WO2005078146A1 - Procede de raffinage de zinc enrichi a l'oxygene et four de fusion associe - Google Patents

Procede de raffinage de zinc enrichi a l'oxygene et four de fusion associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005078146A1
WO2005078146A1 PCT/CN2005/000083 CN2005000083W WO2005078146A1 WO 2005078146 A1 WO2005078146 A1 WO 2005078146A1 CN 2005000083 W CN2005000083 W CN 2005000083W WO 2005078146 A1 WO2005078146 A1 WO 2005078146A1
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Prior art keywords
furnace
zinc
electric
gas
lead
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PCT/CN2005/000083
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Chengzhang Lai
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Chengzhang Lai
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Publication of WO2005078146A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005078146A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B19/00Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group
    • F27B19/04Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group arranged for associated working
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/006Starting from ores containing non ferrous metallic oxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/02Making special pig-iron, e.g. by applying additives, e.g. oxides of other metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/02Preliminary treatment of ores; Preliminary refining of zinc oxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/32Refining zinc
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/08Apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a highly oxygen-enriched zinc smelting method, in particular, it can directly and simultaneously smelt refined zinc using roasted zinc oxide ore and native lead oxide zinc ore, and can produce refined zinc powder at one time.
  • Smelting method capable of smelting nonferrous and ferrous metals such as iron and crude lead, cadmium, and gas, and a high-oxygen closed zinc smelting furnace.
  • Zinc smelting technology is currently known for hundreds of years. Zinc smelting methods are divided into two types: zinc by fire and zinc by wet. According to the main equipment used, the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting is further divided into: flat tank zinc smelting, vertical tank smelting, blast furnace smelting and electric furnace smelting. According to the current zinc smelting methods in the world, the technology of blast furnace zinc smelting is more advanced. It has fast smelting speed and high output. According to Central South Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Changsha Nonferrous Metallurgical Design Institute, Beijing Nonferrous Metallurgical Design Institute and Ministry of Metallurgical Industry Technical information provided by the Institute of Information Standards.
  • blast furnace zinc smelting method is actually a blast furnace smelting lead-zinc sinter and obtaining zinc and lead simultaneously. It is a new achievement in the technology of pyrometallurgical zinc smelting. Since its trial production at the Awangmouth plant in the United Kingdom in 1950, such blast furnaces have now appeared in many countries and regions. The largest furnace tuyere area is 28 square meters, with an annual production of 120,000 tons of zinc.
  • the blast furnace zinc smelting is mainly composed of three processes: sintering roasting, sintered block reduction melting and zinc vapor condensation.
  • Sintering and roasting mainly transforms zinc sulfide and lead sulfide into zinc oxide and lead oxide, and sinters them into blocks to adapt to blast furnace refining. Sintering is performed on a belt sintering machine (same as a lead sintering machine).
  • the charge must be preheated.
  • the sintered block and coke that have been preheated to over 700 ° C are added to the furnace to reduce the zinc oxide and lead oxide in the high temperature area of the furnace.
  • Lead has a high boiling point (1525 ° C), which is reduced to form liquid lead.
  • the reduced zinc is mixed with the furnace gas as a vapor and enters the condenser from the upper part of the furnace to condense into liquid metal zinc.
  • Liquid lead is deposited on the bottom of the furnace (hearth), and slag also accumulates on the bottom of the furnace. This crude lead and slag are regularly released.
  • the blast air In order to achieve a sufficiently high temperature in the furnace, the blast air must be preheated to above 700 ° C.
  • the furnace gas from the blast furnace generally contains low zinc vapor (only about 6%), contains more than 20% carbon monoxide, and contains more than 10% carbon dioxide. Due to the high concentration of carbon dioxide, there is a danger that zinc vapor will be oxidized by carbon dioxide to zinc oxide. In order to avoid this bad environmental situation, the following measures must be taken: (1) Keep the temperature of the tapping gas above 1000 ° C. To this end, preheated air is also introduced in the upper part of the furnace, so that part of the carbon monoxide in the furnace gas is burned to increase the temperature of the furnace gas; (2) liquid lead is used to condense zinc vapor. This type of condenser is called a lead rain condenser.
  • lead rain fine droplets
  • the zinc-containing lead solution was discharged from the condenser, and after cooling to 450 ° C, one part of the zinc dissolved in the lead was analyzed, and it was divided into two layers due to the difference in specific gravity.
  • the upper layer was zinc, which was released into a cast Zinc ingot, the lower layer is lead, use a lead pump to drive it into the condenser and reuse it.
  • the use of lead rain condensers is a key factor in promoting the use of zinc in blast furnaces.
  • the main advantages of the sealed blast furnace smelting method are that it can handle difficult-to-select lead-zinc sulfide or oxidized ores, and produce lead and zinc at the same time, with large output, low thermal efficiency, and low investment per unit metal output. But things are always divided in two.
  • the current problems of the blast furnace are: strict operating conditions are required; the sintered block must be preheated; the lead in the sintered block must not be too high and the zinc produced must be further refined.
  • the relevant data of the 17.2m 2 zinc smelting blast furnace commonly used abroad is as follows ;
  • the present invention provides a highly oxygen-enriched zinc smelting method, and the technical solution of the present invention-
  • a highly oxygen-enriched zinc smelting method according to the present invention is further described below.
  • Raw material pretreatment The ore is made into a pellet of ⁇ 60 ⁇ by the existing technology, and it is burned to 700 ⁇ in a sintering furnace for future use.
  • Feeding and heating Add fuel from the blast furnace hopper 6 to make a fire. After the fire is large, add a certain amount of coke, start the oxygen generator, purge a small amount of oxygen and gradually increase the amount of oxygen. After it is large, the furnace is preheated to 500-600 ° C, and coke is continuously added to the furnace. After installing about 1/3 of the blast furnace cavity, the electric furnace switch is turned on and the coke is placed in the electric furnace. Hopper 6 adds raw materials to the furnace: The roasted ore is made into a size of 30-50 mm and coke is crushed into a size of 60-80 mm. The ore powder and coke powder are mixed according to 5: 3 and loaded into the blast furnace hopper. 6 within.
  • Enrich oxygen Start the other two oxygen generators 4 and gradually increase the air volume; and start the exhaust fan 11 at the same time to exhaust the flue gas. After a period of time, you can know that the charge is full. A certain amount of coke is added to the carbon bucket 5.
  • thermometer 32 From the high thermometer 32 in the upper and middle of the blast furnace, the temperature in the blast furnace cavity is constantly rising. When the temperature rises to 1000'C, the electric furnace switch on the operation console 18 is started to make the electrodes of the electric furnace start to discharge. And gradually increase, and at the same time increase the oxygen volume of the oxygen generator relatively, until the high temperature thermometer 13 of the blast furnace shows 1400 ° C, maintain the air volume, and increase the current of the electrodes in the electric furnace relatively, until the electric furnace High-temperature thermometer 32, after displaying 1100 ° C-1200 ° C, keep the discharge amount;
  • the metal in the ore in the furnace cavity is forced to heat up to 1300-1500 ° C.
  • the high temperature carbon and carbon monoxide formed in the furnace cavity generate a reduction reaction with the oxidized metal at high temperature to generate liquid metal lead and iron.
  • the gaseous substances and dust in the electric furnace are sucked into the zinc zinc flue port connected to the upper part of the electric furnace by the exhaust fan, and then the inverted 1 # lead condenser is used.
  • Condensation Control the temperature of the 1 # lead condenser at 950 ° C—910 ° C, condense the lead vapor in the outgas to liquid lead and release, and control the temperature of the 2 # zinc condenser at 850 ⁇ —800 ° C zinc vapor
  • the liquid zinc that has been cooled down flows into the zinc accumulation pool, and the cast zinc ingots are periodically released, so that the refined zinc is smelted at one time, and the carbon monoxide in the furnace gas is collected and used after being washed in the washing yard.
  • Power frequency furnace smelting High boiling point metal pig iron, crude lead and slag reduced from the blast furnace flow from the lower part of the blast furnace into the electric heating furnace below, and then use electrical energy to convert heat energy, melting them into liquid, and layering according to the specific gravity from the electric furnace The slag and yellow slag flow out in the upper layer, pig iron flows out in the middle layer, and the crude lead flowing into the lead pool from the bottom layer flows out from the lead outlet. The electric energy can never be stored in the furnace body.
