WO2019228025A1 - 注液式扩孔钻头 - Google Patents

注液式扩孔钻头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019228025A1
WO2019228025A1 PCT/CN2019/078022 CN2019078022W WO2019228025A1 WO 2019228025 A1 WO2019228025 A1 WO 2019228025A1 CN 2019078022 W CN2019078022 W CN 2019078022W WO 2019228025 A1 WO2019228025 A1 WO 2019228025A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reaming
drilling
tool
rod
drilling tool
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/078022
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
南华
南德熠
苏发强
王兵建
Original Assignee
河南理工大学
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Application filed by 河南理工大学 filed Critical 河南理工大学
Priority to AU2019276221A priority Critical patent/AU2019276221B2/en
Publication of WO2019228025A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019228025A1/zh
Priority to US16/985,214 priority patent/US10914122B2/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/322—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools cutter shifted by fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/325—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools the cutter being shifted by a spring mechanism
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D2277/08—Adjustment mechanisms
    • B23D2277/085—Adjustment mechanisms comprising hydraulics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D2277/24—Materials of the tool or the intended workpiece, methods of applying these materials
    • B23D2277/2442—Diamond

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of roadway support, and particularly relates to a liquid injection type reamer bit.
  • Anchor rods are used in the support of underground roadways with the characteristics of simple structure, convenient construction and strong adaptability. Therefore, in recent years, anchor support has become the main way of roadway support.
  • the failure form of anchor is mainly the support process and the coal adhered to the hole wall during the anchoring process.
  • the slip between the anchor and the hole wall is unstable.
  • reaming the hole bottom of the anchor hole is one of the solutions to the problem of instability of the sliding of the anchor rod, so that the anchor rod can be firmly anchored to the hole wall of the anchor hole by the injected anchor agent, but there is currently no Device for reaming the anchor bottom while drilling.
  • the present invention provides a liquid-injection reaming drill bit, which uses a change in hydraulic power and the characteristics of the reaming machinery to complete the reaming operation of the anchor rod.
  • the expanded hole is a cone. The hole changes the weak state of the anchor rod in the general cylindrical hole, increases the anchoring force of the anchor rod, effectively solves the problem of the sliding instability of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock, and is of great significance to the safety operation in the underground.
  • a liquid-filled reamer bit which includes a reamer rod, a drilling tool, and a reamer tool; the center line of the reamer rod is set in the front-rear direction; and the reamer rod is drilled
  • the front end is coaxially provided with a high-pressure water cavity with an open front end and a cylindrical shape.
  • a water injection hole is provided along the center line in the drilling and reaming rod. The front end of the water injection hole communicates with the high pressure water cavity.
  • the rear end of the drilling tool is slidably connected.
  • a plurality of reaming tools are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the front surface of the drilling and reaming rod, and the inner side of the front of the reaming tool is press-fitted with the conical surface of the reaming tool.
  • the shape of the drilling tool is a conical structure with a thick front and a fine rear.
  • the front face of the drilling tool is evenly provided with a number of first diamond bits.
  • the inside of the drilling tool is provided with a water hole in the vertical direction and the rear of the drilling tool is set.
  • There is a sliding seat slidingly connected to the inner wall of the high-pressure water cavity.
  • the inner wall of the high-pressure water cavity is provided with a spline groove in the axial direction.
  • the outer circumference of the sliding seat is evenly provided with a spline that cooperates with the spline groove.
  • the front part of the inner wall of the high-pressure water cavity is fixed.
  • There is an annular retaining ring that defines the position of the slide.
  • a plurality of second diamond heads are evenly arranged on the inner side of the reaming tool.
  • the front end of each reaming tool is hinged to the front end of the reaming rod through a pin, and the pin is parallel to the tangential direction of the reaming rod.
  • the inner side of the rear end of the tool is provided with a bump between the reaming tool and the drilling tool.
  • a diamond wear layer is provided on the inner side of the bump.
  • a tensile spring is provided between the rear side of the bump and the annular retaining ring. Under the action of the spring, the pin's hinge point, the diamond wear layer on the inner side of the bump and the conical surface of the drilling tool are press-fitted.
