Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
  • G06F11/30—Monitoring
  • G06F11/34—Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down time, of input/output operation ; Recording or statistical evaluation of user activity, e.g. usability assessment
  • G06F11/3466—Performance evaluation by tracing or monitoring
  • G06F11/3495—Performance evaluation by tracing or monitoring for systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
  • G06F11/30—Monitoring
  • G06F11/34—Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down time, of input/output operation ; Recording or statistical evaluation of user activity, e.g. usability assessment
  • G06F11/3404—Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down time, of input/output operation ; Recording or statistical evaluation of user activity, e.g. usability assessment for parallel or distributed programming
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
  • G06F15/16—Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
  • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
  • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
  • G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to data processing systems and, in particular, to monitoring resources in a network data processing system.
• the process of provisioning resources can be very complex and may vary in many different aspects.
• the provisioning processes for each resource type may be different.
• Monitors are resources that provide information about other resources. For example, a monitor may be used to determine whether a switch is functional.
• a server may use a monitor to determine whether server resources are exhausted.
• Metering monitors are deployed on resources such that billing systems may use the monitored data created and collected.
• Resource models provide good monitoring capability and metrics on systems and applications. However, resource models are based upon an assumption that the monitor is operating on a discrete and separate system. Computers are often aggregated into clusters or grids. Clustering refers to using two or more computer systems that work together. The term “cluster” generally refers to multiple servers that are linked together in order to handle variable workloads or to provide continued operation in the event one fails.
• Grid computing is the sharing of central processing unit (CPU) resources across a network so that a plurality of machines function as one large supercomputer.
• Grid computing also referred to as peer-to-peer computing or distributed computing, allows unused CPU capacity in any of the machines to be allocated to the total processing job required.
• resources such as computers or applications
• resource monitors When resources, such as computers or applications, are aggregated into clusters or grids, the nature of the information that is reported by resource monitors may be interpreted in a different manner, because the resource being monitored is now part of a cooperative environment and need to be treated as such. For example, suppose a processor fails in a multiprocessing system with four processors and that multiprocessing system is one of four servers in a cluster, wherein each server is a multiprocessing system with four processors. When the failure of the processor is reported by the resource monitor, the meaning of this information is very different when considered with respect to the cluster rather than the individual server. For an individual computer, the processor failure represents a failure of one fourth of the CPU resources; however, for the cluster, the processor failure represents a failure of only one sixteenth of the CPU resources. Disclosure of Invention
• the present invention recognizes the disadvantages of the prior art and provides a mechanism and model for representing and managing composite resource models.
• the resource monitor scans for information that indicates that the resource under monitoring is part of a cluster, grid, or other composite configuration.
• the resoiifce monitor determines whether monitoring information for the resource should be reported differently because of the composite configuration. If monitoring information for the resource is to be reported differently, the resource monitor alters the reporting format to reflect the composite resource model.
• the resource manager may then receive the monitoring information and apply this information to individual resources and aggregate the monitoring information for composite resources. '
• a method for monitoring a resource wherein the resource is a monitored resource, the method comprising: determining whether the monitored resource is part of a composite resource; associating the monitored resource with the composite resource; and altering a reporting format for monitoring information to report monitoring information for the monitored resource and for the composite resource.
• the composite resource is one of a cluster and a grid. More preferably, the method further comprises: receiving the monitoring information at a resource manager; and aggregating the monitoring information for the composite resource. Still more preferably, the step of associating the monitored resource with the composite resource includes creating an entry for the monitored resource in a resource data structure.
• the resource data structure is a resource table.
• the step of associating the monitored resource with the composite resource further includes linking the entry in the resource data structure with an entry in a composite resource data structure.
• the composite resource data structure is one of a cluster data structure and a grid data structure.
• the composite resource is a cluster and wherein associating the monitored resource with the composite resource further includes linking the entry in the resource data structure with an entry in a cluster data structure. More preferably, the method further comprises: determining whether the cluster is part of a grid; and associating the cluster with the grid. Still more preferably, the step of associating the cluster with the grid includes linking the entry in the cluster data structure with an entry in a grid data structure.
• the step of determining whether the monitored resource is part of a composite resource includes identifying at least one of files loaded for a composite resource, hooks being leveraged in an operating system of the resource, and processes running for a composite resource.
