WO2005091421A1 - 電池の非水電解液用添加剤、電池用非水電解液及び非水電解液電池 - Google Patents
電池の非水電解液用添加剤、電池用非水電解液及び非水電解液電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005091421A1 WO2005091421A1 PCT/JP2005/003473 JP2005003473W WO2005091421A1 WO 2005091421 A1 WO2005091421 A1 WO 2005091421A1 JP 2005003473 W JP2005003473 W JP 2005003473W WO 2005091421 A1 WO2005091421 A1 WO 2005091421A1
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- battery
- aqueous electrolyte
- additive
- phosphazene
- chlorine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/168—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by additives
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Non-aqueous electrolyte additive for batteries, non-aqueous electrolyte for batteries and non-aqueous electrolyte batteries are non-aqueous electrolyte additive for batteries, non-aqueous electrolyte for batteries and non-aqueous electrolyte batteries
- the present invention relates to an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte of a battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery containing the additive, and a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the same, and particularly to a non-aqueous electrolyte having excellent safety and low-temperature characteristics. It relates to a water electrolyte battery.
- non-aqueous electrolyte batteries using lithium as the negative electrode active material are one of the batteries with high energy density because the electrode potential of lithium is the lowest in metal and the electric capacity per unit volume is large.
- Many types of batteries, both primary and secondary, are known and actively researched, and some of them are put to practical use and supplied to plants.
- non-aqueous electrolyte primary batteries are used as power sources for cameras, electronic watches and various memory backups.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are used as a drive power source for notebook PCs and mobile phones, and are being considered for use as the main power source or auxiliary power source for electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles.
- lithium as a negative electrode active material reacts violently with compounds having active protons such as water and alcohol.
- compounds having active protons such as water and alcohol.
- aprotic organic solvents such as ether compounds
- the aprotic organic solvent has low reactivity with lithium as the negative electrode active material, a large current suddenly flows, for example, when the battery is short-circuited, and the battery generates abnormal heat.
- the battery generates abnormal heat.
- a phosphazene conjugate is added to a non-aqueous electrolyte to impart nonflammability, flame retardancy, or self-extinguishing properties to the non-aqueous electrolyte so that the battery can be used in an emergency such as a short circuit.
- Ignition Non-aqueous electrolyte batteries with greatly reduced ruggedness have been developed.
- the phosphazene conjugate in which two fluorines are bonded to each phosphorus element in the molecule in a cyclic manner has a much higher viscosity than the phosphazene conjugate in which an organic group is bonded to the phosphorus element.
- the phosphazene compound is cyclic and has two fluorine atoms bonded to each phosphorus element in the molecule, the phosphazene compound has a low boiling point, so that there is a possibility that the phosphazene compound is vaporized when used at a high temperature. Also, when the battery temperature rises in an emergency such as a short circuit, the phosphazene conjugate vaporizes before the aprotic organic solvent, so that the remaining aprotic organic solvent is vaporized and decomposed alone. There was a danger that gas was generated during the operation, that the gas and heat generated ruptured and ignited the battery, and that the spark generated at the time of the short circuit ignited the remaining aprotic organic solvent.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to sufficiently secure the safety of the electrolyte even in an emergency such as a short circuit without evaporating at the time of use at a high temperature where the boiling point is sufficiently high. It is another object of the present invention to provide an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte of a battery which can provide excellent low-temperature characteristics. Another object of the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery containing a strong additive, and a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the non-aqueous electrolyte and having excellent safety and low-temperature characteristics. is there.
- a cyclic phosphazene conjugate having a specific structure has a sufficiently high boiling point, a sufficiently low freezing point, and a very high oxygen index.
- non-aqueous electrolysis can be performed even in an emergency such as a short circuit that does not cause the phosphazene conjugate to vaporize when the battery is used at a high temperature. It has been found that the safety of the solution can be sufficiently ensured, and furthermore, the low-temperature characteristics of the battery have been improved, and the present invention has been completed.
