WO2005079814A1 - Composition pharmaceutique utilisee pour le traitement de l'avortement spontane recurrent et procede associe - Google Patents

Composition pharmaceutique utilisee pour le traitement de l'avortement spontane recurrent et procede associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005079814A1
WO2005079814A1 PCT/CN2004/000135 CN2004000135W WO2005079814A1 WO 2005079814 A1 WO2005079814 A1 WO 2005079814A1 CN 2004000135 W CN2004000135 W CN 2004000135W WO 2005079814 A1 WO2005079814 A1 WO 2005079814A1
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Prior art keywords
chromosome
pharmaceutical composition
rsa
male individuals
fibronectin
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PCT/CN2004/000135
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fenglin Chen
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Beijing Xinjing Antai Medical And Technology Service Limited Corp.
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Priority to DE602004022993T priority Critical patent/DE602004022993D1/de
Priority to PCT/CN2004/000135 priority patent/WO2005079814A1/zh
Priority to EP04712990A priority patent/EP1719516B1/en
Priority to US10/585,623 priority patent/US7902162B2/en
Priority to CNA2004800299183A priority patent/CN1867342A/zh
Priority to AT04712990T priority patent/ATE441422T1/de
Publication of WO2005079814A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005079814A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7088Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
    • A61K31/713Double-stranded nucleic acids or oligonucleotides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medicine and a method for treating recurrent spontaneous abortion. Background technique
  • Abortion is a phenomenon in which embryos and their appendages are eliminated by the pregnant woman before 28 weeks of pregnancy. According to the time of abortion, those who occur before 12 weeks are called early abortion, and those who occur after 12 weeks are called late abortion. Divided into two types of spontaneous abortion and induced abortion according to the cause. Induced abortion refers to the method of terminating pregnancy through surgery or drugs. There are two types of abortion.
  • Recurrent spontaneous abortion refers to the phenomenon of aborted fetuses and abortion within the same gestational week more than two times in a row.
  • the incidence of recurrent spontaneous abortions in pregnant women is 2-3%.
  • it can be divided into early RSA and late RSA; according to whether there is a normal pregnancy history before abortion, it can be divided into primary RSA and secondary RSA.
  • the two classifications are combined to divide RSA into: early primary RSA, late primary RSA, early secondary RSA and late secondary RSA.
  • recurrent spontaneous abortion including chromosomal abnormalities, endocrine disorders, abnormal anatomical structures of reproductive organs, bacterial or viral infections, maternal and infant blood group incompatibility, and environmental pollution.
  • recurrent spontaneous abortions including chromosomal abnormalities, endocrine disorders, abnormal anatomical structures of reproductive organs, bacterial or viral infections, maternal and infant blood group incompatibility, and environmental pollution.
  • RSA unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions
  • immune factors are considered to be the main cause of recurrent spontaneous abortions of unknown causes [Ksouri H, Zitouni M, Achour W, Makni S, Ben Has sen A ., Recurrent pregnancy loss related to immune disorders, Ann Med Interne (Paris). 2003 Sep; 154 (4): 233-47.].
  • RSA related to immune factors is called immune RSA.
  • Couple HLA is highly compatible (increased sharing of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)), inhibits maternal production of anti-paternal cytotoxic antibodies (APCA), anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2), Mixed lymphocyte reaction blocking antibodies (MLR-Bf) and other blocking antibodies (blocking antibodies, BA) that prevent the mother's immune system from attacking the embryo; (2) cells derived from helper T cells 1 (Thl) Factor and natural killer cells (NK) overactivation (Overactivity of T helper-1 (Th-1) cytokines); (3) abnormally increased levels of antiphosphokipid antibodies (APA): Antibodies are a group of autoimmune antibodies, including anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin [aCL] antibodies, etc.
  • Lymphocyte immunotherapy is the most widely used treatment method for immunological RSA. Since Taylor and Faulk first infused an unexplained RSA patient with a mixed leukocyte suspension from a spouse in 1981, immunotherapy of RSA has been carried out in China [Gatenby PA, Cameron K, Simes RJ. Treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion by immunization with paternal lymphocytes: results of a controlled trial. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1993 Mar; 29 (2): 88-94,].
  • lymphocytes Most immunogens use husband's lymphocytes. Methods: Isolate and extract lymphocytes from the spouse's venous blood and inject it intradermally; also use the husband's concentrated leukocytes or whole blood for intravenous injection; if inactivated cells are irradiated with 200rad X-rays and then injected intradermally, the resistance can be reduced. Host response. Immunizations are usually performed 2 to 4 times before pregnancy, with intervals of 2 weeks each, and booster immunizations 1 to 3 times after pregnancy. Twenty years after the development of lymphocyte immunotherapy for RSA, a large number of domestic and foreign scholars have found that the therapeutic effect of this method is uncertain and the side effects are large.
  • lymphocyte therapy has some serious side effects, such as sensitization of red blood cells, decreased platelets, and intrauterine growth retardation. And because this method uses living cells with intact nuclear material, some blood-borne diseases such as AIDS can be transferred from one individual to another.
  • the inventors have established an efficient and safe method of RSA immunotherapy based on in-depth research on the pathogenesis of early secondary RSA in immunity. Summary of invention
  • the invention provides:
  • a pharmaceutical composition for treating recurrent spontaneous abortion in an individual which is characterized by containing a therapeutically effective amount of chromosome 2 from a spouse of the individual or containing fibronectin
  • fibronectin FN
  • a pharmaceutical composition for treating recurrent spontaneous abortion in an individual characterized in that it contains a therapeutically effective amount of chromosome 2 from a plurality of male individuals or a mixture of fragments containing fibronectin-encoding genes.
  • a method for treating recurrent spontaneous abortion in an individual which comprises administering to the individual in need of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a substance capable of reducing the level of antinuclear antibodies in the body.
