Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C215/46—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C215/56—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains further substituted by hydroxy groups
  • C07C215/58—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains further substituted by hydroxy groups with hydroxy groups and the six-membered aromatic ring, or the condensed ring system containing that ring, bound to the same carbon atom of the carbon chain
  • C07C215/60—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains further substituted by hydroxy groups with hydroxy groups and the six-membered aromatic ring, or the condensed ring system containing that ring, bound to the same carbon atom of the carbon chain the chain having two carbon atoms between the amino groups and the six-membered aromatic ring or the condensed ring system containing that ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
  • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C233/34—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
  • C07C233/42—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C233/43—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of a saturated carbon skeleton
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
  • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D215/24—Oxygen atoms attached in position 8
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D243/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D243/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 4
  • C07D243/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 4 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
  • C07D265/30—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings

Definitions

• the invention is directed to novel ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor agonists.
• the invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds to treat diseases associated with ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor activity, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.
• heterocyclyl groups include, by way of example, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, imidazolidinyl, mo ⁇ holinyl, indolin-3-yl, 2-imidazolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin- 2-yl, quinuclidinyl, and the like.
• halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
• Salts derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable acids include, but are not limited to, acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphosulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic, xinafoic (l-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid), 1,5 -naphthalene disulfonic, cinnamic, and the like.
• Flavoring agents such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, cherry flavoring or the like can also be used. Additionally, it may be desirable to add a coloring agent to make the dosage form more attractive in appearance or to help identify the product.
• the compounds of the invention and their pharmaceutically-acceptable salts that are active when given parenterally can be formulated for intramuscular, intrathecal, or intravenous administration.
• a typical composition for intra-muscular or intrathecal administration will consist of a suspension or solution of active ingredient in an oil, for example arachis oil or sesame oil.
• the present active agents can also used as part of a combination comprising, in addition, one or more other therapeutic agents.
• the present agents can be administered together with one or more therapeutic agents selected from anti- inflammatory agents (e.g. corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), antichlolinergic agents (particularly muscarinic receptor antagonists), other ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor agonists, antiinfective agents (e.g. antibiotics or antivirals) or antihistamines.
• anti- inflammatory agents e.g. corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)
• antichlolinergic agents particularly muscarinic receptor antagonists
• other ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor agonists e.g. antibiotics or antivirals
• antiinfective agents e.g. antibiotics or antivirals
• Suitable NSAIDs include sodium cromoglycate; nedocromil sodium; phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (e.g. theophylline, PDE4 inhibitors or mixed PDE3/PDE4 inhibitors); leukotriene antagonists (e.g. monteleukast); inhibitors of leukotriene synthesis; iNOS inhibitors; protease inhibitors, such as tryptase and elastase inhibitors; beta-2 integrin antagonists and adenosine receptor agonists or antagonists (e.g. adenosine 2a agonists); cytokine antagonists (e.g.
• chemokine antagonists such as, an interleukin antibody ( ⁇ TL antibody), specifically, an IL-4 therapy, an ⁇ TL-13 therapy, or a combination thereof); or inhibitors of cytokine synthesis.
• Suitable other ⁇ 2 -adrenoreceptor agonists include salmeterol (e.g. as the xinafoate), salbutamol (e.g. as the sulphate or the free base), formoterol (e.g. as the fumarate), fenoterol or terbutaline and salts thereof.
• PDE4 phosphodiesterase 4
• PDE3 mixed PDE3/PDE4 inhibitor.
• drugs are readily available from a number of commercial sources or can be made or prepared from literature data via, to wit: Atropine - CAS-51-55-8 or CAS-51-48-1 (anhydrous form), atropine sulfate - CAS-5908-99-6; atropine oxide - CAS-4438-22-6 or its HC1 salt - CAS-4574-60-1 and methylatropine nitrate - CAS-52-88-0. Homatropine - CAS-87-00-3, hydrobromide salt - CAS-51-56-9, methylbromide salt - CAS-80-49-9.
• Preferred anticholinergics include ipratropium (e.g. as the bromide), sold under the name Atrovent, oxitropium (e.g. as the bromide) and tiotropium (e.g. as the bromide) (CAS-139404-48-1).
