WO2005052660A1 - 多チャンネルアレイ導波路回折格子型合分波器およびアレイ導波路と出力導波路の接続方法 - Google Patents
多チャンネルアレイ導波路回折格子型合分波器およびアレイ導波路と出力導波路の接続方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005052660A1 WO2005052660A1 PCT/JP2004/017625 JP2004017625W WO2005052660A1 WO 2005052660 A1 WO2005052660 A1 WO 2005052660A1 JP 2004017625 W JP2004017625 W JP 2004017625W WO 2005052660 A1 WO2005052660 A1 WO 2005052660A1
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- slab waveguide
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1228—Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12016—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by the input or output waveguides, e.g. tapered waveguide ends, coupled together pairs of output waveguides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer used in the field of optical communication, and more particularly, to a multi-channel array waveguide diffraction grating type multiplexer / demultiplexer and an array waveguide used in a wavelength division multiplexing system.
- the present invention relates to a method for connecting an output waveguide.
- an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that multiplexes or demultiplexes signals of different wavelengths plays an important role.
- an arrayed waveguide grating optical multiplexer / demultiplexer using an arrayed waveguide grating is useful for increasing the number of channels. Also, any number of channels can be created by the same process and the same number of steps regardless of the number of channels, and in principle there is little loss or characteristic deterioration.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-271557 discloses that each of a pair of ends is connected to an arc-shaped planar waveguide having a center at the center of the other end.
- the N-channel second waveguide array is positioned near the center of the end of the first waveguide array.
- An example has been proposed in which the circles are arranged radially from the center point of the arc of the circle to be placed.
- a plurality of (N-channel) waveguides are arranged on the circumference of a Roland circle, which is a circle drawn so as to be in contact with the surface of a curved diffraction grating at the center point, while applying force.
- a Roland circle which is a circle drawn so as to be in contact with the surface of a curved diffraction grating at the center point, while applying force.
- the transmission characteristics of the waveguide (waveguide) located near the center of the N-channel waveguide (waveguide) and the waveguide (waveguide) located at the end (both ends) (Waveguide) transmission characteristics Are known to have different asymmetries.
- Patent Document 1 does not suggest any method for solving these problems.
- An object of the present invention is to reduce connection loss due to mode mismatch between a second slab waveguide and an output waveguide in an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) type multiplexer / demultiplexer, and to achieve low-loss multiplexing / demultiplexing. To get the properties.
- AMG arrayed waveguide grating
- the present invention provides an arrayed waveguide composed of a core laminated on a substrate and a clad covering the core, each of which has a predetermined curvature, and an arrayed waveguide laminated on the substrate and input through an input waveguide.
- An input-side slab waveguide for inputting the output optical signal to the array waveguide
- an output-side slab waveguide for stacking the optical signal on the substrate and outputting the output optical signal to the output waveguide
- the output waveguide has a predetermined shape changed according to a shape of a field distribution at a focal point of the output side slab waveguide.
- the present invention provides a multi-channel array waveguide diffraction grating type multiplexer / demultiplexer, which is provided and connected to the output side slab waveguide.
- the output waveguide is changed in accordance with the shape of the field distribution at the converging point of the output side slab waveguide. Is provided and connected to the output side slab waveguide, connection loss is reduced and asymmetry of transmission characteristics is reduced.
- the present invention provides an array waveguide provided at a predetermined position on a substrate, a slab waveguide provided at an output side of the array waveguide, and an output waveguide connected to the slab waveguide.
- the connection surface forms a Rowland circle, and the angle between the normal of the Rowland circle and the center line of the core located on both sides of the core located at the center and the normal of the Rowland circle When the angle between the center core and the center core is ⁇ ,
- An output waveguide including a core defined by ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ,..., ( ⁇ -1) ⁇ , ⁇ toward the end core.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a waveguide grating type multiplexer / demultiplexer.
- the core provided for an arbitrary number of channels is provided at the center of the angular force formed by the normal to the Rowland circle.
- the angle between the output port of the slab waveguide and the normal of the Roland circle is equal to the center line of the core located on both sides of the core located at the center and the Roland circle. ⁇ , 2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ ,... From the central core to the cores at both ends according to the position from the central core on the circumference of the Roland circle. , ( ⁇ -1) a, Na An arbitrary number of cores are connected at an angle specified by Na, and a slab waveguide provided at an output side of an arrayed waveguide provided at a predetermined position on a substrate is provided.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of connecting an output waveguide connected to a waveguide to a slab waveguide.