  • Gas washing and recovery The gas washed out from the washing plant is sent to the gas desiccant 38 for drying, and then input into the gas cabinet 39 after drying.
  • the gas compressor 40 sucks the gas out of the gas tank 39 and compresses it into high-pressure gas.
  • the liquid zinc in the liquid zinc tank 41 is sprayed into zinc powder into a closed zinc powder cabinet 42 for storage and canning.
  • the cadmium vapor is pumped into the 3 # condenser 9 together with the boiler gas, and the 3 # water condenser cools the cadmium vapor to cadmium in the cadmium pool 12 and periodically discharges and collects the furnace gas and dust into the dust collector 14, and the dust collector layer After the dust is accumulated, it is regularly discharged and collected, and the exhaust gas enters the air extractor 16 and is sent to the gas scrubber through the exhaust pipe.
  • the oxygen-enriched zinc smelting method is further explained:
  • electric furnace includes electric arc furnace, electric heating furnace, electric frequency furnace, electric frequency furnace is divided into industrial frequency furnace and high frequency furnace, the heating elements of electric heating furnace are divided into silicon carbide Heating furnaces and resistance wire furnaces. These furnaces are devices that convert electrical energy into thermal energy.
  • the coke added to the electric furnace uses the thermal energy converted by the electrical energy to heat the coke and maintain it at 1000-1200 ° C.
  • the gaseous substances and dust in the electric furnace are sucked by the exhaust fan to the smoke and zinc tunnel mouth connected to the upper part of the electric furnace, and then the inverted 1 # lead condenser is used.
  • the zinc deposit pool is used to deposit zinc and use the liquid zinc in the temperature-adjusting electric furnace under the pool to heat the zinc in the 800-830 ⁇ Keep it in between, so that the cadmium flowing through the zinc pool is fully evaporated, and the dust in the gas is pumped into the 3 # cadmium water condenser together.
  • the 5.3 # water condenser uses water as an indirect condensate, cools the cadmium vapor to obtain cadmium, and collects it in the cadmium pool, which is regularly discharged for collection. Dust and carbon monoxide in the outgas are pumped into the dust collector.
  • the dust collector is specially used to collect dust. After the dust is accumulated, the other gas is drawn into the exhaust fan by the exhaust fan.
  • the function of the exhaust fan is to use electric energy to suck out the gas and dust from the electric furnace. After being processed by the above equipment, the exhaust gas is drawn to the exhaust fan and then sent to the gas scrubber through the exhaust pipe and electric exhaust valve.
  • Gas scrubber collect the carbon monoxide after washing the out-gas, and use it.
  • the gas tank is pumped into the air compressor through an oxygen pipe to compress it to an atmospheric pressure of 4-6P. It is ejected from the air outlet, and the liquid zinc flowing out of the liquid zinc tank is sprayed and sprayed into powdery zinc powder. The zinc powder is sealed. In the cabinet. Tinned fine zinc powder is shipped from the factory.
  • the gas sucked in by the blower is blown into the bag filter, and the finer zinc powder is collected and used by the dust removal, and the gas is collected and used again.
  • High-boiling-point metal pig iron, crude lead, and slag reduced from the blast furnace flows from the lower part of the blast furnace into the electric furnace below, and then is converted into thermal energy by electric energy, melts them into a liquid, and flows out of the electric furnace according to the specific gravity, and the upper layer
  • the slag and yellow slag are flowing out, pig iron is flowing out in the middle layer, and the crude lead flowing into the lead pool from the bottom layer flows out from the lead outlet, and the electric energy can always ensure that the furnace body does not accumulate.
  • the main body of this high oxygen-enriched closed smelting zinc smelting furnace is an organic combination of an electric heating furnace with holes on the bottom of the furnace, a blast furnace with a cap on the bottom, an electric frequency furnace and an oxygen system under the furnace.
  • the detailed part is appealed by the instruction manual.
  • the oxygen inlet of the oxygen generator is connected to the outside, intermediate feeding and carbon addition are performed under closed conditions. All parts of the whole furnace are operated under closed conditions.
  • the whole furnace also has a material transportation system and a lifting system. The ore roasting system, raw material forming system, and water supply and drainage system have not been described in detail.
  • the oxygen-rich zinc smelting furnace is an electric heating furnace with holes on the bottom, a blast furnace underneath, a power frequency furnace under the furnace, and an organic combined zinc smelting furnace.
  • the outer periphery and top of the electric furnace and the outer periphery of the blast furnace are welded with steel plates.
  • the top electric furnace cover is covered with refractory bricks.
  • the outer furnace of the blast furnace is re-used with steel plates.
  • Two hoppers 6 are rolled with steel plates ( ⁇ 800) consists of the feeding cover 23 and the hopper valve 22.
  • the connection between the two hoppers and the blast furnace is by electric welding.
  • the carbon hopper 5 is made of steel pipe ( ⁇ 600).
  • the steel pipe is welded on the electric furnace cover, and has a carbon bucket cover and a carbon bucket valve, which are directly connected to the electrode cavity in the electric heating furnace.
  • the electric heating furnace 1 is connected by a transformer 19, a control panel 18, and a cable 33.
  • the two smoke and zinc crossings are made of steel.
  • Graphite carbon bricks are used to form a circular masonry along the bottom of the electric heating furnace, separated by refractory bricks.
  • the middle is composed of the upper hole of the blast furnace ( ⁇ 980).
  • the blast furnace cavity ( ⁇ 1180) is made of refractory brick.
  • the outside is a steel plate, and there are two slag outlet holes 31 alternately used below, a power frequency furnace below, and a lead pool 28—one lead outlet 29 below.
  • the blast system consists of an oxygen generator 4, an inlet pipe 34, and an inlet pipe valve 22, which are distributed under the blast furnace.
  • the two sets of smoke exhaust system and condenser system are composed of smoke zinc port and inverted 1 # condenser.
  • the square area of stainless steel pipe is equal to the square area of the zinc port.
  • the 2tt condenser zinc pool 15 is made of stainless steel. Each tank can hold liquid zinc 0.8To there is a temperature-adjusting electric furnace 13 under the zinc deposit pool.
  • the zinc accumulation pool 11 is surrounded by a heat insulation layer. There are zinc outlets and thermometers 32 inside and outside the pool.
  • the 3 # water condenser 9 is connected to the accumulation pool 12. Two are equipped with a matching soot processor 14, an exhaust fan 16, etc.
  • a high-temperature thermometer 32, an exhaust fan 16, a smoke exhaust pipe, and a smoke exhaust pipe freezing 22 are respectively installed on the top of the electric heating furnace and the upper and middle of the blast furnace, and the carbon monoxide in the discharged flue gas is transported as fuel for roasting ore.
  • To produce zinc powder collect a part of the gas cabinet 39 from the washing plant 17 and store it in the air compressor.
  • the high-pressure gas extracted from the cabinet and compressed into 4 to 6 atmospheres is sprayed into the liquid zinc tank 41 through a gas pipe, and the liquid zinc is sprayed into zinc powder to be densely stored in the zinc powder cabinet 42 and packaged for shipment.
  • the furnace is connected by welding or bolting.
  • the switches of the electrical part and the display of the thermometer are installed on the operation control screen 18 and materials and equipment are used to form an oxygen-rich zinc smelting furnace. Except for the air inlet part of the blast system and the air outlet part of the flue system, which communicate with the outside world, all parts of the whole furnace operate in a closed condition.
  • the material transportation system and hoisting system of the whole furnace, the ore roasting system, and the raw material forming system, the supply and drainage system, the power supply system, the environmental protection processing system, the preheating sintering furnace, and the gas scrubber do not directly belong to the invention. So no more explanation here.
  • the high-oxygen smelting zinc furnace is divided into three types: large, medium and small zinc furnaces with an annual output of more than 60,000 tons of zinc, medium-sized furnaces with an annual output of more than 30,000 tons of zinc, and small-scale smelting furnaces with an annual output of 10,000 tons of zinc. the above.