  • the front end of the water injection hole and the rear end of the high-pressure water cavity are in transitional communication through the front and rear small bell mouths.
  • the reaming tool is usually in a contracted state under the action of a tension spring, and the inner side of the front end of the reaming tool is in contact with the outer circumference of the front of the drilling tool.
  • the rear end of the drill reamer rod of the present invention is installed at the front end of the drill rod.
  • High-pressure water enters the water injection hole inside the drill reamer rod through the water hole in the drill rod. After the water passes through the bell mouth, the water pressure It will be reduced to fill the high-pressure water cavity.
  • the diameter of the water hole in the drilling tool is much smaller than the diameter of the high-pressure water cavity, the high-pressure water will push the sliding seat of the drilling tool forward, so that The drilling tool is extended forward, and the slide of the drilling tool does not leave the high-pressure water cavity due to the blocking of the annular retaining ring.
  • the outer circumference of the drilling tool is a conical structure with a thick front and a thin back, under the action of a tension spring, the outer circumferential surface of the drilling tool and the lower portion of the inner end of the bump always maintain a pressing contact with the drilling hole. The tool moves forward, the protrusion rotates backward with the pin as the centerline, and the reaming tool also rotates inward with the pin as the centerline.
  • the diameter of the reaming tool is always smaller than the diameter of the drilling tool.
  • the drilling rig drives the drill rod and the reamer rod to rotate at high speed.
  • the reamer rod rotates the drilling tool through the cooperation of the spline and the spline groove.
  • the first diamond bit at the front of the drilling tool drills the tunnel wall. hole.
  • gradually reduce the water pressure so that the slide of the drilling tool moves backward along the high-pressure water cavity, and the drilling tool also moves backward.
  • the conical surface of the drilling tool will drive the inner side of the lower end of the reaming tool.
  • the set bump rotates forward with the pin as the centerline, the tension spring is further stretched, the reaming tool also rotates outward with the pin as the centerline, and the diameter of the reaming tool gradually increases;
  • the drilling tool will drop to the last part of the high-pressure water cavity.
  • the reaming tool is opened to the maximum and the reaming diameter is also maximized. This will further expand the hole.
  • you need to withdraw the drill pipe you only need to increase the water pressure.
  • the water pressure drives the slide to move forward in the high-pressure water cavity.
  • the drilling tool also moves forward.
  • the outer diameter of the contact between the bump and the outer conical surface of the drilling tool gradually increases. Decreased, under the action of the tension spring, the protrusion rotates backward with the pin as the center line, and the reaming tool also rotates inward with the pin as the center line.
  • the diameter of the reaming tool gradually decreases until After the rotary diameter of the reaming tool is less than or equal to the maximum drilling diameter of the drilling tool, pull the drill rod and the reamer backward to exit the drilling together.
  • the press-fitting of the diamond wear-resistant layer on the inner side of the bump with the outer conical surface of the drilling tool is the key point.
  • the diamond wear-resistant layer can reduce the wear of the bump and ensure that the driving direction of the bump is driven when the drilling tool moves backward. Forward rotation, while the tension spring is further stretched.
  • the inner wall of the high-pressure water cavity in the present invention is provided with a spline groove in the axial direction, and the outer circumference of the slide seat is evenly provided with a spline that cooperates with the spline groove, which not only plays the role of axial sliding fit, but also functions as a drill pipe. Rotation drives the rotation of the drilling tool.
  • the present invention uses a method of adjusting water pressure to perform drilling and reaming operations respectively, and the water flow also has the function of removing coal and rock cuttings from the drilling wall and the reaming rod during the drilling process.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, small size, light weight, flexible and reliable technology, unified sources of power for drilling, expanding and reaming, stable reaming, easy recovery of cutters, and realizing expansion while drilling and greatly improving anchor anchoring. Reliability to ensure the safety of workers in underground operations.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along A-A in Fig. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the reaming tool of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram when the present invention is used for reaming
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of drilling and reaming after the drill pipe and the reamer are withdrawn.
