WO2005085581A1 - Foret d'expansion - Google Patents

Foret d'expansion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005085581A1
WO2005085581A1 PCT/CN2004/000637 CN2004000637W WO2005085581A1 WO 2005085581 A1 WO2005085581 A1 WO 2005085581A1 CN 2004000637 W CN2004000637 W CN 2004000637W WO 2005085581 A1 WO2005085581 A1 WO 2005085581A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drill
hole
guide
main
center
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2004/000637
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Leechin Ng
Original Assignee
Leechin Ng
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leechin Ng filed Critical Leechin Ng
Publication of WO2005085581A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005085581A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/325—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools the cutter being shifted by a spring mechanism
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/62—Drill bits characterised by parts, e.g. cutting elements, which are detachable or adjustable
    • E21B10/627—Drill bits characterised by parts, e.g. cutting elements, which are detachable or adjustable with plural detachable cutting elements
    • E21B10/633—Drill bits characterised by parts, e.g. cutting elements, which are detachable or adjustable with plural detachable cutting elements independently detachable

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a stratum drill bit for gravel and rock.
  • an iron pipe is sometimes installed outside the drill bit to prevent the mud on the side wall of the borehole from collapsing.
  • the iron pipe is driven by the drill bit to go deep into the formation together.
  • the drill bit with the iron pipe usually uses a drill with a reaming function, that is, it has the function of expanding the hole drilled by the main drill bit.
  • the drill bit can be pulled out of the iron pipe.
  • the existing reaming drill bit has the following forms: 1
  • the eccentric reaming method uses the eccentric shaft principle to move outward to obtain the reaming effect, but the larger the circumference, the greater the eccentric force.
  • the reaming method of a drill with a drill sleeve is a method of reaming by using a drill and a sleeve drill to achieve the installation of an iron pipe. Since the sleeve-type drill is fixedly welded to the iron pipe, its reaming part cannot be retracted to the body. Therefore, it will be difficult to pull out of the formation after the iron pipe has completed the required procedures. If the iron pipe is permanently left under the formation, f The cost of sleeve drills is relatively high, which will cause a lot of waste.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a reaming drill with a simple structure, direct transmission of impact force, small loss, reasonable force, large reaming working surface, convenient operation and long service life.
  • Technical solution adopted by the present invention is to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a reaming drill with a simple structure, direct transmission of impact force, small loss, reasonable force, large reaming working surface, convenient operation and long service life.
  • the utility model is provided with a main drill base body (3) with hard alloy beads (4) on the lower end face, which is characterized in that: ⁇ S is inserted into the center guide bit (5), the center guide bit body is provided with an enlarged diameter portion (10), and the enlarged diameter portion ⁇ then the wall is provided with no less than two axial arc surfaces uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the lobes (10a), the arc angle of the lobes are slidingly connected to the wall surface of the round hole of the main drill base (3), and the guide ⁇ L (13) is provided on the side wall of the main drill base corresponding to each lob,
  • a reaming drill block (2) with a return spring is embedded in each guide hole in a cooperative manner.
  • the inner end of the reaming drill block is in contact with the enlarged diameter part (10) of the center guide bit.
  • the center guide bit is also provided with linkage.
  • Part (11) there are not less than two axial convex edges (lla) uniformly circumferentially arranged on the side wall of the linkage part, and the convex edges (11a) are respectively located on the circular hole wall of the main drill base body (3) sleeved on the outside Between the corresponding raised ribs (14), the main drill base body and the center guide bit connected with its dynamic fit are provided with axial air holes (8) communicating vertically, and the air holes and the recessed air grooves on the lower end face of the bit ( 6a) and an axial wind groove (6b) extending to the outer side wall of the main drill base.
  • the working principle of the present utility model Referring to FIG. 4, when the main drill base body (3) rotates in the forward direction, the convex edge (14) on the inner hole wall surface pushes the convex edge (11a) of the center guide bit joint, and rotates. At the time, the convex corners (10a) of the enlarged diameter of the center guide bit are respectively aligned with the guide holes (13) provided on the main drill base, and the reamer drill blocks (2) in the corresponding holes are pushed out radially to form a radius larger than that of the main drill. The enlarged diameter working surface of the base body expands the bore of the main drill base.