  • the RSA treatment pharmaceutical composition and treatment method provided by the present invention have been clinically verified, and the treatment effect is exact (effectiveness is above 95%), and no obvious side effect is found. Detailed description of the invention
  • the present inventors conducted clinical epidemiological research on early secondary RSA, and found that among a variety of related factors, the flow of humans has the highest correlation with early secondary RSA, and most of them have gestational weeks with secondary spontaneous abortions and aborted pregnancy The weeks are the same or similar, and there is a significant statistical difference compared with the control group (the results are shown in Table 1). Therefore, the present inventors speculate that the flow of people is the cause of early secondary RSA.
  • fibronectin bands existed between the trophoblastic layer and decidua of the control specimens, and fibronectin bands also existed between the trophoblasts, while fibronectin was not present outside the trophoblastic cells of the RSA patient specimens. Therefore, the inventors believe that the fibronectin band outside the trophoblast layer is the main structure constituting the placental immune barrier, and the destruction of the immune barrier function caused by the absence of the fibronectin band is the cause of immune RSA.
  • the inventors used a kit for detecting fibronectin antibodies to detect anti-FN antibodies in the serum of 30 patients with early secondary RSA with a history of abortion The results were not statistically different from the control group. Surprisingly, the inventors found that the levels of antinuclear antibodies against chromosome 2 (containing the FN-encoding gene) in these patients' serum (measured as described in Example 2) were significantly higher than those in the control group (see Table 2 ) .
  • the inventors proposed the following hypothesis on the pathogenesis of immune RSA: During the manual intervention of pregnancy such as induced abortion, embryonic cells rupture, and the spouse-derived .FN encoding gene is presented to the mother as an antigen
  • the immune system produces antinuclear antibodies against FN-encoding genes.
  • antinuclear antibodies against the FN-encoding gene enter trophoblasts, combine with the FN gene in the expressed state, and block the gene, preventing fibronectin outside the embryonic trophoblast from forming normally. Integrity is destroyed, the mother rejects the embryo, the embryo stops developing, and abortion occurs.
  • FN is a large-molecule multifunctional glycoprotein found in connective tissue, cell surfaces, cytoplasm, and other body fluids. FN bands have been found outside embryonic trophoblasts, but they are thought to be connected only to the placenta and decidua [Ronald F. Feinberg, Harvey J. Kliman, and Charles J. Lockwood, Is Oncofetal Fibronectin a Trophoblast Glue for Human Implantation? American Journal of Pathology, Vol. 138, No. 3, March 1991], trophoblasts play a role in the movement and invasion of decidua [Chakraborty C, Gleeson LM, McKinnon T, Lala PK., Regulation of human trophoblast Migration and invasiveness.
  • the present invention proves that the immune recurrent spontaneous abortion is directly related to the level of antinuclear antibodies in the patient's body, and the immune recurrent spontaneous abortion can be treated by reducing the level of antinuclear antibodies in the body.
  • the present invention therefore provides a method for treating recurrent spontaneous abortion in an individual, which comprises administering to the individual in need of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a substance capable of reducing the level of antinuclear antibodies in the body.
  • the substance capable of reducing the level of antinuclear antibodies in the body may be, for example, chromosome 2 from a spouse of the individual to be treated or a fragment containing a fibronectin-encoding gene, or chromosome 2 from a plurality of men or a fiber containing fibronectin. A mixture of fragments that encode genes.
  • the level of antinuclear antibodies in an immune RSA individual can be reduced and maintained at a safe pregnancy level for a certain period of time.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a substance capable of reducing the level of antinuclear antibodies in the body in the preparation of a medicament for treating recurrent spontaneous abortion.
  • the substance capable of reducing the level of antinuclear antibodies in the body is in particular derived from male chromosome 2 or a fragment containing a fibronectin-encoding gene.
  • the chromosome 2 or a fragment thereof may be a spouse from an individual to be treated, or a mixture of chromosome 2 or a fragment thereof from a plurality of male individuals.
  • the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating recurrent spontaneous abortion in an individual, which is characterized by containing a therapeutically effective amount of chromosome 2 from a spouse of the individual or a fragment containing a fibronectin-encoding gene, or containing a therapeutically effective Amounts of chromosome 2 or a mixture of fragments containing fibronectin-encoding genes from multiple males.
  • the clinical use proves that the pharmaceutical composition and treatment method of the present invention can effectively treat immune RSA.
  • an isolated, intact chromosome 2 is used.
  • No. 2 chromosome isolated from M-phase cells is used.
  • the inventor believes that due to the increase in the level of antinuclear antibodies against FN-encoding genes in immune RSA patients, the FN bands outside the embryonic trophoblast cells cannot form properly. Therefore, injecting patients can reduce the antinuclearity in vivo. Substances with antibody levels reduce their levels (for example, injection of spouse-derived chromosome 2 containing the FN-encoding gene as an antigen to neutralize the corresponding antinuclear antibody) is not sufficient to block the FN gene being expressed. In this way, the FN-encoding gene of the embryo can be expressed normally during pregnancy, forming a FN band outside the trophoblast cells, and the embryo's immune barrier is well formed. This allows the embryo to survive the previous gestational weeks of miscarriage and develop normally.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a mixture of chromosome 2 or fragments thereof from a plurality of male individuals is used.
  • the number of the plurality of male individuals is, for example, at least about 3, preferably at least about 5, and more preferably about 10, 20, 30, or more.
  • the present invention relates to a mixture of chromosome 2 or fragments thereof from a plurality of male individuals as a medicine, the use of the mixture in the preparation of a medicament for treating RSA, and a method for treating RSA by administering an effective amount of the mixture to a patient.
  • the following concepts described in the present invention have the following meanings:
  • Spouse Refers to a sexual partner of an aborted pregnancy in an RSA individual.
  • Chromosome 2 refers to human chromosome 2 or similar chromosomes containing FN-encoding genes in other mammals. In the latter case, the number of the chromosome in the chromosome of the animal is not necessarily 2 as long as it contains the FN-encoding gene.
  • Antinuclear antibody refers to antibodies against various nuclear components, particularly antibodies determined in a manner similar to that described in Example 2.
  • Immune RSA refers to early secondary recurrent spontaneous abortion with anti-nuclear antibody titer greater than 1: 64 in the serum.
