WO2005047513A2 - Der glycin decarboxylase komplex als herbizides target - Google Patents
Der glycin decarboxylase komplex als herbizides target Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005047513A2 WO2005047513A2 PCT/EP2004/052816 EP2004052816W WO2005047513A2 WO 2005047513 A2 WO2005047513 A2 WO 2005047513A2 EP 2004052816 W EP2004052816 W EP 2004052816W WO 2005047513 A2 WO2005047513 A2 WO 2005047513A2
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8274—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for herbicide resistance
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
Definitions
- the glycine decarboxylase complex as a herbicidal target
- the present invention relates to the use of the glycine decarboxylase complex, which causes growth retardations and chlorotic leaves as a target for herbicides when not present.
- new nucleic acid sequences comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 and functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 1 are provided.
- the present invention relates to the use of the glycine decarboxylase complex and its functional equivalents in a method for identifying compounds having a herbicidal or growth-regulating action, and to the use of these compounds identified via the method as herbicides or growth regulators.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to identify new targets that are essential for the growth of plants or their Inhibition for the plant lead to reduced growth, and to provide methods which are suitable for identifying compounds with herbicidal and / or growth-regulating activity.
- the object was achieved by using the glycine decarboxylase complex in a method for identifying herbicides.
- affinity tag denotes a peptide or polypeptide whose coding nucleic acid sequence can be fused with the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention directly or by means of a linker using common cloning techniques.
- the affinity tag is used for the isolation, enrichment and / or targeted purification of the recombinant target protein by means of affinity chromatography
- the above-mentioned linker can advantageously contain a protease interface (e.g. for thrombin or factor Xa), as a result of which the affinity tag can be cleaved from the target protein if necessary.
- affinity tags are the "His tag” e.g. by Quiagen, Hilden, "Strep-Tag", the “yc-Tag” (Invitrogen, Carlsberg), the chitin-binding domain and an intein from New England Biolabs, the maltose-binding protein (pMal) from New England Biolabs and the so-called Novagen CBD Tag.
- the affinity tag can be attached to the 5 'or 3' end of the coding nucleic acid sequence with the sequence coding for the target protein.
- Activity The term “activity” describes the ability of an enzyme to convert a substrate into a product. The activity can be determined in a so-called activity test via the increase in the product, the decrease in the substrate (or starting material) or the decrease in a specific cofactor or via a combination of at least two of the above-mentioned parameters depending on a defined period of time.
- Activity of the glycine decarboxylase complex here means the ability of an enzyme to convert glycine to carbon dioxide, ammonium, water and a methylene group transferred to tetrahydrofolate with reduction of NAD + to NADH + H + .
- the reaction can be measured, for example, on the isolated glycine decarboxylase complex in the presence of NAD + , glycine and tetrahydrofolate by photometric detection of the NADH formation at 340 nm.
- activity of subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex here denotes the ability of an enzyme to react with glycine with elimination of carbon dioxide and water and thereby bind an aminomethyl group.
- Activity of subunit L of the glycine decarboxylase complex here denotes the ability of an enzyme to oxidize a dihydroliponic prosthetic group of the H subunit of the glycine decarboxylase complex by converting NAD + to NADH and H + to lipoic acid.
- Activity of subunit T of the glycine decarboxylase complex refers here to the ability of an enzyme to react with the aminomethyl group of the lipoic acid adduct of subunit H of the glycine decarboxylase complex and thereby transfer a methylene group to tetrahydofolate while splitting off an ammonium ion and to transfer a dihydroliponic acid prosthetic group to the the H subunit of the glycine decarboxylase complex.
- activity of subunit H of the glycine decarboxylase complex here denotes the ability of an enzyme to covalently bind an aminomethyl group to a lipoic acid prosthetic group and to pass this on to subunit T of the glycine decarboxylase complex.
- An expression cassette contains a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention functionally linked with at least one genetic control element, such as a promoter, and advantageously with a further control element, such as a terminator.
- the expression cassette can be, for example, a genomic or a complementary DNA sequence or an RNA sequence and semisynthetic or fully synthetic analogues thereof. These sequences can be in linear or circular form, extra-chromosomal or integrated into the genome.
- the corresponding nucleic acid sequences can be produced synthetically or obtained naturally or a mixture of synthetic and natural DNA components contain, and consist of different heterologous gene segments of different organisms.
- Artificial nucleic acid sequences are also suitable here, as long as they enable expression of a polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention with the activity of the glycine decarboxylase complex in a cell or an organism.
- synthetic nucleotide sequences can be generated which have been optimized with regard to the codon usage of the organisms to be transformed.
- nucleotide sequences mentioned above can be produced in a manner known per se by chemical synthesis from the nucleotide building blocks, for example by fragment condensation of individual overlapping, complementary nucleotide building blocks of the double helix.
- the chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides can be carried out, for example, in a known manner using the phosphoamidite method (Voet, Voet, 2nd edition, Wiley Press New York, pages 896-897).
- various DNA fragments can be manipulated so that a nucleotide sequence with the correct reading direction and correct reading frame is obtained.
- the nucleic acid fragments are connected to one another using general cloning techniques, as described, for example, in T.
- a functional or operative linkage means the sequential arrangement of regulatory sequences or genetic control elements in such a way that each of the regulatory sequences or each of the genetic control elements can fulfill its function as intended when expressing the coding sequence.
- “Functional equivalents” here describe nucleic acid sequences which, under standard conditions, contain a nucleic acid sequence (here SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7 or SEQ ID NO: 9) or parts of one
- Nucleic acid sequence hybridize and are capable of causing the expression of at least one polypeptide with the activity of a subunit P, H, L or T of the glycine decarboxylase complex in a cell or an organism.
- oligonucleotides For hybridization, it is advantageous to use short oligonucleotides with a length of about 10-50 bp, preferably 15-40 bp, for example of the conserved or other areas, which can be determined by comparison with other related genes in a manner known to the person skilled in the art.
- longer fragments of the nucleic acids according to the invention with a length of 100-500 bp or the complete sequences for the hybridization can also be used.
- the length of the fragment or the complete sequence or depending on the type of nucleic acid, i.e. DNA or RNA used for hybridization vary these standard conditions. For example, the melting temperatures for DNA: DNA hybrids are approx. 10 ° C lower than those of DNA: RNA hybrids of the same length.
- DNA hybrids are advantageously 0.1 ⁇ SSC and temperatures between approximately 20 ° C. to 65 ° C., preferably between approximately 30 ° C. to 45 ° C.
- DNA: RNA hybrids the hybridization conditions are advantageously 0.1 ⁇ SSC and temperatures between approximately 30 ° C.
- These specified temperatures for the hybridization are, for example, calculated melting temperature values for a nucleic acid with a length of approx. 100 nucleotides and a G + C content of 50% in the absence of formamide.
- the experimental conditions for DNA hybridization are described in relevant textbooks on genetics, such as, for example, Sambrook et al., "Molecular Cloning", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1989, and can be made according to formulas known to the person skilled in the art, for example, depending on the length of the nucleic acids , the type of hybrid or the G + C content. The person skilled in the art can obtain further information on hybridization from the following textbooks: Ausubel et al.
- nucleic acid sequences which are homologous or identical up to a defined percentage with a certain nucleic acid sequence (“original nucleic acid sequence) and have the same activity of the original nucleic acid sequences, furthermore in particular also natural or artificial mutations of these nucleic acid sequences.
- the present invention also encompasses, for example, nucleotide sequences which are obtained by modification of the nucleic acid sequences mentioned above.
- modifications can be exemplified by techniques familiar to the person skilled in the art, such as “site directed mutagenesis”, “error prone PCR”, “DNA shuffling” (Nature 370, 1994, pp. 389-391) or “staggered extension process” (Nature Biotechnol. 16, 1998, pp.258-261).
- the aim of such a modification can e.g. the insertion of further restriction enzyme interfaces, the removal of DNA to shorten the sequence, the exchange of nucleotides for codon optimization or the addition of further sequences. Proteins that are encoded via modified nucleic acid sequences must still have the desired functions despite a different nucleic acid sequence.
- Functional equivalents thus include naturally occurring variants of the sequences described herein as well as artificial, e.g. nucleic acid sequences obtained by chemical synthesis and adapted to codon use or the amino acid sequences derived therefrom.
- Gene control sequence describes sequences which have an influence on the transcription and, if appropriate, translation of the nucleic acids according to the invention in prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms. Examples of this are promoters, terminators or so-called “enhancer” sequences. In addition to these control sequences or instead of these sequences, the natural regulation of these sequences may still be present before the actual structural genes and may have been genetically modified such that the natural
- control sequence is selected depending on the host organism or starting organism. Genetic control sequences also include the 5 'untranslated region, introns or the non-coding 3' region of genes. Control sequences are also to be understood as those which enable homologous recombination or insertion into the genome of a host organism or which allow removal from the genome. Genetic control sequences also include further promoters, promoter elements or minimal promoters, and sequences which influence the chromatin structure (for example matrix attachment regions (MAR's)) and which can modify the expression-controlling properties. Genetic control sequences can, for example, also result in tissue-specific expression depending on certain stress factors.