• methantheline (CAS-53-46-3), propantheline bromide (CAS- 50-34-9), anisotropine methyl bromide or Valpin 50 (CAS- 80-50-2), clidinium bromide (Quarzan, CAS-3485-62-9), copyrrolate (Robinul), isopropamide iodide (CAS-71-81-8), mepenzolate bromide (U.S. patent 2,918,408), tridihexethyl chloride (Pathilone, CAS-4310-35-4), and hexocyclium methylsulfate (Tral, CAS-115-63- 9).
• first generation antagonists are characterized, based on their core structures, as ethanolamines, ethylenediamines, and alkylamines.
• first generation antihistamines include those which can be characterized as based on piperizine and phenothiazines.
• Second generation antagonists which are non-sedating, have a similar structure-activity relationship in that they retain the core ethylene group (the alkylamines) or mimic a tertiary amine group with piperizine or piperidine.
• the invention provides a combination wherein the corticosteroid is fluticasone propionate or wherein the corticosteroid is 6 ⁇ ,9 ⁇ - difluoro- 17 -[(2-furanylcarbonyl)oxy]- 11 ⁇ -hydroxy- 1 ⁇ -methyl-3-oxo-androsta- 1 ,4- diene- 17 ⁇ -carbothioic acid S-fluoromethyl ester or 6 ⁇ ,9 ⁇ -difluoro- 11 ⁇ -hydroxy- 16 - mefhyl-3-oxo-17 ⁇ -propionyloxy- androsta-l,4-diene-17 ⁇ -carbothioic acid S-(2-oxo- tetrahydro-furan-3S-yl) ester.
• the invention thus provides, in a further aspect, a combination comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof together with a PDE4 inhibitor and a corticosteroid.
• the invention thus provides, in a further aspect, a combination comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof together with an anticholinergic agent and a corticosteroid.
• a compound of formula (I) includes a compound of formula (H) and preferred groups thereof, and any individually disclosed compound or compounds.
• compositions of the invention can optionally comprise combinations of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof with one or more other therapeutic agents, as described above.
• the individual compounds of the combinations of the invention may be formulated separately or formulated together in a single pharmaceutical composition.
• the individual compounds may be administered either sequentially or simultaneously in separate or combined pharmaceutical formulations. Appropriate doses of known therapeutic agents will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art. Methods of treatment of the invention, therefore, include administration of the individual compounds of such combinations either sequentially or simultaneously in separate or combined pharmaceutical formulations.
• the invention provides a method of treating a disease or condition associated with ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor activity in a mammal, the method comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a combination of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof and one or more other therapeutic agents.
• compounds of the invention are ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor agonists, such compounds are also useful as research tools for investigating or studying biological systems or samples having ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptors, or for discovering new ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor agonists.
• a biological system or sample comprising a ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor is contacted with a ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor-agonizing amount of a compound of the invention.
• the effects of agonizing the ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor are determined using conventional procedures and equipment, such as radioligand binding assays and functional assays, for example the assay for ligand-mediated changes in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) described below, or assays of a similar nature.
• cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate
• a ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor-agonizing amount of a compound of the invention will typically range from about 1 nanomolar to about 1000 nanomolar.
• Formulation Example A This example illustrates the preparation of a representative pharmaceutical composition for oral administration of a compound of this invention: Ingredients Quantity per tablet, (mg) Active Compound 1 Lactose, spray-dried 148 Magnesium stearate 2 The above ingredients are mixed and introduced into a hard-shell gelatin capsule.
• Formulation Example B This example illustrates the preparation of another representative pharmaceutical composition for oral administration of a compound of this invention:
• Formulation Example F This example illustrates the preparation of a representative pharmaceutical composition for topical application of a compound of this invention. ingredients grams Active compound 0.2-10 Span 60 2 Tween 60 2 Mineral oil 5 Petrolatum 10 Methyl paraben 0.15 Propyl paraben 0.05 BHA (butylated hydroxy anisole) 0.01 Water q.s. to 100
• Formulation Example G This example illustrates the preparation of a representative pharmaceutical composition containing a compound of the invention.
• An aqueous aerosol formulation for use in a nebulizer is prepared by dissolving 0.1 mg of a pharmaceutical salt of active compound in a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution acidified with citric acid. The mixture is stirred and sonicated until the active salt is dissolved. The pH of the solution is adjusted to a value in the range of from 3 to 8 by the slow addition of NaOH.