  • the beneficial effect of the oxygen-enriched zinc smelting method of the present invention is that it overcomes the problems existing in the current method and technology of zinc smelting in the fire method.
  • the air must be preheated to 700 ° C before entering the furnace for smelting; For condensate, etc., sintering the ore with a roaster has great pollution.
  • the smelted zinc is still crude zinc, and it is sent to the refinery for refining.
  • the high-oxygen smelting zinc method has made major innovations in the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting technology and process: the oxygen-rich gas used is smelted at room temperature, and liquid liquid is not used as condensate, but water and air are used as indirect condensate and gas.
  • the oxygen-rich gas used is smelted at room temperature, and liquid liquid is not used as condensate, but water and air are used as indirect condensate and gas.
  • a fire is started. After the fire is large, a certain amount of coke is added to start the system. Oxygen machine, inject a small amount of oxygen and gradually increase the amount of oxygen. After the coke flame is large, the furnace is preheated to a certain degree. Continue to add coke into the furnace. After installing 1/3 of the blast furnace cavity, start the electric heating furnace. Switch, put coke into the electric heating furnace, and then continuously feed raw materials into the furnace through the hopper 6: It is pulverized by roasting ore (30-50 size) and coke pulverized (60-80 ) Specification size, mix 5: 3 mixed raw materials into hopper 6 into blast furnace. Start the other two oxygen generators 4 and gradually increase the air volume.
  • the exhaust fan 11 is started at the same time, and the flue gas is discharged outward. After a period of time, it can be known that the charging material has been filled. A certain amount of coke is added to the carbon bucket 5. From the high thermometer 32 in the upper and middle of the blast furnace, the temperature in the blast furnace cavity is continuously rising. When the temperature rises to 100 ° C, the electric furnace switch on the operation console 18 is started, so that the electrodes of the electric furnace begin to discharge and gradually increase. At the same time, the oxygen volume of the oxygen generator is relatively increased until the high temperature thermometer 13 of the blast furnace shows 1400 ⁇ , and the air volume is maintained. The current of the electrodes in the electric furnace is relatively increased until the electric thermometer 32 of the electric furnace. After displaying 110CTC—1200 ⁇ , keep the discharge amount. At this time, the high-oxygen smelting zinc method has entered a normal operating state, and after a period of time, the son-in-law started to lead, lead, and iron.
  • the raw materials are pretreated according to the existing technology: (the roasted ore is powder, using 20% bonding solution, 20% carbon powder, 1% grass powder, After mixing, use a briquette machine to make a pellet of ⁇ 60, and then burn it to 700 ° C in a sintering furnace before smelting). Put the raw materials into hopper 6, then cover the hopper cover 23, then open the feeding valve 22, The raw materials enter the blast furnace, the hopper valve 22 is closed, and the next feed is added, so that it can be sealed from the outside.
  • the coke added to the carbon bucket is also preheated to about 700 ⁇ in a preheating furnace and added to the electric furnace to supplement the carbon consumed during the reduction of carbon dioxide to reduce the loss of graphite carbon bricks.
  • Raw materials decrease and settle down during the smelting process. Under gravity, raw materials are continuously added to the furnace.
  • the electric furnace generates high temperature during operation.
  • the temperature in the blast furnace is as high as 1400 ° C—1500 ° C. Under the condition that the ore is forced to heat, it can get 1300 ° C—1400 ° C by continuous heating.
  • the oxygen content produced by the oxygen generator 4 is 80% -99.5%, and the oxygen-enriched gas is input into the intake pipe 30, and then enters the blast furnace, which increases the furnace temperature and reduces the amount of carbon used.
  • Reducing the nitrogen content in the intake air so that during the smelting process, the loss of thermal energy in the furnace reduces the electrode of the electric furnace, and the discharge is generated on the blast furnace gas outlet to generate thermal energy (high temperature of 1100 ⁇ -1200 ° C).
  • Oxidation Zinc, cadmium, lead vapor, and other gases, dust, and other gases, dust, and other gases and dust flowing above the electric furnace continuously flow through the # 1 condenser, which can reduce the output gas. Up to 950 ° C — Between 910 ° C, the lead vapor is cooled to liquid zinc, and the lead flows into the lead pool. The 2 # condenser 8 can cool the exit gas to 850-800 ° C, and the zinc vapor is cooled to liquid zinc and flows into the zinc pool 11.
  • the temperature-adjustable electric furnace 13 at the bottom of the zinc pool can keep the temperature of liquid zinc (800 ⁇ —830 ° C monitored by thermometer 32) and keep it. In this way, the cadmium vapor is fully evaporated to the 3 # water condenser 9, and cadmium is obtained after cooling.
  • the cadmium accumulation pool 12 was collected and regularly discharged and collected.
  • the zinc accumulation pool released refined zinc liquid. (Zinc content is 99.9% -99.99%)
  • the refined zinc ingots were cast into products.
  • the dust was collected by the dust collector 14 A small amount of zinc oxide can be returned to the furnace for refining.
  • the high-boiling-point metal pig iron, crude lead, and slag reduced in the blast furnace flows from the lower part of the blast furnace into the electric heating furnace below, and then is converted into heat by electrical energy, which melts them into a liquid state
  • the electric furnace flows out in layers according to the specific gravity.
  • the top layer flows out of slag and yellow slag
  • the middle layer flows out of pig iron
  • the crude lead flowing into the lead pool from the bottom flows out from the lead outlet.
  • the electric energy is permanently stored in the furnace body.
  • the iron is discharged.
  • the iron port 30 is released.
  • the lead in the furnace bottom lead pool 28 is regularly discharged and cast into a coarse lead ingot.
  • the slag is regularly discharged from the slag discharge hole 31, and is converted into a fine slag by water crushing and sent to a cement plant.
  • the main body of this high oxygen-enriched closed smelting zinc smelting furnace is an organic combination of an electric heating furnace with holes on the bottom of the furnace, a blast furnace with a cap on the bottom, an electric frequency furnace and an oxygen system under the furnace.
  • the oxygen inlet of the oxygen generator is connected to the outside, intermediate feeding and carbon addition are performed under closed conditions, and all parts of the whole furnace are operated under closed conditions.
  • the whole furnace also has a material transportation system and a lifting system, The ore roasting system, the raw material forming system, and the water supply and drainage system are all existing technologies and cannot be described in detail.
  • the full picture pure oxygen smelting zinc method is an electric heating furnace with holes on the bottom, a blast furnace below, a power frequency furnace under the furnace, and an organic-combined zinc smelting furnace.
  • the outer periphery and top of the electric furnace and the outer periphery of the blast furnace are welded with steel plates.
  • the top electric furnace cover is covered with refractory bricks.
  • the outer furnace of the blast furnace is re-used with steel plates.
  • Two hoppers 6 are rolled with steel plates ( ⁇ 800) consists of the feeding cover 23 and the hopper valve 22. The two hoppers are connected to the blast furnace by electric welding.
  • the carbon hopper 5 is made of steel pipe ( ⁇ 600).
  • the steel pipe is welded on the electric furnace cover, and has a carbon bucket cover and a carbon bucket valve, which are directly connected to the electrode cavity in the electric heating furnace.
  • the electric heating furnace 1 is connected by a transformer 19, a control panel 18, and a cable 33.
  • the two smoke zinc crossings are made of steel.
  • Graphite carbon bricks are used to form a circular masonry along the bottom of the electric furnace. They are separated by refractory bricks.
  • the middle consists of the upper hole of the blast furnace ( ⁇ 980).
  • the outside is a steel plate, and there are two slag discharge holes 31 alternately used below, a power frequency furnace under it, and a lead pool 28—and a lead outlet 29.
  • the blast system consists of an oxygen generator 4, an inlet pipe 34, and an inlet pipe valve 22, which are distributed under the blast furnace.
  • the two sets of smoke exhaust system and condenser system are composed of smoke and zinc airway opening and inverted 1 # condenser.
  • the square area of stainless steel pipe is equal to that of smoke and zinc opening.
  • 2 # condenser zinc pool 15 is made of stainless steel. 8T ⁇ Each pool can hold liquid zinc 0.8T.