  • the liquid injection reamer bit of the present invention includes a reamer rod 1, a drilling tool 2, and a reamer tool 3.
  • the center line of the reamer rod 1 is set in the front-rear direction.
  • the front end of the reaming rod 1 is coaxially provided with a high-pressure water cavity 4 with an open front end and a cylindrical shape.
  • a drilling hole 5 is provided with a water injection hole 5 along the center line direction. The front end of the water injection hole 5 communicates with the high pressure water cavity 4.
  • the rear end of the drilling tool 2 is slidably connected in the high-pressure water cavity 4, and a number of the reaming tools 3 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the front surface of the drilling and reaming rod 1.
  • the front side of the reaming tool 3 and the reaming hole The conical surface of the cutter 3 is press-fitted.
  • the outer shape of the drilling tool 2 is a conical structure.
  • the front end surface of the drilling tool 2 is evenly provided with a plurality of first diamond cutter heads 6, and the inside of the drilling tool 2 is provided with a water hole 7 in a vertical direction.
  • the rear end of the hole cutter 2 is provided with a slide seat 8 slidingly connected to the inner wall of the high-pressure water chamber 4.
  • the inner wall of the high-pressure water chamber 4 is provided with a spline groove 9 in the axial direction.
  • the outer circumference of the slide seat 8 is evenly provided with a sliding fit with the spline groove 9.
  • the spline 10 and the front part of the inner wall of the high-pressure water chamber 4 are fixedly provided with an annular retaining ring 11 defining a position of the sliding seat 8.
  • a plurality of second diamond cutter heads 12 are evenly arranged on the inner side of the reaming tool 3, and the front end of each reaming tool 3 is hinged to the front end of the reaming rod 1 through a pin 13 which is parallel to the reaming rod In the tangential direction of 1, the inner side of the rear end of the reaming tool 3 is provided with a bump 16 located between the reaming tool 3 and the drilling tool 2. The inner side of the bump 16 is provided with a diamond wear-resistant layer.
  • a tension spring 14 is provided between the retaining rings 11. Under the action of the tension spring 14, the diamond wear layer on the inner side of the projection 16 is press-fitted with the conical surface of the drilling tool 2 by the hinge point of the pin 13.
  • the bell mouth 15 plays a role in reducing the resistance of the water flow and keeping the water pressure uniform on the pressure on the rear side of the slide seat 8. .
  • the reaming tool 3 When the present invention is used at work, as shown in FIG. 4-6, the reaming tool 3 is usually in a contracted state under the action of the tension spring 14, and the inner side of the front end of the reaming tool 3 is in contact with the outer circumference of the front of the drilling tool 2. .
  • the rear end of the drill reamer rod 1 of the present invention is installed at the front end of the drill pipe. High-pressure water enters the water injection hole 5 inside the drill reamer rod 1 through the water hole in the drill rod, and water passes through the bell mouth 15 Later, the water pressure will be reduced, so that the high-pressure water chamber 4 is filled.
  • the high-pressure water will be pushed forward, so that the drilling tool 2 is extended forward, and the sliding seat 8 of the drilling tool 2 cannot be separated from the high-pressure water chamber 4 due to the blocking of the annular retaining ring 11. Because the outer circumference of the drilling tool 2 is a conical structure with a thick front and a thin back, the outer circumferential surface of the drilling tool 2 and the lower end of the inner end of the projection 16 are always in pressure contact by the tension spring 14.
  • the drilling tool 2 moves forward, the projection 16 rotates backward with the pin 13 as the center line, and the reaming tool 3 also rotates inward with the pin 13 as the center line.
  • the The rotation diameter is always smaller than the rotation diameter of the drilling tool 2.
  • the drilling rig drives the drill rod and the reamer 1 to rotate at a high speed.
  • the reamer 1 drives the rotation of the drilling tool 2 through the cooperation of the spline 10 and the spline groove 9.