- an arbitrary number of output waveguides provided for a plurality of channels are arranged in a central core according to a position from the central core on the circumference of the Rowland circle. toward both ends of the core from, ⁇ , 2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , ⁇ , ( ⁇ - 1) ⁇ , an angle defined by Nyuarufa, were varied to suit the field distribution in the focal point of the slab waveguide Connecting the cores reduces splice loss and increases the loss uniformity of individual channels.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an arrayed waveguide grating optical multiplexer / demultiplexer to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a main part of the arrayed waveguide illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a main part of the arrayed waveguide illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a main part of the arrayed waveguide shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing transmission characteristics of the present invention to which the connection between the slab waveguide and the output waveguide described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 is applied.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing transmission characteristics when the connection between the slab waveguide and the output waveguide described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 is applied to a flat-top array waveguide having a flat transmission characteristic. .
- FIG. 7 shows the transmission characteristics of the present invention in which the connection between the slab waveguide and the output waveguide described with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 is applied, with one arbitrary wavelength (one channel) extracted.
- FIG. 7 shows the transmission characteristics of the present invention in which the connection between the slab waveguide and the output waveguide described with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 is applied, with one arbitrary wavelength (one channel) extracted.
- FIG. 8 shows the transmission characteristics of the present invention in which the connection between the slab waveguide and the output waveguide described with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 is applied, with one arbitrary wavelength (one channel) extracted.
- FIG. 8 shows the transmission characteristics of the present invention in which the connection between the slab waveguide and the output waveguide described with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 is applied, with one arbitrary wavelength (one channel) extracted.
- the arrayed waveguide type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 10 includes an input waveguide 12, an arrayed waveguide 13, an output waveguide 14, and an output waveguide 14, which are provided at predetermined positions on a substrate 11, respectively. And first and second slab waveguides 15 and 16 for optically connecting the input waveguide 12 and the array waveguide 13 and the array waveguide 13 and the output waveguide 14.
- the array waveguide 13 has a predetermined curvature between the first slab waveguide 15 and the second slab waveguide 16.
- the core 14 n—the core 14 ⁇ of the output waveguide 14 has the exception of the central core 14 ⁇ .
- the center axis is inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the normal of the Rowland circle.
- the central core 14 ⁇ is connected to the output port 16 ⁇ perpendicular to the normal of the circumference of the Roland circle. Accordingly, the center line of the output port 16 ⁇ and the center line of the central core 14 ⁇ are located on the same straight line.
- cores 14n-14 ⁇ (excluding 14 ⁇ ) connected to output ports 16—n—16n other than the output port 16 ⁇ located on the center line have respective center line forces at the center.
- Each of the second slab waveguides 16 is connected to a predetermined position so that the angle with respect to the normal of the Rowland circle increases as the distance from the core 14 ⁇ is increased.
- the cores 14 ⁇ and 14 ⁇ connected to both ends of the second slab waveguide 16 are formed so that the angle ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (— ⁇ ) with respect to the center line normal is maximized.
- the cores 141 (simplified in the drawing) and the cores 141 (simplified in the drawing) located on both sides of the core 14 ⁇ located at the center are formed by angles ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (— ⁇ ) with respect to the normal line of each center line. Is connected to the second slab waveguide 16 so that the minimum value is obtained.
- the angle ⁇ between the center line of each core and the normal of the Roland circle is defined on the central core 14 ⁇ side. Accordingly, in each of the core 14 ⁇ at one end and the core 14 ⁇ at the other end, the polarity (direction) of the angle Na formed by the center line and the normal of the Roland circle is opposite.
- the angle a X n (-n) between the center line of each core 14 n—14 ⁇ except the core 14 ⁇ located at the center and the normal of the Roland circle is shown in FIG.
- ⁇ the two lights condensed from the both ends on the input side of the slab waveguide 16 to the center on the output side advance.
- the sum of the power distance (the optical path length of the optical path marked with ⁇ ) and the force at one end of the input side of the slab waveguide 16 are also collected at both ends of the output side.
- the angle between the center line of each core 14 n—14 ⁇ and the normal of the Roland circle is the center line of the core located on both sides of the core 14 ⁇ located at the center and the normal of the Roland circle.
- the output end of the (output) slab waveguide connected to the output side of the arrayed waveguide is duplicated.
- a core 14 ⁇ -14 ⁇ (excluding 14 ⁇ ) connected to an output port 16— ⁇ —16 ⁇ other than the output port 16 ⁇ located on the center line is
- Each center line is connected to a predetermined position of the second slab waveguide 16 such that the farther away from the central core 14 ⁇ , the larger the angle between the center line and the normal of the Rowland circle becomes. It can be considered that the transmission characteristics could be matched to the field distribution shape at the focal point of the second (output side) slab waveguide.
- a multiplexed optical signal is input to the input waveguide 12 from, for example, a single mode fiber (SMF).
- the output waveguide 14 outputs a demultiplexed optical signal to a plurality of single mode fibers (SMF) connected to the output side of the arrayed waveguide type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 10. Is done.