  • the zinc accumulation pool 11 is surrounded by a heat insulation layer.
  • the 3 # water condenser 9 is connected to the accumulation pool 12. Two are equipped with a matching soot processor 14, an exhaust fan 16, etc.
  • a high temperature thermometer 32 is installed on the top of the electric furnace and the upper and middle of the blast furnace 32, the exhaust fan 16, the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe are frozen 22.
  • the two carbon monoxide in the discharged flue gas are transported as fuel for roasting ore.
  • To produce zinc powder collect a part of the gas cabinet 39 from the washing plant 17 and store it in the air compressor.
  • the air compressor is pumped into 40, extracted from the cabinet and compressed into high pressure gas of 4 to 6 atmospheres, and sprayed to the liquid zinc tank 41 through the gas pipe.
  • the liquid zinc is sprayed to form zinc powder, which is densely stored in a zinc powder cabinet 42 and packaged before shipment.
  • the furnace is connected by welding or bolting.
  • thermometer displays are installed on the operation control panel 18 and materials and equipment are used to form an oxygen-rich zinc smelting furnace. Except for the air inlet part of the blast system and the air outlet part of the flue system, which are in communication with the outside world, all parts of the whole furnace are operated in a closed condition.
  • the material transportation system and hoisting system of the whole furnace, the ore roasting system, and the raw material forming system, the supply and drainage system, the power supply system, the environmental protection processing system, the preheating sintering furnace, and the gas scrubber are all existing technologies and do not directly belong to this invention. So no more explanation here.
  • the above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is built using the principle of a high oxygen-enriched closed zinc smelting furnace.
  • the blast furnace is used for smelting and reducing metals, and the furnace gas is sent to various furnaces. Carbon is heated to high temperatures with various energy sources to reduce carbon dioxide.
  • the above design of the present invention is the best design solution, but regardless of the volume of the furnace and the various forms of the deformation furnace, the carbon dioxide in the furnace gas is reduced to carbon monoxide with various energy and a variety of energy sources are added under the blast furnace to reduce the reduction. Methods for heating iron, lead, slag, and the like into a liquid state fall within the scope of the present invention.

Description

一种高富氧炼锌法及高富氧密闭式炼锌炉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高富氧炼锌法,尤其是能用焙烧后的氧化锌矿石和原生的氧化铅 锌矿直接并一次就能冶炼出精锌,并能一次性生产出精锌粉,同时还能冶炼出铁和粗铅、 镉等有色和黑色金属及煤气的冶炼方法, 及高富氧密闭式炼锌炉。
背景技术
目前公知炼锌技术有几百年历史了, 炼锌的方法分为火法炼锌和湿法炼锌两种。 火法炼锌按所采主要设备不同, 又分为: 平罐炼锌、 竖罐炼锌、 鼓风炉炼锌和电炉炼锌 等。 按目前世界上火法炼锌种类之中, 鼓风炉炼锌法的技术较为先进, 它冶炼速度快、 产量髙, 根据中南矿冶学院、 长沙有色冶金设计院、 北京有色冶金设计院和冶金工业部 情报标准研究所等提供的技术资料。 由冶金工业出版社改造如下- 鼓风炉炼锌法, 实际上是鼓风炉熔炼铅锌烧结矿, 同时得到锌和铅。 它是火法炼 锌技术的新成就。 1950年在英国阿旺茅斯厂试生产以来,现在在许多国家和地区出现了 这种鼓风炉。 最大的炉子风口区面积达 28平方米, 年生产锌达 12万吨。
鼓风炉炼锌主要由烧结焙烧、 烧结块还原熔炼和锌蒸气冷凝三个过程组成。
1、 烧结焙烧 主要是使硫化锌和硫化铅转变成氧化锌和氧化铅, 并烧结成块以 适应以鼓风炉瑢炼。 烧结是在带式烧结机上进行(与炼铅烧结机一样)。
2、 熔炼 鼓风炉炼锌的设备联接如附图 4所示。 所用鼓风炉与普通炼铅鼓风炉 相信。 但炉顶是密封的, 所以通称为密闭鼓风炉。 为了防止空气从炉顶漏入(漏入空气 会使锌蒸气再氧化), 加料装置采用与炼铁高炉类似的双钟加料器。