  • the convex angle (10a) of the center guide bit's enlarged area is respectively related to the guide hole ( 13) Staggered position, reaming drill block (2) in reset bomb (9) Radial shrinkage and return to position, the diameter of the drill bit is reduced, and it can be detached from the through-foot position of the iron pipe. Withdraw the drill bit to end the procedure, or continue downward without the iron tube system of the drill bit. Digging into rock formations.
  • the impact force can be directly transmitted axially from the top of the drill bit to the working end face at the bottom, the force transmission loss is small, and the efficiency is high; the reaming drill block (2) for diameter expansion need only be connected with the guide hole (13 ) A single radial movement between them can realize the reaming function, the parts wear less, and the service life is long; moreover, the force of each part is reasonable, the reaming work surface is large, and it can be reversed without a drill after completing a tunneling In the case of an iron pipe system, continue to dig down.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a disassembled state of a part in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an arrow A view of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the retracted drill block 2 of FIG. 4 in a retracted state
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a disassembled state of parts in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure ⁇ is a schematic diagram of the expanded state of the second embodiment of the reamer drill block 2 in the utility model
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a retracted drill block 2 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the center guide bit 5 is slidably inserted into the center hole of the main drill base body from the lower end surface of the drill base body 3.
  • the upper side wall of the center guide bit body is provided with a circumferential annular groove 16 and the side wall of the main drill base body 3 is symmetrical.
  • the positioning pin hole 15 passes through the horizontal positioning pin 1, respectively.
  • the positioning pin passes through the center hole of the main drill base and is dynamically and cooperatively embedded in the groove 16 of the center guide bit side wall, so that the center guide bit is positioned axially. It does not affect its rotation.
  • the lower end face of the center guide bit 5 is provided with cemented carbide beads 4 and rises downward from the ring-shaped working surface of the main drill base 3 with cemented carbide beads, so that for the entire working lower end face of the drill bit, the center is convex downward.
  • the center guide drill can play the role of center guide positioning.
  • the cross section of the enlarged diameter portion is a regular triangle with an arc angle.
  • the three arc angles are slidingly connected to the inner wall of the center hole of the main drill base.
  • On the side wall of the drill base body three guide holes 13 with a square cross-section communicating with the inner hole are uniformly opened in the circumferential direction.
  • the reaming drill block 2 is slidably fitted into the guide hole, and a radially recessed spring guide is provided on the wall surface of the drill block.
  • the slot 2a passes through the pin slot 12 of the main drill base body through the guide slot 2a of the reaming drill block in a sliding fit.
  • the spring 9 is radially embedded in the guide slot, and its outer end is fixedly connected to the pin rod 12.
  • the above-mentioned spring guide groove 2a is provided on the horizontal wall surface of the reaming drill block, and the pin rod 12 is inserted into the base body from the step surface of the upper part of the main drill base body, and slides through the guide groove 2a of the reaming drill block and the outer end of the spring.
  • a collar is provided with a reaming working surface with hard alloy beads at the lower part of the outer end of the reaming drill block.
  • the installation method of the reaming drill block is: first put the spring into the guide of the drill block To the groove, insert the drill block into the guide hole of the main drill base, and then insert the pin rod 12 into the main drill base and pass it through the guide groove of the reaming drill block and the collar at the outer end of the return spring, and the installation is completed.
  • the lower part of the center-guided drill's enlarged diameter part is the linkage part 11, and the outer wall of the linkage part is provided with three convex edges lla which are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction.
  • the inner wall of the center hole of the base body is provided with three convex ribs 14 which are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction.
  • the ribs 11a of the center guide bit joint are located between corresponding adjacent ribs 14 on the inner wall of the central hole of the main drill body.
  • the above-mentioned reverse idling process of the main drill base body is also the process of changing the relative position between the center guide drill lobes 10a and the reamer drill block 2, thereby forming the radial expansion and contraction of the reamer drill block.