- the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte of the battery of the present invention has the following formula (I): (NPX)
- X is each independently a halogen element, and n is an integer of 3-15), and is a phosphazene bond containing at least two kinds of halogen elements. .
- the phosphazene conjugate contains fluorine and chlorine.
- X in the above formula (I) is more preferably each independently fluorine or chlorine.
- n is 5 in the formula (I).
- the viscosity of the phosphazene conjugate is sufficiently low, the discharge characteristics and the charge characteristics of the battery can be sufficiently ensured without increasing the viscosity of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte of the battery of the present invention may be a phosphazene compound wherein n in the above formula (I) is 3, 13 out of 6 Xs are chlorine and the remainder is fluorine, or Z or It is further preferred that n in the formula (I) is 4, and phosphazene compound in which 115 out of eight Xs are chlorine and the remainder is fluorine. It is even more preferable that the phosphazene conjugate contains two or more chlorine atoms in the molecule, and each chlorine atom is bonded to a different phosphorus atom. In this case, since the freezing point of the phosphazene compound is particularly low, the low-temperature characteristics of the battery can be significantly improved.
- the phosphazene compound has a freezing point of -5 ° C or less. Also in this case, the freezing point of the phosphazene conjugate is sufficiently low, so that the low-temperature characteristics of the battery can be significantly improved.
- non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery according to the present invention is characterized by containing the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte of the battery, a non-protonic organic solvent, and a supporting salt.
- the difference in boiling point between the aprotic organic solvent and the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte in the battery is 25 ° C or less. In this case, the safety of the non-aqueous electrolyte in an emergency can be sufficiently improved.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is characterized by including the above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolyte for a battery, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and is particularly excellent in safety and low-temperature characteristics.
- the cyclic phosphazene ligating material having a specific structure is also obtained, and the safety of the nonaqueous electrolyte can be sufficiently ensured even in an emergency such as a short circuit that does not evaporate when used at a high temperature.
- the present invention can provide a non-aqueous electrolyte additive for a battery, which can significantly improve the low-temperature characteristics of the battery.
- non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery that contains a powerful additive and has a sufficiently high safety and can significantly improve low-temperature characteristics of the battery. Further, it is possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a battery and having excellent safety and low-temperature characteristics.
- the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte of a battery according to the present invention is characterized by having a cyclic phosphazene bonding property represented by the above formula (I) and containing at least two kinds of halogen elements. Since the phosphazene conjugate has a sufficiently high boiling point, the battery provided with the non-aqueous electrolyte containing the additive of the present invention, which does not vaporize at the time of use at a high temperature, swells even at the time of use at a high temperature. There is no concern.
- the phosphazene compound since the phosphazene compound has a sufficiently low freezing point, it exists as a liquid even at low temperatures, and the low-temperature characteristics of the battery can be improved by adding the phosphazene to the non-aqueous electrolyte of the battery. Can be. Further, the phosphazene compound has a very high oxygen index, and generates nitrogen gas and Z or phosphate ester in the event of a battery emergency, and makes the nonaqueous electrolyte nonflammable, flame retardant or self-extinguishing. And has the effect of greatly reducing the danger of battery ignition and the like.
- the phosphazene conjugate that constitutes the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte of the battery of the present invention is represented by the above formula (I) and contains at least two kinds of halogen elements.
- X is independently a halogen element, and examples of the halogen element include fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. Of these, fluorine and chlorine are preferable.
- the phosphazene compound preferably contains at least fluorine and chlorine, and all Xs are preferably fluorine or chlorine. When a compound containing a halogen element is used, generation of halogen radicals may be a problem, but the phosphazene conjugate is stable in a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- n is an integer of 3 to 15, and preferably 3 to 5. n exceeds 5
- the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte increases due to the increase in the viscosity of the phosphazene ligated product, the internal resistance of the battery increases, and the conductivity of the electrolyte decreases. The charging characteristics tend to decrease.
- the viscosity of the phosphazene conjugate at 25 ° C. is more preferably 5 mPa's or less, preferably 10 mPa's or less, from the viewpoint of sufficiently securing the discharge characteristics and charge characteristics of the battery.