- the optical signal input to the output waveguide 14 is input via the input waveguide 12 by the first slab waveguide 15, the array waveguide 13, and the second slab waveguide 16.
- the input multiplex signal is an individual output at a predetermined wavelength interval that has been split.
- the connection loss (coupling loss) between each core of the output waveguide 14 and the second slab waveguide 16 is minimized for the reason described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment for connecting the output-side slab waveguide and the output waveguide described above with reference to FIG.
- the same components as those described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- an arbitrary number of cores other than the central core 114 ⁇ of the output waveguide 114 define the output end of the second slab waveguide 16, respectively.
- the output ports 16- ⁇ and 16 ⁇ are connected to each other (similar to the example shown in FIG. 2).
- a taper having a large cross-sectional diameter on the slab waveguide side is formed at a connection portion of each core 114 ⁇ -114 ⁇ with the slab waveguide 16.
- the taper is formed asymmetrically with respect to the normal to the circumference of the Rowland circle except for the center core 114 ⁇ .
- the taper provided for each core except the central core 114 ⁇ is designed so that the part on the opposite side to the central core 114 ⁇ with respect to the normal of the Stipulated.
- the cores 114 ⁇ and 114 ⁇ connected to both ends of the second slab waveguide 16 have portions on the side opposite to the core located at the center with respect to the center line normal. Is given the specified taper so that is largest.
- the taper given to each of the core 114-1 (simplified in the drawing) and the core 1141 (simplified in the drawing) located on both sides of the core 114 ⁇ located at the center is based on the center line normal.
- the size (size of the asymmetric part) is smaller than the size of the tapered asymmetric part of the other cores. And the smallest.
- FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment for connecting the output side slab waveguide and the output waveguide described above with reference to FIG.
- the same components as those described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description will be omitted.
- an arbitrary number of cores other than the central core 214 ⁇ of the output waveguide 214 define the output end of the second slab waveguide 16 respectively.
- the output ports 16- ⁇ and 16 ⁇ are connected to each other (similar to the example shown in FIG. 2).
- connection between each core 214- ⁇ -214 ⁇ and the slab waveguide 16 is formed in a parabolic shape whose cross-sectional diameter on the side of the slab waveguide is large.
- the parabolic connection portion is formed asymmetrically with respect to the normal to the circumference of the Rowland circle except for the central core 214 ⁇ .
- the parabolic connecting portion provided on each core except the central core 214 ⁇ has a portion on the opposite side to the central core 214 ⁇ with respect to the normal of the Roland circle as the distance from the central core 214 ⁇ increases. It is specified to be larger.
- the core connected to each of the plurality of output ports at the output end of the (output) slab waveguide connected to the output side of the arrayed waveguide is connected to the center from the center of the slab waveguide.
- An asymmetrical taper in which the angle between the normal of the Roland circle and the normal to the Roland circle is changed according to the distance, and the size of the part on the side opposite to the core located in the center opposite to the normal is increased.
- FIG. 5 shows transmission characteristics of the present invention to which the connection between the slab waveguide and the output waveguide described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 is applied. Note that in Fig. 5, the transmission characteristics are Gaussian distribution examples. Is shown.
- the degree of loss of an optical signal from wavelengths ⁇ 1 to ⁇ ⁇ used as channels n to n is determined by the ⁇ channels and ⁇ channels located at both ends as compared with the central 0 channel. It can be seen that in the channel, the loss level has been improved and the difference between the center and both ends has been reduced compared to the example using the well-known connection method shown by the dotted line for comparison. That is, when the present application is indicated by ⁇ and the comparative example is indicated by ⁇ , the uniformity, which is the difference between the center and both ends, is ⁇ ⁇ , and it is recognized that the uniformity is improved by the present application.
- FIG. 6 shows transmission characteristics when the connection between the slab waveguide and the output waveguide described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 is applied to a flat-top array waveguide having a flat transmission characteristic.
- the degree of loss of an optical signal from wavelengths ⁇ 1 to ⁇ ⁇ used as channels from ⁇ to ⁇ depends on the ⁇ channels and ⁇ located at both ends compared to the central 0 channel. It can be seen that in the channel, the loss level has been improved and the difference between the center and both ends has been reduced compared to the example using the well-known connection method shown by the dotted line for comparison. That is, when the present application is indicated by a and the comparative example is indicated by b, the uniformity, which is the difference between the center and both ends, is a ⁇ b, and it is recognized that the uniformity is improved by the present application.
- FIG. 7 shows transmission characteristics of the present invention to which the connection between the slab waveguide and the output waveguide described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 is applied, in a state where one arbitrary wavelength (one channel) is extracted. ing .