• Formulation Example H This example illustrates the preparation of a dry powder formulation containing a compound of the invention for use in inhalation cartridges.
• Gelatin inhalation cartridges are filled with a pharmaceutical composition having the following ingredients: Ingredients mg/cartridge Pharmaceutical salt of active compound 0.2 Lactose 25 The pharmaceutical salt of active compound is micronized prior to blending with lactose. The contents of the cartridges are administered using a powder inhaler.
• Formulation Example I This example illustrates the preparation of a dry powder formulation containing a compound of the invention for use in a dry powder inhalation device.
• a pharmaceutical composition is prepared having a bulk formulation ratio of micronized pharmaceutical salt to lactose of 1 :200.
• the composition is packed into a dry powder inhalation device capable of delivering between about 10 ⁇ g and about 100 ⁇ g of active drug ingredient per dose.
• Formulation Example J This example illustrates the preparation of a formulation containing a compound of the invention for use in a metered dose inhaler.
• a suspension containing 5 % pharmaceutical salt of active compound, 0.5 % lecithin, and 0.5 % trehalose is prepared by dispersing 5 g of active compound as micronized particles with mean size less than 10 ⁇ m in a colloidal solution formed from 0.5 g of trehalose and 0.5 g of lecithin dissolved in 100 mL of demineralized water.
• the suspension is spray dried and the resulting material is micronized to particles having a mean diameter less than 1.5 ⁇ m.
• the particles are loaded into canisters with pressurized 1,1,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane.
• Formulation Example K This example illustrates the preparation of a formulation containing a compound of the invention for use in a metered dose inhaler.
• a suspension containing 5 % pharmaceutical salt of active compound and 0.1 % lecithin is prepared by dispersing 10 g of active compound as micronized particles with mean size less than 10 ⁇ m in a solution formed from 0.2 g of lecithin dissolved in 200 mL of demineralized water. The suspension is spray dried and the resulting material is micronized to particles having a mean diameter less than 1.5 ⁇ m. The particles are loaded into canisters with pressurized 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane.
• the compounds of this invention exhibit biological activity and are useful for medical treatment.
• the ability of a compound to bind to the ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor, as well as its selectivity, agonist potency, and intrinsic activity can be demonstrated using Tests A-B below, or can be demonstrated using other tests that are known in the art.
• the cell monolayer was lifted with Versene 1 :5,000 (0.2 g/L EDTA in PBS) using a cell scraper. Cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 1,000 ⁇ m, and cell pellets were either stored frozen at -80°C or membranes were prepared immediately.
• Binding assays were performed in 96-well microtiter plates in a total assay volume of 100 ⁇ L with 5 ⁇ g membrane protein for membranes containing the human ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor, or 2.5 ⁇ g membrane protein for membranes containing the human ⁇ i adrenergic receptor in assay buffer (75 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.4 @ 25°C, 12.5 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EDTA, 0.2% BSA).
• Filter plates were washed three times with filtration buffer (75 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.4 @ 4°C, 12.5 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EDTA) to remove unbound radioactivity. Plates were dried, 50 ⁇ L Microscint-20 liquid scintillation fluid (Packard BioScience Co., Meriden, CT) was added and plates were counted in a Packard Topcount liquid scintillation counter (Packard BioScience Co., Meriden, CT). Binding data were analyzed by nonlinear regression analysis with the GraphPad Prism Software package (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA) using the 3-parameter model for one-site competition.
• filtration buffer 75 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.4 @ 4°C, 12.5 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EDTA
• the curve minimum was fixed to the value for nonspecific binding, as determined in the presence of 10 ⁇ M alprenolol.
• K values for compounds were calculated from observed IC 50 values and the K, / value of the radioligand using the Cheng-Prusoff equation (Cheng Y, and Prusoff WH., Biochemical Pharmacology, 1973, 22, 23, 3099-108).
• the receptor subtype selectivity was calculated as the ratio of K,( ⁇ )/K,( ⁇ 2 ).
• Compounds of the invention demonstrated greater binding at the ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor than at the ⁇ i adrenergic receptor, i.e. K( ⁇ ) > K,( ⁇ 2 ) with selectivity greater than about 30.