  • Antibody titer (level) It refers to the maximum dilution of the serum of the antibody-positive sample determined by ELISA.
  • Pregnancy safety level refers to anti-nuclear antibody levels that are at least about 30%, preferably at least about 40%, more preferably at least about 50%, 60%, 70% or more lower than the original antinuclear antibody levels in patients with RS A, or antibody drops Degree is less than about 1:64.
  • Isolated refers to the separation of chromosome 2 from other cellular material (including proteins, other chromosomes, etc.).
  • the content of other cellular matter is 10 wt% or less, preferably the content of other cellular matter is 10 wt% or less, and more preferably 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or even 1 wt% or less.
  • the content of other chromosomes is preferably ⁇ 10%, more preferably ⁇ 1%.
  • M phase (mitosis phase): The period from the beginning to the end of cell division.
  • Chromosome fragment A fragment of chromosome 2 containing a gene encoding fibronectin and retaining the activity of reducing the level of the antinuclear antibody of the present invention.
  • a chromosome mixture containing chromosome 2 or a chromosome fragment thereof can be used, for example, a mixture of all chromosomes from which other cellular components have been removed.
  • the present invention preferably uses an isolated chromosome 2 or a fragment thereof.
  • Chromosome 2 in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be derived from any kind of somatic cells, preferably peripheral blood lymphocytes.
  • Peripheral blood lymphocytes can be isolated by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the source cells, such as peripheral blood lymphocytes are preferably cultured in vitro for a period of time before the chromosomes are isolated.
  • common cell culture media such as RPMI-1640 or DMEM.
  • Nutrient solution and fetal bovine serum at 5% C0 2, 37 ° C ⁇ 0.5.
  • Lymphocytes are cultured in a C-cell incubator for a suitable period of time, usually 3 to 5 days.
  • colchicine a cell culture medium, preferably colchicine, to prevent mitosis of the cells and stop the cells.
  • the culture medium preferably colchicine
  • All chromosomes can be extracted by rupturing the cells by chemical or physical methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as freeze-thaw cells, alkaline cell lysate, hypotonic methods, and the like. The preferred method is the hypotonic method.
  • Methods known to those skilled in the art can be used to further isolate and extract the entire chromosome 2 or to cut and purify the chromosome fragment containing the FN-encoding gene by enzymatic digestion.
  • the chromosome or chromosome fragment is used to prepare a formulation immediately after extraction. It can also be made into a lyophilized powder by methods well known to those skilled in the art, and stored at low temperature such as -70 C for future use.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is usually prepared as an injection.
  • This injection can be prepared by mixing conventional sterilized water for injection or physiological saline with an appropriate amount of chromosome 2 or a chromosome fragment containing the FN-encoding gene according to a conventional method.
  • concentration of chromosome 2 or a fragment thereof in the preparation is about 2 to 15 chromosomes / oil microscope fields, preferably 5 to 10 chromosomes / oil microscope fields, and more preferably 10 chromosomes / oil microscope fields.
  • the immunological RS A When the immunological RS A is treated with the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, it is generally administered by subcutaneous injection, preferably subcutaneous injection of the upper arm.
  • the dosage and number of injections per session can be determined by the clinician to reduce the patient's peripheral blood antinuclear antibody levels to a safe range for pregnancy. For example, each injection of 0.5 to 2 ml of an injection containing the above-mentioned concentration of chromosome 2 or a fragment thereof is usually injected 3 to 5 times, preferably 4 times, within 30 days.
  • the level of antinuclear antibodies in the peripheral blood is measured, and if it falls within the safe range of pregnancy, you can conceive.
  • the safety level of antinuclear antibody pregnancy can be maintained for about 3 months after a course of treatment, and the pregnancy can be safely performed during this period.
  • another course of treatment is performed after pregnancy to consolidate the treatment effect.
  • the pharmaceutical composition and treatment method of the present invention have been clinically tested, and more than 300 patients have been treated with a cure rate of more than 95%. No side effects have been found so far.
  • the gene immunotherapy of the present invention is compared with the existing lymphocyte immunotherapy (Table 3). Table 3 Comparison of immunotherapy of the present invention with lymphocyte immunotherapy
  • Lymphocytes were cultured in a 5% CO 2 incubator for 4 days. On the third day, add 40 to 0.1 ml of a 40 g / ml colchicine solution into each culture flask, and continue the culture for one day. On the fourth day, the adherent cells were blown up, the suspension was centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 10 minutes, the supernatant was discarded, and the precipitated cells were retained.
  • the patients were subcutaneously inoculated 4 times on June 25, 1999, July 12, 1999, July 28, 1999, and August 12, 1999.
  • the present invention was prepared using the method of Example 3 using their spouse chromosomes. Pharmaceutical composition.
  • the local reaction intensity of the skin after the first three inoculations was ++++, and the fourth reaction intensity was ++.
  • the patient's peripheral blood antinuclear antibody ice level decreased to 1:64.
  • the drug and method of the present invention have been approved for clinical trials in many hospitals in China.
  • the total treatment was more than 300 patients treated with early secondary RSA, a history of induced abortion, and elevated peripheral blood specific antinuclear antibodies (> 1: 64). Patients, the cure rate was> 95%. Except for local redness, swelling, heat, pain and other normal treatment responses at the subcutaneous inoculation site of the upper arm, no side effects were found.
  • the therapeutic effect of the method of the present invention is compared with the results of lymphocyte immunotherapy reported in the literature as follows.