- the viscosity was measured using a viscometer [R-type viscometer Model RE500-SL, manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.] at lrpm, 2rpm, 3rpm, 5rpm, 7rpm, 10rpm, 20rpm and 50rpm.
- the rotation speed was measured for 120 seconds, and the rotation speed when the indicated value became 50-60% was taken as the analysis condition, and the value was measured at that time.
- the phosphazene compound preferably has a limiting oxygen index of 30 or more, more preferably 40 or more.
- a phosphazene conjugate having a limiting oxygen index of 40 or more to a non-aqueous electrolyte, the risk of ignition and ignition of the electrolyte can be significantly reduced.
- the limiting oxygen index refers to the value of the minimum oxygen concentration expressed in volume% required for the material to sustain combustion under the specified test conditions specified in JIS K 7201. Higher means lower risk of ignition.
- the phosphazene compound preferably has a freezing point of -5 ° C or lower, more preferably -20 ° C or lower, and still more preferably -30 ° C or lower.
- a freezing point of -5 ° C or lower By adding the phosphazene conjugate having a freezing point of ⁇ 5 ° C. or less to the non-aqueous electrolyte, the low-temperature characteristics of the battery can be reliably improved.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte battery added to an aqueous electrolyte is particularly suitable as a mobile (for HEV) battery because of its excellent low-temperature characteristics.
- n in the formula (I) is 3 and 1 to 3 of the 6 Xs are chlorine and the remainder is fluorine, and the compound represented by the formula (I Among the n forces in), those in which 115 out of eight X's are chlorine and the rest are fluorine are particularly preferred.
- the solidification point of the phosphazene conjugate where X in the formula (I) is fluorine or chlorine is shown in Table 1 together with the boiling point and the oxygen index.
- the above phosphazene compound is obtained by fluorinating all chlorine with a fluorinating agent, using a commercially available phosphazene conjugate in which X in formula (I) is all chlorine. Then, after introducing an alkoxy group or an amine group into the target chlorine-substituted site, a method of re-chlorinating with a chlorinating agent such as HC1 or phosgene, or where X in the formula (I) used is all chlorine After calculating the equivalent of fluorine to be introduced into the commercially available phosphazenic compound, the compound can be synthesized by a method of adding a necessary amount of a fluorinating agent or the like.
- the above phosphazene conjugate may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery according to the present invention includes the above-described additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery, a non-protonic organic solvent, and a supporting salt.
- the aprotic organic solvent used in the non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- ether compounds and ester compounds are preferred.
- DME 1,2-dimethoxyethane
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC getyl carbonate
- DEC diphenyl carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- Preferable examples include ⁇ -butyrolataton (GBL), y-valerolatatone, ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and methylformate (MF).
- examples of the aprotic organic solvent for the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the primary battery include cyclic esterified compounds such as propylene carbonate and ⁇ -butyrolataton, and linear esterified compounds such as dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
- cyclic esterified compounds such as propylene carbonate and ⁇ -butyrolataton
- linear esterified compounds such as dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
- Compounds and chain etherified compounds such as 1,2-dimethoxetane are more preferred.
- chained esterified compounds such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane and the like.
- the cyclic ester compound and the ethereal compound are low in viscosity because the specific ester conductivity is high and the solubility of lithium salt and the like is excellent. It is suitable in terms of conversion. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but it is preferable to use two or more in combination.
- the viscosity of the aprotic organic solvent at 25 ° C is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 mPa-s (5cP) or less, more preferably 10 mPa-s (10 cP) or less! /.
- the difference in boiling point between the aprotic organic solvent and the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte in the battery is preferably 25 ° C or less.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery according to the present invention contains one or more aprotic organic solvents and a supporting salt, and further comprises, for each of the aprotic organic solvents, It is preferable that the phosphazene conjugate having a boiling point difference of not more than 25 ° C. from the organic solvent and containing at least two halogen elements represented by the above formula (I) is contained.