• Test B Whole-cell cAMP Flashplate Assays With Cell Lines Heterologously Expressing Human ⁇ i Adrenoceptor, ⁇ 2 Adrenoceptor, and ⁇ 3 Adrenoceptor, Respectively.
• a HEK-293 cell line stably expressing cloned human ⁇ i adrenergic receptor
• clone H34.1 was grown to about 70%-90% confluency in medium consisting of DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 500 ⁇ g/mL Geneticin.
• a HEK-293 cell line stably expressing cloned human ⁇ 2 -adrenoceptor (clone H24.14) was grown in the same medium to full confluency.
• a CHO-K1 cell line stably expressing cloned human ⁇ 3 -adrenoceptor was grown to about 70%-90% confluency in Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with
• ⁇ i -adrenoceptor For cells expressing the ⁇ i -adrenoceptor, 10 nM ICI 118,551 were added to the stimulation buffer, and cells were incubated for 10 min at 37°C. Cells were used at final concentrations of 30,000, 40,000 and 70,000 cells / well for the ⁇ i -adrenoceptor-, the ⁇ 2 -adrenoceptor- and the ⁇ 3 - adrenoceptor expressing cells, respectively.
• Compounds of the invention demonstrated potent activity at the ⁇ 2 adrenergic receptor in this assay, as evidenced by ⁇ EC 50 values greater than about 9.
• the compounds tested demonstrated selectivity in functional activity at the ⁇ 2 receptor as compared with functional activity at the ⁇ i and ⁇ receptors.
• compounds of the invention demonstrated EC 50 ( ⁇ )/EC 5 o( ⁇ 2 ) ratios of greater than about 10 and EC 50 ( ⁇ 3 )/EC 50 ( ⁇ 2 ) ratios of greater than about 50.
• Test C Whole-cell cAMP Flashplate Assay With a Lung Epithelial Cell Line Endogenously Expressing Human ⁇ 2 Adrenergic Receptor
• a human lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) was used (ATCC CRL-9609, American Type Culture Collection,
• cAMP assays were performed in a radioimmunoassay format using the Flashplate Adenylyl Cyclase Activation Assay System with 125 I-cAMP (NEN SMP004, PerkinElmer Life Sciences Inc., Boston, MA), according to the manufacturers instructions. On the day of the assay, cells were rinsed with PBS, lifted by scraping with 5mM EDTA in PBS, and counted. Cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 1,000 ⁇ ra and resuspended in stimulation buffer prewarmed to 37°C at a final concentration of 600,000 cells / mL.
• Test compounds were administered via inhalation over 10 minutes in a whole-body exposure dosing chamber (R&S Molds, San Carlos, CA). The dosing chambers were arranged so that an aerosol was simultaneously delivered to 6 individual chambers from a central manifold. Following a 60 minute acclimation period and a 10 minute exposure to nebulized water for injection (WFI), guinea pigs were exposed to an aerosol of test compound or vehicle (WFI). These aerosols were generated from aqueous solutions using an LC Star Nebulizer Set (Model 22F51, PARI Respiratory Equipment, Inc.
• each guinea pig was anesthetized with an intramuscular injection of ketamine (43.75 mg/kg), xylazine (3.50 mg/kg) and acepromazine (1.05 mg/kg). After the surgical site was shaved and cleaned with 70% alcohol, a 2-5 cm midline incision of the ventral aspect of the neck was made.
• the jugular vein was isolated and cannulated with a saline-filled polyethylene catheter (PE-50, Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD) to allow for intravenous infusions of a 0.1 mg/mL solution of acetylcholine (Ach), (Sigma- Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in saline.
• Ach acetylcholine
• the trachea was then dissected free and cannulated with a 14G teflon tube (#NE- 014, Small Parts, Miami Lakes, FL). If required, anesthesia was maintained by additional intramuscular injections of the aforementioned anesthetic cocktail.
• the depth of anesthesia was monitored and adjusted if the animal responded to pinching of its paw or if the respiration rate was greater than 100 breaths/minute.
• the animal was placed into a plefhysmograph (#PLY3114, Buxco Electronics, Inc., Sharon, CT) and an esophageal pressure cannula was inserted to measure pulmonary driving pressure (pressure).