- MAR's matrix attachment regions
- Corresponding elements are, for example, water stress, abscisic acid (Lam E and Chua NH, J Biol Chem 1991; 266 (26): 17131 -17135), cold and dry stress (Plant Cell 1994, (6): 251-264) and heat stress (Molecular & General Genetics, 1989, 217 (2-3): 246-53).
- “Homology” between two nucleic acid sequences or polypeptide sequences is defined by the identity of the nucleic acid sequence / polypeptide sequence over the respective total length of the sequence, which can be determined by comparison using the GAP alignment (according to Needleman and Wunsch 1970, J. Mol. Biol. 48; 443-453 ) setting the following parameters for nucleic acids
- Gap Weight 50 Length Weight: 3
- Natural genetic environment means the natural chromosomal locus in the organism of origin.
- the natural genetic environment of the nucleic acid sequence is preferably at least partially preserved.
- the environment flanks the nucleic acid sequence at least on the 5 'or 3' side and has a sequence length of at least 50 bp, preferably at least 100 bp, particularly preferably at least 500 bp, very particularly preferably at least 1000 bp, most preferably at least 5000 bp.
- Plants in the sense of the invention are plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants such as seeds, bulbs, flowers, pollen, fruits, seedlings, roots, leaves, stems or other parts of plants. Plants are also understood to mean propagation material such as seeds, fruits, seedlings, cuttings, tubers, cuts or rhizomes.
- Response time means the time it takes for a test to determine the enzymatic activity to obtain significant information about an enzymatic activity and depends both on the specific activity of the protein used in the test and on the method used and the Sensitivity of the devices used. The determination of the reaction times is known to the person skilled in the art. In methods based on photometric methods for identifying compounds with a herbicidal action, the reaction times are, for example, generally between> 0 to 120 minutes.
- Recombinant DNA describes a combination of DNA sequences that can be produced by recombinant DNA technology.
- Recombinant DNA technology generally known techniques for fusing DNA sequences (e.g. described in Sambrook et al., 1989, Cold Spring Habour, NY, Cold Spring Habour Laboratory Press).
- Replication origins ensure the multiplication of the expression cassettes or vectors according to the invention in microorganisms and yeasts, e.g. the pBR322 ori or the P15A ori in E. coli (Sambrook et al .: "Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory
- Reporter genes code for easily quantifiable proteins. These genes can be used to evaluate the transformation efficiency or the expression site or time via growth, fluorescence, chemo, bioluminescence or resistance assay or via photometric measurement (intrinsic color) or enzyme activity. Reporter proteins (Schenborn E, Groskreutz D. Mol Biotechnol. 1999; 13 (1): 29-44) such as "green fluorescence protein” (GFP) (Gerdes HH and Kaether C, FEBS Lett. 1996) are very particularly preferred ; 389 (1): 44-47; Chui WL et al., Curr Biol 1996, 6: 325-330; Leffel SM et al.,
- GFP green fluorescence protein
- Selection markers confer resistance to antibiotics or other toxic compounds: Examples include the neomycin phosphotransferase gene, which is resistant to the aminoglycoside antibiotics neomycin (G 418), kanamycin, paromycin (Deshayes A et al., EMBO J. 4 (1985) 2731-2737), the sul gene coding for a mutated dihydropteroate synthase (Guerineau F et al., Plant Mol Biol. 1990; 15 (1): 127-136), the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene (Gen Bank Accession NO: K 01193) and the shble resistance gene, which is resistant to bleomycin antibiotics such as. Zeocin gives. Further examples of selection marker genes are genes which are resistant to 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (WO
- phosphinotricin etc. those which confer anti-metabolite resistance, for example the dhfr gene (Reiss, Plant Physiol. (Life Sei. Adv.) 13 (1994) 142-149). Also suitable are genes such as trpB or hisD (Hartman SC and Mulligan RC, Proc Natl Acad Sei U S A. 85 (1988) 8047-8051).
- Mannose-phosphate isomerase WO 94/20627
- ODC ornithine decarboxylase
- the deaminase are also suitable from Aspergillus terreus (Tamura K et al., Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 59 (1995) 2336-2338).
- Transformation describes a process for introducing heterologous DNA into a pro- or eukaryotic cell. With a transformed cell is not just the product described the transformation process itself, but also all transgenic descendants of the transgenic organism produced by the transformation
- Target / Target Protein a polypeptide encodes the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention, which can be an enzyme in the classical sense or e.g. a structural protein, a protein relevant for development processes, regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases, receptors, subunits of channels, transport proteins, regulatory subunits which give an enzyme complex substrate or activity regulation. What all targets or sites of action have in common is that their functional presence is essential for survival or normal development and growth.
- Transgene Relating to a nucleic acid sequence, an expression cassette or a vector containing a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention or an organism transformed with the above-mentioned nucleic acid sequence,
- the expression transgenic describes all such constructions produced by genetic engineering methods in which either the nucleic acid sequence of the target protein or a genetic control sequence functionally linked to the nucleic acid sequence of the target protein or a combination of the abovementioned possibilities are not in their natural genetic environment or were modified by genetic engineering methods.
- the modification can be achieved here, for example, by mutating one or more nucleotide residues of the corresponding nucleic acid sequence.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 partial nucleic acid sequence of the P subunit of the Gycin decarboxylase complex from Nicotiana tabacuum
- SEQ ID NO: 2 partial amino acid sequence of the P subunit of the Gycin decarboxylase complex from Nicotiana tabacuum
- SEQ ID NO: 3 nucleic acid sequence of the P subunit of the Gycin decarboxylase complex from Arabidopsis thaliana
- SEQ ID NO: 4 amino acid sequence of the P subunit of the Gycin decarboxylase complex from Arabidopsis thaliana
- SEQ ID NO: 5 nucleic acid sequence of the L subunit of the Gycin decarboxylase complex from Arabidopsis thaliana
- SEQ ID NO: 7 nucleic acid sequence of the T subunit of the Gycin decarboxylase complex from Arabidopsis thaliana
- SEQ ID NO: 8 amino acid sequence of the T subunit of the Gycin decarboxylase complex from Arabidopsis thaliana ID NO: 9 nucleic acid sequence of the H subunit of the Gycin decarboxylase complex from Arabidopsis thaliana S
- the degradation of glycine in the mitochondria plays a special role in plants.
- the oxygenase side reaction of ribulose bisphosphate decarboxylase (RUBISCO) leads to the formation of 2-phoshoglycolate during photosynthesis, which must be metabolized in the photorespiratory pathway under ATP consumption in order to prevent photoinhibition.
- the glycine formed in the peroxisomes during photorespiration is converted by the glycine decarboxylase complex.
- the glycine decarboxylase complex is composed of four enzyme subunits, subunit P, subunit H, subunit L, and subunit T proteins.
- the P subunit activates the glycine in the initial step by binding to a pyridoxal phosphate and decarboxylates it with C0 2 elimination.
- the remaining aminomethyl group is transferred to the dihydrolipoic acid group of the H subunit.
- a Ci unit is transferred to the tetrahydrofolate group of the T subunit.
- the reduced dihydroliponic acid group thus restored is reoxidized using the L subunit with NAD reduction.
- the Ci unit is eventually transferred from the serine hydroxymethyl transferase to glycine, thereby forming serine.
- subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex was investigated by means of antisense inhibition of subunit P in potatoes. These plants had an approximately 50% reduced activity of the glycine decarboxylase complex as well as an increased glycine concentration, but a pronounced effect on the vitality of the plants could not be determined (Heineke et al 2001, Planta 212, p.880ff., Winzer et al. 2001, Annais of Applied Biology 138, pp. 9ff.). Furthermore, barley mutants with approximately 50% lower H-protein and GDC activity show neither visible growth problems nor increased glycine concentrations.
- the toxin victorin from the fungus Cochliobolus victoriae has been described as an inhibitor of GDC activity.
- bleaching of the leaf tissue can be observed at the infection site.
- the H protein of the Gylcin decarboxylase complex was identified as the binding site of this approx. 900 Dalton natural product.
- Victorin leads to the inhibition of GDC activity in vitro (Navarre and Wolpert 1995, The Plant Cell 7, p.463ff).
- the present invention relates to the use of the glycine decarboxylase complex in a method for identifying herbicides, which consists of the subunits P, L (EC 1.8.1.4), T (EC 2.1.2.10) and H, or the subunit P, L , H or T, preferably the use of the glycine decarboxylase complex or the use of the subunit P.
- the use of the glycine decarboxylase complex is particularly preferred, which is characterized in that a) the subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence which: i) a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or in SEQ ID NO: 3; or ii) a nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4 on the basis of the degenerated genetic code; or iii) derives a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 3, which has an identity with the SEQ ID NO: 3 of at least 59%; includes; and or
- the subunit L of the glycine decarboxylase complex is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence which: i) a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5; or ii) a nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 on the basis of the degenerate genetic code by back-translation; or iii) derives a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 5, which has an identity with SEQ ID NO: 5 of at least 69%; includes; and or
- the subunit T of the glycine decarboxylase complex is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence which: i) a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7; or ii) a nucleic acid sequence which, owing to the degenerate genetic code, is converted back from the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 derived amino acid sequence can be derived; or iii) derives a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 7, which has an identity with the SEQ ID NO: 7 of at least 68%; includes; and or
- the subunit H of the glycine decarboxylase complex is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence which: i) a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; or ii) a nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 on the basis of the degenerate genetic code by back-translation; or iii) derives a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 9, which has an identity with the SEQ ID NO: 9 of at least 64%; includes.