  • the air hole 8 is located on the central axis of the main drill base and the center pilot drill, and the lower part of the main drill drills into the center guide drill body and is diagonally downwardly divided into three branch passages, which are respectively mouthed in the three concave radial directions of the lower end face of the center guide bit.
  • the air groove 6a of the lower end face of the center guide bit communicates with the air groove 6b extending from the lower end face of the main drill base body to the upper end of the outer side wall.
  • a side air hole 17 communicating with the outer wall is opened, and a side air hole 18 is opened between the radially inner end face and the outer end face of the reaming drill block 2.
  • the structure of the center guide drill 5 is an asymmetric center weight structure.
  • the scheme using the center weight asymmetric structure in this example is:
  • the air hole 8 leads from the lower part to the inside of the center guide bit body 5 and divides into several branch roads.
  • the diameters of the shunt air holes 8a are not the same.
  • the depth of the air groove 6a on the end of the center guide bit of the shunt air hole with a larger hole is greater than that of other air grooves, thereby forming a center of weight asymmetry.
  • Its function is: When the center of gravity is symmetrical, when the main drill base stops, the center guide bit will also stop rotating.
  • the reaming drill bit includes a main drill base 3 and a center guide bit 5, and the main drill base 3 is opened. There are inner holes. As shown in Embodiment 1, when installing, the center guide drill 5 is inserted into the inner hole of the main drill base 3, and the two positioning pin rods 1 are inserted from the side wall of the main drill base 3 to position the center guide drill axially.
  • the lower end face of the center guide bit 5 is provided with cemented carbide beads 4 and rises downward from the ring-shaped working surface of the main drill base 3 with cemented carbide beads, so that for the entire working lower end face of the drill bit, the center is convex downward.
  • the center guide drill can play the role of center guide positioning.
  • the enlarged diameter portion 10 has a substantially square cross section, and the four sides are slightly recessed inward, so that the four corners are outward. protruding.
  • On the side wall of the main drill body four guide holes 13 with a square cross-section communicating with the inner hole are uniformly opened in the circumferential direction.
  • the reaming drill block 2 is slidably fitted into the guide hole 13, and a radial surface is provided on the wall of the drill block.
  • the spring guide groove 2 a passes through the pin groove 12 of the main drill base slidingly through the guide groove 2 a of the reaming drill block.
  • the spring 9 is radially embedded in the guide groove, and the outer end of the spring 9 is fixedly connected to the pin shaft 12.
  • the spring 9 is compressed and the outer end of the reamer drill block protrudes.
  • the side surface of the base body of the main drill enlarges the outer diameter of the drill head.
  • the installation method of the reaming drill block is: first insert the spring into the guide groove of the drill block, insert the drill block into the guide hole of the main drill base, and then insert the pin rod 12 into the main drill base and pass it through the reaming drill block
  • the guide groove and the collar at the outer end of the return spring are installed.
  • the lower part of the center-guided drill's enlarged diameter part is the linkage part 11.
  • the outer wall of the linkage part is provided with four convex ribs 11a evenly distributed on the circumference.
  • the outer end arc surface of the convex rib is slidably connected with the center hole wall of the main drill base.
  • the inner wall of the hole is provided with four convex ribs 14 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the convex ribs 11a of the center guiding drill bits are respectively located between the corresponding adjacent convex ribs 14 on the inner wall of the central hole of the main drill body.
  • the main drill base When the main drill base rotates in the reverse direction, the main drill base first idles back an angle, and when the inner hole is convex When the edge 14 touches another convex edge 11a of the center guide drill, it can drive the center guide drill 5 to rotate in the reverse direction.
  • the aforementioned reverse idling process of the main drill base body is also the process of changing the relative position between the center guide drill lobes 10a and the reamer drill block 2, thereby forming the radial expansion and contraction of the reamer drill block.
  • the air hole 8 is located on the central axis of the main drill base and the center main drill.
  • the lower part of the main hole guides into the center guide drill body and is divided diagonally downward into four branch passages.