  • the first diamond bit 6 at the front end of the drilling tool 2 drills the tunnel wall. Driven by the rotation of the drill rod, the drilling tool 2 is rotated to drill holes.
  • the reaming tool 3 Expand to the maximum, and the diameter of the reaming is also the largest, which will further expand the hole.
  • the water pressure drives the slide 8 to move forward in the high-pressure water chamber 4, the drilling tool 2 also moves forward, and the projection 16 contacts the outer conical surface of the drilling tool 2.
  • the outer diameter of the place gradually decreases.
  • the tension spring 14 the protrusion 16 rotates backward with the pin 13 as the center line, and the reaming tool 3 also rotates inward with the pin 13 as the center line.
  • the revolving diameter of the reaming tool 3 gradually decreases until the revolving diameter of the reaming tool 3 is less than or equal to the maximum drilling diameter of the drilling tool 2, then the drill rod and the reamer are pulled backward to exit the drilling together.
  • the inner wall of the high-pressure water chamber 4 is provided with a spline groove 9 in the axial direction, and the outer circumference of the slide seat 8 is evenly provided with a spline 10 that slidingly cooperates with the spline groove 9, so that it not only plays an axial sliding role, but also It can play the role of turning the drill rod to drive the drilling tool 2 to rotate.

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Abstract