与竖罐炼锌一样, 加入的炉料必须预热, 被预热到 700°C以上的烧结块和焦炭加 入炉内后在炉内高温区进行氧化锌和氧化铅的还原。 铅沸点高(1525°C ), 还原出来便 成液体铅, 还原出来的锌呈蒸气与炉气混在一起, 从炉子上部进入冷凝器中冷凝成液体 金属锌。 液体铅则沉积在炉子的底部 (炉缸), 炉渣也聚积到炉子底部, 这种粗铅和炉 渣均定期放出。 为了使炉内获得足够高的温度, 鼓入的空气需预热到 700°C以上。
3、 锌蒸气的冷凝 从鼓风炉出来的炉气一般含锌蒸气不高(仅约 6% ), 含一氧 化碳达 20%以上, 而含二氧化碳则大于 10%。 由于二氧化碳浓度大, 锌蒸气就有被二 氧化碳氧化成氧化锌的危险。为了避免这种坏环境情况的出来,必须釆取下述措施: ( 1 ) 使出炉气体温度保持在 1000°C以上。为此在炉子上部也通入预热空气,使炉气中部分一 氧化碳燃烧以提高炉气温度;(2)用液体铅来冷凝锌蒸气。这种冷凝器叫做铅雨冷凝器, 它是用转子将铅液扬起成细滴(称铅雨), 使锌蒸气迅速冷凝成液体锌, 并溶入液体铅 中。 将这种含锌的铅液从冷凝器中放出, 冷却到 450°C后, 溶解在铅中的锌便有一部分 析出来, 并因其比重不同又分成两层, 上层是锌, 放出铸成锌锭, 下层为铅, 用铅泵打 入冷凝器中,重新使用。铅雨冷凝器的采用是促进鼓风炉炼锌扩大使用的一个关键因素。
密封鼓风炉冶炼方法的主要优点是能处理难选的铅锌硫化矿或氧化矿, 同时产出 铅和锌, 产量大, 热效率髙和单位金属产量投资较低等。 但事物总是一分为二的。 鼓风 炉目前存在的问题是: 操作条件要求严格; 烧结块, 焦炭必须预热; 烧结块中含铅不能 太高和所产锌须进一步精炼。 国外普遍使用的 17.2m2炼锌鼓风炉的有关数据如下 ;
Figure imgf000004_0001
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种高富氧炼锌法。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供一种高富氧炼锌法, 本发明技术方案-
1.原料的预处理
2.加料、 升温;
3.通入富氧;
4.启动电炉, 冶炼;
5.冷凝;
6.工频炉冶炼:
7.煤气洗涤回收-
8.锌粉制造
下面对本发明一种高富氧炼锌法做进一步说明
1. 原料的预处理: 用现有技术将矿石制成 Φ60αη的料球, 经烧结炉烧红到 700Ό, 备 用。
2. 加料、 升温: 从鼓风炉料斗 6加入燃料后生火, 等火较大后, 再加入一定数量的焦 碳, 起动制氧机、 鼓入少量的氧并逐渐增加氧量, 等焦碳火焰较大后, 炉子预热到 500-600 °C , 继续向炉内加入焦碳, 约装鼓风炉腔的 1/3后, 开动电热炉开关, 把焦 碳放入电热炉内, 再连续不断地经料斗 6向炉内加入原料: 是经焙烧过的矿石制作 成 30— 50mm的规格大小和焦碳粉碎成 60— 80mm规格大小, 按 5:3混合矿石粉和 焦碳粉, 装入鼓风炉料斗 6内。
3. 通入富氧: 启动其它两台制氧机 4, 逐渐加大鼓风量; 并且同时启动抽风机 11, 向 外排出烟气, 过一段时间从料斗 6,就可以得知炉料已加满。再向碳斗 5加入一定数 量的焦碳。
4. 启动电炉, 冶炼:
a) 从鼓风炉中上部的高温度计 32上, 反映出鼓风炉腔内温度不断上升, 当温度上 升到 1000'C时, 启动操作控制台 18, 上的电热炉开关, 使电热炉的电极开始放 电, 并逐渐加大, 同时相对加大制氧机的鼓氧量, 直到鼓风炉的高温温度计 13 上显示到 1400°C后, 保持鼓风量, 相对加大电热炉内的电极的电流量, 直到电 热炉的高温温度计 32, 在显示到 1100°C— 1200°C后, 保持放电量;
b) 炉腔里的矿石中的金属被迫升温到 1300— 1500°C, 炉腔中的高温碳和碳形成的 一氧化碳, 在高温下与氧化金属产生还原反应, 生成液态金属铅、 铁
(C+PbO=CO+Pb、 CO+PbO=C02+Pb) (FeO+CO=Fe+C02) 等, 还原后生成的 气态金属, 如锌、 镉(C+ZnOCO+Zn、 CO+ZnO=C02+Zn)等, 液态金属由炉 底金属出口放出, 炉渣由渣池出口放出。 气态金属伙同出炉气体灰尘抽到电热 炉内; c) 电炉中放置了焦碳, 利用电能转换成的热能, 把焦碳升温并保持在 1000— 1200 Ό之间, 在出炉中的二氧化碳气体穿过赤热的焦碳层, 充分还原成一氧化碳 (C+C02=2CO), 控制气体流量, 使出炉气中的二氧化碳低于 0.01 %以下。 电 炉内的气态物质和灰尘被抽风机抽到与电炉上方相连接的烟锌道口后倒置式 1# 铅冷凝器内。
5. 冷凝: 控制 1#铅冷凝器的温度在 950°C— 910°C, 使出炉气中铅蒸气冷凝成液态铅并 且放出,控制 2#锌冷凝器的温度在 850Ό— 800°C锌蒸气冷却成液态锌流入积锌池内, 定期放出铸成锌锭, 这样就一次性冶炼出精锌了, 炉气中一氧化碳通过洗涤场洗涤 后收集利用。
6. 工频炉冶炼: 鼓风炉内还原出来高沸点金属生铁、 粗铅以及炉渣由鼓风炉下部流入 下面电热炉内, 再用电能转变成热能, 把它们熔化成液态, 并从电炉内按比重分层 依次流出, 最上层流出的是炉渣和黄渣, 中层流出的是生铁, 底层流入积铅池内的 粗铅由出铅口流出, 电能永保炉体不积缸。
7. 煤气洗涤回收: 洗涤场洗涤出来的煤气送入气体干燥剂 38内干燥, 干燥后输入煤气 柜 39内装存应用,
8. 锌粉制造: 气体压缩机 40把煤气从煤气柜 39中吸出压缩成高压煤气, 把液锌罐 41 中液态锌喷射成锌粉到密闭式锌粉柜 42中存放并罐装出厂。
在本发明中, 气态金属、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、粉尘出炉气流中少量 C02入电热 炉内, 出炉气中的二氧化碳, 被碳原素近完全的还原一氧化碳, 在抽风机 16的作用下, 气态金属、 出炉气体、灰尘经烟锌道抽到 1#冷凝器 7控温冷却液态金属铅、出炉气流入 2#冷凝器控温冷凝, 成液态锌流入积锌池 11 内, 锌定期放出收集。 镉蒸气伙同出炉气 体抽到 3#冷凝器 9内, 3#水冷凝器把镉蒸气冷却成镉到积镉池 12内, 定期放出收集, 出炉气、 灰尘抽到除尘器 14中, 除尘器层积灰尘后, 定期放出收集, 出炉气进入抽气 机 16后经排烟管送到气体洗涤场。 下面, 对富氧炼锌法做进一步说明:
1.用鼓风炉冶炼还原金属: 是鼓风炉鼓入炉腔中的气态富氧, 把原料中碳燃烧氧 化,释放出高热量(2C+02=2CO、 C+02=C02),把炉腔里的矿石中的金属被升温到 1300 - 1500°C , 炉腔中的高温碳和碳形成的一氧化碳, 在高温下与氧化金属产生还原反应, 生成液态金属铅、 铁(C+PbO=CO+Pb、 CO+PbO=C02+Pb) (FeO+CO=Fe+C02)等, 还 原后生成的气态金属, 如锌、 镉 (C+ZnO=CO+Zn、 CO+ZnOC02+Zn)等, 液态金属 由炉底金属出口放出,炉渣由渣池出口放出。气态金属伙同出炉气体灰尘抽到电热炉内。
2.用电热炉把炉中的二氧化碳还原成一氧化碳, 电炉包括电弧炉、 电热炉、 电频 炉, 电频炉又分工频炉和高频炉, 电热炉的发热元件不同又分为碳化硅发热件电炉和电 阻丝电炉, 这些电炉都是把电能转换为热能的装置, 加入电炉中的焦碳利用电能转换成 的热能,把焦碳升温并保持在 1000— 1200°C之间,在出炉中的二氧化碳气体穿过赤热的 焦碳层,充分还原成一氧化碳(C+C02=2CO),使出炉气中的二氧化碳低于 0.01 %以下。 电炉内的气态物质和灰尘被抽风机抽到与电炉上方相连接的烟锌道口后倒置式 1#铅冷 凝器内。