- the functional equivalents according to a) iii), b) iii), c) iii) and d) iii) are characterized by the same functionality, i.e. they have the activity of subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex (a) iii)) or the activity of subunit L of the glycine decarboxylase complex (b) iii)) or the activity of subunit T of the glycine decarboxylase complex (c) iii) ) or the activity of subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex (d) iii)).
- a subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase according to (a) iii) or of a subunit L of the glycine decarboxylase complex according to (b) iii)) or of a subunit T of the glycine decarboxylase complex according to (c) iii) ) prefers.
- the use of a subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex according to (d) iii)) is particularly preferred.
- nucleic acid sequences or “comprising” based on nucleic acid sequences means that the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention can contain additional nucleic acid sequences at the 3 'and / or at the 5' end, the length of the additional Nucleic acid sequences 500 bp at the 5 'and 500 bp 3' end of the nucleic acid sequences according to the invention, preferably not exceeding 250 bp at the 5 'and 250 bp at the 3' end, particularly preferably 100 bp at the 5 'and 100 bp at the 3' end.
- Functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 3 according to a) iii) according to the invention preferably have a homology with SEQ ID No: 3 of at least 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65% or 66% at least 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72% or 73% preferably at least 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79% or 80% preferably at least 81%, 82% , 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92% or 93% particularly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97% , 98% or 99%.
- Tritordeum (Gen Bank Acc. No. AF024589), Avena sativa (Gen Bank Acc. No.
- Arabidopsis thaliana (Gen Bank Acc. No. BT000446), Arabidopsis thaliana (Gen Bank Acc. No. AY091186),
- Flaveria anomala Gen Bank Acc. No. Z99762
- Flaveria pringlei (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z36879)
- Flaveria pringlei (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z54239)
- Flaveria pringlei (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z25857), Flaveria trinervia (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z99767),
- Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) (Gen Bank Acc. No. AY346327)
- Functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 5 according to b) iii) according to the invention have a homology with SEQ ID No: 5 of at least 69%, preferably at least, 70%, 71%, 72% or 73%, preferably at least 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79% or 80% preferably at least 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92% or 93%, particularly preferably at least 94 %, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
- Suitable functional equivalents according to b) iii) are also the plant nucleic acid sequences coding for the subunit L of the glycine decarboxylase complex
- Pisum sativum (Gen Bank Acc. No. X62995) and Pisum sativum (Gen Bank Acc. No. X63464)
- Functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 7 according to c) iii) according to the invention have a homology with SEQ ID No: 7 of at least 68% or 69%, preferably at least 70%, 71%, 72% or 73%, preferably at least 74%, 75 %, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79% or 80% preferably at least 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 89%, 90% , 91%, 92% or 93% particularly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
- Suitable functional equivalents according to c) iii) are also the plant nucleic acid sequences coding for the subunit T of the glycine decarboxylase complex
- Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) (Gen Bank Acc. No. AK059270),
- Flaveria anomala Gene Bank Acc.No. Z71184
- Flaveria pringlei (Gen Bank Acc.No. Z25858) All of the above sequences are also the subject of the present invention.
- Functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 9 according to d) iii) according to the invention have a homology with SEQ ID No: 9 of at least 64%, 65% or 66%, preferably at least 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71% , 72% or 73% preferably at least 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79% or 80% preferably at least 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87% , 88%, 89%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92% or 93%, particularly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
- Suitable functional equivalents according to d) iii) are also the plant nucleic acid sequences coding for the subunit H of the glycine decarboxylase complex
- Oryza sativa indica cultivar-group (Gen Bank Acc. No. AF022731),
- Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) (Gen Bank Acc. No. AK058606),
- Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) (Gen Bank Acc. No. AK062851),
- Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) (Gen Bank Acc. No. AK071621),
- Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) (Gen Bank Acc. No. AK104840), Arabidopsis thaliana (Gen Bank Acc. No. AF385740),
- Arabidopsis thaliana (Gen Bank Acc. No. AY089054), Arabidopsis thaliana (Gen Bank Acc. No. AY097349),
- Triticum aestivum (Gen Bank Acc. No. AY123417)
- Flaveria anomala (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z37524),
- Flaveria anomala (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z99530),
- Flaveria pringlei (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z25855), Flaveria pringlei (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z25856),
- Flaveria pringlei (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z37522), Flaveria pringlei (Gen Bank Acc. No.
- Flaveria pringlei (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z99764)
- Flaveria pringlei (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z99765), Flaveria trinervia (Gen Bank Acc. No. Z37523),
- Flaveria trinervia Gen Bank Acc. No. Z48797
- Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Gene Bank Acc. No. U79768
- Pisum sativum Gene Bank Acc. No. J05164
- Pisum sativum Gene Bank Acc. No. X6472
- Pisum sativum Gene Bank Acc. No. X53656
- subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex is particularly preferably encoded by a nucleic acid sequence according to a) i), ii) and iii).
- nucleic acid sequences mentioned above preferably come from a plant.
- plant nucleic acid sequences coding for a polypeptide with the activity of subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex are contained in this context:
- nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 on the basis of the degenerate genetic code by back-translation;
- nucleic acid sequences coding for a polypeptide with the activity of subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex containing means nucleic acid sequences which contain a nucleic acid sequence according to a), b) or c) and which are on 3 'and / or on 5 'End may contain additional nucleic acid sequences, the length of the additional
- Nucleic acid sequences 3500 bp at the 5 'and 500 bp 3' end of the invention Nucleic acid sequences, preferably not exceeding 3100 bp at the 5 'and 250 bp at the 3' end, particularly preferably 2900 bp at the 5 'and 100 bp at the 3' end.
- nucleic acid sequences also represent suitable functional equivalents according to a) iii).
- polypeptides encoded by the aforementioned nucleic acid sequences are also claimed.
- the functional equivalents according to c) are characterized by the same functionality, i.e. they have the enzymatic, preferably biological activity of a glyoxysomal GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC,.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 The functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 1 according to the invention have an identity with SEQ ID No: 1 of at least 89%, preferably at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, particularly preferably at least 97%, 98%, 99%.
- nucleic acid sequence (s) according to the invention stands for a nucleic acid sequence / nucleic acid sequences coding for one or more subunits of the glycine decarboxylase complex or for
- Nucleic acid sequences coding for the entire glycine decarboxylase complex preferably for a nucleic acid sequence / nucleic acid sequences coding for one or more subunits of the glycine decarboxylase complex or for nucleic acid sequences coding for the total glycine decarboxylase complex, wherein
- the subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence which: i) a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or in SEQ ID NO: 3; or ii) a nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4 on the basis of the degenerated genetic code; or iii) a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID N0: 3, which has an identity with the SEQ ID NO: 3 of at least 59%, can be derived; includes; and or
- the subunit L of the glycine decarboxylase complex is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence which: i) a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5; or ii) a nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 on the basis of the degenerate genetic code by back-translation; or iii) derives a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 5 which has an identity with SEQ ID NO: 5 of at least 69%; includes; and or
- the subunit T of the glycine decarboxylase complex is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence which: i) a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7; or ii) a nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 based on the degenerate genetic code by back-translation; or iii) derives a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 7, which has an identity with the SEQ ID NO: 7 of at least 68%; includes; and or
- the subunit H of the glycine decarboxylase complex is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence which: i) a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID N0: 9; or ii) a nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 on the basis of the degenerate genetic code by back-translation; or iii) a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 9, which has an identity with SEQ ID NO: 9 of at least 64%, can be derived '; includes.
- the subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex is preferably by
- nucleic acid sequence containing a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3;
- nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 on the basis of the degenerate genetic code by back-translation;
- GDC The glycine decarboxylase complex encoded by the nucleic acid sequences according to the invention is referred to below as "GDC” for the sake of simplicity.
- the subunits P, L, T or H encoded by a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention are referred to below as P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC.
- the gene products of the nucleic acids according to the invention represent new targets for herbicides which make it possible to provide new herbicides for controlling unwanted plants. Furthermore, the gene products of the nucleic acids according to the invention represent new targets for growth regulators which make it possible to provide new growth regulators for regulating the growth of plants. Use as a target for herbicides is preferred. In the broadest sense, undesirable plants are understood to mean all plants that grow up in places where they are undesirable, for example:
- SEQ ID NO: 1 or parts of the above-mentioned nucleic acid sequence can be used for the production of hybridization probes.
- the manufacture of these probes and the conduct of the experiments are known. This can be done, for example, by the targeted production of radioactive or non-radioactive probes by means of PCR and the use of appropriately labeled oligonucleotides with subsequent hybridization experiments.
- the technologies required for this are described, for example, in T. Maniatis, E.F. Fritsch and J. Sambrook, "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual," Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1989).