注液式扩孔钻头，包括钻扩孔杆（1）、钻孔刀具（2）和扩孔刀具（3），钻扩孔杆（1）的中心线沿前后方向设置，钻扩孔杆（1）前端同轴向开设有前端敞口且呈圆柱形的高压水腔（4），钻扩孔杆（1）内沿中心线方向开设有注水孔（5），注水孔（5）的前端与高压水腔（4）连通，钻孔刀具（2）的后端滑动连接在高压水腔（4）内，扩孔刀具（3）沿钻扩孔杆（1）的前端面的圆周方向均匀设置有若干个，扩孔刀具（3）的前部内侧与扩孔刀具（3）的圆锥表面顶压配合。该扩孔钻头采用调节水压的方式分别进行钻孔和扩孔的作业，具有结构简单，操作方便，体积小，质量轻，技术灵活可靠，钻扩和扩孔动力来源统一，扩孔稳定，刀具易回收，实现边钻边扩的优点，大大提高了锚杆锚固的牢靠性，确保工人在井下作业的安全性。

Description

注液式扩孔钻头 技术领域
本发明属于巷道支护技术领域，具体涉及一种注液式扩孔钻头。
背景技术
锚杆用于井下巷道支护具有结构简单、施工方便、适应性强等特点。由此近年来锚杆支护已经成为巷道支护的主要方式，但是在锚杆支护的工程应用中锚杆的失效形式主要是支护过程以及锚固过程中遇到孔壁上粘附的煤灰或破碎松软的围岩等时锚杆与孔壁之间的滑移失稳。经试验并研究，对锚固孔的孔底进行扩孔是解决锚杆滑移失稳问题的手段之一，这样可使锚杆通过注入的锚固剂与锚固孔孔壁锚固牢靠，但目前尚未有专门对锚固孔在钻孔的同时对孔底进行扩孔的装置。
技术问题
本发明为了解决现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种注液式扩孔钻头，其利用改变液压动力和利用扩孔机械的特性完成锚杆钻孔扩孔操作，扩出的孔为圆锥孔，改变了锚杆在一般圆柱孔内受力较弱的状态，增加了锚杆的锚固力，有效的解决了锚杆与围岩的滑移失稳问题，对井下安全作业有重要意义。
技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：注液式扩孔钻头，包括钻扩孔杆、钻孔刀具和扩孔刀具，钻扩孔杆的中心线沿前后方向设置，钻扩孔杆前端同轴向开设有前端敞口且呈圆柱形的高压水腔，钻扩孔杆内沿中心线方向开设有注水孔，注水孔的前端与高压水腔连通，钻孔刀具的后端滑动连接在高压水腔内，扩孔刀具沿钻扩孔杆的前端面的圆周方向均匀设置有若干个，扩孔刀具的前部内侧与扩孔刀具的圆锥表面顶压配合。
钻孔刀具的外形为前粗后细呈圆锥形结构，钻孔刀具前端面均匀设置有若干个第一金刚石刀头，钻孔刀具内部沿垂直方向设置有通水孔，钻孔刀具后端设置有滑动连接在高压水腔内壁的滑座，高压水腔内壁沿轴向方向设置有花键槽，滑座外圆周均匀设置有与花键槽滑动配合的花键，高压水腔内壁的前部固定设置有限定滑座位置的环形挡圈。
扩孔刀具的内侧面均匀设置有若干个第二金刚石刀头，每个扩孔刀具的前端均通过销轴铰接在钻扩孔杆前端，销轴平行于钻扩孔杆的切线方向，扩孔刀具的后端内侧设置有位于扩孔刀具和钻孔刀具之间的凸块，凸块内侧设置有金刚石耐磨层，凸块后侧与环形挡圈之间设置有拉伸弹簧，在拉伸弹簧的作用下，以销轴的铰接点，凸块内侧的金刚石耐磨层与钻孔刀具的圆锥面顶压配合。
注水孔前端与高压水腔后端之间通过前大后小的喇叭口过渡连通。
有益效果
采用上述技术方案，平时扩孔刀具在拉伸弹簧的作用下处于收缩状态，扩孔刀具的前端内侧与钻孔刀具的前部外圆周接触。工作时，将本发明的钻扩孔杆的后端安装在钻杆前端，高压水通过钻杆内部的水孔进入钻扩孔杆内部的注水孔，水经过所述的喇叭口后，水压会减小，从而充满高压水腔，由于钻孔刀具内的通水孔的直径相对于高压水腔的直径要小得多，所以高压水会将钻孔刀具的滑座向前顶，从而使钻孔刀具向前伸长，又由于环形挡圈的阻挡，使钻孔刀具的滑座不至于脱离高压水腔。由于钻孔刀具的外圆周由于是前粗后细的圆锥体结构，在拉伸弹簧的作用下，钻孔刀具的外圆周面与凸块的内端下部始终保持顶压接触，随着钻孔刀具向前移动，凸块以销轴为中心线向后转动，扩孔刀具也以销轴为中心线向内旋转，在钻孔过程中扩孔刀具的旋转直径始终小于钻孔刀具的旋转直径；与此同时，钻机驱动钻杆和钻扩孔杆高速旋转，钻扩孔杆通过花键与花键槽的配合带动钻孔刀具旋转，钻孔刀具前端的第一金刚石刀头对巷道壁进行钻孔。当钻到一定深度需要扩孔时，逐渐减小水压使钻孔刀具的滑座沿高压水腔向后移动，钻孔刀具也向后移动，钻孔刀具的圆锥面会驱动扩孔刀具下端内侧设置的凸块以销轴为中心线向前转动，拉伸弹簧进一步被拉伸，扩孔刀具也以销轴为中心线向 外旋转，扩孔刀具的旋转直径逐渐增大；
