WO2005083468A1 - Procede et appareil destines a mesurer la resistivite de la terre par ondes electromagnetiques - Google Patents

Procede et appareil destines a mesurer la resistivite de la terre par ondes electromagnetiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005083468A1
WO2005083468A1 PCT/CN2004/001403 CN2004001403W WO2005083468A1 WO 2005083468 A1 WO2005083468 A1 WO 2005083468A1 CN 2004001403 W CN2004001403 W CN 2004001403W WO 2005083468 A1 WO2005083468 A1 WO 2005083468A1
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Prior art keywords
depth
resistivity
data
curve
electromagnetic wave
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PCT/CN2004/001403
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Renan Zhou
Ziren Guo
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Renan Zhou
Ziren Guo
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Application filed by Renan Zhou, Ziren Guo filed Critical Renan Zhou
Priority to CA002551588A priority Critical patent/CA2551588A1/en
Priority to JP2006545885A priority patent/JP2007517201A/ja
Priority to EP04802419A priority patent/EP1703304A1/en
Priority to US10/583,807 priority patent/US7519474B2/en
Publication of WO2005083468A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005083468A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/12Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30Assessment of water resources

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an instrument for geophysical exploration, and in particular, to a method and an instrument for measuring the resistivity of a terrestrial electromagnetic wave by directly converting a frequency into a depth. Background technique
  • the traditional magnetotelluric sounding method began in the 1950s and has a history of more than 50 years. It is a geophysical method used to study the electrical properties of the earth based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Among the various electrical and electromagnetic methods for studying the electrical properties of the earth, the magnetotelluric sounding method has a large detection depth, is not shielded by a high-resistance layer, has a strong resolving power, has a narrow range of equivalent values, has low working costs, and has relatively low field equipment. Lightweight and so on. To a large extent, this is due to the fact that the magnetotelluric sounding method uses a very wide frequency band and a large amount of natural alternating electromagnetic energy as the field source.
  • the magnetotelluric sounding method is based on the electromagnetic wave equation.
  • the assumption of its scalar impedance theory is that plane electromagnetic waves are incident on the earth's surface vertically, and the stratum is a horizontal layered medium.
  • the formation impedance changes with time and measurement direction.
  • the magnetotelluric sounding tensor impedance theory is used.
  • countries such as the Soviet Union, the United States, France, Germany, and Canada have developed various magnetotelluric sounding instruments, and China has also developed magnetotelluric sounding instruments. Based on the geodetic sounding theory, an interpretation method for field observation data is proposed.
  • the quantitative interpretation is mainly based on the inversion of underground electrical stratification based on the apparent resistivity curve.
  • Electronic computer automatic inversion of geodetic electromagnetic sounding actual measurement curve usually calculate the theoretical curve according to the given initial parameters (Hi, P i), and then compare it with an actual measurement curve, and continuously modify the parameters according to the principle of minimum variance to find a The best theoretical curve fits the measured curve.
  • the parameter corresponding to this theoretical curve is the inverse solution.
  • a one-dimensional continuous model inversion method of magnetotelluric sounding was proposed.
  • the resistivity of the earth's medium is considered as a function of the isotropic continuous change with depth.
  • the magnetotelluric sounding method is applied to the study of the crust and upper mantle, the census surveys the sedimentary basins and oil-bearing structures, finds and explores hot fields, performs earthquake prediction, and finds metal minerals and groundwater sources.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, and to provide a method and an instrument for measuring the resistivity of the earth ’s electromagnetic waves with high accuracy and high efficiency, which have a large detection depth and are not shielded by a high-resistance layer.
  • a method for measuring the resistivity of a magnetotelluric wave uses an electric field sensor, a magnetic field sensor, and a data collector connected thereto to sample the stratum, and according to the basic relationship between the stratum depth and the propagation frequency, the electromagnetic wave resistivity and The basic relationship between depths is to collect, control, store and process the sampled data to achieve continuous measurement of the earth ’s electromagnetic wave resistivity.
  • the steps are-the first step is to establish a linear coordinate observation system and preset the initial acquisition parameters:
  • F is the frequency, the unit is Hertz, '
  • H is the depth in meters
  • a is the surface coefficient, which is a small value, which can be ignored in the first step.
  • b is the growth coefficient of regional formation resistivity with depth, and its value is set to 0.1
  • K ' is the depth of detection defined for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the formation
  • the preset initial acquisition parameters are: the starting measurement depth value Hl, the ending measurement depth value H2, and the sampling interval value S, where the units of Hl, H2, and S are meters;
  • the second step is to determine the depth coefficient:
  • Hpl is the depth of the characteristic point of the first logging curve of the drilled well, the unit is meter
  • Hp2 is the depth of the characteristic point of the second log curve of the drilled well.
  • the unit is meter.
