WO2005052448A1 - Four tournant pour dechets potentiellement dangereux - Google Patents

Four tournant pour dechets potentiellement dangereux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005052448A1
WO2005052448A1 PCT/EP2004/007283 EP2004007283W WO2005052448A1 WO 2005052448 A1 WO2005052448 A1 WO 2005052448A1 EP 2004007283 W EP2004007283 W EP 2004007283W WO 2005052448 A1 WO2005052448 A1 WO 2005052448A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
electrodes
rotary hearth
hearth furnace
lining
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2004/007283
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Ineichen
Original Assignee
Zwilag Zwischenlager Würenlingen Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zwilag Zwischenlager Würenlingen Ag filed Critical Zwilag Zwischenlager Würenlingen Ag
Priority to JP2006540190A priority Critical patent/JP2007511732A/ja
Publication of WO2005052448A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005052448A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/202—Rotary drum furnace rotating around substantially vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/508—Providing additional energy for combustion, e.g. by using supplementary heating
    • F23G2900/51001—Providing additional energy for combustion, e.g. by using supplementary heating using arc discharge electrodes to provide heat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace, in particular a rotary hearth furnace for waste with potential Ge, especially for radioactive and toxic waste.
  • furnaces such as. B. induction furnaces, arc furnaces or plasma furnaces for the treatment of toxic and / or radioactive waste are known.
  • inert atmosphere in the plasma furnace and the high arc temperatures of 10000 ° C to 15000 ° C lead to a complete decomposition of the materials to be treated. Solid residues of these materials can in turn be fixed in a glass matrix and thus encapsulated in relation to the environment.
  • EP 0 636 839 B1 describes a rotary hearth furnace with such a plasma torch energy source.
  • the cylindrical furnace chamber of the plasma rotary hearth furnace has a central pouring opening located in the axis of rotation, through which the glazed residues of the decomposed waste are poured.
  • the energy required for the decomposition is supplied by means of a transferring arc plasma torch which is in electrical contact with the bottom of the furnace or parts thereof.
  • Graphite stones or electrically conductive, thermally resistant ramming compounds are usually used in the furnace floor for the electrical coupling of the transferring direct current plasma torch.
  • these conductive materials have a number of disadvantages. Depending on the chemical composition settlement of the melt to be treated, these electrically conductive materials have an insufficient service life.
  • the furnace or the furnace floor lining only withstands the stress of the company for a limited period of time. Frequent renewals of the furnace floor lining are the result.
  • thermal loads occur in the furnace construction in the vicinity of the furnace floor lining. Active cooling may even be necessary here.
  • a furnace floor lining made of electrically conductive materials it is not possible to provide a safety insulation layer which could prevent the risk of a furnace breakthrough in or on the furnace structure underneath.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known and, in particular, to provide a furnace for the plasma combustion and melting technology with improved current flow in the furnace bottom and to increase the service life.
  • the furnace according to the invention for the plasma combustion and melting technology contains a furnace trough (centrifuge) with furnace bottom and furnace side wall, the furnace centrifuge having a thermally and chemically resistant lining material on the inside, and a pouring opening preferably arranged in the axis of rotation of the rotary hearth furnace.
  • the resistant brick lining material leads electrodes into the furnace chamber.
  • the invention offers Shielding the furnace structure against the effects of combustion, a number of advantages.
  • the service life of the rotary hearth furnace is significantly extended, since the lining material does not have to be used for the transmission of the electrical current.
  • the use of electrodes, which are sealed by the lining material, on the one hand results in a safe current supply and improved control engineering aspects. It is important for the arrangement of the electrodes in the lining that an even current flow is guaranteed under the intended operating conditions.
  • the electrodes should therefore be arranged on the base surface at a predetermined distance from one another so that an interruption of the plasma torch arc can be ruled out.
  • This maximum distance is dependent on electrical parameters such as voltage, current, the distance to the plasma electrode and the conductivity of materials, in particular liquid, viscous or possibly largely solid materials, which may be located in the furnace pan during operation.
  • the thickness of such a loading of the furnace trough also influences the maximum distance. This maximum distance can easily be determined for the person skilled in the art on the basis of experience and the specified working parameters.
  • Uniform plasma generation therefore preferably means a constant energy / current flow according to the parameters specified by the control.
  • At least 60 electrodes are preferably arranged per m 2 of area of the furnace floor. This number of electrodes is each also depending on the furnace geometry, the dimensions of the electrodes, the plasma torch output and the waste spectrum to be processed. For example, more electrodes must be used for electrodes with a small cross-section.
  • Electrodes which consist of steel or Cu alloys are preferably used in the rotary hearth furnace according to the invention. Such electrodes have several advantages. On the one hand, the materials of these electrodes have very good electrical conductivity, so that the size of the electrodes can be chosen to be smaller and the applied electrical parameters, especially the voltage, can be kept lower. On the other hand, the electrodes can be produced and exchanged separately from the lining of the furnace trough, whereby a further cost advantage in production and maintenance can be achieved.
  • the cross section of the electrodes preferably has a dimension between 5 and 60 mm, preferably between 10 and 50 mm.