• the present invention provides an apparatusfor monitoring a resource, wherein the resource is a monitored resource, the apparatus comprising: determination means for determining whether the monitored resource is part of a composite resource; association means for associating the monitored resource with the composite resource; and alteration means for altering a reporting format for monitoring information to report monitoring information for the monitored resource and for the composite resource.
• the present invention provides a computer program comprising program code means adapted to perform all the steps of the method above when said program is run on a computer.
• Figure 1 depicts a pictorial representation of a network of data processing systems in which exemplary aspects of the present invention may be implemented
• Figure 2 is a block diagram of a data processing system that may be implemented as a server in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 3 is a block diagram of a data processing system in which exemplary aspects of the present invention may be implemented
• Figure 4 is a block diagram of a resource monitoring configuration in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 5 illustrates example lookup data structures for a composite resource model in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of resource monitor deployment in a network environment with composite resources in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a resource monitor in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a resource management in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
• the present invention provides a method, apparatus and computer program product for mutual authorization of a secondary resource in a grid of resource computers.
• the data processing device may be a distributed data processing system in which multiple computing devices are utilized to perform various aspects of the present invention. Therefore, the following Figures 1-3 are provided as exemplary diagrams of data processing environments in which the present invention may be implemented. It should be appreciated that Figures 1-3 are only exemplary and are not intended to assert or imply any limitation with regard to the environments in which the present invention may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
• Network data processing system 100 is a network of computers in which the present invention may be implemented.
• Network data processing system 100 contains a network 102, which is the medium used to provide communications links between various devices and computers connected together within network data processing system 100.
• Network 102 may include connections, such as wire, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables.
• servers and other computing devices are connected to network 102.
• clients 104, 106, and 108 are connected to network 102. These clients 104, 106, and 108 may be, for example, personal computers or network computers.
• An enterprise may have many computing devices connected to a network.
• servers 112 may provide a first service, while servers 114 provide a second service and servers 116 provide a third service.
• servers 112 may be accounting servers, servers 114 may be Web servers, and servers 116 may be database servers.
• servers 112, 114, 116 provide data, services, or applications to clients 104, 106, 108.
• Printer 118 may be provided for use by particular devices in the network data processing system. For example, printer 118 may be assigned a role of printing billing statements for billing servers, providing printed output for particular clients in the network, or generating dump records for program development.
• the groups of servers 112, 114, 116 may be referred to as composite co nfigurations, that may include clusters and grids, for example.
• Clustering refers to using two or more computer systems that work together.
• the term "cluster” generally refers to multiple servers that are linked together in order to handle variable workloads or to provide continued operation in the event one fails.
• Resources within a cluster are managed using cluster software that provides load balancing and failover operations for fault tolerance.
• the number of resources, such as servers, in a cluster may vary depending upon the application or implementation.
• servers and other computing devices are connected to network 152 that is connected to network 102.
• Clients 154, 156 are connected to network 152. These clients 154, 156 may be, for example, personal computers or network computers.
• Servers 158 may provide a particular service to clients 154, 156. For example, servers 158 may perform computation-intensive tasks, such as medical imaging.
• servers 152 provide data, services, or applications to clients 154, 156.
• Network data processing system 100 may include additional servers, clients, and other devices not shown.
• Grid computing is the sharing of central processing unit (CPU) resources across a network so that a plurality of machines function as one large supercomputer.
• Grid computing also referred to as peer-to-peer computing or distributed computing, allows unused CPU capacity in any of the machines to be allocated to the total processing job required.
• a grid may be made up of a combination of client and server computers and clusters of computers. In fact grids are often referred to as clusters of clusters. Any computer system with unused resources may be configured to accept grid jobs through network data processing system 100.
• the grid computers within the grid may span the world and may be connected to network 102 through, for example without limitation, private networks, dial-up connections, dedicated Internet connections, gateway services, etc.
• Resources within a grid are managed using a grid engine, also referred to as "griddleware," that manages submission and acceptance of grid jobs, as well as authentication between resources.
• network data processing system 100 is the Internet with a worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicate with one another.
• TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
• At the heart of the Internet is a backbone of high-speed data communication lines between major nodes or host computers, consisting of thousands of commercial, government, educational and other computer systems that route data and messages.
• network data processing system 100 also may be implemented as a number of different types of networks, such as for example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network (WAN).
• Figure 1 is intended as an example, and not as an architectural limitation for the present invention.
• SMP symmetric multiprocessor
• Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus bridge 214 connected to I O bus 212 provides an interface to PCI local bus 216.