  • L1 is the number of acquisition points of electromagnetic wave resistivity curves with similar characteristics to the first log characteristic point of the new survey
  • L2 is the acquisition of electromagnetic resistivity curves of similar characteristics to the second log characteristic point of the new survey Number of points
  • B is the actually determined depth coefficient, which is used to replace the value of bK 'in formula (1) to perform the frequency-depth relationship transformation; after simplification, formula (1) is:
  • T is the period and the unit is microsecond
  • the third step is to correct the surface depth coefficient:
  • Hd is the characteristic point depth of the electric logging curve of the unknown drilling
  • He is the depth of the same characteristic point of the detection electromagnetic wave resistivity curve, and the units of Ha, Hd and He are meters; the surface depth correction of the detection electromagnetic wave resistivity curve measurement depth is performed by using the surface depth coefficient Ha, and the corrected initial depth is:
  • the fourth step is to select other acquisition parameters:
  • the corresponding values of the number of sampling cycles are: 128, 64, 32, 16;
  • Low-pass filter setting Use automatic tracking filtering in areas with strong industrial power interference and shallow measurements. It is not necessary to use auto-tracking filtering when the power supply interferes with weak areas and deep surveys;
  • the fifth step is the collection of data and on-site processing:
  • the method for measuring the resistivity of the earth ’s electromagnetic waves according to the present invention, wherein the conditions for selecting the known wells are: (1) the formation is representative; (2) the resistivity logging data or drilling coring data; (3) Strata inclination angle is 15 degrees; (4) There is no interference from strong industrial grid on the ground.
  • the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument comprises an electric field sensor receiving an electric field strength signal and a magnetic field sensor receiving a magnetic field strength signal, and at least two sets of preamplifiers respectively connected to the electric field sensor and the magnetic field sensor And a data collector connected to the preamplifier and a collection control, data storage and processing system, the data collector is connected to the collection control, data storage and processing system through a data bus and a control bus; the The acquisition control, data storage and processing system stores a H—F basic relationship between the formation depth and the propagation frequency, a P—H basic relationship between the electromagnetic wave resistivity and the depth, and performs data processing based on the basic relationship. Store and process the program sequence for continuous measurement of the earth's electromagnetic wave resistivity.
  • the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument wherein the acquisition control, data storage and processing system uses a notebook computer and is provided with a printer port.
  • the electric field sensor includes at least a pair of lead electrodes or other non-polarized electrodes, or copper electrodes; the magnetic field sensor uses a multi-turn annular induction coil, or has a magnetic flux negative Feedback multiturn toroidal induction coil.
  • the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument wherein the preamplifier includes an input amplifier, a multi-stage notch, a low-pass filter, and an output amplifier.
  • the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument wherein the data collector is a high-speed data collector.
  • the invention provides a high-precision and high-efficiency method for measuring earth electromagnetic wave resistivity with a large detection depth, which is not shielded by a high-resistance layer, and realizes continuous measurement of earth electromagnetic wave resistivity.
  • This method uses actual data to directly calibrate the relationship between frequency and depth, which changes the traditional method of obtaining formation depth and thickness using multivariable theoretical formulas, making formation resistivity the only variable, greatly improving the accuracy of electromagnetic sounding measurements, and Use the instrument to process the collected data on site.
  • the electromagnetic wave resistivity curve that changes with depth is obtained at the time, which can be directly applied to mineral exploration, reducing some drilling, and improving the overall efficiency of exploration.
  • the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument After verification of a large number of measured data, the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument has reached the following indicators-depth error: in areas with well calibration, the error is not greater than 5%;
  • Detection time each measurement point, (measuring depth 4000m) working time lh;
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a preamplifier filter in the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a data processing result diagram of the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument of the present invention. Best Mode for Invention ''
  • the technical innovation of the method and instrument for measuring the electromagnetic resistivity of the earth according to the present invention is: Under certain conditions, the formation depth has a linear relationship with the propagation frequency of the electromagnetic wave, and the relationship between frequency and depth is directly calibrated with actual data, and the multivariable theoretical formula is changed.
  • the traditional method of determining the formation depth and thickness makes the formation resistivity the only variable. As long as the electric field strength and magnetic field strength at each acquisition depth point are obtained, a resistivity curve that continuously varies with depth can be obtained.
  • the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation indicates that the propagation of field strength in the formation changes exponentially, or that the amplitude of the electric field decays exponentially with the depth of the formation.
  • Traditional electromagnetic wave methods use skin depth to estimate the detection depth of the instrument.
  • the detection depth referred to in the present invention depends on the sensitivity of the instrument and the intensity of the incident field source. When the incident field source intensity is constant, the higher the sensitivity of the instrument, the deeper the detection depth.
  • the detection depth has a wide range of variation. For example, when the amplitude is attenuated to 1 / e 3 (5%) as the detection depth of the instrument, the detection depth IT value is three times the skin depth K value. This detection depth can be achieved by current instrument sensitivity.
  • the formation depth has a linear relationship with the propagation frequency of electromagnetic waves.
  • the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument designed according to the technical idea of the present invention is introduced. Referring to FIG. 1, the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument of the present invention is composed of five parts: an electric field sensor 1 receiving an electric field strength signal, a magnetic field sensor 2 receiving a magnetic field strength signal, two preamplifiers and filters 3, a data acquisition system 4 and Acquisition control, data storage and processing system 5.
  • the output end of the electric field sensor 1 is connected to the input end of the preamplifier and filter 3, and the output end of the magnetic field sensor 2 is connected to the input end of the other preamplifier and filter 3.
  • the outputs of the amplifier and filter 3 are connected to two (or more) inputs of the data acquisition system.
  • CHI CH2 There are two types of connections between the CHI data acquisition system 4 and the acquisition control and data storage and processing system 5.
  • Mode 1 Parallel port of the data acquisition system 4 (PARALLEL PORT) is connected to the printer port of the acquisition control and data storage and processing system 5;
  • Mode 2 parallel port of the data acquisition system 4 (PARALLEL PORT) is connected to the set control and
  • the data storage is connected to a parallel port of the processing system 5.