  • the four open channels are respectively opened on the lower end face of the center guide bit.
  • the wind groove 6a of the lower end surface of the center guide bit communicates with the wind groove 6b extending from the lower end surface of the main drill base body to the upper end of the outer side wall.

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Description

扩孔钻头
本发明所属的技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种沙砾、 岩石的地层钻头。
在本发明之前的现有技术
在进行地层钻孔时， 由于地质条件的要求， 有时要在钻头外设置铁管， 以防 止钻孔侧壁的泥砾坍塌。 通常铁管要在钻头的带动下一起向地层深处行通， 所带 铁管的钻头通常要采用具有扩孔功能的钻头， 也就是说具有主钻头钻出的孔进行 扩张的功能， 为了使钻头能从铁管里抽出， 现有的扩孔钻头有如下几种形式： ①、 偏心扩孔法， 利用偏心轴原理向外移动而得到扩孔效果， 但由于其圆周越大偏心 力也越大， 影响了轴心线导向， 所以对口径大于 323mm者基本在市场上已没人使 用； ②、 钻头连钻头套扩孔法， 是利用钻头外加套型钻头而达到安装铁管的扩孔 法， 由于套型钻头是固定焊接在铁管上， 其扩孔部分不能缩回本体， 所以当铁管 完成所需工序后， 抽离地层时将很困难， 如果铁管永久留在地层下， 由 f套型钻 头造价较高， 会造成很大浪费； ③、 二个或三个板型钻头扩孔法是利用板型钻头 磨擦地面， 其特殊轴心位置令对等的二个或三个板型钻头向外移动而得 glj扩孔效 果， 但因轴心关系， 其板型钻头扩孔的工作表面面积是同类型产品的最 d、者， 因 此钻头磨损非常快， 而钻进速度却很慢； ④、 曲型件钻头利用法是利用主动转动、 导向钻头与地面接触， 其不足之处是冲击力损失大， 脱离铁管时有困难； ⑤、 方 型钻头扩孔法是利用方型件钻头倾斜向上移动达到扩孔效果， 其不足之处是用于 穿越松软沙砾、 泥层时使用不便。
发明目的
本实用新型的目的是要弥补现有技术的不足， 提供一种结构简单， 沖击力传 递直接、 损耗小， 受力合理， 扩孔工作面大， 操作方便、 使用寿命长的扩孔钻头。 本发明采用的技术方案
解决上述问题的技术方案是 (参见实例图）:本实用新型设有下端面带硬质合 金珠 （4) 的主钻基体（3 )， 其特征在于： 主钻基体下端面中心孔设有动酉 S合插入 的中心导向钻头 （5)， 中心导向钻头体上设有扩径部位 （10)， 扩径部位{则壁上设 有圆周向均匀分布的不少于两个的轴向弧面凸角 （10a)， 凸角的弧角与主钻基体 (3 ) 圆孔壁面滑动配合连接， 各凸角所对应的主钻基体侧壁上设有导向孑 L ( 13 )， 每个导向孔内动配合地嵌人有带复位弹簧的扩孔钻块 （2)， 扩孔钻块里端与中心 导向钻头扩径部位 （10)接触连接， 中心导向钻头上还设有联动部位（11 )， 联动 部位侧壁上圆周向均匀设有不少于二条的轴向凸棱 （lla)， 凸棱 （11a) 分别位于 套在其外的主钻基体（3 ) 圆孔壁上对应拉开的凸棱（14)之间， 主钻基体及与其 动配合连接的中心导向钻头体内设有上下连通的轴向风孔 （8 )， 风孔与钻头下端 面的凹进风槽（6a)及延伸至主钻基外侧壁上的轴向风槽 （6b)连通。