3.用 1#铅冷凝器(控温 950Ό— 910Ό )把出炉气中小量铅蒸气冷凝成液态铅时放 出, 用 2#锌冷凝器(控温 850°C— 800°C )锌蒸气冷却成液态锌流入积锌池内, 定期放 出铸成锌锭, 这样就一次性冶炼出精锌了。
4.积锌池是用来积锌并利用池下的调温电炉加热池内的液态锌、在 800— 830Ό之 间加以保持,使流经积锌池内的镉充分蒸发出去,与出炉气中的灰尘一并抽到 3#镉水冷 凝器内。
5.3#水冷凝器利用水作间接冷凝液, 把镉蒸气冷却得到镉, 收集积镉池内, 定期 放出加以收集。 出炉气中的灰尘与一氧化碳被抽到除尘器中。
6.除尘器专门用于收集灰尘, 把灰尘层积下来后加以收集, 其他气体并被抽风机 抽入抽风机内。
7.抽风机的功能是利用电能抽吸电炉中出炉气体和灰尘, 出炉气在被以上设备处 理后抽到抽风机再经排烟管和电动排烟阀门送到气体洗涤场。
8.气体洗涤场, 把出炉气洗涤后收集一氧化碳加以利用。
9.气体洗涤场把出炉气中的 CO灰尘洗去后, 进入气体干燥器, 对 CO进行干燥。
10.煤气柜经输氧管被抽入空压机内压缩到 4一 6P大气压下, 由喷气口喷出, 把 液态锌罐流出的液态锌喷压射成粉状的锌粉, 密封存在锌粉柜中。 把精锌粉装罐出厂。
11.抽风机抽入的煤气吹入布袋除尘器, 由除尘把更细的锌粉收集起来利用,煤气 再次被收集利用。
12.鼓风炉内还原出来高沸点金属生铁、粗铅以及炉渣由鼓风炉下部流入下面电热 炉内, 再用电能转变成热能, 把它们熔化成液态, 并从电炉内按比重分层依次流出, 最 上层流出的是炉渣和黄渣,中层流出的是生铁,底层流入积铅池内的粗铅由出铅口流出, 电能永保炉体不积缸。 本高富氧密闭式冶炼锌炉, 主体是电热炉在上, 炉底有孔, 鼓风炉在下, 炉上有 帽, 炉下有电频炉和制氧系统等, 有机结合而成。 详细部份由说明书示图所诉。 本发明 从制氧机进气与外接通, 中间加料, 加碳都是密闭式条件下进行, 全炉各部份都在密闭 情况下运行, 全炉还有的材料运输系统和启重系统, 矿石焙烧系统, 原料成型系统、 给 排水系统未能详述。
应用材料和设备建成密闭式炼锌炉是实现该炉的最好方式。
如图 1富氧炼锌炉是电热炉在上, 炉底有孔, 鼓风炉在下, 炉下还有工频炉, 有 机结合的炼锌炉。 电热炉的外围和顶部和鼓风炉的外围是用钢板焊接而成, 顶部电热炉 盖, 电炉盖下砌有耐火砖, 鼓风炉的外转再用钢板二个装料斗 6是用钢板卷至而成(Φ 800)由加料盖 23和料斗阀门 22。二个料斗与鼓风炉的连接是用电焊连接,作为该炉的 检査孔, 碳斗 5是用钢管(Φ600)制作。 钢管焊接在电炉盖上, 有碳斗盖和碳斗阀门, 直通到电热炉内的电极腔。 电热炉 1由变压器 19, 控制屏 18, 用电缆 33连接。 二个烟 锌道口是用钢接而成, 用石墨碳砖沿电热炉底砌成圆形砌体, 用耐火砖隔开, 中是鼓风 炉上端出炉孔 (Φ980)所组成。 鼓风炉炉腔 (Φ 1180)用耐火砖砌作成的耐火层。 外 是钢板, 下有二个出渣孔 31交替使用, 下有工频炉, 再下是铅池 28—个, 一个出铅口 29。 鼓风系统由制氧机 4、 进风管 34、 进风管阀门 22所组成, 分布在鼓风炉的下面。 二套排烟系统和冷凝器系统, 由烟锌气道口、倒置式 1#冷凝器,不锈钢管平方面积与烟 锌道口平方面积相等。 2tt冷凝器积锌池 15用不锈钢制作而成。每个池能装液体锌 0. 8To 积锌池下面有调温电炉 13。 积锌池 11的四周有保温层, 池内外有出锌口和温度计 32, 3#水冷凝器 9连接积隔池 12, 二个与配套的烟尘处理器 14、抽风机 16等组成, 外有排 烟管二根和排烟管阀门 22二个。 电热炉顶部和鼓风炉中上部各安一支高温温度计 32、 抽风机 16、 排烟管、 排烟管冷冻 22二个把排出的烟气中的一氧化碳, 输送出去作焙烧 矿石的燃料。要生产锌粉, 从洗涤场 17收集一部份煤气柜 39中保存, 空压机入 40, 从 柜中抽出并压縮成 4一 6大气压的高压煤气, 经输气管喷出到液锌罐 41中, 液锌喷射成 锌粉密存放在锌粉柜 42中包装出厂。 本炉各部位连接方式是用焊接或螺栓连接。 电器 部分开关和温度计显示器都安装在操作控屏 18上加以上材料和设备构成了富氧冶炼锌 炉。 全炉除鼓风系统的进气部分, 和烟道系统的出气部分, 与外界相通外, 全炉各部份 都在密闭情况下运行.。全炉的材料运输系统和启重系统、 与矿石焙烧系统、和原材料成 型系统, 供、 排水系统、 供电系统、 环保处理系统、 预热烧结炉、 气体洗涤场不直接属 于发明。 所以在此不多加说明。
高富氧冶炼锌炉共分大、 中、 小三种型号: 大型炼炉年产锌量 6万吨以上, 中型 炼炉年产锌量 3万吨以上, 小型冶炼炉, 年产锌量 1万吨以上。
本发明髙富氧炼锌法的有益效果在于:克服了目前火法炼锌方法和技术中存在的难 题一空气要先预热到 700°C以上才能入炉冶炼; 并且还要用液体铅雨作冷凝液等, 用烧 焙机烧结矿石, 污染大, 冶炼出来的锌还是粗锌, 并还要送到精炼厂去精炼。
高富氧冶炼锌法在火法炼锌技术与工艺流程中作了重大创新:所用富氧气体在常温 下进炉冶炼, 不要液铅作冷凝液, 而用水和空气作间接冷凝液、 气, 并且在火法炼锌的 技术领域中, 幵创了一次性从矿石冶炼出精锌, 同时生产出锌精粉、 精铅、 铁的冶炼新 方法、 新技术, 极大的节约成本, 提高了工作效率。 附图说明. ·
图 1 : 高富氧炼锌全图
图 2: 生产锌精粉全图
图 3: 二氧化碳与金属还原座标图
图 4: 英国 ISP炼锌炉全图
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具体实施方式:
下面列举实施例, 对本发明加以进一步说明, 但本发明不只限于这些实施例。 · 实施例 1
从鼓风炉料斗 6加入木材后生火, 等火较大后, 再加入一定数量的焦碳, 起动制 氧机、 鼓入少量的氧并逐渐增加氧量, 等焦碳火焰较大后, 炉子预热到一定程度, 继续 向炉内加入焦碳, 约装鼓风炉腔的 1/3后, 开动电热炉开关, 把焦碳放入电热炉内, 再 连续不断地经料斗 6向炉内加入原料: 是经焙烧过的矿石粉碎成(30— 50的规格大小) 和焦碳粉碎成 (60— 80)规格大小, 按 5:3混合原料装入料斗 6入鼓风炉内。 启动其它 两台制氧机 4, 这里逐渐加大鼓风量。 并且同时启动抽风机 11, 向外排出烟气, 过一段 时间从料斗 6, 就可以得知炉料已加满。 再向碳斗 5加入一定数量的焦碳。 从鼓风炉中 上部的高温度计 32上, 反映出鼓风炉腔内温度不断上升, 当温度上升到 ΙΟΟΟΌ时, 启 动操作控制台 18, 上的电热炉开关, 使电热炉的电极开始放电, 并逐渐加大, 同时相对 加大制氧机的鼓氧量, 直到鼓风炉的高温温度计 13上显示到 1400Ό后, 保持鼓风量, 相对加大电热炉内的电极的电流量, 直到电热炉的髙温温度计 32, 在显示到 110CTC— 1200Ό后, 保持放电量。 这时高富氧冶炼锌法, 已进入正常运行状态, 过一段时间就开 女厶出锋、 出铅、 出铁
口 连续 业过程当中, 接下列方法进行: 按现有技术对原料作预处理: (焙烧后 的矿石是粉末, 用 20%的粘接液、 20%的碳末、 1 %的草末、 经搅拌后用煤球机打成 Φ 60的料球, 经烧结炉烧红到 700°C后再进炉冶炼), 原料装入料斗 6, 然后把料斗盖 23 盖好后,再打开加料阀门 22, 原料就进入了鼓风炉内, 关好料斗阀门 22后再加下次料, 这样就能与外面密闭了。按以上加料程序和方法, 向碳斗加的焦碳也是经预热炉预热到 700Ό左右加入电炉中, 用于补充还原二氧化碳时消耗的碳达到减轻石墨碳砖损耗。 原 料在被冶炼过程中减少并向下沉降。在重力作用下, 原料就源源不断地加入炉中。 电炉 在运行时产生高温, 制氧机鼓入炉腔内的氧气, 与炉中的焦碳燃烧, 起氧化反应 (C+ ◦2=C02和 2C+02=2CO)放出大量热能来。鼓风炉内温度高达 1400°C— 1500°C。矿石在 被迫受热的情况下, 不断升温能得到 1300°C— 1400°C。