- the phosphazene compound has an effect of reducing the risk of ignition of the battery and the like, but the non-aqueous electrolyte containing the aprotic organic solvent has a boiling point close to that of the aprotic organic solvent.
- the temperature range in which the aprotic organic solvent and the phosphazene conjugate do not coexist in either the gas phase or the liquid phase is wide.
- the risk of ignition or ignition of the vaporized aprotic organic solvent or the aprotic organic solvent remaining in the battery cannot be reduced.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains the aprotic organic solvent and a phosphazene compound having a boiling point close to that of the aprotic organic solvent
- the battery temperature rises abnormally, the Since the phosphazene compound evaporates at a near temperature, the aprotic organic solvent may exist either as a liquid or as a gas.
- the aprotic organic solvent and the phosphazene conjugate coexist, and as a result, the danger of ignition and ignition of the nonaqueous electrolyte is greatly reduced.
- the temperature may be close to the temperature at which the low-boiling aprotic organic solvent vaporizes. Then, the corresponding phosphazene compound is vaporized, so that the danger of ignition and ignition of the vaporized aprotic organic solvent can be reduced. Further, even after the low boiling aprotic organic solvent and the phosphazene compound having a boiling point close to that of the low boiling aprotic organic solvent are vaporized, the high boiling aprotic organic solvent and the high boiling aprotic organic solvent are also vaporized. Near boiling point with solvent! ⁇ ⁇ Since the phosphazene compound is present in the electrolyte, the risk of ignition and ignition of the remaining nonaqueous electrolyte can be reduced.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte for a battery of the present invention it is preferable to appropriately select and use a phosphazene compound (additive) having a boiling point close to that of the aprotic organic solvent depending on the aprotic organic solvent to be used.
- a phosphazene compound (additive) having a boiling point close to that of the aprotic organic solvent depending on the aprotic organic solvent to be used.
- the phosphazene-conjugated compound represented by the above formula (I) and containing at least two kinds of halogen elements can take a wide range of boiling points depending on the number of chlorine atoms in the molecule and the value of n.
- a supporting salt serving as an ion source of lithium ions is preferable.
- the supporting salt is not particularly limited, for example, LiCIO, LiCIO
- a lithium salt such as N is preferred.
- These supporting salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the supporting salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery of the present invention is preferably 0.2 to 1.5 mol / L (M). Shig 0.5-lmol / L (M) is more preferred. If the concentration of the supporting salt is less than 0.2 mol / L (M), the conductivity of the electrolyte cannot be sufficiently secured, and the discharge characteristics and the charging characteristics of the battery may be impaired. If the concentration exceeds (M), the viscosity of the electrolyte increases, and the mobility of lithium ions cannot be sufficiently secured.Therefore, as described above, the conductivity of the electrolyte cannot be sufficiently ensured, and the discharge characteristics and the charge characteristics of the battery deteriorate. May cause trouble.
- the content of the phosphazene conjugate in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution for a battery of the present invention is preferably 1% by volume or more. It is more preferably at least 5% by volume, and from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature characteristics of the battery, more preferably at least 10% by volume, and still more preferably at least 15% by volume.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and is generally used as needed in the technical field of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a separator. Other members are provided.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention may be a primary battery or a secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is partially different between a primary battery and a secondary battery.
- a positive electrode active material of a nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery fluorinated graphite [( CF)], MnO
- Metal oxides such as nO and MnO, LiCoO, LiNiO, LiMn O, LiFeO and LiFePO
- the lithium-containing composite oxide may be a composite oxide containing two or three transition metals selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, and N.
- the composite oxide Is LiFe Co Ni O (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 ⁇ y (1-xy) 2
- cathode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. You can do it.
- the negative electrode active material of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is partially different between the primary battery and the secondary battery.
- the negative electrode active material of the nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery may be other than lithium metal itself.
- lithium alloy examples of the metal that forms an alloy with lithium include Sn, Pb, Al, Au, Pt, In, Zn, Cd, Ag, Mg, and Si. Of these, Al, Zn, Mg, Si, and Sn are preferred from the viewpoint of large reserves and toxicity.