本实用新型的工作原理： 参见图 4， 当主钻基体（3 )正向旋转时， 其内孔壁 面上的凸棱 （14)推动中心导向钻头联动部位的凸棱（11a) —起转动， 此时中心 导向钻头扩径部位的凸角 （10a) 分别对准主钻基体上设置的导向孔 （13 )， 将对 应孔内的扩孔钻块（2)径向顶出， 形成半径大于主钻基体半径的扩径工作面， 对 主钻基体的钻孔进行扩孔， 钻孔过程中， 通过主钻基体内的轴向风孔（8) 向钻头 下部送高压风， 并顺下端面和侧壁的风槽（6a、 6b) 流出； 使钻出的泥砾等向上 排出； 参见图 5， 当主钻基体反向旋转时， 其内孔壁上的凸棱（14)反向转动一角 度卡到中心导向钻头上相邻的另一凸棱（11a)部位， 带动中心导向钻头反向旋转， 此时， 中心导向钻头扩径部位的凸角 （10a) 分别与主钻基体上的导向孔 （13 ) 错 开位置， 扩孔钻块（2)在复位弹簧 （9) 的作用下径向缩回复位， 钻头直径缩小， 即可从铁管的通脚位置上脱离， 抽出钻头结束本程序， 或反向在没有钻头套铁管 系统的情况下继续向下掘进岩层。
本实用新型在工作中，冲击力可从钻头顶部直接轴向传递到底部的工作端面， 力传递损耗小， 效率高； 用于扩径的扩孔钻块（2) 只须与导向孔 （13 ) 之间作单 一的径向运动即可实现扩孔功能， 部件磨损小， 使用寿命长； 而且各部位受力均 勾合理， 扩孔工作面大， 并可在完成一次掘进后反向在没有钻头套铁管系统的情 况下继续向下掘层。
附图说明
图 1是本实用新型实施例 1剖面结构示意图；
图 2是本实用新型实施例 1零件分解状态示意图；
图 3是图 1的 A向视图；
图 4是图 1的 B-B向剖面结构示意图；
图 5是图 4扩孔钻块 2缩回状态结构示意图； 图 6是本实用新型实施例 2零件分解状态示意图；
图 Ί是本实用新型实施例 2扩孔钻块 2扩张状态结构示意图；
图 8是本实用新型实施例 2扩孔钻块 2縮回状态结构示意图。
1-定位销 2-扩孔钻块 2a-弹簧导向槽 3-主钻基体 4-硬质合金珠 5-中 心导向钻头 6a、 6b-风槽 8-风孔 9-弹簧 10-扩径部位 10a-凸角 11-联动体
11a-凸棱 12-销杆 13-导向孔 14-凸棱 15-定位销孔 16-凹槽 17-侧风孔
18-侧风孔
实施例 1
本例中心导向钻头 5从钻基体 3下端面滑动配合地插入主钻基体的中心孔内， 中心导向钻头体侧壁上部设有圆周向的环形凹槽 16， 主钻基体 3侧壁两对称的定 位销孔 15内分别穿过横向的定位销 1、 定位销穿过主钻基体中心孔内的部位动配 合地嵌在中心导向钻头侧壁的凹槽 16内， 使中心导向钻头轴向定位， 且不影响其 旋转； 安装时， 先插入中心导向钻， 再将两定位销杆 1 从主钻基体侧壁插入， 即 可将中心导向钻轴向定位。
中心导向钻头 5下端面设有硬质合金珠 4， 并向下高出主钻基体 3带硬质合 金珠的环形工作面， 从而对钻头的整个工作下端面来说， 中心向下凸起的中心导 向钻可起到中心导向定位的作用。