  • the data of the data acquisition system is transmitted to the acquisition control and data storage and processing system, and at the same time, the acquisition control and data storage and processing system sends control and acquisition instructions to the data acquisition system.
  • the electric field sensor 1 is composed of a pair (or pairs) of copper electrodes or lead electrodes, or other non-polarized copper electrodes.
  • Magnetic field sensors generally use multi-turn toroidal induction coils, or use multi-turns with negative feedback of magnetic flux. Toroidal induction coil. The two sensors receive the electric field strength signal (Ex) and the magnetic field strength signal (Hy).
  • the preamplifier and filter 3 are composed of an amplifier, a multi-stage notch, a low-pass filter, and an output stage, amplify signals received by the electric field and magnetic field sensors, and filter out industrial power and its harmonics. Interference caused by waves, to prevent aliasing interference.
  • the data acquisition system 4 uses a universal high-speed data acquisition device. Its main performance: Sampling rate: .1 Guz and can be adjusted by program control, number of channels: ⁇ 6, A / D conversion: 12 or 16 bits, adjustable gain: 1-100, waveform synchronization, program-controlled anti-aliasing filtering Device.
  • the data acquisition system digitizes the analog signals input by the preamplifier under program control, and outputs the digital signals grouped by frequency to the acquisition control and data storage and processing system 5.
  • the main task is to program control the data collection system, complete the predetermined data collection tasks as required, and record the results data on the hard disk.
  • the design of the instrument control software fully reflects the technical ideas.
  • the electric field strength and magnetic field strength at corresponding depth points can be collected. It can sample at intervals of a maximum depth of 0.2 meters; it can sample any depth segment from any depth point within the range of technical indicators; real-time display of electric and magnetic field strength curves that change linearly with depth; use data processing software to collect data On-site processing to obtain the electromagnetic wave resistivity curve as a function of depth H.
  • the first step is to establish a linear coordinate observation system and preset initial acquisition parameters:
  • F is the frequency, the unit is Hertz,
  • H is the depth in meters
  • a is the surface coefficient, which is a small value, which can be ignored in the first step.
  • b is the growth coefficient of regional formation resistivity with depth, and its value is set to 0.1
  • K ' is the depth of detection defined for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the formation
  • the preset initial acquisition parameters are: the starting measurement depth value Hl, the ending measurement depth value H2, and the sampling interval value S, where the units of Hl, H2, and S are meters.
  • the initial measured depth value HI, the end measured depth value H2, and the sampling interval value S according to the design requirements are converted into the F parameters determined by the relationship (1) and preset to the parameters of the earth electromagnetic wave resistivity measurement instrument. Allow the instrument to operate normally.
  • the second step is to determine the depth coefficient B:
  • a known well should be selected in the exploration area or adjacent areas.
  • Known drilling conditions should meet the following conditions: 1.
  • the formation is representative; 2. It has resistivity logging data or drilling coring data; 3.
  • the inclination of the formation is 15 degrees; 4.
  • depth coefficients of other areas similar to this block or other stratigraphic data with electrical characteristics can be used.
  • Hpl is the depth of the characteristic point of the first logging curve of the drilled well, the unit is meter,
  • Hp2 is the depth of the characteristic point of the second log curve of the drilled well.
  • the unit is meter.
  • L1 is the number of the set points of the electromagnetic wave resistivity curve with similar characteristics to the first log characteristic point
  • B is the actually determined depth coefficient, which is used to replace the value of bK 'in the formula (1) for frequency-depth relationship transformation.
  • the formula (1) is:
  • T is the period and the unit is microsecond.
  • B ranges from 0.001 to 1.000.
  • the depth coefficients of other areas similar to this block can be used to measure the basic relationship after calibration, and a satisfactory result can also be obtained.
  • the instrument is preset with a set of proven depth coefficient parameters for use.
  • the third step is to correct the surface depth coefficient Ha :
  • Hd is the characteristic point depth of the well drilling electric logging curve
  • He is the depth of the same characteristic point of the detection electromagnetic wave resistivity curve, and the units of Ha, Hd and He are meters; the surface depth correction of the detection electromagnetic wave resistivity curve measurement depth is performed by using the surface depth coefficient Ha, and the corrected initial depth is:
  • the fourth step is to select other acquisition parameters:
  • the corresponding values of the number of sampling cycles are: 128, 64, 32, 16;
  • Automatic tracking filter is used in areas with strong industrial power interference and shallow measurements, and automatic tracking filter may not be used in areas with weak industrial power interference and deep measurements.
  • the abscissa is a linear coordinate, which represents the depth, and the depth ratio can be adjusted according to requirements;
  • the ordinate the electromagnetic wave resistivity is shown in the upper curve, and there are two kinds of coordinates, linear and logarithmic, for selection, shown in the medium curve
  • the strength of the electric field which indicates the strength of the magnetic field in the lower curve, can be adjusted.
  • the method of the present invention greatly improves the stratification accuracy when the detection depth is the same, so that the magnetotelluric bathymetry can only enter the exploration stage from a regional survey, and can even reduce the drilling of a part, greatly improving The overall benefits of exploration.
  • the sensitivity requirements of the instrument are much lower, which is beneficial to the manufacture of the instrument.
  • the measurement time is shortened, the influence of external interference, instrument drift, and electrode polarization is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
  • the interpretation of field observation data becomes simple.