  • the length of the electrodes is between 250 and 800 mm, preferably between 300 and 700 mm, or is determined depending on the required floor lining thickness.
  • a uniform size of the cross section is advantageously chosen, so that a simple production of the lining of the furnace floor is possible. Due to the necessary inclination of the furnace floor towards that in the center, i.e.
  • the required length of the electrodes used can vary depending on the distance to the pour opening in the pour opening arranged in the axis of rotation.
  • the lining material for the furnace trough is advantageously selected from the resistant materials usually used in furnace construction.
  • Exemplary materials are casting compounds, ramming compounds, cast or pressed shaped blocks, in particular special of corundum, chromium corundum and / or mixtures containing high alumina. Combinations of these different materials are also conceivable.
  • the selection of these masonry or refractory materials can largely be geared to requirements with regard to service life, without being significantly restricted by requirements for the power supply.
  • the pouring opening is likewise advantageously designed as a central opening in a one-piece block (pouring stone) of a lining material. This ensures that the melting material flowing out cannot damage the furnace structure in the region of the pouring opening.
  • the structural separation of the cast stone from the rest of the furnace floor makes it easier to manufacture and maintain the furnace pan. An expansion of the pouring opening due to material erosion can be reduced or even avoided by choosing an appropriate lining material.
  • the electrodes on the underside of the furnace floor lining are electrically conductively connected to the furnace floor support structure, preferably made of steel.
  • the furnace floor lining preferably has a layer structure. This contains a layer of the lining material on the inside, ie the side facing a reaction chamber, and at least one stabilization or insulation layer. The stabilization or insulation layer rests on the furnace floor support structure.
  • This furnace floor support structure is designed to be electrically conductive and is connected to the electrical circuit by means of several current collector brushes. Particularly good stability properties result if the electrodes are directly connected to this furnace floor support structure in a form-fitting manner.
  • the electrodes are preferably arranged with their longitudinal axis slightly inclined with respect to the surface of the furnace floor support structure. This arrangement avoids structural weak points in the transition area between the electrode and the surrounding lining material.
  • the contact surface of the electrode at the interface with the support structure has an oval cross section.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the furnace floor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified illustration of an oven 1 according to the invention.
  • the furnace 1 comprises the furnace trough 2 and a furnace floor support structure 9 for the furnace trough 2.
  • the furnace trough contains a support structure 8 for the furnace wall lining 4, stabilization or insulation structures 10, 11, 12 and a casting stone 13 with the centrally arranged, that is, the pouring opening 6 coinciding with the axis of rotation R.
  • the furnace wall 4 and the furnace floor lining 3 are supported by the stabilization or insulation layers 10, 11, 12.
  • the electrodes 7 for current conduction for the plasma arc generation are arranged on four circles arranged concentrically around the pouring opening 6.
  • the electrodes also pass through the stabilization or insulation layer 10, 11, 12 and hen with the furnace floor support structure 9 in electrical contact.
  • the current collector brushes 14 are indicated in FIG. 1.
  • the furnace floor support structure 9 has a U-shaped cross-sectional profile that is open at the top, so that the support structure 8 is encompassed.
  • the current collector brushes 14, their holders 15 and the cables 16 provide the electrical connection for closing the circuit for the plasma generation.
  • the rotary hearth furnace is set in rotation by means of drive units 20.
  • the bearing bracket 18 is in turn supported on a stationary bearing 17.
  • FIG. 30 A specific arrangement for the electrodes 7 is shown in FIG. 30 electrodes 7 each are arranged concentrically around the pouring opening 6 on four circles of different sizes.
  • the electrodes 7 made of steel St 37-2 have a diameter of 15 mm and a length between 411 and 436 mm.
  • the length differences result due to the inclination of the furnace floor 3 and the horizontally arranged furnace floor support structure 9, the longer electrodes 7 are arranged on the circles with the larger circumference.
  • the differences in the diameters are in each case 200 mm, the smallest circle diameter being 1085 mm is.
  • the inner diameter of the furnace side wall 4 is 2041 mm.
  • the casting opening 6 has a diameter of 80 mm
  • the casting stone 13 has an outer diameter on the furnace bottom 3 of 460 mm or 640 mm.
  • the sequence of the individual components of the rotary hearth furnace 1, with a procedure from the outside in, is as follows:
  • the electrical connection through the cable 16, the holder 15 and the current collector brushes 14 are above the bearing structure 18 in the plan view
  • the support structure 8 and lining 5 of the furnace trough 2 follow in the direction of the furnace center.
  • the lining 5 consists of casting compounds, ramming compounds, cast or pressed shaped blocks, in particular of corundum, chromium corundum and / or mixtures containing high alumina.
  • the radially offset arrangement of the electrodes 7 in relation to the electrodes in the adjacent arrangement circles is clearly recognizable in the plan view.
  • the electrodes 7 are each separated by an angle Al of 12 °.
  • the minimum angle A2 between two electrodes 7 located on radially successive arrangement circles is 6 °.
  • the arrangement of the electrodes 7 and their dimensions are for a current of a plasma torch with a maximum output of 1.2 MW, respectively. designed for a maximum operating current of 2000 A.
  • the dimensioning and arrangement of the electrodes must be adjusted accordingly for changed operating conditions.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Abstract