Description

反复自然流产的治疗药物及治疗方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗反复自然流产的药物和方法。 背景技术
流产是妊娠 28周前, 胚胎及其附属物被孕妇体内排除的现象。 根据流产发生时间, 12周以前发生者称为早期流产, 12周以后发生 者称为晚期流产。 根据发生原因分为自然流产和人工流产两类, 人工 流产是指通过手术或药物终止妊娠的方法; 自然流产是指没有人工干 预, 由于某种疾病引起的妊娠终止, 包括偶然自然流产和反复自然流 产两类。
反复自然¾ ^产 ( recurrent spontaneous abortion, RSA )是指连续 2 次以上在同一妊娠周内发生胎停育继而流产的现象。 在孕妇中反复自 然流产的发病率为 2-3%。 根据流产发生的时间, 可分为早期 RSA和 晚期 RSA; 根据流产前有无正常怀孕史, 可分为原发性 RSA和继发 性 RSA。 临床上将两种分类结合起来, 将 RSA分为: 早期原发 RSA, 晚期原发 RSA, 早期继发 RSA和晚期继发 RSA。
多种病因可以引起反复自然流产, 其中有染色体异常、 内分泌失 调、 生殖器官解剖结构异常、 细菌或病毒感染、 母婴血型不合、 环境 污染等。 但还有一半左右的反复自然流产没有明确病因, 被称为不明 原因的反复自然流产 ( unexplained RSA )。 近年来随着对生殖免疫机 制认识的深入, 以及免疫学检查方法的进步, 免疫因素被认为是不明 原因反复自然流产的主要病因 [Ksouri H, Zitouni M, Achour W, Makni S, Ben Has sen A., Recurrent pregnancy loss related to immune disorders, Ann Med Interne (Paris). 2003 Sep;154(4):233-47.]。 与免疫因素有关的 RSA被称为免疫性 RSA。
流行病学调查显示早期继发 RSA多为免疫性 RSA。
关于引起 RSA的免疫学机制, 几种代表性观点如下: (1 ) 夫妇 HLA 的相容性高 ( increased sharing of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) ) , 抑制母体产生抗配偶细胞毒性抗体( anti-paternal cytotoxic antibodies, APCA ) 、 抗个体基因型抗体 ( anti-idiotypic antibodies, Ab2 ) 、 混合琳巴细胞反应阻断抗体 ( mixed lymphocyte reaction blocking antibodies , MLR-Bf ) 等阻止母亲免疫系统对胚胎攻击的封 闭抗体 ( blocking antibodies,BA ) ; ( 2 ) 辅助 T细胞 1 ( Thl ) 来源 的细胞因子和自然杀伤细胞的 ( natural killer cells, NK ) 过度活化 ( Overactivity of T helper- 1 (Th-1) cytokines ) ; ( 3 ) 抗磚脂抗体 ( antiphosphokipid antibodies APA ) 水平的异常增高: 抗磚脂抗体是 一组自身免疫性抗体, 其中包括抗心碑脂抗体、 狼疮抗凝抗体 (i.e., lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin [aCL] antibodies)等。
由于对母体和胎儿之间的免疫相容机制缺乏透彻的了解, 现在对 反复自然流产的免疫学发病机制还没有准确的认识, 至今还没有疗效 十分确定的治疗方法。 现在应用比较广泛的免疫性 RSA 的治疗方法 是淋巴细胞免疫治疗。 自 Taylor和 Faulk于 1981年首次给不明原因 RSA 患者输注取自配偶的混合白细胞悬液后, RSA 的免疫治疗在国 内夕卜均已开展 [Gatenby PA, Cameron K, Simes RJ. Treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion by immunization with paternal lymphocytes: results of a controlled trial. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1993 Mar;29(2):88-94,]。 免疫原多采用丈夫的淋巴细胞。 方法为: 从配偶 的静脉血中分离提取淋巴细胞, 皮内注射; 也可以用丈夫的浓缩白细 胞或全血进行静脉注射; 如果先用 200radX射线照射灭活细胞再行皮 内注射, 可减少抗宿主反应。 通常在妊娠前免疫 2 ~ 4次, 每次间隔 2 周, 妊娠后加强免疫 1 ~ 3次。 在淋巴细胞免疫治疗 RSA开展 20年 后的今天,经国内外学者大量研究,发现该治疗方法治疗效果不确定, 副作用大。 有学者检索了 1981 ~ 1994.9间发表的大部分 RSA免疫治 疗的文献,发现有严格实验对照和具有分析价值的 6份研究结果中中 仅一份显示 RSA免疫治疗有效, 其余研究中治疗组与对照组相比无 统计学差异(颜建化、 朱锡华, 论反复自然流产免疫治疗的科学性与 研究对策,科学, 1994.6: 59-62 )。 Charles A. Omwandho (Recurrent Pregnancy Losses and the Role of Immunotherapy. Review Article, Arch Gynecol Obstet (2000) 264:3-12)发现, 虽然一些实验数据看起来 支持淋巴细胞免疫治疗的有效性, 但与用非免疫方法例如心理支持、 关爱等治疗的对照組相比, 临床治愈率没有统计学差异。 用失活的细 菌或融血后 UV照射的自身血液对 RSA患者进行免疫治疗, 取得了 同样高的治愈率。 这些实验结果置疑了淋巴细胞免疫治疗的有效性。
此外, 淋巴细胞治疗有一些严重的副作用, 例如红细胞致敏、 血 小板减少、 胎儿宫内生长迟緩等。 而且由于该方法使用的是具有完整 核物质的活细胞, 因此一些通过血液传播的疾病如 AIDS等可以从一 个个体转移到另一个个体。