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Description

大地电磁波电阻率测量方法及其仪器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种地球物理勘探的方法和仪器, 具体地说, 涉及一种直接将频率转变为深度 的大地电磁波电阻率测量方法及其仪器。 背景技术
传统的大地电磁测深法始于上世纪五十年代, 距今已有五十多年历史。 它是基于电磁感应 原理, 用于研究地球电性的一种地球物理方法。 在研究地球电性的多种电法和电磁法中, 大地 电磁测深法具有探测深度大, 不受高阻层屏蔽, 分辨能力较强, 等值范围较窄, 工作成本低廉 和野外装备较轻便等特点。 在很大程度上, 这是由于大地电磁测深法利用了频带非常宽阔的、 能量巨大的天然交变电磁作场源的结果。 大地电磁测深法建立在电磁波波动方程的基础上, 它 的标量阻抗理论的假设前提是平面电磁波垂直入射到地球表面, 地层为水平层状介质。 当地层 为水平非均匀构造及存在各向异性时, 地层阻抗随时间及测量方向而变化, 这时釆用大地电磁 测深张量阻抗理论。 根据大地电磁测深基本理论, 苏、 美、 法、 德、 加等国家研制了各种大地 电磁测深仪器, 我国也研制了大地电磁测深仪器。 根据大地测深理论, 提出了对野外观测资料 的解释方法。 其中定量解释主要根据视电阻率曲线反演地下的电性分层。 大地电磁测深实测曲 线的电子计算机自动反演, 通常根据给定的初始参数 ( Hi、 P i) 计算出理论曲线, 然后与一 条实测曲线进行对比, 按最小方差原理不断修改参数, 找出一条与实测曲线拟合最好的理论曲 线, 这条理论曲线所对应的参数就是反演的解。 后来又提出了一维连续模型的大地电磁测深反 演方法。把地球介质的电阻率视为各向同性随深度连续变化的函数。它仍然是从初始模型出发, 计算理论曲线, 与实测曲线对比, 修改初始模型, 逐次逼近实测曲线, 最后获得经过唯一性评 价的电阻率随深度连续变化的曲线。 大地电磁测深法应用于地壳上地幔研究, 普查勘探沉积盆 地和含油气构造, 寻找和勘探热田, 进行地震预报和寻找金属矿产, 地下水源等方面。
虽然大地电磁测深法已经得到较广泛应用。但是由于它的勘探精度不高, 其分层厚度往往 是以百米计, 甚致数千米, 很少见到数十米的情况。 因此它在矿藏勘探中难于发挥更大作用。 此外其勘探效率有待进一步提高。 发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述缺陷, 提供一种探测深度大, 不受高阻层屏蔽, 高精度、 高效率 的大地电磁波电阻率测 k方法和仪器。
本发明所述的大地电磁波电阻率测量方法, 该方法通过电场传感器、 磁场传感器和与其相 连的数据采集器对地层进行采样, 并根据地层深度与传播频率之间的基本关系式、 电磁波电阻 率与深度之间的基本关系式, 对采样数据进行采集控制、 数据存储与处理, 实现对大地电磁波 电阻率进行连续测量, 其步骤是- 第一步, 建立线性坐标观察系统, 预置初始采集参数:
在所建立的线性坐标观察系统中, 频率与深度的关系式为-
F= a+bK ' /H (1)
式中: F为频率, 单位为赫兹, '
H为深度, 单位为米,
a为表层系数, 是一个较小的值, 在第一步工作中可忽略,
b为区域性地层电阻率随深度的增长系数, 其值设定为 0.1,
K '为电磁波在地层中传播定义的探测深度值;
预置的初始采集参数为: 起始测量深度值 Hl、 终止测量深度值 H2、 采样间隔值 S, 其中, Hl、 H2、 S的单位为米;
第二步, 确定深度系数:
在探区或相邻地区, 选择己知钻井, 并在已知钻井旁进行探测, 测取一条电磁波电阻率曲 线, 用该曲线与已知钻井的电磁波电阻率曲线进行对比, 按下列步骤确定参数 B:
在测得的电磁波电阻率曲线上截取一段与已知钻井中的电测电阻率曲线进行比较, 按下式 求得采样间隔 S ':
S ' = (Hp2-Hpl) / (L2-Ll) (2)
式中: Hpl为已钻探井的第 1个测井曲线特征点的深度, 单位为米,
Hp2为已钻探井的第 2个测井曲线特征点的深度, 单位为米,
L1为新测探的与第 1个测井特征点相似特征的电磁波电阻率曲线的采集点号数, L2为新测探的与第 2个测井特征点相似特征的电磁波电阻率曲线的采集点号数, 令 E=S ' /S , (3) 有 B=EbK' ,
B为实际确定的深度系数, 用以取代 (1)式中的 bK' 值, 进行频率深度关系变换; 经过简 化之后, (1)式为:
H=BT (4)
式中, T为周期, 单位为微秒;
第三步, 校正表层深度系数:
用第二步确定的曲线与己知钻井电阻率曲线进行全测量段比较, 各特征深度点之间存在的 系统误差值为:
Ha=Hd-HC (5)
式中, Ha为表层深度系数,
Hd为巳知钻井电测井曲线特征点深度,
He为探测电磁波电阻率曲线同一特征点深度, Ha、 Hd、 He的单位为米; 用所述表层深度系数 Ha对探测电磁波电阻率曲线测量深度进行表层深度校正, 校正后的起 始深度为:
Hlj=Hl ± Ha;
第四步, 选择其他采集参数:
( 1 ) 根据设计要求确定采集开始 /结束深度;
( 2 )选择采样间隔- a、 进行区域地层对比, 追踪大地层电性界面时采用: 5m、 10m、 20m,