- the corresponding probes can also be modified using standard technologies (Lit. SDM or random mutagenesis) so that they can be used for other purposes, e.g. as a probe that hybridizes specifically to mRNA and the corresponding coding sequences for the purpose of analyzing the corresponding sequences in other organisms.
- the above-mentioned probes can be used for the detection and isolation of functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 7 or SEQ ID NO: 9 from other plant species as well as that of SEQ ID NO: 1 belonging full length sequence from Nicotiana tabacuum can be used due to sequence identities.
- part or all of the sequence of the corresponding SEQ ID NO: 1 is used as a probe for screening in a genomic or cDNA bank of the corresponding plant species or in a computer search used for sequences of functional equivalents in electronic databases.
- Preferred plant species are the undesired plants already mentioned at the beginning.
- the invention furthermore relates to expression cassettes containing
- nucleic acid sequence containing i. a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1; or ii. a nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 on the basis of the degenerate genetic code by back-translation; or iii. a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 with an identity of at least 89% to SEQ ID NO: 1;
- GDC for the expression of GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC for use in in vitro test systems.
- GDC for the expression of GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC
- GDC or P-GDC very particularly preferably P-GDC for use in in vitro test systems.
- an expression cassette according to the invention comprises a promoter at the 5 'end of the coding sequence and a transcription termination signal at the 3' end and, if appropriate, further genetic control sequences which are functionally linked to the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention in between.
- the expression cassettes according to the invention are also to be understood as analogs which can come about, for example, from a combination of the individual nucleic acid sequences on a polynucleotide (multiple constructs), on several polynucleotides in a cell (co-transformation) or through sequential transformation.
- Expression cassettes are, for example, promoters such as cos, tac, trp, tet, Ipp, lac, laclq, T7, T5, T3, gal, trc, ara, SP6, ⁇ PR - Or in the ⁇ -PL promoter, for the expression of GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC, in gram-negative bacterial strains can be used.
- promoters such as cos, tac, trp, tet, Ipp, lac, laclq, T7, T5, T3, gal, trc, ara, SP6, ⁇ PR - Or in the ⁇ -PL promoter, for the expression of GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC, in gram-negative bacterial strains can be used.
- Further advantageous genetic control sequences are, for example, in the amy and SP02 promoters, which can be used for the expression of P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC in gram-positive bacterial strains , as well as in the yeast or fungal promoters AUG1, GPD-1, PX6, TEF, CUP1, PGK, GAP1, TPI, PH05, AOX1, GAL10 / CYC1, CYC1, OliC, ADH, TDH, Kex2, MFa or NMT or combinations of the promoters mentioned above (Degryse et al., Yeast 1995 Jun 15; 11 (7): 629-40; Romanos et al.
- Suitable genetic control sequences for expression in insect cells are the polyhedrin promoter and the p10 promoter (Luckow, V.A. and Summers, M.D. (1988) Bio / Techn. 6, 47-55).
- Advantageous genetic control sequences for expressing the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferred P-GDC in cell culture are in addition to polyadenylation sequences such as e.g. from Simian Virus 40 eukaryotic promoters of viral origin such as e.g. Promoters of Polyoma, Adenovirus 2, Cytomegalovirus or Simian Virus 40.
- Plant promoters CaMV / 35S [Franck et al., Cell 21 (1980) 285-294], PRP1 [Ward et al., Plant. Mol. Biol. 22 (1993)], SSU, OCS, LEB4, USP, STLS1, B33, NOS; FBPaseP (WO 98/18940) or contained in the ubiquitin or phaseolin promoter, preferably a plant promoter or a promoter derived from a plant virus is preferably used. Promoters are particularly preferred viral
- constitutive promoters are, for example, the promoter of nopaline synthase from Agrobacterium, the TR double promoter, the OCS (octopine synthase) promoter from Agrobacterium, the ubiquitin promoter (Holtorf S et al., Plant Mol Biol 1995, 29: 637-649) , the promoters of the vacuolar ATPase subunits or the promoter of a proline-rich protein from wheat (WO 91/13991).
- the expression cassettes can also contain a chemically inducible promoter as a genetic control sequence, by means of which the expression of the exogenous gene in the plant can be controlled at a specific point in time.
- a chemically inducible promoter such as the PRP1 promoter (Ward et al., Plant. Mol. Biol. 22 (1993), 361-366), a salicylic acid-inducible (WO 95/19443), a benzenesulfonamide-inducible (EP-A -0388186), one that can be induced by tetracycline (Gatz et al., (1992) Plant J. 2, 397404), one that can be induced by abscisic acid (EP-A 335528) or one that can be induced by ethanol or cyclohexanone (WO 93 / 21334) Promoters can also be used.
- promoters which express tissue or organ-specific expression e.g. mediate in anthers, ovaries, flowers and flower organs, leaves, guard cells, trichomes, stems, lead tissues, roots and seeds.
- tissue or organ-specific expression e.g. mediate in anthers, ovaries, flowers and flower organs, leaves, guard cells, trichomes, stems, lead tissues, roots and seeds.
- those promoters which ensure leaf-specific expression are also suitable.
- the promoter of the cytosolic FBPase from potato WO 97/05900
- the SSU promoter small subunit
- the Rubisco ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase
- ST-LSI promoter from potato
- Seed-specific promoters are, for example, the promoter of phaseoline (US 5,504,200, Bustos MM et al., Plant Cell. 1989; 1 (9): 839-53), of 2S albumin gene (Joseffson LG et al., J Biol Chem 1987, 262 : 12196-12201), leguminum (Shirsat A et al., Mol Gen Genet. 1989; 215 (2): 326-331), USP (unknown seed protein; Bäumlein H et al., Molecular & General Genetics 1991, 225 (3): 459-67) of the Nap gene (Stalberg K, et al., L.
- phaseoline US 5,504,200, Bustos MM et al., Plant Cell. 1989; 1 (9): 839-53
- 2S albumin gene Joseffson LG et al., J Biol Chem 1987, 262 : 12196-12201
- leguminum Shir
- sucrose binding protein WO 00/26388
- LeB4 promoter Bact al.
- promoters suitable as genetic control sequences are, for example, specific promoters for tubers, storage roots or roots, such as, for example, the patatin promoter class I (B33), the promoter of the cathepsin D inhibitor from potato, the promoter of the starch synthase (GBSS1) or the sporamine promoter, fruit-specific promoters, such as the fruit-specific promoter from tomato (EP-A 409625), fruit-ripening-specific promoters, such as the fruit-ripening-specific promoter from tomato (WO 94/21794), flower-specific promoters such as the phytoene synthase promoter (WO 92 / 16635) or the promoter of the P-rr gene (WO 98/22593) or specific plastid or
- specific promoters for tubers, storage roots or roots such as, for example, the patatin promoter class I (B33), the promoter of the cathepsin D inhibitor from potato, the promoter of the starch synthase (GB
- Chromoplast promoters such as the RNA polymerase promoter (WO 97/06250) or the promoter of the phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase from Glycine max (see also Genbank Accession No. U87999) or another node-specific promoter as in EP-A 249676 can advantageously be used become.
- Additional functional elements b) include, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, reporter genes, origins of replication, selection markers and so-called affinity tags, fused with GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably to understand P-GDC directly or by means of a linker optionally containing a protease interface.
- Suitable additional functional elements are sequences which ensure targeting in the apoplasts, in plastids, the vacuole, the mitochondrium, the peroxisome, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or, due to the lack of corresponding operative sequences, a retention in the compartment of formation, the cytosol (Kermode, Crit. Rev. Plant Sei. 15, 4 (1996), 285-423).
- Vectors according to the invention also contain at least one copy of the nucleic acid sequences according to the invention and / or the expression cassettes according to the invention.
- vectors are also understood to mean all other vectors known to the person skilled in the art, such as phages, viruses such as SV40, CMV, baculovirus, adenovirus, transposons, IS elements, phasmids, phagemids, cosmids, linear or circular DNA. These vectors can be replicated autonomously in the host organism or can be replicated chromosomally. Chromosomal replication is preferred.
- the nucleic acid construct according to the invention can also advantageously be introduced into the organisms in the form of a linear DNA and integrated into the genome of the host organism via heterologous or homologous recombination.
- This linear DNA can consist of a linearized plasmid or only of the nucleic acid construct as a vector or the nucleic acid sequences used.
- the expression cassette according to the invention and vectors derived therefrom can be used to transform bacteria, cyanobacteria (for example the genus Synechocystes, Anabaena, Calothrix, Scytonema, Oscillatoria, Plectonema and Nostoc), proteobacteria such as Magnetococcus sp.
- cyanobacteria for example the genus Synechocystes, Anabaena, Calothrix, Scytonema, Oscillatoria, Plectonema and Nostoc
- proteobacteria such as Magnetococcus sp.
- MC1 yeast, filamentous fungi and algae and eukaryotic, non-human cells (eg insect cells) with the aim of recombinant production GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, entirely P-GDC can be used with particular preference, the production of a suitable expression cassette depending on the organism in which the gene is to be expressed.