因此, 本领域迫切需要一种疗效确切、 副作用小的针对免疫性 RSA的治疗方法。
本发明人在对免疫性早期继发 RSA 的发病机理的深入研究基础 上, 建立了一种高效、 安全的 RSA免疫治疗方法。 发明概述
本发明提供:
1 ) 一种用于治疗个体反复自然流产的药物组合物, 其特征在于 含有治疗有效量的来自所述个体配偶的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白
( fibronectin, FN ) 编码基因的片段。
2 ) 一种用于治疗个体反复自然流产的药物组合物 , 其特征在于 其含有治疗有效量的来自多个男性个体的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋 白编码基因的片段的混合物。
3 )作为药物的男性 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基因的片 段。
4 ) 能够降低体内抗核抗体水平的物廣、 特别是来自男性的 2号 染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基因的片段在制备治疗反复自然流产 的药物中的应用。 5 ) 一种治疗个体反复自然流产的方法, 其包括给予需要治疗的 个体治疗有效量的能够降低体内抗核抗体水平的物质。
6 )根据上述 5 )的治疗方法, 其中所述能够降低体内抗核抗体水 平的物盾是来自所述个体配偶的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基 因的片段。
7 )根据上述 5 )的治疗方法, 其中所述能够降低体内抗核抗体水 平的物质是来自多个男性个体的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基 因的片段的混合物。
本发明提供的 RSA治疗药物组合物和治疗方法经临床验证, 疗 效确切 (有效率在 95 %以上) , 未发现明显副作用。 发明详述
本发明人对早期继发 RSA进行了临床流行病学研究, 发现在多 种相关因素中人流与早期继发 RSA 的相关性最高, 并且其中大多数 继发自然流产发生的妊娠周与人流的妊娠周相同或相近, 与对照组相 比具有显著的统计学差异 (结果见表 1 ) 。 因此, 本发明人推测人流 是早期继发 RSA的诱因。
表 1 早期继发 RSA的流行病学调查
Figure imgf000005_0001
为了探询早期继发 RSA 的发病机制, 本发明人对有人流病史的 早期继发 RSA 患者的再次怀孕进行监测, 当发现胚胎停育后, 通过 药物流产获得具有完整胎盘绒毛的 RSA胚胎标本。 无反复自然流产 患者药物流产所获得的胚胎标本作为对照。对所获得的胚胎绒毛组织 进行显微水平和超微水平的观察, 并进行免疫组化研究。 结果发现, 在光镜下这两种绒毛结构没有差别, 但在电镜下, 对照标本的滋养层 细胞外有一层致密的蛋白网结构, 而 RSA 患者标本的滋养层细胞是 棵露的 (结果见图 1和图 2 ) 。 免疫组化显示, 对照标本的滋养细胞 层与蜕膜之间存在纤连蛋白带, 并且滋养细胞之间也存在纤连蛋白 带, 而 RSA 患者标本的滋养层细胞外没有纤连蛋白。 因此本发明人 认为滋养细胞层外的纤连蛋白带是构成胎盘免疫屏障的主要结构, 该 纤连蛋白带缺失所导致的免疫屏障功能破坏是免疫性 RSA的病因。
为了研究免疫性 RSA 患者滋养细胞层外的纤连蛋白带缺陷的原 因, 本发明人用检测纤连蛋白抗体的试剂盒检测了 30例有人流病史 的早期继发 RSA患者血清中的抗 FN抗体,结果与对照组相比无统计 学差异。 但令人惊异的是, 本发明人发现这些患者血清中抗 2号染色 体 (含 FN编码基因 ) 的抗核抗体水平 (按实施例 2所述方法测定) 与对照组相比明显升高 (见表 2 ) 。
因此本发明人对免疫性 RSA 的发病机制提出如下假说: 在对妊 娠进行人工干预例如人工流产的过程中, 胚胎细胞破裂, 配偶来源的 处于表达状态的 .FN编码基因作为抗原被递呈给母体的免疫系统 , 产 生抗 FN编码基因的抗核抗体。 与同一配偶再次怀孕时, 抗 FN编码 基因的抗核抗体进入滋养细胞, 与处于表达状态的 FN基因结合, 封 闭该基因, 使胚胎滋养层细胞外的纤连蛋白不能正常形成, 胎盘免疫 屏障的完整性被破坏,从而母体对胚胎产生排斥反应,胚胎停止发育, 流产发生。
FN是一种大分子多功能糖蛋白, 存在于结締組织、 细胞表面、 细胞浆和其它体液中。 已有研究发现胚胎滋养细胞外存在 FN带, 但 认为它仅在胎盘与蜕膜的连接 [Ronald F. Feinberg, Harvey J. Kliman, and Charles J. Lockwood, Is Oncofetal Fibronectin a Trophoblast Glue for Human Implantation? American Journal of Pathology, Vol. 138, No. 3, March 1991]、 滋养细胞在蜕膜中的移动和侵袭中起作用 [Chakraborty C, Gleeson LM, McKinnon T, Lala PK. , Regulation of human trophoblast migration and invasiveness. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2002 Feb; 80(2): 116-24. Review.].还有研究认为检测孕妇宫颈分泌物中的 FN水 平能够预测早产 [Koenn ME., Fetal fibronectin, Clin Lab Sci. 2002 Spring; 15(2):96-85 115]。 但现有技术对于 FN在胚胎免疫屏障中的作 用没有明确的认识。 1995年通过放射自显影技术证实了人类 FN基因 位于 2号染色体长臂 3区 4带 (2q34 ) 。
本发明人在上述对免疫性 RSA发病机制的研究基础上, 进行了 进一步的深入研究, 试图寻找对免疫性 RSA 的有效治疗方法。 结果 惊人地发现, 给免疫性早期继发 RSA 患者怀孕前注射配偶来源的含 FN编码基因的 2号染色体, 可以有效地降低患者外周血中抗 2号染 色体的抗核抗体水平 (表 2 ) 。 更令人惊异的是, 通过孕前和 /或孕中 显著降低所述抗核抗体水平, 可以使免疫性 RSA 患者正常妊娠和生 育。