b、 进行矿层 (油层、 煤层、 金属矿层)、 裂缝带追踪与探测时釆用: 0. 2m、 0. 5m, lm, c、 设置采样点数: 结束深度≤1000m, 取 8点,
结束深度≤2000111, 取 16点,
结束深度 4000m, 取 32点,
结束深度≤8000m, 取 64点,
d、 采样周期数的对应值为: 128, 64, 32, 16;
(3)设置通道增益: 在使用双传感器时, 选择第一通道、 第二通道, 在使用多传感器时, 选择第一通道至第八通道;
(4)、 低通滤波器设置: 在工业电源干扰较强地区及浅层测量时使用自动跟踪滤波, 在工 业电源干扰弱地区及深层测量时可以不使用自动跟踪滤波;
第五步, 资料的釆集与现场处理:
采用经上述步骤标定与设值的仪器,进行资料的采集并确认符合原始资料质量标准。然后, 进行资料的现场处理, 将采集记录文件调入所述采集控制、 数据存储与处理系统的程序中, 输 入所述起始深度和采样间隔, 进行数据处理并在界面上确定纵横坐标的比例, 获取数据处理成 果图。
本发明所述的大地电磁波电阻率测量方法, 其中选择所述已知钻井的条件是: (1 )地层有 代表性; (2)有电阻率测井资料或钻井取芯等资料; (3 )地层倾角 15度; (4)地面无强工业 电网等干扰。
本发明所述的大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器, 其中包括接收电场强度信号的电场传感器和接 收磁场强度信号的磁场传感器、至少两套分别与所述电场传感器和所述磁场传感器的相连的前 置放大器和与所述前置放大器的相连的数据采集器以及一个采集控制、 数据存储及处理系统, 所述数据采集器与所述采集控制、 数据存储及处理系统通过数据总线和控制总线相连; 所述采 集控制、 数据存储及处理系统存储有地层深度与传播频率之间的 H— F基本关系式、 电磁波电阻 率与深度之间的 P — H基本关系式, 以及根据所述基本关系式对数据进行存储与处理, 实现对 大地电磁波电阻率进行连续测量的程序序列。
本发明所述的大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器, 其中所述采集控制、 数据存储与处理系统采用 笔记本电脑并设有打印机端口。
本发明所述的大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器, 其中所述电场传感器包括至少一对铅电极或者 其它不极化电极, 或者铜电极; 所述磁场传感器采用多匝环形感应线圈, 或者具有磁通负反馈 的多匝环形感应线圈。
本发明所述的大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器, 其中所述前置放大器包括输入放大器、 多级陷 波器、 低通滤波器及输出放大器。
本发明所述的大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器, 其中所述数据釆集器为高速数据采集器。 本发明提供了一种探测深度大, 不受高阻层屏蔽, 高精度、 高效率的大地电磁波电阻率测 量方法和仪器, 实现了对大地电磁波电阻率进行连续测量。 这一方法利用实际数据直接标定频 率与深度的关系, 改变了传统上利用多变量理论公式求取地层深度厚度的方法, 使地层电阻率 成为唯一的变量, 大大提高了电磁测深测量精度, 并且利用仪器对采集资料进行现场处理, 随 时获得随深度变化的电磁波电阻率曲线, 可直接应用于矿藏勘探, 减少部分钻井, 提高了勘探 的整体效益。 经过大量实测资料的验证, 该大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器达到了下列指标- 深度误差: 有井标定的地区, 其误差不大于 5%;
分层精度: 高电阻率地层 1 米;
低电阻率地层 0. 5 米;
探测深度: 40- 8000m,
300-8000m (在地面电磁干扰严重地区);
探测时间: 每个测量点次, (测量深度 4000m) 工作时间 lh;
仪器器重量: 20kg, 对施工场地要求简单。 附图说明
图 1是本发明大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器的方框图;
图 2是本发明大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器中前置放大滤波器的方框图;
图 3是本发明大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器的数据处理成果图。 发明的最佳实施方式 '
本发明大地电磁波电阻率测量方法和仪器的技术创新思路是: 在一定的条件下, 地层深度 与电磁波的传播频率呈线性关系, 利用实际数据直接标定频率与深度的关系, 改变利用多变量 理论公式求取地层深度厚度的传统方法, 使地层电阻率成为唯一的变量, 只要获得每个采集深 度点上的电场强度、 磁场强度, 便可以得到随深度连续变化的电阻率曲线。