- nucleic acid sequence containing i. a nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1; or ii. a nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 on the basis of the degenerate genetic code by back-translation; or iii. a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 with an identity of at least 89% to SEQ ID NO: 1;
- nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 on the basis of the degenerate genetic code by back-translation; or ii) a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 with an identity of at least 89% to SEQ ID NO: 1;
- nucleic acid sequences used in the method according to the invention can also be introduced into an organism alone.
- nucleic acid sequences in addition to the nucleic acid sequences, further genes are to be introduced into the organism, they can all be introduced into the organism together in a single vector or each individual gene can be introduced into the organism, the different vectors being able to be introduced simultaneously or successively.
- nucleic acid (s) according to the invention, the expression cassette or the vector can be introduced into the corresponding organisms (transformation) by all methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- Suitable methods are the biolistic method or by protoplast transformation (see, for example, Willmitzer, L., 1993 Transgenic plants. In: Biotechnology, A Multi-Volume Comprehensive Treatise (HJ. Rehm, G. Reed, A. Pühler, P. Stadler, eds.), Vol. 2, 627-659, VCH Weinheim-New York-Basel-Cambridge), electroporation, the incubation of dry embryos in DNA containing solution, microinjection and gene transfer mediated by Agrobacterium.
- the methods mentioned are described, for example, in B. Jenes et al., Techniques for Gene Transfer, in: Transgenic Plants, Vol. 1, Engineering and
- the transformation by means of agrobacteria and the vectors to be used for the transformation are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in detail in the literature (Bevan et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 12 (1984) 8711.
- the intermediate vectors can be homologous due to sequences Sequences in the T-DNA are integrated by homologous recombination into the Ti or Ri plasmid of the agrobacteria, which also contains the vir region necessary for the transfer of the T-DNA.
- Intermediate vectors cannot replicate in agrobacteria
- the intermediate vector can be transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (conjugation) by helper plasmids.
- Binary vectors can replicate in both E.
- coli and Agrobacteria contain a selection marker gene and a linker or polylinker, which are from the right and left T-DNA border region They can be transformed directly into the agrobacteria (; Holsters et al. Mol. Ge n. Genet. 163 (1978), 181-187), EP A 0 120 516; Hoekema, In: The Binary Plant Vector System Offsetdrukkerij Kanters B.V., Alblasserdam (1985), Chapter V; Fraley et al., Crit. Rev. Plant. Sci., 4: 1-46 and An et al. EMBO J. 4 (1985) 277-287).
- Agrobacteria transformed with a vector according to the invention can also be used in a known manner to transform plants such as test plants such as Arabidopsis or crop plants such as cereals, maize, oats, rye, barley, wheat, soybeans, rice, cotton, sugar beet, canola, sunflower, flax, hemp, Potato, tobacco, tomato, carrot, bell pepper, rapeseed, tapioca, cassava, arrowroot, tagetes, alfalfa, lettuce and the various tree, nut and wine species can be used, e.g. by bathing wounded leaves or leaf pieces in an agrobacterial solution and then cultivating them in suitable media.
- test plants such as Arabidopsis or crop plants
- crop plants such as cereals, maize, oats, rye, barley, wheat, soybeans, rice, cotton, sugar beet, canola, sunflower, flax, hemp, Potato, tobacco, tomato, carrot, bell pepper, rapeseed, tapioca,
- the genetically modified plant cells can be regenerated using all methods known to the person skilled in the art. Appropriate methods can be found in the above-mentioned writings by S.D. Kung and R. Wu, Potrykus or Höfgen and Willmitzer can be found.
- the transgenic organisms produced by transformation with one of the above-described embodiments of an expression cassette containing a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention or a vector containing the abovementioned expression cassette, and the recombinant GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T obtained from the transgenic organism by expression -GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC are the subject of the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to the use of transgenic organisms containing an expression cassette according to the invention, for example for the provision of recombinant protein and / or the use of these organisms in in vivo test systems.
- preferred organisms for recombinant expression are also eukaryotic cell lines.
- mosses are Physcomitrella patens or other mosses described in Kryptogamen, Vol. 2, Moose, Farne, 1991, Springer Verlag (ISBN 3540536515).
- bacteria of the genus Escherichia, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes or Cyanobacteria for example of the genus Synechocystes, Anabaena, Calothrix, Scytonema, Oscillatoria, Plectonema and Nostoc, particularly preferably Synechocystis or Anabena, are preferred.
- yeasts are Candida, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccheromyces, Hansenula or Pichia.
- Preferred mushrooms are Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Ashbya, Neurospora, Fusarium, Beauveria, Mortierella, Saprolegnia, Pythium, or others in Indian Chem Engr. Section B. Vol 37, No 1, 2 (1995).
- Preferred plants are selected in particular from monocotyledonous crop plants, such as, for example, cereals such as wheat, barley, millet, rye, triticale, maize, rice or oats, and sugar cane.
- the transgenic plants according to the invention are selected in particular from dicotyledonous crop plants, such as, for example, Brassicacae such as rapeseed, cress, Arabidopsis, cabbages or canola; Leguminosae such as soy, alfalfa, pea, bean family or peanut Solanaceae such as potato, tobacco, tomato, eggplant or paprika; Asteraceae such as sunflower, tagetes, lettuce or calendula; Cucurbitaceae such as melon, pumpkin or zucchini, or flax, cotton, hemp, flax, red pepper, carrot, carrot, sugar beet or various tree, nut and wine species.
- transgenic animals such as C. elegans are also suitable as host organisms.
- vectors for use in yeast are pYepSed (Baldari, et al., (1987) Embo J. 6: 229-234), pMFa (Kurjan and Herskowitz, (1982) Cell 30: 933-943), PJRY88 (Schultz et al., (1987) Gene 54: 113-123), and pYES derivatives, pGAPZ derivatives, pPICZ derivatives and the vectors of the "Pichia Expression Kit” (Invitrogen Corporation, San Diego, CA).
- Vectors for use in filamentous fungi are described in: van den Hondel, C.A.M.J.J. & Punt, P.J. (1991) "Gene transfer Systems and vector development for filamentous fungi, in: Applied Molecular Genetics of Fungi, J.F. Peberdy, et al., Eds., P. 1-28, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
- insect cell expression vectors can also be used advantageously, e.g. for expression in Sf9, Sf21 or Hi5 cells, which are infected via recombinant baculoviruses.
- These are e.g. the vectors of the pAc series (Smith et al. (1983) Mol. Cell Biol. 3: 2156-2165) and the pVL series (Lucklow and Summers (1989) Virology 170: 31-39).
- the baculovirus expression systems "MaxBac2.0 Kit” and "Insect Select System” from Invitrogen, Calsbald or "BacPAK Baculovirus Expression System” from CLONTECH, Palo Alto, CA.
- Insect cells are particularly suitable for overexpressing eukaryotic proteins because they carry out post-translational modifications of the proteins that are not possible in bacteria and yeasts.
- the handling of insect cells in cell culture and their infection for the expression of proteins are known to the person skilled in the art and can be carried out in analogy to known methods (Luckow and Summers, Bio / Tech. 6, 1988, pp.47-55; Glover and Hames (eds) in DNA Cloning 2, A practical Approach, Expression Systems, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1995, 205-244).
- plant cells or algal cells can advantageously be used for gene expression.
- plant expression vectors can be found in Becker, D., et al. (1992) "New plant binary vectors with selectable markers located proximal to the left border", Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 1195-1197 or in Bevan, MW (1984) "Binary Agrobacterium vectors for plant transformation", Nucl. Acid. Res. 12: 8711-8721.
- nucleic acid sequences according to the invention can be expressed in mammalian cells.
- Examples of corresponding expression vectors are pCDM8 and pMT2PC mentioned in: Seed, B. (1987) Nature 329: 840 or Kaufman et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6: 187-195).
- Promoters to be used are preferably of viral origin, e.g. Promoters of polyoma, adenovirus 2, cytomegalovirus or simian virus 40.
- prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems are mentioned in chapters 16 and 17 in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2nd, ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989. Further advantageous vectors are described in Hellens et al. (Trends in plant science, 5, 2000).
- transgenic organisms which contain plant nucleic acid sequences coding for a polypeptide with the activity of the subunit P of the glycine decarboxylase complex:
- nucleic acid sequence with the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1;
- nucleic acid sequence which can be derived from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 on the basis of the degenerate genetic code by back-translation;
- transgenic organisms which contain GDC or at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably P-GDC, are summarized under the term “transgenic organism according to the invention” .
- the present invention furthermore relates to the use of GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC in a method for identifying test compounds with herbicidal Effect.
- the method according to the invention for identifying compounds having a herbicidal action preferably comprises the following steps:
- test compound binds to the glycine decarboxylase complex or to a subunit of the glycine decarboxylase complex from i); or
- test compound Detection of whether the test compound reduces or blocks the activity of the glycine decarboxylase complex or that of a subunit of the glycine decarboxylase complex from i); or
- test compound reduces or blocks the transcription, translation or expression of the glycine decarboxylase complex that of a subunit of the glycine decarboxylase complex from i).
