kN.

A preferred feed element according to the invention preferably has a material thickness at its tubular body between 0.1 and 1.5 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 0.9 mm and particularly preferably between 0.4 and 0.6 mm. This embodiment of the invention can be combined with other aspects of the present invention in each case; with regard to preferred combinations, the statements made at the corresponding passages apply mutatis mutandis.

In order to avoid breakage of a preferred shaped article according to the invention or damage to the feed element during solidification of the molding material, it is provided that the initial crushing strength of a preferred feed element is at most 7000 N, 5000 N or 3000 N. However, the initial crush strength of the feed element should be at least in a range between 250 N and 1000 N to prevent inadvertent compression of the feed element during its handling for assembly on the molded article or during storage and transportation. The insertion resistance of the deformation region on a feed element according to the invention, which counteracts the force necessary to irreversibly and completely fill in the deformation region after the initial crush strength of the feed element has been overcome, is preferably in a range between at most 4000 N and 9000 N. avoided that it comes to an unwanted break on a molding. The insertion resistance of the deformation region is at least 750 N. Such a preferred feeder insert preferably comprises further features, which are referred to above or below as being preferred

A preferred feed element is made of a variety of suitable materials, such as metallic materials such as steel, aluminum, aluminum alloys, brass, copper or the like, or non-metallic materials such as plastic. In particular, depending on the material used then derives the initial compression strength and the Einülpfestigkeit of the feed element used in each case.

A molded article used in conjunction with a feed element to be used according to the invention preferably has a crush strength of at least 5 kN, 8 kN, 12 kN, 15 kN, 20 kN or 25 kN, depending on the initial crush strength and insertion resistance of the feed element. In a number of embodiments of the molded article, its crushing strength is preferably less than 25 kN, 20 kN, 18 kN, 15 kN, 10 kN or 8 kN. In this case, the strength of the shaped body is dependent, in particular, on the composition of the constituents used to produce the shaped body, the constituent binder and the production process for the shaped body. In addition, the size and shape of the shaped body preferably also have an influence on its compression strength. The above-described embodiments of the feed element and the shaped body can each be combined with the other sub-aspects of the present invention. With regard to preferred combinations, what has been said at the corresponding text passages applies correspondingly.

According to one embodiment, the tubular body of a preferred feed element, wherein a portion of the tubular body is formed as a deformation region, has a circular cross-section. The cross section of the tubular body is not necessarily circular, but could also z. B. oval, rounded or elliptical. In a preferred embodiment, the tubular body narrows (tapers) toward the first end region. A narrow section adjacent to the casting is known as the neck of the feeder and allows for a better "chopping" of the feeder after casting. In a number of embodiments, the angle of the tapered neck with respect to the longitudinal axis of the feeder should be less than 45 °.

Figur 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Speisereinsatzes in seiner Ausgangsanordnung im Längsschnitt;

Figur 2

eine Detailansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Zuführelementes gemäß Fig. 1 im Längsschnitt;

Figur 3

eine Detailansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Zuführelementes, welche das Zuführelement in einem teileingestülpten Zustand in den Formkörper zeigt;

Figur 4

eine Detailansicht des Zuführelementes nach einer vollständig umgesetzten Relativbewegung zwischen Formkörper und Zuführelement;

Figur 5

eine Einzelansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Zuführelements;

Figur 6

eine Detailansicht eines Speisereinsatzes mit einem alternativ ausgebildeten Zuführelement.

Figur 7

eine schematische Teilansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Speisereinsatzes aus Figur 1 in Kombination mit einem alternativen Zentrierdorn, und

Figur 8

eine vergrößerte Ansicht der in Figur 7 eingekreisten Einzelheit VIII

The invention will be explained with reference to possible embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. Hereby show:

FIG. 1

a schematic representation of a feeder insert according to the invention in its output arrangement in longitudinal section;

FIG. 2

a detailed view of a feed element according to the invention according to Fig. 1 in longitudinal section;

FIG. 3

a detail view of the feed element according to the invention, which shows the feed element in a teilingestülpten state in the molding;

FIG. 4

a detailed view of the feed after a fully implemented relative movement between the molding and the feed element;

FIG. 5

a single view of the feeding element according to the invention;

FIG. 6

a detailed view of a feeder insert with an alternative trained feeding.

FIG. 7

a schematic partial view of the feeder insert according to the invention FIG. 1 in combination with an alternative centering mandrel, and

FIG. 8

an enlarged view of the in FIG. 7 circled detail VIII

In FIG. 1 an inventive feeder insert 2 is shown in its output arrangement. The feeder insert 2 has a feed element 4 and a shaped body 6. Preferably, the feed element and the molded body 6 are formed as substantially rotationally symmetrical molded parts. The axis of rotation extending in the feeder longitudinal direction of the feeder insert 2 (feeder longitudinal axis) is indicated by a dashed line 8. The molded body 6 has an outer contour which widens conically upwards from the underside 12 of the molded body in a lower section. In a middle part 14, which extends over more than half the total height of the shaped body 6, the shaped body 6 has only a slightly conically widening outer contour. In an upper portion of the molded body, this tapers again conically and ends with a horizontally extending top 16. The feeder cavity defining inner contour of the molded body 6 has a slightly tapered from the bottom 12 upwardly tapered inner wall 18 which in the upper Section of the shaped body 6 merges into a more funnel-shaped narrowing wall portion 19, which is a guide surface for a (in Fig. FIG. 1 not shown) centering or centering mandrel represents. The upper end of the feeder cavity 10 is formed by a cylindrically shaped centering recess 20 for receiving the tip of a centering or centering mandrel.

FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of the feed element 4, which has a cylindrically shaped, sleeve-like deformation region 22 and a tapered at the deformation region in the direction of a model plate 30 shown approach area 24. The neck region has a passage opening 26. At the upper end of the deformation region, a circumferential bead-like depression 32 is provided on which a support region 34 extending in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis of the feeder 8 is arranged laterally, which is designed, for example, as a collar in contact with the underside 12 of the molded body 6.

In FIG. 3 the feeder insert 2 according to the invention is shown during a first phase of a relative movement between the feed element 4 and the molded body 6. Due to a preceding displacement of the shaped body 6, the upper region of the deformation region in the illustration according to FIG FIG. 3 already partially in the direction of the Speiser cavity 10 invaginated. The invaginated portion (Einülpabschnitt) 36 abuts against the inner wall 18 of the shaped body 6. FIG. 3 shows that the support member 34 by the forces acting on it rejects partially, which are caused by the movement of the molding 6; This prevents a material breakage.

In FIG. 4 the feeding element designed according to the invention is shown after a complete compression movement, ie maximum relative movement between the shaped body 6 and the feeding element 4. In addition to the Einülpabschnitt 36 of the deformation region 22, a kink region 38 has also formed. Waiving a kink area has in a non-illustrated alternative embodiment of the invention, the feeding after a complete compression movement only a Einstülpabschnitt, (depending on the dimensions of the feed and the dimensions of the cavity in the molding) directly to the inner wall of the molding. 6 applies or at a distance from the inner wall 18 (ie without direct contact with the inner wall) into the feeder cavity 10 extends.

FIG. 5 shows the feed element in a single view and illustrates its structural design. The feed element 4 is rotationally symmetrical and preferably made in one piece from a metallic material, for example a soft steel, which is suitable for cold forming. In this case, the feed element forms a lower part of the feeder insert 2 according to the invention, which has a material thickness of approximately 0.5 mm after its shaping, which preferably takes place by means of deep drawing. The feed element 4 is formed from the conically extending projection region 24, the cylindrically shaped deformation region 22, the bead-like depression 32 and the support region 34. The bead-like depression 32, which connects the deformation region 22 with the support region 34, forms the region at which the insertion process starts when the upsetting movement of the feeder insert 2 according to the invention occurs.

In FIG. 6 an alternative trained feed element 4 'is shown, which in contrast to the in FIG. 2 shown embodiment on its conical or funnel-shaped extending surface 40 'in the extension direction of the neck region 24' a plurality of beads 42, 42 'has. Over the beads 42, 42 'is an increased strength or deformation stiffness of the neck portion 24' of the feed element 4 'causes.

After placing the feeder insert 2 according to the invention onto the model plate 30 (FIG. FIG. 2 ) initially filling not shown in detail of molding material in a model plate receiving molding box, so that the feed element and the molded body of the feeder sleeve 2 is at least laterally enveloped by the molding material. The molding material is then compacted, and with the compression becomes an upsetting movement the feeder insert causes (ie, a relative movement between the feeding member 4 and the molded body 6). By the compression movement of the deformation region 22 of the feed element 4 is at least partially inverted into the feeder cavity 10 ( FIG. 3 ). In this case, the formed Einülpabschnitt 36 applies to the inner wall 18 of the shaped body 6. After a complete compression, as in FIG. 4 shown, the bottom 12 of the molding 6 is directly on the model plate 30. In addition to the Einstülpsabschnitt 36 a bend portion 38 is generated, whereby the insertion depth of the feed element 4 is kept low in the feeder cavity 10.

FIG. 7 shows a partial view of the feeder insert 2 according to the invention, which is arranged and aligned by means of a specifically designed centering (centering) 44 on the model plate 30 to the centering 44 includes a (standing in contact with the model plate 30) centering ring 46, based on the Speiserlängsachse 8, cone-shaped in the direction of the model plate 30. The centering ring 46 forms, as FIG. 8 illustrates a foot for the aufzuschiebenden approach area 24 of the feed element 4. Due to the cone shape of the centering ring 46 also an automatic centering of the feeder insert 2 is effected relative to the centering core 44. In the present case, the centering ring 46 with respect to its dimensions to the dimensions of the neck region 24, preferably the passage opening 26 (FIG. Fig. 2 ), such that the lug portion 24 of the feed element 4 is seated on the cone-shaped centering ring 46 and thereby kept at a distance from the surface of the model plate 30. Thus, a gap 48 between the neck portion 24 of the feeder sleeve and the model plate is generated, see. again FIG. 8 , The gap is preferably less than 0.3 mm. In the accompanying figures, identical components are designated by the same reference numerals.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, not shown in greater detail, the feeder insert according to the invention is used together with a centering core, which has or does not comprise a centering ring. In this case, the insert portion of the feeder sleeve is caused to be in direct contact with the surface of the pattern plate after insertion into the molding machine despite the use of a centering core.