- the negative electrode active material of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery lithium metal itself, an alloy of lithium with Al, In, Pb, Zn or Si, a carbon material such as graphite doped with lithium, and the like are used. Preferred among these are graphite, which has higher safety, and is superior in electrolyte wettability.In view of excellent wettability of the electrolyte, graphite such as graphite is preferred.o Here, natural graphite and artificial graphite are preferred as graphite. And mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB), etc., which are widely used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be mixed with a conductive agent and a binder as needed.
- a conductive agent include acetylene black and the like. PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and the like. These additives can be used in the same mixing ratio as in the past.
- the shapes of the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be appropriately selected from known shapes as electrodes with no particular restrictions. For example, a sheet shape, a column shape, a plate shape, a spiral shape, and the like can be given.
- Another member used in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is a separator which is interposed between the positive and negative electrodes in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery so as to prevent a short circuit of current due to contact between the two electrodes.
- a material of the separator a material which can surely prevent the contact between the two electrodes and which can pass or contain an electrolytic solution, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, cenorellose, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate
- a nonwoven fabric or a thin film made of a synthetic resin such as phthalate is preferably used.
- microporous films made of polypropylene or polyethylene with a thickness of about 20-50 ⁇ m, finolems such as cenorellose, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene terephthalate Is particularly preferred.
- finolems such as cenorellose, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene terephthalate Is particularly preferred.
- known members generally used for batteries can be suitably used.
- the form of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention described above is not particularly limited, and various known forms such as a coin type, a button type, a paper type, a square type or a spiral type cylindrical battery, etc. Are preferred.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery can be manufactured by forming a sheet-shaped positive electrode and a negative electrode and sandwiching a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery can be manufactured by forming a sheet-shaped positive electrode, sandwiching a current collector, and laminating and winding a sheet-shaped negative electrode. it can.
- NPC1 and sodium fluoride are mixed in trobenzene as a solvent, and then mixed under reduced pressure (
- the temperature was gradually raised from room temperature to 140 ° C. over about one hour to obtain a volatile fraction as a product.
- n was 3 and all 6 X were fluorine cyclic phosphazenic compounds (boiling point: 52 ° C.) C, the freezing point is 28 ° C, the viscosity force at 25 ° C is ⁇ .8mPa's), n in the formula (I) is 3, one of the six X is chlorine, and five are fluorine.
- a cyclic phosphazenic compound (having a boiling point of 82 ° C, a freezing point of -30 ° C, and a viscosity at 25 ° C of 0.8 mPa's) and n in the formula (I) of 3 X is a cyclic phosphazenic compound of two of chlorine and four of fluorine (boiling point power Sii 5 ° C, freezing point -46 ° C, viscosity at 25 ° C Sl.lmPa's) and the formula ( In the formula (I), n is 3, 3 of 6 X are chlorine, and 3 are fluorine cyclic phosphazenic compounds (boiling point is 150 ° C, freezing point is -35 ° C, 25 ° C viscosity at it was confirmed that a mixture of 1.3 mPa 'S). The mixture was separated by distillation to obtain four pure cyclic phosphazene conjugates.
- the temperature was gradually raised from room temperature to 180 ° C over about one hour to obtain a volatile fraction as a product.
- the obtained product was analyzed by GC-MS. As a result, it was found that all of the eight Xs were fluorine cyclic phosphazenic compounds (boiling point of 80 ° C Where the freezing point is 30 ° C and the viscosity force at 25 ° C s 0.8mPa's), and the n-force in formula (I), where one of eight X's is chlorine and seven are fluorine cyclic phosphazenes.