- the term “reduced” means a reduction in the activity compared to the activity of the glycine decarboxylase complex not incubated with a test compound or a subunit of the glycine decarboxylase complex of at least 10%, advantageously at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably by at least 70%, and most preferably to mean at least 80%, 90% or 95%, the term “blocks" the total, i.e. 100% blocking of activity, the percentage reductions mentioned above for an inhibitor of less than 10 "4 M, Favor less than 10 -5 M, preferably less AISI 0 _6 M and most preferably less than 10 -7 M.
- GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC are used.
- the detection according to step (ii) of the above method can be carried out using techniques which show the interaction between protein and ligand.
- Either the test compound or the enzyme may contain a detectable label, e.g. a fluorescent, radioisotope, chemiluminescent or enzymatic label.
- a detectable label e.g. a fluorescent, radioisotope, chemiluminescent or enzymatic label.
- enzymatic labels are horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase or luciferase.
- the subsequent detection depends on the marking and is known to the person skilled in the art.
- FCS fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
- the fluorescence polarization uses the property of a resting fluorophore excited with polarized light to also emit polarized light again. However, if the fluorophore can rotate during the excited state, the polarization of the emitted fluorescent light is more or less lost. Under otherwise identical conditions (e.g. temperature, viscosity, Solvent) the rotation is a function of the molecular size, with which one can make a statement about the size of the residue bound to the fluorophore via the measurement signal (Methods in Enzymology 246 (1995), pp. 283-300).
- a method according to the invention can be set up directly for measuring the binding of a test compound marked by a fluorescent molecule to the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably the GDC or P-GDC.
- the method according to the invention can also be designed in the form of the "displacement assay" described under 1.
- Fluorescence resonance energy transfer is based on the radiation-free energy transfer between two spatially adjacent fluorescence molecules under suitable conditions. A prerequisite is the overlap of the emission spectrum of the donor molecule with the excitation spectrum of the acceptor molecule.
- fluorescent labeling GDC, P-GDC, L- GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC and the bonded tet compound can be measured using FRET (Cytometry 34, 1998, pp. 159-179) the method according to the invention can also be designed in the form of the "displacement assay" described in 1.
- a particularly suitable embodiment of the FRET technology is the "Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence" (HTRF), as sold by Packard BioScience.
- GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC are then immobilized, preferably the GDC or P-GDC, on a suitable carrier and incubated with the test compound.
- the molecules of the test compound additionally bound to the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably the GDC or P-GDC can be detected by means of the above-mentioned methodology and thus detected select the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably test compounds bound to the GDC or P-GDC. 5.
- the measurement of surface plasmon resonance is based on the change in the refractive index on a surface when a test compound binds to a protein immobilized on said surface.
- this method can in principle be applied to any protein (Lindberg et al. Sensor Actuators 4 (1983) 299-304; Malmquist Nature 361 ( 1993) 186-187).
- the measurement can be carried out, for example, with the aid of the automated analyzers based on surface plasmon resonance sold by Biacore (Freiburg) in a throughput of currently up to 384 samples per day.
- a method according to the invention can be set up directly for measuring the binding of a test compound to the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably to the GDC or P-GDC.
- the method according to the invention can also be designed in the form of the "displacement assay" described under 1.
- the compounds identified via the above-mentioned methods 1 to 5 can be suitable as inhibitors. All of the substances identified by the abovementioned methods can then be checked for their herbicidal action in another embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention which is based on steps i) and ii), consists in selecting a test compound which has the enzymatic activity of GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC reduced or blocked, the activity of the GDC, P-GDC, L- incubated with the test compound GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC with the activity of a GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC not incubated with a test compound, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC is compared.
- a preferred embodiment of the method based on steps i) and ii) is that
- GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC is expressed in a transgenic organism according to the invention or an organism which is naturally GDC, P-GDC , L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, most preferably P-GDC, is cultivated;
- the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC preferably the GDC or P-GDC from step i) in cell disruption of the transgenic or non-transgenic organism, in a partially purified form or in a form purified to homogeneity is contacted with a test compound;
- a compound is selected which reduces or blocks the activity of the P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably the GDC or P-GDC.
- step iii. to determine the activity of the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC incubated with the test compound preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC with the activity of a GDC not incubated with a test compound
- P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC.
- the solution containing GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC can consist of the lysate of the original organism.
- the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC-containing solution can consist of the lysate of the transgenic organism transformed with an expression cassette according to the invention
- the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC can be partially or completely purified using conventional methods.
- the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC required for in vitro methods preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC can thus either by heterologous expression from a transgenic organism according to the invention or be isolated from an organism containing GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, for example from a plant.
- the glycine decarboxylase complex can be isolated from preparations of plant mitochondria or mitochondrial matrix extracts e.g. from Ebsenblättem (Sarojini and Oliver 1983, Plant Physiology 72, pp. 194ff.) or from spinach leaves (Douce et al. 1977, Plant Physiology 60, pp. 625ff.).
- the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC is then incubated with a test compound.
- the enzymatic activity of the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC with the enzymatic activity incubated with the test compound is not included a test compound incubated GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC.
- GDC GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC
- a significant decrease in activity is observed in comparison to the activity of the non-inhibited polypeptide according to the invention , wherein a decrease of at least 10%, advantageously at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably by at least 50% up to a 100% reduction (blocking) is achieved.
- the activity of GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC can be determined, for example, using an activity test in which the increase in the product, the removal of the substrate (or starting material) or the name or surname of the cofactor or via a combination of at least two of the above parameters can be determined as a function of a defined period of time.
- the amounts of substrate to be used for the activity test can be between 0.5-100 mM and amounts of cofactor between 0.1-5 mM based on 1-100 ⁇ g / ml enzyme.
- Suitable substrates for determining the activity of the GDC are, for example, glycine, examples of suitable cofactors NAD + , tetrahydrofolate, pyridoxal phosphate, FAD.
- the activity of the subunit P-GDC can be determined independently of the other subunits of the GDC, L-GDC, H-GDC and T-GDC. This also applies to the L-GDC subunit.
- An inhibitor which only inhibits the P or L-GDC can be identified, for example, by firstly determining the activity of the GDC in the presence of a test compound. If an inhibitor is successfully selected, the activity of the P-GDC (or L-GDC) can then be checked in the presence of the selected inhibitor.
- Suitable substrates for the P-GDC are, for example, glycine, CO 2 or lipoic acid, an example of a suitable cofactor is pyridoxal phosphate
- suitable substrates for the L-GDC are e.g. NAD +, dihydrolipoic acid, H-protein-2-dihydrolipoic acid, as a cofactor FAD.
- the activity of the subunit H-GDC can be determined in conjunction with the activity of the subunit L-GDC.
- H-GDC examples include lipoic acid.
- the activity of the P-GDC, L-GDC and H-GDC can be determined together in one assay.
- the activity of the subunit T-GDC can be determined in the overall GDC reaction together with the activity of the subunits P-GDC, L-GDC and H-GDC.
- the identification of an inhibitor which only inhibits the T-GDC can be done, for example, by firstly determining the activity of the GDC in the presence of a test compound and secondly the activity of the P-GDC, L-GDC and H-GDC in Presence of the same test compound is determined.
- derivatives of the abovementioned compounds which contain a detectable label such as e.g. a fluorescent, radioisotope or chemiluminescent label.
- the determination of the activity of GDC in step iii) of the above-mentioned method can be carried out photometrically via the reduction of NAD + to NADH in the presence of glycine and tetrahydrofolate, e.g. according to Bourguignon et al (Biochemical Journal (1988) 255, p. 169ff.).
- This assay can be performed in microtiter plates and is suitable for high throughput screening.
- the conversion of glycine can be monitored photometrically using the coupled reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol.
- a suitable method is here, for example, in Moore et al. (1980, FEBS Letters 115, pp.54ff.).
- the joint activity of the H and L proteins of the GDC can also be photometric, as in Neuburger et al. described (1991, Biochemical Journal 278, p. 765ff.) by coupling to the reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid).
- the activity of the P protein can be determined according to Higara and Kiguchi (Journal of Biological Chemistry 1980, 255, pp. 11664-11670).
- L-protein activity can be detected photometrically in the presence of NAD + and free lipoic acid (as described e.g. in Moran et al., Plant Physiology 2002, 128, pp. 300-313)
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention which is based on steps i) and iii), consists of the following steps:
- test compounds that cause a reduced growth or limited survivability of the non-transgenic organism compared to the growth of the transgenic organism.
- Inhibitors with herbicidal activity at least 10%, preferably 20%, preferably 30%, particularly preferably 40% and very particularly preferably 50%.
- transgenic organism means the above-mentioned transgenic organisms according to the invention.
- a transgenic organism in which GDC or P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably P-GDC, is overexpressed, which is suitable for the above-mentioned method, can alternatively be produced in that the Overexpression of GDC or P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably P-GDC, is accomplished by manipulating the promoter sequences naturally present in the organism. Such methods are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the transgenic organism is preferably a plant, algae, a cyanobacterium e.g. the genus Synechocystes or a proteobacterium such as Magnetococcus sp. MC1, preferably plants that can be transformed using common techniques, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum tuberosum, Nicotiana Tabacum, cyanobacteria that can be easily transformed, such as Synechocystis, in which the sequence coding for a polypeptide according to the invention was incorporated via transformation.