由于在钻孔时工人会主动向前推钻机，所以在水压减小后，钻孔刀具会下降到高压水腔的最后部，这时扩孔刀具张开到最大，扩孔直径也达到最大，这样就将钻孔进一步进行扩孔。需要退出钻杆时，只需要再加大水压，水压驱动滑座在高压水腔内向前移动，钻孔刀具也向前移动，凸块与钻孔刀具外圆锥面接触处的外径逐渐减小，凸块在拉伸弹簧的作用下，凸块以销轴为中心线向后转动，扩孔刀具也以销轴为中心线向内旋转，扩孔刀具的旋转直径逐渐减小，直到扩孔刀具的旋转直径小于等于钻孔刀具的最大钻孔直径后，向后拉动钻杆和扩孔器，一起退出钻孔。
本发明中凸块内侧的金刚石耐磨层与钻孔刀具外圆锥面的顶压配合是关键点，金刚石耐磨层可以减小凸块的磨损，确保钻孔刀具向后移动时驱动凸块向前转动，同时拉伸弹簧进一步被拉伸。
本发明中的高压水腔内壁沿轴向方向设置有花键槽，滑座外圆周均匀设置有与花键槽滑动配合的花键，这样既起到轴向滑动配合的作用，而且可起到钻杆转动带动钻孔刀具转动的作用。
综上所述，本发明采用调节水压的方式分别进行钻孔和扩孔的作业，并且水流还具有将钻孔过程中的煤屑和岩屑从钻孔壁与钻扩孔杆之间的环形间隙排出的作用。本发明具有结构简单，操作方便、体积小、质量轻、技术灵活可靠，钻扩和扩孔动力来源统一，扩孔稳定，刀具易回收，实现边钻边扩的优点，大大提高了锚杆锚固的牢靠性，确保工人在井下作业的安全性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A-A剖视图；
图3是图1中扩孔刀具的侧视图；
图4是采用本发明进行钻孔时的示意图；
图5是采用本发明进行扩孔时的示意图；
图6是钻杆和扩孔器退出后钻扩孔的示意图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
如图1-图3所示，本发明的注液式扩孔钻头，包括钻扩孔杆1、钻孔刀具2和扩孔刀具3，钻扩孔杆1的中心线沿前后方向设置，钻扩孔杆1前端同轴向开设有前端敞口且呈圆柱形的高压水腔4，钻扩孔杆1内沿中心线方向开设有注水孔5，注水孔5的前端与高压水腔4连通，钻孔刀具2的后端滑动连接在高压水腔4内，扩孔刀具3沿钻扩孔杆1的前端面的圆周方向均匀设置有若干个，扩孔刀具3的前部内侧与扩孔刀具3的圆锥表面顶压配合。
钻孔刀具2的外形为前粗后细呈圆锥形结构，钻孔刀具2前端面均匀设置有若干个第一金刚石刀头6，钻孔刀具2内部沿垂直方向设置有通水孔7，钻孔刀具2后端设置有滑动连接在高压水腔4内壁的滑座8，高压水腔4内壁沿轴向方向设置有花键槽9，滑座8外圆周均匀设置有与花键槽9滑动配合的花键10，高压水腔4内壁的前部固定设置有限定滑座8位置的环形挡圈11。
扩孔刀具3的内侧面均匀设置有若干个第二金刚石刀头12，每个扩孔刀具3的前端均通过销轴13铰接在钻扩孔杆1前端，销轴13平行于钻扩孔杆1的切线方向，扩孔刀具3的后端内侧设置有位于扩孔刀具3和钻孔刀具2之间的凸块16，凸块16内侧设置有金刚石耐磨层，凸块16后侧与环形挡圈11之间设置有拉伸弹簧14，在拉伸弹簧14的作用下，以销轴13的铰接点，凸块16内侧的金刚石耐磨层与钻孔刀具2的圆锥面顶压配合。
注水孔5前端与高压水腔4后端之间通过前大后小的喇叭口15过渡连通，喇叭口15起到减少水流阻力，并使水压能对滑座8后侧面压力保持均匀的作用。