表 2 治疗前后免疫性 RS A患者血清抗核抗体水平的变化
Figure imgf000007_0001
因此, 本发明证明了免疫性反复自然流产与患者体内的抗核抗体 水平直接相关, 可以通过降低体内的抗核抗体水平来治疗免疫性反复 自然流产。
因此, 本发明因此提供一种治疗个体反复自然流产的方法, 其包 括给予需要治疗的个体治疗有效量的能够降低体内抗核抗体水平的 物质。 所述能够降低体内抗核抗体水平的物质例如可以是来自待治疗 个体之配偶的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基因的片段, 或者来 自多个男性的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基因的片段的混合 物。 根据本发明的方法, 免疫性 RSA个体的抗核抗体水平可以被降低 并在一定时期内维持在一个妊娠安全水平。 该个体在此安全水平下受 孕并度过妊娠早期即可能完成正常妊娠。 相应地, 本发明涉及能够降低体内抗核抗体水平的物质在制备治 疗反复自然流产的药物中的应用。 所述能够降低体内抗核抗体水平的 物质特别是来自男性的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基因的片 段。 所述 2号染色体或其片段可以是来自待治疗个体的配偶, 或者是 来自多个男性个体的 2号染色体或其片段的混合物。
本发明还提供一种用于治疗个体反复自然流产的药物組合物, 其 特征在于含有治疗有效量的来自所述个体配偶的 2号染色体或其含有 纤连蛋白编码基因的片段, 或者含有治疗有效量的来自多个男性的 2 号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基因的片段混合物。
经临床使用证明, 本发明的药物组合物和治疗方法可以有效地治 疗免疫性 RSA。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中, 使用分离的、 完整 2号染色体。 在本发明的另一优选实施方案中 ,使用从 M期细胞分离的 2号染色 体。
虽不拘于任何理论, 但本发明人认为, 由于免疫性 RSA患者体内 抗 FN编码基因的抗核抗体水平增高使胚胎滋养层细胞外的 FN带不能 正常形成, 因此给患者注射能够降低体内抗核抗体水平的物质使其水 平降低 (例如注射配偶来源的含 FN编码基因的 2号染色体作为抗原中 和相应抗核抗体), 而不足以封闭正在表达的 FN基因。 这样, 妊娠时 胚胎的 FN编码基因能够正常表达, 在滋养层细胞外形成 FN带, 胚胎 免疫屏障形成良好。 使得胚胎能够渡过既往流产妊娠周, 正常发育成 熟。
在本发明药物组合物的一个实施方案中, 使用治疗有效量的来自 多个男性个体的 2号染色体或其片段的混合物。 在本发明的该实施方 案中, 所述多个男性个体的数量例如至少为约 3 , 优选至少为约 5, 更 优选为约 10、 20、 30或更多。 同样, 本发明涉及作为药物的来自多个 男性个体的 2号染色体或其片段的混合物, 所述混合物在制备治疗 RSA药物中的应用, 以及通过给予患者有效量的该混合物治疗 RSA的 方法。 本发明所述下列概念具有如下含义:
个体 (患者): 指包括人的任何哺乳动物雌性个体。
配偶: 指 RSA个体的流产妊娠的性伙伴。
2号染色体:指人的 2号染色体或其他哺乳动物中含 FN编码基因的 类似染色体。 对后一种情况而言; 所述染色体在动物染色体组中的编 号不一定是 2号, 只要其含有 FN编码基因即可。
抗核抗体: 指抗各种细胞核成分的抗体, 特别是按类似于实施例 2的方法测定的抗体。
免疫性 RSA: 指血清中抗核抗体滴度大于 1 : 64的早期继发性反 复自然流产。
抗体滴度 (水平): 指按 ELISA法测定抗体阳性的样品血清的最 大稀释度。
妊娠安全水平: 指比 RS A患者原抗核抗体水平降低至少约 30%、 优选至少约 40%、 更优选至少约 50%、 60%、 70%或以上的抗核抗体水 平, 或者指抗体滴度小于约 1 : 64。
分离的: 指 2号染色体与其他细胞物质 (包括蛋白质、 其他染色 体等)相分离。 以干物质计, 优选其它细胞物质的含量在 10wt%以下, 优选其他细胞物质的含量在 10wt%以下, 更优选在 5%、 4%, 3%、 2%、 甚至 lwt%以下。 优选其他染色体的含量<10 % , 更优选 <1%。
M期 ( mitosis phase ): 从细胞分裂开始到结束的时期。
染色体片段: 含纤连蛋白的编码基因并保留降低本发明抗核抗体 水平之活性的 2号染色体的片段。
本发明的药物组合物或方法中, 可以使用含有 2号染色体或其染 色体片段的染色体混合物, 例如除去了其他细胞成分的全部染色体的 混合物。 但如上所述, 本发明优选使用分离的 2号染色体或其片段。
本发明药物组合物中的 2号染色体可以来自任何种类的体细胞, 优选外周血淋巴细胞。 外周血淋巴细胞可用本领域技术人员熟知的方 法分离。优选在分离染色体之前将来源细胞如外周血淋巴细胞在体外 培养一段时间。 例如, 用常用的细胞培养液如 RPMI-1640或 DMEM培 养液以及胎牛血清在 5 % C02、 37°C±0.5。C细胞培养箱中培养淋巴细胞 一段适宜的时间, 通常为 3到 5天。 在所述细胞培养期间, 可以在培养 液中加入适量的秋水仙素、秋水仙酰胺或长春花碱等能够阻止微管形 成的试剂, 优选秋水仙素, 阻止细胞有丝分裂 (mitosis ), 使细胞停 止在 M期。 可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的化学或物理方法如细胞冻 融、 碱性细胞裂解液、 低渗法等使细胞破裂, 提取全部染色体。 优选 的方法是低渗法。 可以利用本领域技术人员熟知的方法如密度梯度离 心法进一步分离提取完整的 2号染色体, 或通过酶切将含 FN编码基因 的染色体片段剪切下来并纯化。优选染色体或染色体片段在提取后马 上用来配制制剂, 也可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法制成冻干 粉, 低温如 - 70 C储存备用。