- These transgenic organisms therefore have an increased tolerance to compounds which inhibit the polypeptide according to the invention.
- “Knock-out” mutants can also be used here, in which the analog gene (s) naturally present in this organism for GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P- GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC has been specifically switched off.
- the above-mentioned embodiment of the method according to the invention can also be used to identify substances with a growth regulatory effect.
- a plant is used as a transgenic organism.
- the process for identifying substances with a growth regulatory effect thus comprises the following steps:
- iii Determining the growth or survivability of the transgenic and non-transgenic plants after application of the test substance; and iv. Selection of test substances that cause an altered growth of the non-transgenic plant compared to the growth of the transgenic plant.
- test compounds are selected that contain a modified one
- Modified growth is to be understood as an inhibition of the vegetative growth of the plants, which can manifest itself in particular in a reduction in the growth in length.
- the treated plants accordingly have a compact stature; a darker leaf coloration can also be observed.
- the transgenic plant in which GDC or P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably P-GDC, is overexpressed can alternatively be produced by overexpressing the P-GDC, L -GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably P-GDC is accomplished by manipulating the promoter sequences naturally present in the plant. Such methods are known to the person skilled in the art.
- test compounds can also be used in one method according to the invention. If the target is influenced by a group of test compounds, then it is either possible to directly isolate the individual test compounds or to divide the group of test compounds into different subgroups, for example if it consists of a large number of different components, so the number to reduce the various test compounds in the method according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention is then repeated with the individual test compound or the corresponding subgroup of test compounds.
- the steps described above can be repeated several times, preferably until the subgroup identified according to the method according to the invention only comprises a small number of test compounds or only one test compound.
- method according to the invention preferably stands for the methods described above for the identification of inhibitors with herbicidal activity.
- All of the compounds identified by the method according to the invention can then be checked for their herbicidal or growth-regulating action in vivo.
- One way of testing the compounds for herbicidal activity is to use the Lemna minor duckweed in microtiter plates. Changes in chlorophyll content and photosynthesis performance can be measured as parameters. It is also possible to apply the compound directly to undesired plants, the herbicidal action e.g. about limited growth can be determined.
- the method according to the invention can also advantageously be carried out in high-throughput methods, so-called HTS, which enables parallel testing of a large number of different connections.
- the carrier used can be solid or liquid, is preferably solid, particularly preferably a microtiter plate.
- the above-mentioned carriers are also the subject of the present invention. According to the most widespread technology, 96-well, 384-well and 1536-well microtiter plates are used, which can usually contain volumes of 200 ⁇ l. In addition to the microtiter plates, how many other components of a HTS system match the corresponding microtiter plates Instruments, materials, automatic pipetting devices, robots, automated plate readers and plate washers are commercially available.
- the invention further relates to compounds with herbicidal activity identified by the processes according to the invention.
- These compounds are referred to below as "selected compounds". They have a molecular weight of less than 1000 g / mol, advantageously less than 500 g / mol, preferably less than 400 g / mol, particularly preferably less than 300 g / mol.
- Compounds with herbicidal activity have a Ki value of less than 1 mM, preferably less than 1 ⁇ M, particularly preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ M, very particularly preferably less than 0.01 ⁇ M.
- the invention further relates to compounds with growth regulator-safe activity identified by the methods according to the invention. These compounds are also called “selected compounds” in the following. However, the term “selected compounds” preferably stands for compounds with herbicidal activity.
- Agriculturally useful salts include, in particular, the salts of those cations or the acid addition salts of those acids whose cations or anions do not adversely affect the herbicidal activity of the herbicidally active compounds identified by the process of the invention.
- the selected compounds if they contain asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms, either as racemates, mixtures of enantiomers, pure enantiomers or, if they have chiral substituents, also as Mixtures of diastereomers are present.
- the selected compounds can be chemically synthesized or microbiologically produced substances and e.g. in cell extracts of e.g. Plants, animals or microorganisms occur.
- the reaction mixture can be a cell-free extract or can comprise a cell or cell culture. Suitable methods are known to the person skilled in the art and are e.g. generally described in Alberts, Molecular Biology the cell, 3rd Edition (1994), e.g. Chapter 17.
- the selected compounds can also come from extensive substance libraries.
- test compounds can be expression libraries such as cDNA expression libraries, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, antibodies, small organic substances, hormones, PNAs or the like (Milner, Nature Medicin 1 (1995), 879-880; Hupp, Cell. 83 (1995), 237-245; Gibbs , Cell. 79 (1994), 193-198 and references cited therein).
- the selected compounds can be used to control undesirable plant growth and / or as growth regulators.
- Herbicidal compositions containing the selected compounds control plant growth very well on non-cultivated areas. In crops such as wheat, rice, maize, soybeans and cotton, they act against weeds and grass weeds without significantly damaging the crop plants. This effect occurs especially at low application rates.
- the selected compounds can be used to control the harmful plants already mentioned above.
- selected compounds or herbicidal compositions containing them can advantageously also be used in a further number of crop plants for eliminating unwanted plants.
- crops can be considered:
- the selected compounds can also be used in crops which are tolerant to the action of herbicides by breeding, including genetic engineering methods. The preparation of these cultures is described below.
- the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the herbicidal or growth-regulating composition already mentioned above, characterized in that selected compounds are formulated with suitable auxiliaries to give crop protection agents.
- the selected compounds can e.g. be formulated in the form of directly sprayable aqueous solutions, powders, suspensions, also high-proof aqueous, oily or other suspensions or suspoemulsions or dispersions, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, sprinkling agents or granules and by spraying, atomizing, dusting, Scattering or pouring can be applied.
- the application forms depend on the intended use and the nature of the selected compounds and should in any case ensure the finest possible distribution of the selected compounds.
- the herbicidal composition contains a herbicidally effective amount of at least one selected compound and auxiliaries customary for the formulation of herbicidal compositions.
- emulsions, pastes or aqueous or oil-containing formulations and dispersible concentrates the selected compounds can be dissolved or dispersed in an oil or solvent, it being possible to add further formulation auxiliaries for homogenization.
- liquid or solid concentrates which are suitable for dilution with water can also be prepared from selected compound, optionally solvents or oil and optionally further auxiliaries.
- EC, EW emulsifiable concentrates
- SC suspensions
- SL soluble concentrates
- DC dispersible concentrates
- corresponding powders or granules or tablets can also be provided with a solid coating ("coating") which prevents abrasion or premature release of the active ingredient.
- auxiliary means the following classes of compounds: anti-foaming agents, thickeners, wetting agents, adhesives, dispersants, emulsifiers, bactericides and / or thixotrophic agents.
- anti-foaming agents thickeners, wetting agents, adhesives, dispersants, emulsifiers, bactericides and / or thixotrophic agents.
- SLs, EWs and ECs can be produced by simply mixing the corresponding ingredients, powder by mixing or grinding in special mill types (e.g. hammer mills).
- DC, SCs and SEs are usually produced by wet milling, it being possible to produce an SE from a SC by adding an organic phase which may contain further auxiliaries or selected compounds.
- the manufacture is known.
- Powders, materials for broadcasting and dusts can advantageously be prepared by mixing or grinding the active substances together with a solid carrier.
- Granules for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the selected compounds to solid carriers. Further details of the production are known to the person skilled in the art, and e.g.
- inert liquid and / or solid carriers suitable for the formulations according to the invention are known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. liquid additives such as mineral oil fractions from medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, also coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons; e.g.
- paraffin such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, ketones such as cyclohexanone or strongly polar solvents, for example amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone or water.
- Solid carriers are, for example, mineral earths such as silicas, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate , Urea and vegetable products such as flour, tree bark, wood and nutshell flour, cellulose powder or other solid carriers.
- mineral earths such as silicas, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate , Urea and vegetable products such as flour, tree bark, wood and nutshell flour
- a large number of surface-active substances (surfactants) suitable for the formulations according to the invention are known to those skilled in the art, for example Alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, e.g. Lignin, phenol, naphthalene and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, as well as of fatty acids, alkyl and alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl, lauryl ether and fatty alcohol sulfates, as well as salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols as well as of fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives Formaldehyde, condensation products of naphthalene or
- aromatic sulfonic acids e.g. Lignin, phenol, naphthalene and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic
- the herbicidal compositions or the selected compounds can be applied pre- or post-emergence. If the selected compounds are less compatible with certain crop plants, application techniques can be used in which the selected compounds are sprayed with the help of sprayers so that the leaves of the sensitive crop plants are not hit as far as possible, while the selected compounds get onto the leaves of unwanted plants growing underneath or the uncovered ground area (post-directed, lay-by).
- the application rates of selected compounds are 0.001 to 3.0, preferably 0.01 to 1.0 kg / ha, depending on the control target, season, target plants and growth stage.
- the provision of the herbicidal target further enables a method for identifying a glycine decarboxylase complex or a subunit of the glycine decarboxylase complex which is not or only to a limited extent by a herbicide which acts as the site of action of GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC, for example the herbicidal selected compounds is inhibited.