• the teflon tracheal tube was attached to the opening of the plefhysmograph to allow the guinea pig to breathe room air from outside the chamber. The chamber was then sealed.
• a heating lamp was used to maintain body temperature and the guinea pig's lungs were inflated 3 times with 4 mL of air using a 10 mL calibration syringe (#5520 Series, Hans Rudolph, Kansas City, MO) to ensure that the lower airways had not collapsed and that the animal did not suffer from hyperventilation. Once it was determined that baseline values were within the range
• the pulmonary evaluation was initiated.
• a Buxco pulmonary measurement computer progam enabled the collection and derivation of pulmonary values.
• Starting this program initiated the experimental protocol and data collection.
• the changes in volume over time that occured within the plefhysmograph with each breath were measured via a Buxco pressure transducer. By integrating this signal over time, a measurement of flow was calculated for each breath.
• pulmonary parameters included respiration frequency (breaths/minute), compliance (mL/cm H 2 O) and pulmonary resistance (cm H 2 O/ mL per second) (Giles et al, 1971).
• the quantity PD 2 which is defined as the amount of Ach needed to cause a doubling of the baseline pulmonary resistance, was calculated using the pulmonary resistance values derived from the flow and the pressure over a range of Ach challenges using the following equation. This was derived from the equation used to calculate PC 20 values in the clinic (Am. Thoracic Soc, 2000).
• Ci Second to last Ach concentration (concentration preceding C 2 )
• C 2 Final concentration of Ach (concentration resulting in a 2-fold increase in pulmonary resistance (RJ)
• R Q Baseline
• R 2 R L value after C 2
• Statistical analysis of the data was performed using a One- Way Analysis of Variance followed by post-hoc analysis using a Bonferroni / Dunn test. A E-value ⁇ 0.05 was considered significant.
• Representative compounds of the invention were found to have significant bronchoprotective activity at time points beyond 24 hours post-dose. The following synthetic examples are offered to illustrate the invention, and are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention.
• reagents, starting material and solvents were purchased from commercial suppliers, for example Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), J. T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ), and Honeywell Burdick and Jackson (Muskegon, MI), and used without further purification; reactions were run under nitrogen atmosphere; reaction mixtures were monitored by thin layer chromatography (silica TLC), analytical high performance liquid chromatography (anal.
• Example 1 Synthesis of 5-[(R)-2-(2- ⁇ 4-[4-(2-amino-2-methyl-propoxy)- phenylamino]-phenyl ⁇ -ethylammo)-l-hydroxy-ethyl]-8-hydroxy-l -quinolin- 2-one a.
• Preparation of 4-(2-amino-2-methyl-propoxy)-phenylamine hydrochloride A vigorously stirred slurry of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 11.32 g, 0.28 mol) in dimethylsulfoxide (400 mL) was heated at 45°C for 1 h.
• Compound 8 8-hydroxy-5-[(R)- 1 -hydroxy-2-(2- ⁇ 4-[4-pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)- phenylamino]-phenyl ⁇ -ethylamino)-ethyl]-lH-quinolin-2-one: m/z [M+ ⁇ + ] calcd for C 3 ,H 31 N 4 O 4 , 523.1; found 523.2.
• Example 9 Synthesis of 5-[(R)-2-(2- ⁇ 4-[4-(2-amino-2-methyl-propoxy)-3- trifluoromethyl-phenylamino]-phenyl ⁇ -ethylamino)-l-hydroxy-ethyl]-8- hydroxy-lZ7-quinoIin-2-one Using procedures similar to those described for Example 1, except replacing the l-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene with l-fluoro-4-nitro-2-trifluoromethylbenzene in step a, the title compound was prepared, m/z: [M+H + ] calcd for C 30 H 34 F 3 N 4 O 4 , 571.3; found 571.3.
• Example 10 Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-5- ⁇ (R)-l-hydroxy-2-[2-(4- ⁇ 4-[2-(4- methanesulfonyl-piperazin-l-yl)-ethoxy]-phenylamino ⁇ -phenyl)-ethylamino]- ethyl ⁇ -li-T-quinolin-2-one a.