- FIG. 7 corresponds to FIG. 5, and shows an example of a Gaussian distribution in transmission characteristics.
- the suffix “A” is attached to the present application, and the suffix “B” is attached to the comparative example.
- the maximum insertion loss can be improved by approximately 0.7 dB and the crosstalk level can be improved by approximately 5 dB in a 40-channel Gaussian-type arrayed waveguide grating optical multiplexer / demultiplexer. Moreover, each channel has improved asymmetry It's been done! / That's confirmed!
- FIG. 8 shows a case where the connection between the slab waveguide and the output waveguide described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 is applied to a flat-top array waveguide diffraction grating type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer having a flat transmission characteristic.
- the transmission characteristics are shown in a state where one arbitrary wavelength (one channel) is extracted.
- FIG. 8 corresponds to FIG. 6 and shows an example in which the transmission characteristics are flat top. Also, as in FIG. 6, the suffix “a” is added to the present application, and the same “b” is added to the comparative example.
- the ripple characteristic of the flat-top array waveguide diffraction grating type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is also “ripple a ⁇ ripple b”, which indicates that the magnitude of the ripple has been suppressed.
- I ab I improved the maximum insertion loss by approximately 0.7 dB and the crosstalk level by approximately 5 dB in a 40-channel flat-top array waveguide diffraction grating optical multiplexer / demultiplexer. That has been confirmed. It was confirmed that the asymmetry was improved in each channel! RU
- the size of the tapered or parabolic portion may be asymmetric, and the size of the portion outside the center may be increased.
- an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating (AWG) type multiplexer / demultiplexer is provided.
- the connection loss due to the mode mismatch between the second slab waveguide and the output waveguide is reduced, and the asymmetry of the passband with respect to the center of the transmission characteristic is suppressed.
- the signal waveform is made uniform, and the bandwidth in which a predetermined level of PDL can be secured is improved.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications or changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention at the stage of its implementation.
- the embodiments may be combined as appropriate as much as possible. In such a case, the effect of the combination is obtained.
- an increase in the asymmetry of the transmission characteristics within the passband width is suppressed, the connection loss between the output waveguide and the slab waveguide is reduced, and the arrayed waveguide grating light is reduced.
- a multiplexer / demultiplexer is obtained.
- an arrayed waveguide grating optical multiplexer / demultiplexer having less crosstalk can be obtained.
- the signal waveform is made uniform, and the bandwidth in which a predetermined level of PDL can be secured is improved.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04819463A EP1688767A4 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2004-11-26 | MULTIPLEXER / DEMULTIPLEXER OF MULTI-CHANNEL ARRAY SHAFT BENDING GRID TYPE AND METHOD OF CONNECTING AN ARRAY SHAFT WITH OUTPUT SHAFT |
US11/374,776 US7231118B2 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2006-03-14 | Multichannel array waveguide diffraction grating multiplexer/demultiplexer and method of connecting array waveguide and output waveguide |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003400839A JP2005164758A (ja) | 2003-11-28 | 2003-11-28 | 多チャンネルアレイ導波路回折格子型合分波器およびアレイ導波路と出力導波路の接続方法 |
JP2003-400839 | 2003-11-28 | ||
JP2004-342787 | 2004-11-26 | ||
JP2004342787A JP2006154123A (ja) | 2004-11-26 | 2004-11-26 | 多チャンネルアレイ導波路回折格子型合分波器およびアレイ導波路と出力導波路の接続方法 |
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US11/374,776 Continuation US7231118B2 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2006-03-14 | Multichannel array waveguide diffraction grating multiplexer/demultiplexer and method of connecting array waveguide and output waveguide |
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WO2005052660A1 true WO2005052660A1 (ja) | 2005-06-09 |
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PCT/JP2004/017625 WO2005052660A1 (ja) | 2003-11-28 | 2004-11-26 | 多チャンネルアレイ導波路回折格子型合分波器およびアレイ導波路と出力導波路の接続方法 |
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US (1) | US7231118B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1688767A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100807440B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005052660A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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WO2007127755A2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-08 | Gemfire Corporation | Arrayed waveguide grating with reduced channel passband asymmetry |
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2006
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WO2007127755A2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-08 | Gemfire Corporation | Arrayed waveguide grating with reduced channel passband asymmetry |
EP2013650A2 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2009-01-14 | Gemfire Corporation | Arrayed waveguide grating with reduced channel passband asymmetry |
EP2013650A4 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2009-11-18 | Gemfire Corp | ARRAY SHAFT GRILLE WITH REDUCED CHANNEL PASSBAND ASYMMETRY |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1688767A1 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
US7231118B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 |
EP1688767A4 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
KR100807440B1 (ko) | 2008-02-25 |
KR20060097046A (ko) | 2006-09-13 |
US20060177180A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
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