电磁波传播理论指出, 场强在地层中传播呈指数规律变化, 或者说电场的振幅随地层深度 呈指数规律衰减, 传统电磁波方法, 利用趋肤深度估计仪器的探测深度。 本发明所指的探测深 度取决于仪器的灵敏度和入射场源的强度。 入射场源强度一定时, 仪器灵敏度越高探测深度越 深。 探测深度有一个较宽的变化范围, 例如定义振幅衰减到 1/e3时 (5%) 为仪器的探测深度, 则探测深度 IT值是三倍趋肤深度 K值。 这个探测深度是现在的仪器灵敏度能够达到的。 在一定 的条件下, 地层深度与电磁波的传播频率呈线性关系。 首先, 介绍按照本发明技术思路设计的大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器。 参见图 1, 本发明大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器由五部分组成: 接收电场强度信号的电场传 感器 1, 接收磁场强度信号的磁场传感器 2, 两个前置放大与滤波器 3, 数据采集系统 4和采集 控制、 数据存储及处理系统 5。
所述电场传感器 1的输出端连接到前置放大与滤波器 3的输入端, 磁场传感器 2的输出端连 接到另一个前置放大和滤波器 3的输入端, 两个 (或多个)前置放大与滤波器 3的输出端分别连接 到数据采集系统的两个 (或多个) 输入端 CHI CH2... CHI数据采集系统 4与采集控制及数据存储与 处理系统 5的连接有两种方式: 方式 1, 数据采集系统 4的并行端口(PARALLEL PORT) 与采集控 制及数据存储与处理系统 5的打印机端口连接; 方式 2, 数据采集系统 4的并行端口(PARALLEL PORT) 与釆集控制和数据存储与处理系统 5的并行端口连接。 数据采集系统的数据传输给采集 控制及数据存储与处理系统, 同时采集控制及数据存储与处理系统向数据采集系统输送控制、 采集指令。
所述电场传感器 1由一对 (或多对)铜电极或者铅电极组成, 或者采用其他不极化电极铜电 极磁场传感器一般情况用多匝环形感应线圈, 或者使用具有磁通负反馈的多匝环形感应线圈。 两个传感器分别接收电场强度信号 (Ex)和磁场强度信号 (Hy)。
参见图 2, 前置放大与滤波器 3由放大器、 多级陷波器、 低通滤波器及输出级组成, 对由电 场、 磁场传感器接收的信号进行放大, 并滤掉由工业电源及其谐波造成的干扰, 防止混迭干扰 的产生。
所述数据采集系统 4用通用的高速数据采集器。 其主要性能: 采样率: .1顧 z并可受程序控 制调节, 通道数: ^ 6, A/D转换: 12或 16位, 可调增益: 1-100, 波形同步, 程控抗混迭滤波 器。 数据采集系统在程序控制下, 对前置放大滤波器输入的模拟信号数字化, 把按频率分组的 数字信号输出到采集控制及数据存储与处理系统 5。
所述采集控制、 数据存储及处理系统 5为高性能笔记本电脑, 其内存储有根据方法中频率 深度基本方程式 F== a+B/H的程序, 以及预置各项测量参数的程序, 其主要任务是对数据釆集 系统进行程序控制,按照要求完成预定的数据釆集任务,并将成果数据纪录在硬盘中。电脑内还 存储有数据处理的程序, 根据大地电磁测深中的基本关系式: P = | Ex/Hy | 2/ , 将釆集的 电场强度 Ex和磁场强度 Hy转换为电磁波电阻率。 并可将最终成果打印输出。 仪器控制软件的设计充分体现技术思路,为了采集到不同深度的信息,不断改变采集频率, 可以采集到相应深度点上的电场强度、 磁场强度。 最高可以按 0. 2米的深度等间隔采样; 可以 从技术指标范围内任意深度点对任意深度段采样; 实时显示随深度线性变化的电场强度、 磁场 强度曲线; 利用数据处理软件对采集资料进行现场处理, 获得随深度 H变化的电磁波电阻率曲 线 。
下面, 说明本发明大地电磁波电阻率测量的方法, 该方法的步骤是- 第一步, 建立线性坐标观察系统, 预置初始采集参数:
在所建立的线性坐标观察系统中, 频率与深度的关系式为:
F= a+bK ' /H (1)
式中: F为频率, 单位为赫兹,
H为深度, 单位为米,
a为表层系数, 是一个较小的值, 在第一步工作中可忽略,
b为区域性地层电阻率随深度的增长系数, 其值设定为 0.1,
K '为电磁波在地层中传播定义的探测深度值;
预置的初始采集参数为: 起始测量深度值 Hl、 终止测量深度值 H2、 采样间隔值 S, 其中, Hl、 H2、 S的单位为米。
测量前, 按照设计要求的起始测量深度值 HI、 终止测量深度值 H2、 采样间隔值 S, 转换为 由关系式(1)确定的 F参数预置到大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器各参数界面, 使仪器正常运行。
第二步, 确定深度系数 B:
首先, 应当在探区或相邻地区, 选择一口己知钻井。 己知钻井的条件应当符合以下条件: 1、 地层有代表性; 2、 有电阻率测井资料或钻井取芯等资料; 3、 地层倾角 15度; 4、 地面无 强工业电网等干扰。 在没有已知钻井的新区, 可以利用以前的与这个区块类似的其他区域的深 度系数或者具有电性特征的其他地层分层资料。
选择己知钻井后, 在已知钻井旁进行探测, 测取一条电磁波电阻率曲线, 用该曲线与已知 钻井的电磁波电阻率曲线对比两条曲线是否在各特征点上是相似的。 如果他们的相关性不好, 按一定角度旋转电场传感器和磁场传感器的方向, 重新进行采集, 直到找到一条相关性最好的 曲线为止。此时所测曲线纵坐标是电磁波电阻率、 电场强度、磁场强度, 横坐标是釆集点序号。 然后, 按下列步骤确定参数 B: 在测得的电磁波电阻率曲线上截取一段与巳知钻井中的电测电阻率曲线进行比较, 按下式 求得采样间隔 S ':