中心导向钻头 5侧壁的凹槽 16下方是扩径部位 10， 本例扩径部位的横截面 呈圆弧角的正三角形， 三个圆弧角与主钻基体中心孔内壁滑动配合连接， 主钻基 体侧壁上圆周向均匀开有三个与内孔连通的横截面呈方形的导向孔 13， 扩孔钻块 2 滑动配合地嵌入导向孔， 钻块壁面上设有径向凹进的弹簧导向槽 2a， 穿过主钻 基体的销杆 12滑动配合地穿过扩孔钻块的导向槽 2a， 弹簧 9径向嵌在导向槽内， 其外端与销杆 12固定连接。 上述弹簧导向槽 2a是设置在扩孔钻块的水平向壁面 上， 销杆 12从主钻基体上部的台阶面插入基体， 并滑动配合地穿过扩孔钻块的导 向槽 2a和弹簧外端的套环， 扩孔钻块外端下部设有带硬质合金珠的扩孔工作面。 当中心导向钻头扩径部位的凸角向外顶出扩孔钻块 2时， 因为销杆 12与主钻基体 是径向相对固定的， 所以弹簧 9被压缩， 扩孔钻块外端伸出主钻基体侧壁面， 扩 大了外头钻径； 当中心导向钻上的凸角 11a转动与扩孔钻块 2错开位置时，扩孔钻 块在复位弹簧 9 的作用下缩回。 扩孔钻块的安装方法是： 先将弹簧放入钻块的导 向槽， 把钻块插入主钻基体的导向孔， 再将销杆 12插入主钻基体， 并使其穿过扩 孔钻块的导向槽及复位弹簧外端的套环， 即安装完毕。
中心导向钻头扩径部位下部是联动部位 11， 联动部位的外壁设有圆周向拉开 距离均匀分布的三条凸棱 lla， 凸棱外端弧面与主钻基体中心孔壁滑动配合连接， 主钻基体中心孔内壁设有圆周向拉开距离均匀分布的三条凸棱 14， 中心导向钻头 联动部位的凸棱 11a分别位于主钻基体中心孔内壁上对应的相邻凸棱 14之间。 当 主钻基体正向旋转时， 其中心孔内的凸棱 14即推动中心导向钻联动部位凸棱 11a 一起转动， 反向旋转时， 主钻基体先反向空转一角度， 当其内孔凸棱 14触到中心 导向钻的另一凸棱 11a时，又可带动中心导向钻 5反向旋转。上述主钻基体的反向 空转过程， 也正是改变中心导向钻凸角 10a与扩孔钻块 2之间相对位置的过程， 从而形成扩孔钻块的径向伸缩。
风孔 8位于主钻基体与中心主导向钻的中心轴线上， 其下部通到中心导向钻 体内的部位向斜下方分成三个岔路通道分别幵口于中心导向钻头下端面三条凹下 的径向风槽 6a内，中心导向钻头下端面的风槽 6a与主钻基体下端面上的延伸到外 侧壁上端的风槽 6b连通。
在中心导向钻头 5轴向风孔侧壁开有与外侧壁连通的侧风孔 17， 扩孔钻块 2 径向里端面与外端面之间开有侧风孔 18。 这样在钻孔过程中， 高压风的一部分可 向侧部吹出， 起到防止泥砂进入主钻基体的作用。
. 中心导向钻 5的结构为中心重量不对称的结构， 本例采用中心重量不对称结 构的方案是： 风孔 8从下部通到中心导向钻头体 5内部向下端面分幵几个岔路， 几个分路风孔 8a孔径不相同， 孔径较大分路风孔所开口的中心导向钻头端面上的 风槽 6a深度也较其它风槽大， 从而形成重量上的中心不对称， 其作用是： 在重量 中心对称的状况下， 当主钻基体停转时， 中心导向钻头也会随之停止转动， 这样 就需要中心导向钻头下方必须触地， 再将主钻基体反转， 使二者作圆周向移位， 才能使扩孔钻块缩回； 而采用中心重量不对称结构后， 当主钻基体停转时， 中心 导向钻头不必触地， 其本身即可在中心重量不对称而形成的离心贯力作用下继续 相对主钻基体转动一角度， 使扩使钻块自动缩回， 大大便利了实际操作。
实施例 2
如图 6~8所示， 扩孔钻头包括主钻基体 3和中心导向钻头 5， 主钻基体 3开 有内孔。 如实施例 1所示， 安装时， 把中心导向钻 5插入主钻基体 3内孔中， 再 将两定位销杆 1从主钻基体 3侧壁插入， 即可将中心导向钻轴向定位。
中心导向钻头 5下端面设有硬质合金珠 4， 并向下高出主钻基体 3带硬质合 金珠的环形工作面， 从而对钻头的整个工作下端面来说， 中心向下凸起的中心导 向钻可起到中心导向定位的作用。