本发明药物组合物通常被制成注射剂。 该注射剂可以按常规方法 利用常规无菌注射用水或生理盐水等载体与适宜量的 2号染色体或其 含 FN编码基因的染色体片段混合来制备。 对于该制剂中 2号染色体或 其片段的浓度没有特别限制, 只要最终制剂适合皮下注射即可。 例如 该浓度为约 2- 15条染色体 /油镜视野,优选 5 - 10条染色体 /油镜视野, 更 优选 10条染色体 /油镜视野。 用本发明药物组合物治疗免疫性 RS A时, 一般通过表皮下注射给药, 优选上臂表皮下注射。 每个疗程的注射剂 量和注射次数可以由临床医生确定, 以使患者外周血抗核抗体水平降 低至妊娠安全范围。 例如每次注射 0.5到 2ml含上述浓度 2号染色体或 其片段的注射剂, 每个疗程通常注射 3到 5次, 优选 4次, 30天内完成。 一个疗程结束后, 测定外周血抗核抗体的水平, 如果降至妊娠安全范 围即可受孕。 例如一个疗程后抗核抗体妊娠安全水平可以保持约 3个 月, 在此期间可以安全受孕。 优选地, 怀孕后再进行一个疗程, 以巩 固治疗效果。
本发明的药物組合物和治疗方法已在临床试用, 共治疗 300余例 患者, 治愈率超过 95 % , 至今未发现副作用。 作为治疗免疫性 RSA的 新方法, 下面将本发明基因免疫疗法与已有的淋巴细胞免疫疗法进行 比较 (表 3 )。 表 3 本发明免疫疗法与淋巴细胞免疫疗法的比较
Figure imgf000011_0001
下面结合附图和具体实施例进一步描述本发明, 但本发明的范围 并不受这些附图和实施例的限制。 附图简述
图 1. 电镜观察显示正常对照胎盘标本的滋养层细胞外有一层致 密的蛋白网结构。
图 2. 电镜观察显示 RSA患者胎盘标本的滋养层细胞是棵露的。 本发明的具体实施方案
实施例 1
早期继发 RSA胚胎绒毛外纤连蛋白带的缺失
( 1 )对有人流病史的早期继发 RSA患者再次怀孕进行监测, 当发 现胚胎停育后, 通过药物流产获得具有完整胎盘绒毛的 RSA胚胎标 本。 ( 2 ) 无反复自然流产病史的患者药物流产所获得的胚胎标本作 为对照。
(3) 将胚胎标本用中性 10%福尔马林固定、 脱水、 石蜡包埋, 切成 4~5μιη厚的组织切片, HE染色, 光学显微镜下观察。 发现两种 胚胎组织的镜下结构没有明显差异。
(4)将所获得的新鲜胚胎标本用 2.5%戊二醛固定, 常规方法制 成电镜切片, 透射电镜观察。 发现对照标本的滋养层细胞外有一层致 密的蛋白网结构, 但 RSA患者标本的滋养层细胞是棵露的。 结果见图 1和图 2。
( 5 )用鼠抗人 FN单克隆抗体(购自 DAKO公司, 1: 50专用抗体 稀译液稀释), 以 DAB为显色底物, 常规免疫组化方法检测两种胚胎 标本纤连蛋白的表达。 结果显示对照标本的滋养细胞层与蜕膜之间存 在纤连蛋白带, 并且滋养细胞之间也存在纤连蛋白带; 而 RSA患者标 本的滋养层细胞外纤连蛋白带缺失。 实施例 2
测定早期继发 RS A患者外周血抗核抗体的水平
( 1) 制备来自多名普通男性个体的 2号染色体混合物, 男性个体 数通常 >20名。
(2)用包被緩冲液(0.05M碳酸钠緩冲液, PH9.6)稀释 2号染色 体混合物至浓度为 10条染色体 /油镜视野, 包被聚苯乙烯微量塑料板
(酶标板)。
(3)向每个反应孔中加入用稀释緩冲液(含 0.1%牛血清白蛋白 的 PBS緩冲液(PH7.4)) 按不同比例 ( 1: 64, 1: 128, 1: 256, 1: 512, 1: 1024)稀释的患者血清稀释液 50微升, 37°C下反应 30分钟, 用 PBS缓冲液 (PH7.4) 洗涤 2次。
(4) 向每个反应孔中加入辣根过氧化物酶标记的鼠抗人 IgG抗 体 (购自 DAKO公司) 50微升, 37°C反应 30分钟, 然后用 PBS緩 冲液 (PH7.4) 洗涤 2次。 ( 5 ) 向每个反应孔中加入常规方法新鲜配制的 TMB ( 3,3',5,5' 四甲替联苯胺)底物溶液 0.1ml, 37°C反应 10到 30分钟。
( 6)用酶标仪读取每个反应孔的 OD值, 以测定抗核抗体水平; 或者以肉眼可观察到显色反应的血清最大稀释度确定抗核抗体的滴 度。
当血清稀释比例>1: 64 时仍有显色反应的视为阳性, 有临床意 义。 实施例 3
本发明药物组合物的制备
( 1 )取患者配偶静脉血 80ml, 加适量肝素 ( 5000IU) 抗凝。
(2) 将 80ml静脉血分至 16个试管, 每个试管 5ml, 每个试管 中加入 5ml Ficoll淋巴细胞分离液(购自华美公司), 2000转 /分钟离 心 10分钟, 弃上清, 加入 lOmlPBS緩冲液(PH7.6)重悬淋巴细胞。 将淋巴细胞悬浮液以 5000转 /分钟离心 10分钟, 弃上清。重复此过程 1次。 向淋巴细胞沉淀加入 10ml RPMI-1640培养液, 转移至细胞培 养瓶内, 再加入 10ml培养液。
( 3 )在 37°C±0.5。C、 5%C02恒温箱中培养淋巴细胞 4天。 第三 天时向每个培养瓶内加入 40 g/ml秋水仙素溶液 0.05到 0,lml,继续 培养一天。 第四天时将贴壁生长的细胞吹起, 5000 转 /分钟离心悬浮 液 10分钟, 弃上清, 留取沉淀的细胞。
(4) 向沉淀的淋巴细胞中加入 5ml 0.06wt°/c^ KC1溶液, 悬浮 沉淀的淋巴细胞, 室温静置 30分钟, 以 10000转 /分钟离心 10分钟, 弃上清。
( 5 ) 用 5mlPBS緩冲液( PH7.6 ) 洗涤淋巴细胞裂解物 2次。
(6) 用 5ml PBS 緩冲液(PH7.6) 重悬淋巴细胞裂解物, 加入 10ml 50%蔗糖分离液, 以 5000转 /分钟离心 10分钟, 留上清。
( 7) 向上清液中加入 10ml 40%蔗糖分离液, 以 5000转 /分钟离 心 10分钟, 保留沉淀。 ) 用 2 ml PBS緩冲液(PH7.6 ) 洗涤沉淀 2 .次。
( 9 )用 lml生理盐水将 20ml外周血制得的沉淀制成悬浮液, - 20
。C冷冻保存。每一次免疫治疗用 20ml配偶血液制成的悬浮液上臂表皮 下注射。
注意: 所有操作过程及所用试剂均应保持无菌。 实施例 4
治疗病例 1