• step b Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-5- ⁇ (R)- l-hydroxy-2-[2-(4- ⁇ 4-[2-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin- l-yl)-ethoxy]-phenylamino ⁇ -phenyl)-ethylamino]-ethyl ⁇ -lH-quinolin-2-one Using procedures similar to those described for Example 1, steps c and d, the intermediate of step b was transformed to the title compound, m/z [M+ ⁇ + ] calcd for C 32 H 40 ⁇ 5 O 6 S, 622.3; found 622.5.
• Example 11 Synthesis of 5-[(R)-2-(2- ⁇ 4-[4-(2-amino-ethyl)-phenylamino]- phenyl ⁇ -ethylamino)-l-hydroxy-ethyl]-8-hydroxy-l//-quinolin-2-one a.
• Example 12 Synthesis of 5-[(R)-2-(2- ⁇ 4-[4-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)- phenylamino]-phenyl ⁇ -ethyIammo)-l-hydroxy-ethyl]-8-hydroxy-li7-quinoIin- 2-one a.
• Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)drpalladium(0) (252 mg, 0.05 equiv) was added, followed by rac-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)- 1,1 '-binapthyl (516 mg, 0.015 equiv).
• the reaction mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 16 h, then allowed to cool.
• the solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed (1:1 saturated aqueous sodium chloride:water (100 mL), then extracted into 6 M hydrochloric acid (100 mL).
• the aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL), then diluted with isopropyl acetate (100 mL). The mixture was cooled to 0 °C and neutralized with sodium hydroxide (13 g in 20 mL of water). The aqueous layer was removed and the organic layer washed (1 :1 saturated aqueous sodium chloride: water, 100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to afford the title intermediate (1.3 g crude).
• the reaction mixture was cooled to 20 °C, and the resulting red oil was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and extracted with two portions water (200 mL). The organic layer was washed with two portions of (1:1 10% aqueous acetic acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (200 mL). The organic layer was basified by carefully extracting with two portions of saturated sodium bicarbonate (200 mL), followed by saturated sodium chloride (200 mL). The resulting organic solution was treated with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford the title intermediate (5.1 g) which was used without further purification. b.
• the filtrate was re-heated to 90 °C and a solution of concentrated sulfuric acid (2 mL) in acetonitrile:water (18 mL:2 mL) was added. The solution was allowed to cool to room temperature over 2 h, then cooled in an ice/water bath to 10 °C. The solid was filtered and dried under reduced pressure to afford the crude title salt (5.70 g, 82 %). The material (5.70 g) was re-dissolved in acetonitrile:water (120 mL:410 mL) at 90 °C, and again allowed to cool to room temperature over 2 h.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Quinoline Compounds (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (11)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=34806964

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (19)

Cited By (9)

Families Citing this family (31)

Citations (8)

Family Cites Families (45)

• 2004
  • 2004-12-30 TW TW093141433A patent/TW200531692A/zh unknown
• 2005
  • 2005-01-11 AU AU2005206510A patent/AU2005206510A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-01-11 WO PCT/US2005/000810 patent/WO2005070872A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-01-11 BR BRPI0506823-1A patent/BRPI0506823A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-01-11 DE DE602005027307T patent/DE602005027307D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-01-11 CA CA002551821A patent/CA2551821A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-01-11 RU RU2006129312/04A patent/RU2370490C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-01-11 US US11/033,198 patent/US7622467B2/en active Active
  • 2005-01-11 JP JP2006549523A patent/JP5041814B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-01-11 NZ NZ548196A patent/NZ548196A/xx unknown
  • 2005-01-11 ES ES05711348T patent/ES2364450T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-01-11 AT AT05711348T patent/ATE504559T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-01-11 AR ARP050100092A patent/AR047098A1/es unknown
  • 2005-01-11 EP EP05711348A patent/EP1706371B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-01-11 CN CN2005800022796A patent/CN1910137B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-06-26 IL IL176549A patent/IL176549A0/en unknown
  • 2006-07-11 ZA ZA200605720A patent/ZA200605720B/xx unknown
  • 2006-07-24 MA MA29204A patent/MA28304A1/fr unknown
  • 2006-08-09 NO NO20063620A patent/NO20063620L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2009
  • 2009-10-06 US US12/574,066 patent/US7994165B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-06-28 US US13/170,386 patent/US20120071654A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (8)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events