• PCI Peripheral component interconnect
• a number of modems may be connected to PCI local bus 216.
• Typical PCI bus implementations will support four PCI expansion slots or add-in connectors.
• Communications links to clients 108-112 in Figure 1 may be provided through modem 218 and network adapter 220 connected to PCI local bus 216 through add-in connectors.
• Additional PCI bus bridges 222 and 224 provide interfaces for additional PCI local buses 226 and 228, from which additional modems or network adapters may be supported. In this manner, data processing system 200 allows connections to multiple network computers.
• a memory-mapped graphics adapter 230 and hard disk 232 may also be connected to I/O bus 212 as depicted, either directly or indirectly.
• the data processing system depicted in Figure 2 may be, for example, an IBM eServer pSeries system running the Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) operating system or LINUX operating system (IBM, e-server, pSeries and AIX are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both).
• AIX Advanced Interactive Executive
• LINUX LINUX operating system
• Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both).
• Data processing system 300 is an example of a computer, such as client 108 in Figure 1, in which code or instructions implementing the processes of the present invention may be located.
• data processing system 300 employs a hub architecture including a north bridge and memory controller hub (MCH) 308 and a south bridge and input/output (I/O) controller hub (ICH) 310.
• MCH north bridge and memory controller hub
• I/O input/output controller hub
• Processor 302, main memory 304, and graphics processor 318 are connected to MCH 308.
• Graphics processor 318 v may be connected to the MCH through an accelerated graphics port (AGP), for example.
• AGP accelerated graphics port
• LAN adapter 312 local area network (LAN) adapter 312, audio adapter 316, keyboard and mouse adapter 320, modem 322, read only memory (ROM) 324, hard disk drive (HDD) 326, CD-ROM driver 330, universal serial bus (USB) portsand other communications ports 1 332, and PCI/PCIe devices 334 may be connected to ICH 310.
• PCI PCIe devices may include, for example, Ethernet adapters, add-in cards, PC cards for notebook computers, etc. PCI uses a cardbus controller, while PCIe does not.
• ROM 324 may be, for example, a flash binary input/output system (BIOS).
• BIOS binary input/output system
• Hard disk drive 326 and CD-ROM drive 330 may use, for example, an integrated drive electronics (IDE) or serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) interface.
• a super I O (SIO) device 336 may be connected to ICH 310.
• An operating system runs on processor 302 and is used to coordinate and provide control of various components within data processing system 300 in Figure 3.
• the operating system may be a commercially available operating system such as WINDOWS XP operating system (Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both).
• An object oriented programming system such as JAVA (Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both) programming language may run in conjunction with the operating system and provides calls to the operating system from Java programs or applications executing on data processing system 300.
• Instructions for the operating system, the object-oriented programming system, and applications or programs are located on storage devices, such as hard disk drive 326, and may be loaded into main memory 304 for execution by processor 302.
• the processes of the present invention are performed by processor 302 using computer implemented instructions, which may be located in a memory such as, for example, main memory 304, memory 324, or in one or more peripheral devices 326 and 330.
• Data processing system 300 may be a tablet computer or laptop computer in addition to taking the form of a PDA.
• FIG 4 is a block diagram of a resource monitoring configuration in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• Resource 410 includes cluster software 412, grid engine 414, and operating system 418.
• Resource 410 may be a server, such as one of servers 112 in Figure 1, for example without limitation.
• Resource monitor 416 is deployed to resource 410 by an administrator at administrator computer 420.
• Administrator computer 420 includes resource manager 422 and operating system 428.
• Resource manager 422 communicates with monitor 416 and receives and manages monitor information from resource monitors within a network, such as network data processing system 100 in Figure 1.
• Administrator computer 420 may be a client, such as client 104 in Figure 1, for example without limitation.
• resource monitor 416 scans for information that indicates that the resource under monitoring is part of a cluster, grid, or other composite configuration.
• Resource monitor 416 may scan for particular files loaded for cluster software 412 or grid engine 414, hooks being leveraged in operating system 418, and processes running for cluster software 412 or grid engine 414.
• Resource monitor 416 and/or resource manager 422 may keep a table or mapping that indicates which resources belong to which cluster, which resources belong to which grids, and/or which clusters belong to which grids.
• resource monitor 416 may perform a lookup for the resource to determine whether the monitoring info ⁇ nation should be reported differently. Example lookup data structures are described below with respect to Figure 5.