Claims (15)

1. A feeder insert for use for the casting of metals into casting molds, having a mold body (6) and a supply element (4) which delimit the feeder cavity (10) for receiving liquid metal, wherein the supply element (4) has a passage opening (26) for the liquid metal, and wherein the mold body (6) is movable in a feeder longitudinal direction relative to at least one part of the supply element (4), characterized in that the supply element (4) has a deformation region (22) which is designed to turn in at least in sections in at least a first phase of a relative movement of the mold body (6) in the feeder longitudinal direction and in the direction of the supply element (4).
2. The feeder insert as claimed in claim 1,
   characterized in that the deformation region (22) is designed to turn in in the direction of the interior of the mold body (6), preferably in the direction of the mold body (6) without a dead space.
3. The feeder insert as claimed in either of claims 1 and 2,
   characterized in that, as a result of a movement of the mold body (6) in the feeder longitudinal direction relative to at least one part of the supply element (4), it is achieved that at least one section (36) of the deformation region (22) of the supply element (4) projects at least over a predetermined distance into a region, corresponding to the supply element, of the mold body (6) for the liquid metal, wherein the deformation region (22) of the supply element (4) is preferably designed or configured such that, after at least a first phase of the relative movement between the mold body (6) and supply element (4), it has two wall sections running approximately parallel in the feeder longitudinal direction.
4. The feeder insert as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that the turned-in portion (36) of the deformation region (22) is designed to bear against a wall region of the mold body (6),
   and/or
   that a wall part of the turned-in section (36) of the deformation region (22) is configured so as to be supported against an inner wall of the mold body (6).
5. The feeder insert as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that the deformation region (22) is designed such that, during a second phase, which follows the first phase, of the relative movement between the mold body (6) and supply element (4), said deformation region kinks inward along a part.
6. The feeder insert as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that the supply element (4) is connected to the mold body (6) via a coupling region which ensures a stable connection between supply element (4) and mold body (6) during the turning-in process, wherein preferably the supply element (4) has a support region (34) which engages on the mold body (6) and which serves to form a coupling region between the supply element (4) and mold body (6).
7. The feeder insert as claimed in claim 6,
   characterized in that the feeder insert (2) has a feeder longitudinal axis (8), wherein the support region (34) is a collar which is in contact with the underside (12) of the mold body (6) and which extends radially with respect to the feeder longitudinal axis (6),
   and/or
   the deformation region (22) has a cylindrical sleeve which, before the relative movement, has a bead-like depression (32), which projects outward in the manner of a bent flange, in the transition to the support region (34).
8. The feeder insert as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that the supply element (4) has an extension region (24) which tapers conically below the deformation region (22), wherein preferably the extension region (24) is equipped with a breaking edge.
9. The feeder insert as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that the extension region (24') of the supply element (4') has beads (42, 42') running in a direction of extent,
   and/or
   the mold body (6) and/or the supply element (4) have guide surfaces for guiding a centring core (44).
10. The feeder insert as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that the material for the supply element (4) is formed from or comprises a metallic material,
    and/or
    the material for the mold body (6) is or comprises a material which has exothermic and/or insulating properties.
11. A casting mold having a feeder insert (2) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10.
12. A method for arranging a feeder insert (2) in a casting mold, having the following steps:

    - providing a feeder insert (2) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10,

    - arranging the feeder insert (2) in a molding machine such that the mold body (6) and the supply element (4) are present in an arrangement proceeding from which the mold body (6) can be moved relative to at least one part of the supply element (4),

    - filling molding material into the molding machines such that the outer wall of the feeder insert (2) is placed in contact with the molding material,

    - compressing the molding sand such that the mold body (6) is displaced relative to the supply element (4), and at least one portion of the deformation region (22) of the supply element (4) is turned in.
13. Method as claimed in claim 12, wherein a portion of the deformation region (22) is turned in in the direction of the interior of the mold body (6) when the mold body (6) is moved along the feeder longitudinal axis in the direction of the supply element (4).
14. The method as claimed in either of claims 12 and 13, wherein a portion of the deformation region (22) is turned in into at least one portion of the feeder cavity of the mold body (6) when the mold body (6) is moved along the feeder longitudinal axis in the direction of the supply element (4).
15. The method as claimed in one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the molding machine has a pattern plate (30) and the supply element (4) is inserted into the molding machine such that it is placed in direct contact with the pattern plate (30) and/or with a centring core (44).

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