- a mixed solution (composed of an aprotic organic solvent and a phosphazene conjugate) having the composition shown in Table 2 was prepared, and LiBF (supporting salt) was added to the mixed solution at a concentration of 0.75 mol / L (M). Dissolve in
- the safety of the non-aqueous electrolyte was evaluated from the combustion behavior of a flame ignited in an atmospheric environment using a method that was based on the UL (Underwriting Laboratory) standard UL94HB method. At that time, ignitability, flammability, formation of carbides, and phenomena during secondary ignition were also observed. Specifically, based on UL test standards, a non-combustible quartz fiber was impregnated with 1.OmL of the above electrolytic solution to prepare a 127 mm ⁇ 12.7 mm test piece. Here, the test flame is tested If the piece does not ignite (combustion length: 0 mm), it is “non-flammable”.
- the ignited flame does not reach the 25 mm line and no ignition is found on the falling object, it is “flame retardant”. However, the fire was extinguished on the 25-100 mm line and no ignition was found on the falling object, and it was evaluated as “self-extinguishing” and the case where the ignited flame exceeded the 100 mm line was evaluated as “flammable”.
- the limiting oxygen index of the electrolytic solution was measured according to JIS K 7201. Specifically, a test piece was prepared in the same manner as in the above electrolyte solution safety test, and the test piece was placed vertically on a test piece support, and a combustion cylinder (with an inner diameter of 75 mm, a height of 450 mm, and a diameter of 4 mm) was used. A glass mesh is filled evenly to a thickness of 100 ⁇ 5 mm from the bottom, and a metal mesh is placed on it.) Attach it at a distance of at least 100 mm from the upper end of the glass cylinder. K 1101 or equivalent or more) and nitrogen (JIS K 1107 grade 2 or equivalent) and ignite the test piece under specified conditions (Heat source Pio IS K 2240 No.
- the oxygen index refers to the minimum oxygen concentration expressed as a percentage of the volume required for the material to sustain combustion, and in this application, the specimen burns for at least 3 minutes or From the minimum oxygen flow required to burn 50 mm or more after burning and the nitrogen flow at that time, the following formula is used:
- limiting oxygen index (oxygen flow rate) Z [(oxygen flow rate) + (nitrogen flow rate)] ⁇ 100 (vol%).
- MnO cathode active material
- acetylene black conductive agent
- Residual discharge capacity discharge capacity (-40 ° C) Z discharge capacity (25 ° C) X 100 (%)
- the residual capacity of the discharge capacity was calculated according to the following formula, and used as an index of the low-temperature characteristics of the battery.
- PC propylene carbonate (boiling point: 242 ° C)
- DME 1,2-dimethoxetane
- GBL y-butyrate ratatone
- phosphazene A is a cyclic phosphazene compound of formula (I) wherein n is 3, one of six X is chlorine, and five are fluorine (viscosity at 25 ° C: 0.8 mPa's, boiling point: 82 ° C).
- phosphazene B is a cyclic phosphazene conjugate in which n is 3 in formula (I), two of six X are chlorine, and four are fluorine (viscosity at 25 ° C .: 1.ImPa ⁇ s, boiling point 115 ° C), and phosphazene C is a cyclic phosphazene compound of the formula (I) in which n is 3, 3 of 6 X are chlorine, and 3 are fluorine.
- phosphazene D is n-force in formula (I)
- one of eight X's is chlorine and seven are fluorine
- a cyclic phosphazene compound (viscosity at 25 ° C .: 1.2 mPa's, boiling point 117 ° C.)
- phosphazene E is represented by the formula (I):
- n is a cyclic phosphazene compound (viscosity at 25 ° C: 1.5 mPa's, boiling point: 147 ° C) in which two of eight X's are chlorine and six are fluorine
- phosphazene F is represented by the formula (I)
- a cyclic phosphazene compound (viscosity at 25 ° C: 1.9 mPa's, boiling point: 178 ° C) in which three of eight X's are chlorine and five are fluorine,
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the example has a high limiting oxygen index and is excellent in safety, and the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery of the example has excellent low-temperature characteristics. I understand.
- a mixed solution (composed of an aprotic organic solvent and a phosphazene conjugate) having the composition shown in Table 3 was prepared, and LiPF (supporting salt) was added to the mixed solution at a concentration of lmol / L (M). Dissolve and non
- a water electrolyte was prepared.