• resource monitor 416 aggregates the monitoring information and alters the reporting format to reflect the composite resource model. Resource manner 422 may then receive the monitoring information and apply this information to individual resources and composite resources.
• FIG. 5 illustrates example lookup data structures for a composite resource model in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• Resource table 510 associates resources with composite configurations. Resources are identified in the depicted example using an address, such as an Internet Protocol (IP) address. Other identification conventions may also be used depending upon the specific implementation. For example, resources may be identified by a naming convention.
• IP Internet Protocol
• resource table 510 includes an "Address” column and a "Cluster/Grid” column.
• the "Cluster/Grid” column identifies whether a resource belongs to a cluster or grid and includes an identification of the cluster or grid to which the resource belongs. For example, as shown in the specific example in Figure 5, the resource at address 192.168.1.101 belongs to the cluster, Cluster_l, while the resource at address 192.168.1.119 belongs to the cluster, Cluster_2. In this example, the resource at address 192.168.1.118 does not belong to any cluster or grid; however, the resource at address 192.168.1.121 belongs to the grid, Grid_2.
• Cluster table 520 associates clusters with the functions they are assigned.
• cluster table 520 includes a "Cluster” column and a "Function” column.
• the "Cluster” column identifies the cluster by name; however, other identification conventions may be used depending upon the specific implementation.
• the "Function” column identifies a function or role that is assigned to the cluster of resources. For example, Cluster_l is assigned a role of "HTTP Server,” while Cluster_2 is assigned a role of "Billing" and Cluster_3 is assigned a role of "Database.”
• Cluster table 520 may also include a "Grid” column.
• the "Grid” column identifies whether a cluster belongs to a grid and includes an identification of the grid to which the cluster belongs. For example, as shown in the specific example in Figure 5, Cluster _1 belongs to the grid, Grid_l, while Cluster_3 belongs to the grid, Grid_2.
• a value in the "Cluster/Grid” column in resource table 510 may point to an entry in cluster table 520 or grid table 530.
• a value in the "Grid” column in grid table 520 may point to an entry in grid table 530.
• grid table 530 simply provides a list of grid names; however, grid table 530 may include additional information within the scope of the present invention.
• FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of resource monitor deployment in a network environment with composite resources in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• the process begins and deploys a monitor to a resource (block 602). Then, the process scans for information indicating that the resource is part of a cluster (block 604). A determination is made as to whether the resource is part of a cluster (block 606).
• the process associates the resource s with the cluster (block 608).
• the association may be made, for example, by making an entry in a resource table.
• the process scans for information indicating that the resource is part of a grid (block 610). If the resource is not part of a cluster in block 606, the process continues directly to block 610 to scan for information indicating that the resource is part of a grid.
• FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a resource monitor in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• the process begins and receives monitoring information for a resource (block 702). This step may be performed by the resource monitor at the resource. A determination is made as to whether the resource is associated with a cluster (block 704).
• the resource monitor may compile a resource table or receive a resource table from a resource manager. The resource table may map resources to clusters and/or grids within a network environment.
• the process alters the reporting format for grid reporting (block 714). Thereafter, the process reports the monitoring information for the resource (block 718) and ends. If the monitoring information is not to be reported differently in block 712, the process continues directly to bock 718 to report the monitoring info ⁇ nation.
• the process continues to block 712 to determine whether the monitoring information is to be reported differently for the grid (block 712). If the resource is not associated with a grid in block 716, the process continues directly to block 718 to report the monitoring information for the resource. Thereafter, the process ends.
• FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a resource management in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• the process begins and receives monitoring information for a resource (block 802). This step may be performed by the resource manager at an administrator computer or workstation. Then, the process aggregates monitoring information, such as metrics, for example, for clusters (block 804). Next, the process aggregates monitoring information for grids (block 806). Thereafter, the process ends.
• the exemplary aspects of the present invention provide a mechanism and model for representing and managing composite resource models.
• the resource monitor determines whether monitoring information for the resource should be reported differently because of the composite configuration. If monitoring information for the resource is to be reported differently, the resource monitor alters the reporting format to reflect the composite resource model.
• the resource manager may then receive the monitoring information and apply this information to individual resources and aggregte monitoring information for composite resources. The resource manner may then make resource management decisions based upon this ⁇ gregated monitoring information.

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• 2004
  • 2004-03-25 US US10/809,587 patent/US7487239B2/en active Active
• 2005
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