二氧化碳在通过赤热的碳层时, 再次被还原成一氧化碳 (C02+C-2CO)矿石里 的氧化锌、 氧化铁、 氧化铅等, 都能很快在鼓风炉腹内被一氧化碳、 碳还原成原成金属 锌和铅、 铁来。 在这时金属锌就很快呈锌蒸气, 向炉上方飞去。 (因为锌的沸点温度是 906V 金属铁、 铅呈液体铁、 铅, 在重力的作用下流到工频炉内和炉底铅池 28里, 但 以有极少量铅挥发成蒸气冲向炉的上方。密封式炼锌炉在运行过程中, 制氧机 4制出的 含氧量为 80%— 99.5 %的富氧输入进气管 30, 再进入鼓风炉内,这样提高炉温,减少了 用碳量,减少了进气中的氮气含量,这样冶炼过程中,内的热能损失减少了电炉的电极, 在鼓风炉的出炉气口上放电产生热能(高温达 1100Ό— 1200°C )。这时和加入炉中的碳, 能在高温下, 和二氧化碳气体产生还原反应(C02+C=2CO)。 所以在电炉上方, 出炉气 中的二氧化碳含量小于 0.01 %。这样确保了锌蒸气在冷凝过程中不会被氧化。 电热炉上 方出炉气中的锌、 镉、 铅蒸气, 和其它气体、 灰尘、 在强制式抽风机 16作用下, 源源 不断经 1#冷凝器流过, 1#冷凝器能把出炉气降至 950°C— 910°C之间, 铅蒸气冷却成液 态锌, 铅流入积铅池内。 2#冷凝器 8能把出炉气降温到 850— 800°C,锌蒸气冷却成液态 锌, 流入积锌池 11内, 积锌池底调温电炉 13能把液态锌温在(800Ό— 830°C由温度计 32来监控)。 并加以保持。 这样镉蒸气被充分蒸发到 3#水冷凝器 9, 经冷却得到镉, 收 集到积镉池 12,定时放出并加以收集。积锌池放出的是精锌液。(锌含量为 99.9%— 99.99 % )铸成精锌锭变成产品。烟尘被除尘器 14,收集起来,少量的氧化锌可等返回炉再炼。 鼓风炉内还原出来高沸点金属生铁、粗铅以及炉渣由鼓风炉下部流入下面电热炉内, 再 用电能转变成热能, 把它们熔化成液态, 并从电炉内按比重分层依次流出, 最上层流出 的是炉渣和黄渣, 中层流出的是生铁, 底层流入积铅池内的粗铅由出铅口流出, 电能永 保炉体不积缸。铁被出铁口 30放出来。炉底铅池 28的铅定期放出, 铸成粗铅锭。 炉渣 从出渣孔 31定期放出, 用水碎法变成细炉渣送水泥厂。 实施例 2
本高富氧密闭式冶炼锌炉, 主体是电热炉在上, 炉底有孔, 鼓风炉在下, 炉上有 帽, 炉下有电频炉和制氧系统等, 有机结合而成。 详细部份由说明书附示图所述。 本发 明从制氧机进气与外接通, 中间加料, 加碳都是密闭式条件下进行, 全炉各部份都在密 闭情况下运行, 全炉还有的材料运输系统和启重系统、 矿石焙烧系统、 原料成型系统、 给排水系统, 均为现有技术, 未能详述。
应用材料和设备建成密闭式炼锌炉是实现该炉的最好方式。
全图纯氧冶炼锌法是电热炉在上, 炉底有孔, 鼓风炉在下, 炉下还有工频炉, 有 机结合的炼锌炉。 电热炉的外围和顶部和鼓风炉的外围是用钢板焊接而成, 顶部电热炉 盖, 电炉盖下砌有耐火砖, 鼓风炉的外转再用钢板二个装料斗 6是用钢板卷至而成(Φ 800)由加料盖 23和料斗阀门 22。二个料斗与鼓风炉的连接是用电焊连接,作为该炉的 检查孔, 碳斗 5是用钢管(Φ 600)制作。 钢管焊接在电炉盖上, 有碳斗盖和碳斗阀门, 直通到电热炉内的电极腔。 电热炉 1由变压器 19, 控制屏 18, 用电缆 33连接。 二个烟 锌道口是用钢接而成, 用石墨碳砖沿电热炉底砌成圆形砌体, 用耐火砖隔开, 中是鼓风 炉上端出炉孔 (Φ 980)所组成。 鼓风炉炉腔(Φ 1180) 用耐火砖砌作成的耐火层。 外 是钢板, 下有二个出渣孔 31交替使用, 下有工频炉, 再下是铅池 28—个, 一个出铅口 29。 鼓风系统由制氧机 4、 进风管 34、 进风管阀门 22所组成, 分布在鼓风炉的下面。 二套排烟系统和冷凝器系统, 由烟锌气道口、倒置式 1#冷凝器, 不锈钢管平方面积与烟 锌道口平方面积相等。 2#冷凝器积锌池 15用不锈钢制作而成。每个池能装液体锌 0. 8T。 积锌池下面有调温电炉 13。 积锌池 11的四周有保温层, 池内外有出锌口和温度计 32, 3#水冷凝器 9连接积隔池 12, 二个与配套的烟尘处理器 14、抽风机 16等组成, 外有排 烟管二根和排烟管阀门 22二个。 电热炉顶部和鼓风炉中上部各安一支高温温度计 32、 抽风机 16、 排烟管、 排烟管冷冻 22二个把排出的烟气中的一氧化碳, 输送出去作焙烧 矿石的燃料。要生产锌粉, 从洗涤场 17收集一部份煤气柜 39中保存, 空压机入 40, 从 柜中抽出并压缩成 4一 6大气压的高压煤气, 经输气管喷出到液锌罐 41中, 液锌喷射成 锌粉密存放在锌粉柜 42中包装出厂。 本炉各部位连接方式是用焊接或螺栓连接。 电器 部分开关和温度计显示器都安装在操作控屏 18上加以上材料和设备构成了富氧冶炼锌 炉。 全炉除鼓风系统的进气部分, 和烟道系统的出气部分, 与外界相通外, 全炉各部份 都在密闭情况下运行。全炉的材料运输系统和启重系统、 与矿石焙烧系统、和原材料成 型系统, 供、 排水系统、 供电系统、 环保处理系统、 预热烧结炉、 气体洗涤场均为现有 技术, 不直接属于本发明。 所以在此不多加说明。
以上是本发明优选实施例, 利用高富氧密闭式炼锌炉这个原理建成的, 用鼓风炉冶 炼还原出金属, 把出炉气体输送到各种炉内, 用多种能源把碳加热到高温来还原二氧化 碳和一氧化碳后冷却得到锌、镉的方法, 并同时回收得到较髙纯度的煤气, 炉底冶炼出 铁、 铅、 炉渣, 同时能一次性冶炼出精锌粉的工艺技术的冶炼炉。
本发明以上所述是最佳设计方案, 但不管炉子的容积大小和各种形态的变形炉, 凡 是把出炉气体中的二氧化碳用各种能量还原成一氧化碳和鼓风炉下外加各种能源把还 原出来的铁、 铅、 炉渣等加热成液态的方法都属于本发明保护范围之内。

Claims

1.一种高富氧炼锌法, 该高富氧炼锌法是用高富氧、 碳、 电能、 矿石原料, 一次性冶炼出精 锌、 生铁、 粗铅、 炉渣、 煤气的冶炼方法, 步骤如下-
( 1.) 原料的预处理;
(2.)加料、 升温;
(3.)通入富氧;
(4. ) 启动电炉, 冶炼;
(5. ) 冷凝;
(6.)工频炉冶炼; 权
(7.)煤气洗涤回收。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的高富氧炼锌法, 其特征在于, 经冷凝的锌液还可以制成精锌粉。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的高富氧炼锌法, 其特征在于:
( 1 ) .原料的预处理: 用现有技术将矿石制成 60cm的料球,经烧结炉烧红到 700Ό , 备用;
(2) .加料、 升温: 从鼓风炉料斗(6)加入燃料后生火求, 等火较大后, 再加入一定数量的焦 碳, 起动制氧机、 鼓入少量的氧并逐渐增加氧量, 等焦碳火焰较大后, 炉子预热到 500-600 V , 继续向炉内加入焦碳, 约装鼓风炉腔的 1/3后, 开动电热炉开关, 把焦碳放入电热炉内, 再连续不断地经料斗(6)向炉内加入原料: 是经焙烧过的矿石制作成 30— 50mm的规格大小 的料块和焦碳粉碎成 60— 80mm规格大小,按 5:3混合矿石粉和焦碳粉,装入鼓风炉料斗(6) 内;
(3 ) .通入富氧: 启动其它两台制氧机 4, 逐渐加大鼓风量; 并且同时启动抽风机 11, 向外 排出烟气, 再向碳斗 5加入一定数量的焦碳;