患者就诊时已结婚 5年。 1993 ~ 1995年间第 1、 2次怀孕均在孕 7周 时行人工流产终止妊娠。 1996年第 3次怀孕准备生育, 但在孕 8周时腹 痛后阴道出血, B超提示胎停育, 继而流产。 1997 ~ 1998年间共怀孕 两次, 均在孕 7周时出现阴道血性分泌物。 曾用黄体酮中药保胎治疗, 出血停止。 孕 10周时 B超提示胎停育, 行药物流产, 胚胎相当于 7周; 1998年 1月后至治疗前人工避孕。 治疗前按照实施例 2的方法测定外周 血抗核抗体水平为 1 : 128。 '
在 1998年 9月 6日、 1998年 9月 12日、 1998年 9月 25日和 1998年 10月 19日对患者分别 4次皮下接种按照实施例 3的方法利用其配偶染色体 制备的本发明药物组合物。 前三次接种后皮肤局部反应强度为 ++++, 第四次反应强度为 ++。第四次治疗后经测定患者外周血抗核抗体水平 下降至 1 : 64。
患者于 1999年 9月分娩一个 2800克重的健康男婴。
实施例 5
治疗病例 2
患者就诊时已结婚 4年。 1995年首次怀孕, 在孕 7周左右行人工流 产终止妊娠。 1996年 8月第 2次怀孕, 准备生育, 但在孕 7周时腹痛后 阴道出血, B超提示胎停育, 继而完全流产。 1997年 1月和 1997年 6月 第 3、 4次怀孕, 分别在孕 8周和孕 7周时阴道出现血性分泌物, 曾用含 黄体酮的中药治疗, 出血停止, 孕 10周时 B超提示胎停育, 行药物流 产, 胚胎相当于 8周。 1997年 7月后人工避孕至就诊时。 治疗前按照实 施例 2的方法测定, 患者外周血抗核抗体水平为 1 : 1024。
在 1999年 6月 25日、 1999年 7月 12日、 1999年 7月 28日和 1999年 8月 12日对患者分别进行 4次皮下接种利用其配偶染色体按照实施例 3的 方法制备的本发明药物组合物。 前三次接种后皮肤局部反应强度为 ++++, 第四次反应强度为 ++。 经测定, 第四次治疗后患者外周血抗 核抗体氷平下降至 1 : 64。
患者于 2000年 5月分娩一个 3000克重的健康男婴。 实施例 6
本发明的药物和方法曾获准在中国多家医院进行临床试用, 共治 疗以早期继发 RSA、 有人工流产史、 外周血特定抗核抗体升高 (>1: 64 ) 为标准收治的 300 多例病人, 治愈率〉95%。 除在上臂皮下接种 处出现局部红、 肿、 热、 痛等正常治疗反应外, 未发现任何副作用。 本发明方法的治疗效果与文献报道的淋巴细胞免疫疗法的结果比较 如下。
表 4 本发明免疫疗法与淋巴细胞免疫疗法治疗 RSA的效果比较
Figure imgf000015_0001
1) Cauchi MN et al" Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1991 ; 25: 16。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种用于治疗个体反复自然流产的药物组合物, 其特征在于 其含有治疗有效量的来自所述个体配偶的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋 白编码基因的片段。
2、 根据权利要求 1的药物组合物, 其特征在于其含有分离的完整 2号染色体。
3、 根据权利要求 2的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述 2号染色体是 分离自 M期体细胞的 2号染色体。
4、 一种用于治疗个体反复自然流产的药物组合物, 其特征在于 其含有治疗有效量的来自多个男性个体的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋 白编码基因的片段的混合物。
5、 根据权利要求 4的药物组合物, 其特征在于其含有分离的完整 2号染色体。
6、 根据权利要求 5的药物組合物 , 其特征在于所述 2号染色体是 分离自 M期体细胞的 2号染色体。
7、 根据权利要求 4的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述多个男性个体 是指 3名以上男性个体。
8、 根据权利要求 4的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述多个男性个体 是指 10名以上男性个体。
9、 根据权利要求 4的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述多个男性个体 是指 20名以上男性个体。
10、 作为药物的男性 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基因的片 段。
11、 能够降低体内抗核抗体水平的物质在制备治疗反复自然流产 的药物中的应用。
12、 权利要求 11的应用, 其中所述能够降低体内抗核抗体水平的 物质是来自男性的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基因的片段。
13、 一种治疗个体反复自然流产的方法, 其包括给予需要治疗的 个体治疗有效量的能够降低体内抗核抗体水平的物质。
14、 根据权利要求 13的方法, 其中所述能够降低体内抗核抗体水 平的物质是来自所述个体配偶的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基 因的片段。
15、 根据权利要求 14的方法, 其特征在于其中给予分离的完整 2 号染色体。
16、 根据权利要求 15的方法, 其特征在于所述 2号染色体是分离 自 M期体细胞的 2号染色体。
17、 根据权利要求 13的方法, 其中所述能够降低体内抗核抗体水 平的物质是来自多个男性个体的 2号染色体或其含有纤连蛋白编码基 因的片段的混合物。
18、 根据权利要求 17的方法 , 其特征在于其中给予分离的完整 2 号染色体的混合物。
19、 根据权利要求 18的方法 , 其特征在于所述 2号染色体是分离 自 M期体细胞的 2号染色体。
20、 根据权利要求 17的方法, 其特征在于所述多个男性个体是指 3名以上男性个体。
21、 根据权利要求 20的方法, 其特征在于所述多个男性个体是指 10名以上男性个体。
22、 根据权利要求 21的方法, 其特征在于所述多个男性个体是指 0名以上男性个体。
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