- the safety and critical oxygen index of the obtained non-aqueous electrolyte were Measured and evaluated by the method. Table 3 shows the results.
- Residual capacity ratio S discharge capacity after 100 cycles Z
- Initial discharge capacity X 100 (%) The residual capacity ratio S was calculated and used as an index of the cycle characteristics of the battery.
- the remaining capacity ratio L was calculated according to the following formula, and used as an index of the low-temperature characteristics of the battery.
- EC is ethylene carbonate (boiling point 238 ° C)
- DEC is getyl carbonate (boiling point 127 ° C)
- DMC is dimethyl carbonate (boiling point 90 ° C)
- PC is propylene carbonate.
- EMC uses ethyl methyl carbonate (boiling point 108 ° C)
- MF indicates methylformate (boiling point: 32 ° C).
- the phosphazenes A to H are as described above.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the example has a high critical oxygen index and is excellent in safety, and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the example has excellent cycling characteristics and excellent performance. Low It can be seen that it has temperature characteristics.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/599,150 US20070183954A1 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2005-03-02 | Additive for non-aqueous electrolyte in battery, non-aqueous electrolyte for battery and non-aqueos electrolyte battery |
EP05719788A EP1748511A4 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2005-03-02 | ADDITIVE FOR A WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTE OF A BATTERY, WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTIC FOR A BATTERY AND BATTERY LOADED WITH A WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTE |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004084881A JP4558362B2 (ja) | 2004-03-23 | 2004-03-23 | 1次電池の非水電解液用添加剤、1次電池用非水電解液及び非水電解液1次電池 |
JP2004-084041 | 2004-03-23 | ||
JP2004084041A JP4731125B2 (ja) | 2004-03-23 | 2004-03-23 | 2次電池の非水電解液用添加剤、2次電池用非水電解液及び非水電解液2次電池 |
JP2004-084881 | 2004-03-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005091421A1 true WO2005091421A1 (ja) | 2005-09-29 |
Family
ID=34994005
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/003473 WO2005091421A1 (ja) | 2004-03-23 | 2005-03-02 | 電池の非水電解液用添加剤、電池用非水電解液及び非水電解液電池 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070183954A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1748511A4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005091421A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5314885B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-13 | 2013-10-16 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液二次電源 |
JP6088934B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-29 | 2017-03-01 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 非水電解液および非水二次電池 |
WO2016160703A1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-06 | Harrup Mason K | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
US10707531B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
CN112713302B (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-08-19 | 蜂巢能源科技(无锡)有限公司 | 一种阻燃聚合物凝胶电解质组合物、凝胶电解质及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0574467A (ja) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-26 | Showa Denko Kk | 高分子固体電解質 |
JP2003077532A (ja) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-14 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2005116306A (ja) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-04-28 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2005116424A (ja) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-28 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1253662B1 (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2009-11-04 | Bridgestone Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell and, deterioration-preventing agent for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell and additive for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell for use therein |
CA2422106C (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2010-02-09 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additive for non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary cell and non-aqueous liquid electrolyte electric double layer capacitor |
US20050123836A1 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2005-06-09 | Bridgestone Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte primary cell and additive for non-aqueous electrolyte of the cell |
AU2003292758A1 (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-22 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additive for nonaqueous electrolytic solution of electric double layer capacitor and nonaqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor |
US7695862B2 (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2010-04-13 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additive for non-aqueous electrolyte solution of secondary battery and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
-
2005
- 2005-03-02 US US10/599,150 patent/US20070183954A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-02 WO PCT/JP2005/003473 patent/WO2005091421A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-03-02 EP EP05719788A patent/EP1748511A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0574467A (ja) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-26 | Showa Denko Kk | 高分子固体電解質 |
JP2003077532A (ja) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-14 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2005116306A (ja) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-04-28 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2005116424A (ja) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-28 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1748511A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070183954A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
EP1748511A1 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
EP1748511A4 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
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