(4) .启动电炉, 冶炼:
①从鼓风炉中上部的高温度计(32)上, 反映出鼓风炉腔内温度不断上升, 当温度上升 到 1000°C时, 启动操作控制台 (18), 上的电热炉开关, 使电热炉的电极开始放电, 并逐渐加大电流量, 同时相对加大制氧机的鼓氧量, 直到鼓风炉的高温温度计(13 ) 上显示到 1400Ό后, 保持鼓风量, 相对加大电热炉内的电极的电流量, 直到电热炉的 高温温度计(32), 在显示到 1100Ό— 1200°C后, 保持放电量;
②炉腔里的矿石中的金属升温到 1300— 1500°C, 炉腔中的高温碳和碳形成的一氧化碳, 在高温下与氧化金属产生还原反应, 生成液态金属和气态金属, 液态金属由炉底金属 出口放出, 炉渣由渣池出口放出, 气态金属同出炉气体灰尘一起被抽到电热炉内;
③ 电炉中放置了焦碳,利用电能转换成的热能,把焦碳升温并保持在 1000—1200Ό之间, 使出炉气体中的二氧化碳气体穿过赤热的焦碳层, 充分还原成一氧化碳, 控制气体流 量, 使出炉气中的二氧化碳低于 0.01 %以下, 电炉内的气态物质和灰尘被抽风机抽到 与电炉上方相连接的烟锌道口后倒置式 1#铅冷凝器内;
(5) .冷凝: 控制 1#铅冷凝器的温度在 95(TC—910°C, 使出炉气中铅蒸气冷凝成液态铅并 且放出,控制 2#锌冷凝器的温度在 850Ό— 800Ό使锌蒸气冷却成液态锌流入积锌池内,定期 放出铸成锌锭, 这样就一次性冶炼出精锌了, 炉气通过洗涤场洗涤重新利 ;
(6) .工频炉冶炼: 鼓风炉内还原出来高沸点金属生铁、 粗铅以及炉渣由鼓风炉下部流入下 面电热炉内, 再用电能转变成热能, 把它们熔化成液态, 并从电炉内按比重分层依次流出, 最上层流出的是炉渣和黄渣, 中层流出的是生铁, 底层流入积铅池内的粗铅由出铅口流出, 电能永保炉体不积缸; (7)。煤气洗涤回收: 洗涤场洗涤出来的煤气送入气体干燥剂(38) 内干燥, 干燥后输入煤 气柜 (39) 内装存应用;
(8) .锌粉制造: 气体压缩机(40)把煤气从煤气柜(39) 中吸出压缩成高压煤气, 把液锌 罐 (41 ) 中液态锌喷射成锌粉到密闭式锌粉柜 (42) 中存放并罐装出厂。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的高富氧炼锌法, 其特征在于: 气态金属、二氧化碳、 一氧 化碳、 粉尘组成的出炉气进入电热炉内, 出炉气中的二氧化碳, 被碳元素还原成一氧化碳, 在抽风机(16) 的作用下, 气态金属、 出炉气体、 灰尘经烟锌道抽到 1#冷凝器(7) 控温冷 却液态金属铅、 出炉气流入 2#冷凝器控温冷凝, 成液态锌流入积锌池(11 ) 内, 锌定期放出 收集。 镉蒸气伙同出炉气体抽到 3#冷凝器 (9) 内, 3#水冷凝器把镉蒸气冷却成镉到积镉池
( 12) 内, 定期放出收集, 出炉气、 灰尘抽到除尘器 ( 14) 中, 除尘器层积灰尘后, 定期放 出收集, 出炉气进入抽气机 (16)后经排烟管送到气体洗涤场。
5. 根据权利要求 1-4任一所述的高富氧炼锌法, 其特征在于: 积锌池 (11 ) 是用来积锌并 利用池下的调温电炉加热池内的液态锌到 800— 830°C之间加以保持, 使积锌池(11 ) 内的镉 充分蒸发出去, 与出炉气中的灰尘一并抽到 3#水冷凝器(8) 内。
6. 根据权利要求 1至 5任一所述的高富氧炼锌法, 其特征在于: 鼓风炉内还原出来高沸点 金属生铁、 粗铅以及炉渣由鼓风炉下部流入下面电热炉内, 再用电能转变成热能, 把它们熔 化成液态, 并从电炉内按比重分层依次流出, 最上层流出的是炉渣和黄渣, 中层流出的是生 铁, 底层流入积铅池内的粗铅由出铅口流出, 电能永保炉体不积缸。
7. 根据权利要求根据权利要求 1-6任一所述的高富氧炼锌法, 其特征在于: 所述的高富氧 炼锌法的设备为高富氧密闭式炼锌炉, 其特征在于, 电热炉在上, 炉底有孔, 鼓风炉在下, 炉下还有电炉, 有机结合的炼锌炉。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的高富氧炼锌法的设备, 其特征在于, 电热炉的外围和顶部和鼓风 炉的外围是用钢板焊接而成, 顶部电热炉盖, 电炉盖下砌有耐火砖, 鼓风炉的外转再用钢板 二个装料斗 (6)是用钢板卷制而成; 由加料盖 (23)和料斗阀门 (22),二个料斗与鼓风炉的连接是 用电焊连接, 作为该炉的检査孔; 碳斗 (5)是用钢管制作, 钢管焊接在电炉盖上, 有碳斗盖和 碳斗阀门,直通到电热炉内的电极腔; 电热炉 (1)由变压器 (19), 控制屏 (18),用电缆 (33)连接; 二个烟锌道口是用钢接而成, 用石墨碳砖沿电热炉底砌成圆形砌体, 用耐火砖隔开, 中是鼓 风炉上端出炉孔所组成; 鼓风炉炉腔用耐火砖砌作成的耐火层, 外是钢板, 下有二个出渣孔 (31)交替使用, 下有功频炉, 再下是铅池 (28), 一个出铅口 (29); 鼓风系统由制氧机 (4)、 进风 管 (34)、 进风管阀门 (22)所组成, 分布在鼓风炉的下面; 二套排烟系统和冷凝器系统, 由烟锌 气道口、倒置式 1#冷凝器,不锈钢管平方面积与烟锌道口平方面积相等, 令凝器积锌池 (15) 用不锈钢制作而成; 积锌池下面有调温电炉 (13), 积锌池 (11)的四周有保温层, 池内外有出锌 口和温度计 (32); 3#水冷凝器 (9)连接积隔池 (12), 二个与配套的烟尘处理器 (14)、 抽风机 (16) 等组成, 外有排烟管二根和排烟管阀门 (22)二个; 电热炉顶部和鼓风炉中上部各安一支高温 温度计 (32)、 抽风机 (16)、 排烟管、 排烟管冷冻 (22)二个把排出的烟气中的一氧化碳, 输送出 去作焙烧矿石的燃料;要生产锌粉,从洗涤场 (17)收集一部份煤气柜 (39)中保存,空压机入 (40), 从柜中抽出并压缩成 4一 6大气压的高压煤气, 经输气管喷出到液锌罐 (41)中, 液锌喷射成锌 粉密存放在锌粉柜 (42)中包装出厂; 本炉各部位连接方式是用焊接或螺栓连接; 电器部分开 关和温度计显示器都安装在操作控屏 (18)上加以上材料和设备构成了富氧冶炼锌炉; 全炉除 风系统的进气部分, 和烟道系统的出气部分, 与外界相通外, 全炉各部份都在密闭情况下 运行
9. 根据权利要求 6- 8任一所述的高富氧炼锌法的设备, 其特征在于, 电炉包括电弧炉、 电 频炉、 电热炉; 电热炉又分为功频炉和高频炉, 电热炉的发热元件不同又分为碳化硅发热件 电炉和电阻丝电炉, 这些电炉都是把电能转换为热能的装置, 加入电炉中的焦碳利用电能转 换成的热能, 把焦碳升温并保持在 1000— 1200°C之间, 在出炉气中的二氧化碳气体穿过赤热 的焦碳层, 充分还原成一氧化碳, 使出炉气中的二氧化碳低于 0.01 %以下, 电炉内的气态物 质和灰尘被抽风机抽到与电炉上方相连接的烟锌道口进入 1#、 2#冷凝器、 3#水冷凝器内。
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CN110724831A (zh) * 2019-10-31 2020-01-24 重庆赛迪热工环保工程技术有限公司 一种工业化回收锌生产氧化锌中的碳循环系统及方法
CN111020083A (zh) * 2019-12-16 2020-04-17 王立臣 一种新型纯氧冶炼炉及其使用方法
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CN110172593A (zh) * 2019-06-13 2019-08-27 云南锡业股份有限公司铜业分公司 一种节能环保的锡冶炼系统及冶炼工艺
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