本发明在工作使用时，如图4-6所示，平时扩孔刀具3在拉伸弹簧14的作用下处于收缩状态，扩孔刀具3的前端内侧与钻孔刀具2的前部外圆周接触。工作时，将本发明的钻扩孔杆1的后端安装在钻杆前端，高压水通过钻杆内部的水孔进入钻扩孔杆1内部的注水孔5，水经过所述的喇叭口15后，水压会减小，从 而充满高压水腔4，由于钻孔刀具2内的通水孔7的直径相对于高压水腔4的直径要小得多，所以高压水会将钻孔刀具2的滑座8向前顶，从而使钻孔刀具2向前伸长，又由于环形挡圈11的阻挡，使钻孔刀具2的滑座8不至于脱离高压水腔4。由于钻孔刀具2的外圆周由于是前粗后细的圆锥体结构，在拉伸弹簧14的作用下，钻孔刀具2的外圆周面与凸块16的内端下部始终保持顶压接触，随着钻孔刀具2向前移动，凸块16以销轴13为中心线向后转动，扩孔刀具3也以销轴13为中心线向内旋转，在钻孔过程中扩孔刀具3的旋转直径始终小于钻孔刀具2的旋转直径；与此同时，钻机驱动钻杆和钻扩孔杆1高速旋转，钻扩孔杆1通过花键10与花键槽9的配合带动钻孔刀具2旋转，钻孔刀具2前端的第一金刚石刀头6对巷道壁进行钻孔。然后在钻杆的旋转作用带动下，使钻孔刀具2旋转钻孔。当钻到一定深度需要扩孔时，逐渐减小水压使钻孔刀具2的滑座8沿高压水腔4向后移动，钻孔刀具2也向后移动，钻孔刀具2的圆锥面会驱动扩孔刀具3下端内侧设置的凸块16以销轴13为中心线向前转动，拉伸弹簧14进一步被拉伸，扩孔刀具3也以销轴13为中心线向外旋转，扩孔刀具3的旋转直径逐渐增大，由于在钻孔时工人会主动向前推钻机，所以在水压减小后，钻孔刀具2会下降到高压水腔4的最后部，这时扩孔刀具3张开到最大，扩孔直径也达到最大，这样就将钻孔进一步进行扩孔。需要退出钻杆时，只需要再加大水压，水压驱动滑座8在高压水腔4内向前移动，钻孔刀具2也向前移动，凸块16与钻孔刀具2外圆锥面接触处的外径逐渐减小，凸块16在拉伸弹簧14的作用下，凸块16以销轴13为中心线向后转动，扩孔刀具3也以销轴13为中心线向内旋转，扩孔刀具3的旋转直径逐渐减小，直到扩孔刀具3的旋转直径小于等于钻孔刀具2的最大钻孔直径后，向后拉动钻杆和扩孔器，一起退出钻孔。
本发明中的高压水腔4内壁沿轴向方向设置有花键槽9，滑座8外圆周均匀设置有与花键槽9滑动配合的花键10，这样既起到轴向滑动配合的作用，而且可起到钻杆转动带动钻孔刀具2转动的作用。
本实施例并非对本发明的形状、材料、结构等作任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 注液式扩孔钻头，其特征在于：包括钻扩孔杆、钻孔刀具和扩孔刀具，钻扩孔杆的中心线沿前后方向设置，钻扩孔杆前端同轴向开设有前端敞口且呈圆柱形的高压水腔，钻扩孔杆内沿中心线方向开设有注水孔，注水孔的前端与高压水腔连通，钻孔刀具的后端滑动连接在高压水腔内，扩孔刀具沿钻扩孔杆的前端面的圆周方向均匀设置有若干个，扩孔刀具的前部内侧与扩孔刀具的圆锥表面顶压配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的注液式扩孔钻头，其特征在于：钻孔刀具的外形为前粗后细呈圆锥形结构，钻孔刀具前端面均匀设置有若干个第一金刚石刀头，钻孔刀具内部沿垂直方向设置有通水孔，钻孔刀具后端设置有滑动连接在高压水腔内壁的滑座，高压水腔内壁沿轴向方向设置有花键槽，滑座外圆周均匀设置有与花键槽滑动配合的花键，高压水腔内壁的前部固定设置有限定滑座位置的环形挡圈。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的注液式扩孔钻头，其特征在于：扩孔刀具的内侧面均匀设置有若干个第二金刚石刀头，每个扩孔刀具的前端均通过销轴铰接在钻扩孔杆前端，销轴平行于钻扩孔杆的切线方向，扩孔刀具的后端内侧设置有位于扩孔刀具和钻孔刀具之间的凸块，凸块内侧设置有金刚石耐磨层，凸块后侧与环形挡圈之间设置有拉伸弹簧，在拉伸弹簧的作用下，以销轴的铰接点，凸块内侧的金刚石耐磨层与钻孔刀具的圆锥面顶压配合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的注液式扩孔钻头，其特征在于：注水孔前端与高压水腔后端之间通过前大后小的喇叭口过渡连通。
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