S ' - (Hp2-Hpl) / (L2-Ll) (2) 式中: Hpl为已钻探井的第 1个测井曲线特征点的深度, 单位为米,
Hp2为已钻探井的第 2个测井曲线特征点的深度, 单位为米,
L1为新测探的与第 1个测井特征点相似特征的电磁波电阻率曲线的釆集点号数, L2为新测探的与第 2个测井特征点相似特征的电磁波电阻率曲线的采集点号数, 令 E=S ' /S , (3)
有 B=EbK' ,
B为实际确定的深度系数, 用以取代 ( 1)式中的 bK' 值, 进行频率深度关系变换; 经过简 化之后, (1)式为:
H=BT (4)
式中, T为周期, 单位为微秒, B的取值范围在 0. 001— 1. 000之间。
在没有深度标定井的新区, 可以利用以前的与这个区块类似的其他区域的深度系数, 对基 本关系式进行标定后进行测量, 也能获得较为满意的效果。 仪器预置了一套经过实践检验的深 度系数参数供使用。
第三步, 校正表层深度系数 Ha:
用第二步确定的曲线与己知钻井电阻率曲线进行全测量段比较, 各特征深度点之间存在的 系统误差值为:
Ha=Hd-HC (5)
式中, Ha为表层深度系数,
Hd为已知钻井电测井曲线特征点深度,
He为探测电磁波电阻率曲线同一特征点深度, Ha、 Hd、 He的单位为米; 用所述表层深度系数 Ha对探测电磁波电阻率曲线测量深度进行表层深度校正, 校正后的起 始深度为:
Hlj=Hl土 Ha。
第四步, 选择其他采集参数:
(1 )根据设计要求确定采集开始 /结束深度; (2) 选择釆样间隔:
a、 进行区域地层对比, 追踪大地层电性界面时采用: 5m、 10tn、 20m,
b、 进行矿层 (油层、 煤层、 金属矿层)、 裂缝带追踪与探测时采用: 0. 2m、 0. 5m, lm, c、 设置采样点数: 结束深度≤100(½, 取 8点,
结束深度 2000m, 取 16点,
结束深度≤400(½, 取 32点,
结束深度 8000m, 取 64点,
d、 采样周期数的对应值为: 128, 64, 32, 16;
( 3 ) 设置通道增益: 在使用双传感器时, 选择第一通道 CH1、 第二通道 CH2, 在使用多传 感器时, 选择第一通道至第八通道 CH1- 8, 在保证目的层段信号采集基础上, 选择较低增益可 以抑制交流工业电源干扰;
(4) 低通滤波器设置: 在工业电源干扰较强地区及浅层测量时使用自动跟踪滤波, 在工 业电源干扰弱地区及深层测量时可以不使用自动跟踪滤波。
第五步, 资料的采集与现场处理:
采用经上述步骤标定与设值的仪器,进行资料的采集并确认符合原始资料质量标准。然后, 进行资料的现场处理, 将采集记录文件调入所述采集控制、 数据存储与处理系统的程序中, 输 入所述起始深度和经过校正的采样间隔, 进行数据处理并在界面上确定纵横坐标的比例, 获取 数据处理成果图。 参见图 3, 其中横坐标为线性坐标, 表示深度, 深度比例可以根据要求进行 调节; 纵坐标: 在上曲线中表示电磁波电阻率, 具有线性和对数两种坐标供选择, 在中曲线中 表示电场强度, 在下曲线中表示磁场强度, 比例均可以调节。
工业实用性
本发明所述的方法与现有大地电磁测量法相比, 探测深度相同时, 分层精度大大提高, 使 得大地电磁测深由只能进行区域普查进入勘探阶段, 甚至可以少打一部分钻井, 大大提高勘探 整体效益。 在测取同样的深度的情况下, 对仪器灵敏度要求低得多, 有利于仪器的制造。 其测 量时间缩短, 外界干扰、 仪器漂移、 电极极化等影响减少, 效率得到了提高。 对野外观测资料 的解释变得简单, 在一维解释中, 当深度确定以后, 只需要读取深度点上的电场强度和磁场强 度便可容易的获得电磁波电阻率, 可以方便地实现实时处理解释。 由于不进行钻井便可以测得 —条随深度变化的电阻率曲线,大大拓宽了利用地面地球物理勘探解决地质问题的能力。例如, 油田水淹层监测, 寻找裂缝带的分布, 层间对比, 煤层、 金属矿层的追踪等等。 大地电磁波电 阻率测量方法和仪器成为一种运用于各个勘探阶段的有效方法和手段, 从而提高总体勘探效 益, 同时为深部勘探提供一种有效手段。 此外, 本发明也可以运用到有源的电磁测深中。

Claims

1、 大地电磁波电阻率测量方法, 该方法通过电场传感器、 磁场传感器和与其相连的数据 采集器对地层进行采样, 并根据地层深度 (H)与传播频率 (F)之间的基本关系式、 电磁波电 阻率 ( P ) 与深度 (H) 之间的基本关系式, 对采样数据进行采集控制、 数据存储与处理, 实 现对大地电磁波电阻率进行连续测量, 其步骤是:
第一步, 建立线性坐标观察系统, 预置初始采集参数- 在所建立的线性坐标观察系统中, 频率与深度的关系式为:
F= a+bK ' /H (1)
式中: F为频率, 单位为赫兹,
H为深度, 单位为米,
. a为表层系数, 是一个较小的值, 在第一步工作中可忽略,
b为区域性地层电阻率随深度的增长系数, 其值设定为 0.1,
κ '为电磁波在地层中传播定义的探测深度值;