中心导向钻头 5侧壁的凹槽 16下方是扩径部位 10， 如图 7、 图 8所示， 本例 扩径部位 10的横截面呈大致正方形， 四边微向内凹进， 使四角向外突出。 主钻基 体侧壁上圆周向均匀开有四个与内孔连通的横截面呈方形的导向孔 13， 扩孔钻块 2滑动配合地嵌入导向孔 13中， 钻块壁面上设有径向的弹簧导向槽 2a， 穿过主钻 基体的销杆 12滑动配合地穿过扩孔钻块的导向槽 2a， 弹簧 9径向嵌在导向槽内， 其外端与销杆 12固定连接。 当中心导向钻头扩径部位的凸角向外顶出扩孔钻块 2 时， 因为销杆 12与主钻基体是径向相对固定的， 所以弹簧 9被压缩， 扩孔钻块外 端伸出主钻基体侧壁面，扩大了外头钻径； 当中心导向钻上的凸角 11a转动与扩孔 钻块 2错开位置时， 扩孔钻块在复位弹簧 9的作用下缩回。 扩孔钻块的安装方法 是： 先将弹簧放入钻块的导向槽， 把钻块插入主钻基体的导向孔， 再将销杆 12插 入主钻基体， 并使其穿过扩孔钻块的导向槽及复位弹簧外端的套环， 即安装完毕。
中心导向钻头扩径部位下部是联动部位 11， 联动部位的外壁设有在圆周上均 匀分布的四条凸棱 lla， 凸棱外端弧面与主钻基体中心孔壁滑动配合连接， 主钻基 体中心孔内壁设有圆周向均布的四条凸棱 14， 中心导向钻头联动部位的凸棱 11a 分别位于主钻基体中心孔内壁上对应的相邻凸棱 14之间。当主钻基体正向旋转时， 其中心孔内的凸棱 14即推动中心导向钻联动部位凸棱 11a—起转动，反向旋转时， 主钻基体先反向空转一角度，当其内孔凸棱 14触到中心导向钻的另一凸棱 11a时， 又可带动中心导向钻 5 反向旋转。 上述主钻基体的反向空转过程， 也正是改变中 心导向钻凸角 10a与扩孔钻块 2之间相对位置的过程， 从而形成扩孔钻块的径向 伸缩。
风孔 8位于主钻基体与中心主导向钻的中心轴线上， 其下部通到中心导向钻 体内的部位向斜下方分成四个岔路通道分别开口于中心导向钻头下端面四条凹下 的径向风槽 6a内，中心导向钻头下端面的风槽 6a与主钻基体下端面上的延伸到外 侧壁上端的风槽 6b连通。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 扩孔钻头， 设有下端面带硬质合金珠（4) 的主钻基体（3 )， 其特征在于： 主钻基体下端面中心孔设有动配合插入的中心导向钻头 （5 )， 中心导向钻头体上 设有扩径部位 （10)， 扩径部位侧壁上设有圆周向均匀分布的不少于两个的轴向弧 面凸角 （10a)， 凸角的弧面与主钻基体 （3 ) 圆孔壁面滑动配合连接， 各凸角所对 应的主钻基体侧壁上设有导向孔 （13 )， 每个导向孔内动配合地嵌有带复位弹簧的 扩孔钻块 （2)， 扩孔钻块里端与中心导向钻头扩径部位 （10 ) 接触连接， 中心导 向钻头上还设有联动部位 （11 ), 联动部位侧壁上圆周向均勾设有不少于两条的轴 向凸棱（lla)， 凸棱 （11a)分别位于套在其外的主钻基体（3 ) 圆孔壁上对应拉开 距离的凸棱 （14) 之间， 主钻基本及与其动配合连接的中心导向钻头体内设有上 下连通的轴向风孔 （8 )， 风孔与钻头下端面的凹进风槽 （6a) 及延伸至主钻基体 外侧壁上的轴向风槽 （6b) 连通。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的扩孔钻头， 其特征在于： 所述的中心导向钻头（5 ) 下端面设有硬质合金珠（4)， 并向下高出主钻基（3 )带硬质合金珠的环形工作面。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的扩孔钻头， 其特征在于： 所述的中心导向钻头