Selon la présente invention, le flux de courant nécessaire dans un four tournant (1) pour la production d'un arc plasma à courant continu de transfert est produit par une pluralité d'électrodes (7) situées à l'intérieur de la sole (3) du four. La disposition des électrodes (7) dans l'espace ainsi que leur taille est essentiellement influencée par les conditions de fonctionnement prévues.
PCT/EP2004/007283 2003-11-18 2004-07-03 Four tournant pour dechets potentiellement dangereux WO2005052448A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006540190A JP2007511732A (ja) 2003-11-18 2004-07-03 潜在的危険性のある廃棄物材料用の回転炉床炉

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405818A EP1533567A1 (fr) 2003-11-18 2003-11-18 Four à sole tournante pour déchets dangereux
EP03405818.0 2003-11-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005052448A1 true WO2005052448A1 (fr) 2005-06-09

Family

ID=34429620

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2004/007283 WO2005052448A1 (fr) 2003-11-18 2004-07-03 Four tournant pour dechets potentiellement dangereux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1533567A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007511732A (fr)
KR (1) KR20060123333A (fr)
CN (1) CN1882806A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005052448A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101737786B (zh) * 2009-12-24 2012-08-08 童加增 一种等离子熔融裂解处理设备

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106734166A (zh) * 2016-12-23 2017-05-31 核工业西南物理研究院 低温等离子体处理持久性有机物污染土壤的装置
CN108178472A (zh) * 2018-02-24 2018-06-19 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 一种油污泥等离子处理系统及方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779182A (en) * 1972-08-24 1973-12-18 S Camacho Refuse converting method and apparatus utilizing long arc column forming plasma torches
US4829538A (en) * 1984-03-14 1989-05-09 Didier-Werke Ag Furnace hearth
EP0428150A1 (fr) * 1989-11-14 1991-05-22 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Electrode de fond pour four à arc à courant continu
US5281790A (en) * 1991-07-24 1994-01-25 Hydro Quebec Process of immobilizing ashes by vitrification thereof in a plasma reactor
EP0636839A2 (fr) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-01 Retech, Inc. Réacteur pour la fusion et l'incinération de déchets avec refroidissement et conduction électrique améliorés
US6355904B1 (en) * 1996-06-07 2002-03-12 Science Applications International Corporation Method and system for high-temperature waste treatment

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779182A (en) * 1972-08-24 1973-12-18 S Camacho Refuse converting method and apparatus utilizing long arc column forming plasma torches
US4829538A (en) * 1984-03-14 1989-05-09 Didier-Werke Ag Furnace hearth
EP0428150A1 (fr) * 1989-11-14 1991-05-22 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Electrode de fond pour four à arc à courant continu
US5281790A (en) * 1991-07-24 1994-01-25 Hydro Quebec Process of immobilizing ashes by vitrification thereof in a plasma reactor
EP0636839A2 (fr) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-01 Retech, Inc. Réacteur pour la fusion et l'incinération de déchets avec refroidissement et conduction électrique améliorés
US6355904B1 (en) * 1996-06-07 2002-03-12 Science Applications International Corporation Method and system for high-temperature waste treatment

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101737786B (zh) * 2009-12-24 2012-08-08 童加增 一种等离子熔融裂解处理设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1533567A1 (fr) 2005-05-25
JP2007511732A (ja) 2007-05-10
KR20060123333A (ko) 2006-12-01
CN1882806A (zh) 2006-12-20

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