预置的初始采集参数为: 起始测量深度值 (Hl)、 终止测量深度值 (H2)、 采样间隔值 (S), 其 中, Hl、 H2、 S的单位为米;
第二步, 确定深度系数 (B):
在探区或相邻地区, 选择己知钻井, 并在已知钻井旁进行探测, 测取一条电磁波电阻率曲 线, 用该曲线与已知钻井的电磁波电阻率曲线进行对比, 按下列步骤确定参数 B:
在测得的电磁波电阻率曲线上截取一段与已知钻井中的电测电阻率曲线进行比较, 按下式 求得采样间隔 S ':
S ' = (Hp2-Hpl) / (L2-Ll) (2) 式中: Hpl为已钻探井的第 1个测井曲线特征点的深度, 单位为米,
Hp2为已钻探井的第 2个测井曲线特征点的深度, 单位为米,
L1为新测探的与第 1个测井特征点相似特征的电磁波电阻率曲线的采集点号数, L2为新测探的与第 2个测井特征点相似特征的电磁波电阻率曲线的采集点号数, 令 E=S ' /S , (3)
有 B=EbK' , B为实际确定的深度系数, 用以取代 ( 1)式中的 bK' 值, 进行频率深度关系变换; 经过简 化之后, (1)式为:
H=BT (4)
式中, T为周期, 单位为微秒, B的取值范围在 0. 001— 1. 000之间;
第三步, 校正表层深度系数 (Ha):
用第二步确定的曲线与己知钻井电阻率曲线进行全测量段比较, 各特征深度点之间存在的 系统误差值为: '
Ha=Hd-HC (5)
式中, Ha为表层深度系数,
Hd为已知钻井电测井曲线特征点深度,
He为探测电磁波电阻率曲线同一特征点深度, Ha、 Hd、 He的单位为米; 用所述表层深度系数 Ha对探测电磁波电阻率曲线测量深度进行表层深度校正, 校正后的起 始深度为:
Hlj=Hl士 Ha;
第四步, 选择其他采集参数-
( 1 ) 根据设计要求确定采集开始 /结束深度;
(2)选择采样间隔:
a、 进行区域地层对比, 追踪大地层电性界面时采用: 5m、 10m、 20m,
b、 进行矿层 (油层、 煤层、 金属矿层)、 裂缝带追踪与探测时釆用: 0. 2m、 0. 5m, lm, c、 设置采样点数: 结束深度≤1000111, 取 8点,
结束深度≤2000m, 取 16点,
结束深度 4000m, 取 32点,
结束深度≤8000111, 取 64点,
d、 采样周期数的对应值为: 128, 64, 32, 16;
( 3) 设置通道增益: 在使用双传感器时, 选择第一通道 (CH1 )、 第二通道 (CH2), 在使 用多传感器时, 选择第一通道至第八通道 (CH1-8);
(4)、 低通滤波器设置: 在工业电源干扰较强地区及浅层测量时使用自动跟踪滤波, 在工 业电源干扰弱地区及深层测量时可以不使用自动跟踪滤波; 第五步, 资料的采集与现场处理:
采用经上述步骤标定与设值的仪器,进行资料的采集并确认符合原始资料质量标准。然后, 进行资料的现场处理, 将采集记录文件调入所述采集控制、 数据存储与处理系统的程序中, 输 入所述起始深度和经过校正的采样间隔, 进行数据处理并在界面上确定纵横坐标的比例, 获取 数据处理成果图。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征是选择所述已知钻井的条件是: (1 )地层有代表性; (2) 有电阻率测井资料或钻井取芯等资料; (3 ) 地层倾角 15度; (4 ) 地面无强工业电网等 干扰。
3、 大地电磁波电阻率测量仪器, 其特征是包括接收电场强度信号的电场传感器 (1 )和 接收磁场强度信号的磁场传感器 (2)、 至少两套分别与所述电场传感器 (1) 和所述磁场传感 器 (2) 的相连的前置放大器 (3)和与所述前置放大器 (3) 的相连的数据采集器 (4) 以及一 个采集控制、 数据存储及处理系统 (5), 所述数据采集器 (4) 与所述采集控制、 数据存储及 处理系统 (5)通过数据总线和控制总线相连; 所述采集控制、 数据存储及处理系统 (5)存储 有地层深度 (H) 与传播频率 (F) 之间的 H— F基本关系式、 电磁波电阻率 (P ) 与 度 (H) 之间的 P — H基本关系式, 以及根据所述基本关系式对数据进行存储与处理, 实现对大地电磁 波电阻率进行连续测量的程序序列。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的测量仪器, 其特征是所述采集控制、 数据存储与处理系统 (5) 采用笔记本电脑并设有打印机端口。
5、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的测量仪器, 其特征是所述电场传感器(1 )包括至少一对铅电 极, 或者铜电极, 或者其它不极化电极; 所述磁场传感器采用多匝环形感应线圈, 或者具有磁 通负反馈的多匝环形感应线圈。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的测量仪器, 其特征是所述前置放大器 (3) 包括输入放大器、 多 级陷波器、 低通滤波器及输出放大器。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的测量仪器, 其特征是所述数据釆集器 (4) 为高速数据采集器。
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