(5 ) 轴向风孔侧壁开有与外侧壁连通的侧风孔 （17)， 扩孔钻块 （2) 径向里端面 与外端面之间开有侧风孔 （18)。
4、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的扩孔钻头，其特征在于：所述的中心导向钻（5 ) 的结构为中心重量不对称的结构： 风孔 （8 ) 从下部通到中心导向钻头体 （5 ) 内 部位向下端面分开几个岔路， 几个分路风孔 （8a) 孔径不相同， 孔径较大分路风 孔所开口的中心导向钻头端面上的风槽 （6a) 深度较其它风槽大。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的扩孔钻头， 其特征在于： 所述中心导向钻 （5 ) 的 结构为中心重量不对称的结构： 风孔 （8 ) 从下部通到中心导向钻头体 （5 ) 内部 位向下端面分幵几个岔路， 几个分路风孔 （8a) 孔径不相同， 孔径较大分路风孔 所开口的中心导向钻头端面上的风槽 （6a) 深度较其它风槽大。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的扩孔钻头， 其特征在于： 所述主钻基体 （3 ) 侧壁上圆周向均匀开有与内孔连通的横截面呈方形的导向孔 （13 )， 扩孔钻块 （2) 滑动配合地嵌入导向孔， 穿过主钻基体的销杆 （12) 滑动配合地穿过扩孔钻块的 导向槽 （2a)， 弹簧 （9) 径向嵌在导向槽内， 其外端与销杆 （12) 固定连接。
7、 根据权利要求 3所述的扩孔钻头， 其特征在于： 所述主钻基体 （3 ) 侧壁 上圆周向均匀开有与内孔连通的横截面呈方形的导向孔 （13 )， 扩孔钻块 （2) 滑 动配合地嵌入导向孔， 穿过主钻基体的销杆 （12) 滑动地穿过扩孔钻块的导向槽 (2a), 弹簧 （9) 径向嵌在导向槽内， 其外端与销杆 （12) 固定连接。
8、 根据权利要求 4所述的扩孔钻头， 其特征在于： 所述主钻基体 （3 ) 侧壁 上圆周向均匀开有与内孔连通的橫截面呈方形的导向孔 （13 )， 扩孔钻块 （2) 滑 动配合地嵌入导向孔， 穿过主钻基体的销杆 （12) 滑动地穿过扩孔钻块的导向槽 (2a), 弹簧 （9) 径向嵌在导向槽内， 其外端与销杆 （12) 固定连接。
9、 根据权利要求 5所述的扩孔钻头， 其特征在于： 所述主钻基体 （3 ) 侧壁 上圆周向均匀开有与内孔连通的横截面呈方形的导向孔 （13 )， 扩孔钻块 （2) 滑 动配合地嵌入导向孔， 穿过主钻基体的销杆 （12) 滑动地穿过扩孔钻块的导向槽 (2a), 弹簧 （9) 径向嵌在导向槽内， 其外端与销杆 （12) 固定连接。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的扩孔钻头， 其特征在于： 所述中心导向钻头 体 （5 ) 侧壁上部设有圆周向环形凹槽 （16)， 主钻基体 （3 ) 侧壁两对称的定位销 孔 （15 ) 内分别穿过横向的定位销 （1 )， 定位销穿过主钻基体中心孔内的部位动 配合地嵌在中心导向钻头侧壁的凹槽 （16) 内。
11、根据权利要求 1所述的扩孔钻头， 其特征在于： 所述轴向弧面凸角 （10a) 及轴向凸棱 （11a) 各有三个， 各于圆周方向上均布。
12、根据权利要求 1所述的扩孔钻头， 其特征在于： 所述轴向弧面凸角 （10a) 及轴向凸棱 （11a) 各有四个， 各于圆周方向上均布。
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