- GDC variant which is characterized by a Nucleic acid sequence is encoded
- i) encodes a polypeptide with the activity of GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC, which was determined by the method mentioned above
- Herbicidal substances which inhibit GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC, are not inhibited; and
- nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 which has an identity with SEQ ID NO: 3 of at least 59%; includes; and or
- iii) comprises a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 5, which has an identity with SEQ ID NO: 5 of at least 69%; and or
- nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 7 which has an identity with SEQ ID NO: 7 of at least 68%
- SEQ ID NO: 9 a functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 9 of at least 64%.
- Functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 3 according to ii) have a homology with SEQ ID No: 3 of at least 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65% or 66%, preferably at least 67% , 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72% or 73% preferably at least 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79% or 80% preferably at least 81%, 82%, 83% , 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92% or 93% particularly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
- Functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 5 according to iii) have a homology with SEQ ID No: 5 of at least 69%, preferably at least, 70%, 71%, 72% or 73%, preferably at least 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79% or 80% preferably at least 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92 % or 93% particularly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
- Functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 7 according to iv) have a homology with SEQ ID No: 7 of at least 68% or 69%, preferably at least 70%, 71%, 72% or 73%, preferably at least 74%, 75%, 76 %, 77%, 78%, 79% or 80% preferably at least 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 89%, 90%, 91% , 92% or 93% particularly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
- Functional equivalents of SEQ ID NO: 9 according to v) have a homology with SEQ ID No: 9 of at least 64%, 65% or 66%, preferably at least 67%,
- nucleic acid sequences preferably originate from one
- the above-mentioned method for generating nucleic acid sequences coding for GDC variants of nucleic acid sequences comprises the following steps: a) expression of the proteins encoded by the above-mentioned nucleic acids in a heterologous system or in a cell-free system;
- sequences selected according to the method described above are advantageously introduced into an organism.
- Another object of the invention is therefore an organism produced by this method. The is preferred
- Organism a plant, particularly preferably one of the crop plants defined above.
- Modified proteins and / or nucleic acids which can impart resistance to the selected compounds in plants can also be produced from the above-mentioned nucleic acid sequences by means of the so-called "site directed mutagenesis".
- This mutagenesis can, for example, improve the stability and / or activity of the target protein or the properties such as binding and action of the above-mentioned inhibitors according to the invention can be specifically improved or changed.
- Zhu et al. (Nature Biotech., Vol. 18, May 2000: 555-558) describes a "site directed mutagenesis" method in plants which can be used advantageously.
- EP-A-0 909 821 describes a method for changing proteins using the microorganism E. coli XL-1 Red. During replication, this microorganism creates mutations in the introduced nucleic acids and thus leads to a change in the genetic information. By isolating the modified nucleic acids or the modified proteins and testing for resistance, it is easy to identify advantageous nucleic acids and the proteins encoded by them. These can then express resistance there after introduction into plants and thus lead to resistance to the herbicides.
- mutagenesis and selection are, for example, methods such as the in vivo mutagenesis of seeds or pollen and selection of resistant alleles in the presence of the inhibitors according to the invention, followed by genetic and molecular identification of the modified, resistant allele. Furthermore, mutagenesis and selection of resistances in cell culture by multiplying the culture in the presence of successively increasing concentrations of the inhibitors according to the invention. The increase in the spontaneous mutation rate can be exploited by chemical / physical mutagenic treatment. As described above, microorganisms which have an endogenous or recombinant activity of the nucleic acids used in the method according to the invention can also be used have encoded proteins and which are sensitive to the inhibitors identified according to the invention isolate modified genes. The cultivation of the microorganisms on media with an increasing concentration of inhibitors according to the invention allows the selection and evolution of resistant variants of the targets according to the invention. The frequency of the mutations can in turn be increased by mutagenic treatments.
- Another object of the invention is therefore a method for producing nucleic acid sequences which code for gene products which have a changed biological activity, the biological activity being changed in contrast to the fact that there is increased activity.
- Increased activity is to be understood as an activity which is at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 50%, very particularly preferably at least 100% higher than that of the starting organism or of the starting gene product.
- the biological activity may have been changed so that the substances and / or agents according to the invention no longer or no longer bind correctly to the nucleic acid sequences and / or the gene products encoded by them.
- no longer or no longer correctly means that the substances have at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 70%, very particularly preferably at least 80% or not at all of the modified nucleic acids and / or bind gene products in comparison to the starting gene product or the starting nucleic acids.
- Yet another aspect of the invention therefore relates to a transgenic plant which has been transformed with a nucleic acid sequence which codes for a gene product which has an altered biological activity or with a nucleic acid sequence which codes for a GDC variant.
- Methods for transformation are known to the person skilled in the art and are exemplified above.
- Genetically modified transgenic plants which are resistant to the substances and / or agents containing these substances found by the method according to the invention can also be produced by transformation followed by overexpression of a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore a method for producing transgenic plants which are resistant to substances which have been found by a method according to the invention, characterized in that nucleic acids coding for a GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T- GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, most preferably P-GDC are overexpressed.
- nucleic acids coding for a GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T- GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, most preferably P-GDC are overexpressed.
- transgenic plants are produced using one of the above-described embodiments of the expression cassette according to the invention using common transformation methods also described above.
- the effectiveness of the expression of the transgenically expressed GDC variant can be determined, for example, in vitro by proliferation or by a germination test.
- a change in the type and level of expression of the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC gene and its effect on the resistance to inhibitors the GDC, P-GDC, L-GDC, T-GDC or H-GDC, preferably GDC or P-GDC, very particularly preferably P-GDC can be tested on test plants in greenhouse experiments.
- Example 1 Generation of a cDNA library in the plant transformation vector
- a cDNA library (hereinafter referred to as "binary cDNA bank") in a vector which can be used directly for the transformation of plants, mRNA was isolated from various plant tissues and analyzed using the TimeSaver cDNA synthesis kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Freiburg) rewritten into double-stranded cDNA.
- the cDNA first strand synthesis was carried out with T ⁇ 2- ⁇ oligonucleotides according to the manufacturer's instructions. After size fractionation and ligation of EcoRI-Notl adapters according to the manufacturer's instructions and filling in the overhangs with Pfu DNA polymerase (Stratagene), the cDNA population was normalized. For this purpose, the method according to Kohci et al, 1995, Plant Journal 8, 771-776 was followed, the cDNA being amplified by PCR with the oligonucleotide N1 under the conditions listed in Table 1.
- the PCR product obtained was bound to the column matrix of the PCR purification kit (Qiagen, Hilden) and eluted with 300 mM NaP buffer, pH 7.0, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.04% SDS.
- the DNA was denatured in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes and then renatured at 60 ° C. for 24 hours. 50 ⁇ l of the DNA was placed on a
- the plant transformation vector for recording the cDNA population prepared as described above was produced by restriction enzyme digestion of the vector pUC18 with Sbfl and BamHI, purification of the vector fragment followed by filling in the overhangs with Pfu DNA polymerase and religation with T4 DNA ligase (Stratagene).
- the construct thus produced is referred to below as pUC18Sbfl-.
- the vector pBinAR was first cleaved with Notl, religated after filling in the ends, cleaved with Sbfl, religated after filling in the ends and then cleaved with EcoRI and HindIII.
- the resulting fragment was ligated into a derivative of the binary plant transformation vector pPZP (Hajdukiewicz.P, Svab, Z, Maliga, P., (1994) Plant Mol Biol 25: 989-994), which enables a transformation of plants by means of Agrobacterium and a kanamycin resistance mediated in transgenic plants, ligated.
- the construct generated here is referred to below as pSun12 / 35S.
- pUC18Sbfl- was used as a template for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the oligonucleotides V1 and V2 (see Table 2) and Pfu DNA polymerase.
- the resulting fragment was ligated into the Smal digested pSun12 / 35S to generate pSunblues2.
- pSunblues2 was ligated to the normalized and also NotL-cleaved cDNA population.
- E.coli Xl-1blue (Stratagene)
- the binary cDNA library contains cDNAs in "sense” and in "antisense” orientation under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, which are accordingly according to the
- Transformation in tobacco plants can lead to "cosuppressions” and "antisene” effects.
- Leaf disks of sterile plants were incubated in a petri dish with the agrobacterial dilution for 5-10 minutes. This was followed by a 2-day incubation in the dark at 25 ° C. on Murashige-Skoog medium (Physiol. Plant. 15 (1962), 473) with 2% sucrose (2MS medium) with 0.8% Bacto agar.
- the cultivation was continued after 2 days with 16 hours of light / 8 hours of darkness and on a weekly basis on MS medium with 500 mg / l claforan (cefotaxime sodium), 50 mg / l kanamycin, 1 mg / l benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.2 mg / l Naphtylacetic acid and 1, 6g / l glucose continued.
- MS medium 500 mg / l claforan (cefotaxime sodium), 50 mg / l kanamycin, 1 mg / l benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.2 mg / l Naphtylacetic acid and 1, 6g / l glucose continued.
- Growing sprouts were transferred to MS medium with 2% sucrose, 250 mg / l Claforan and 0.8% Bacto agar. Regenerated sprouts were obtained on 2MS medium with kanamycin and claforan. In this way, transgenic plants of the line E_0000010590 were generated.
- transgenic plants of the E_0000010590 line had similar phenotypes. These plants lag behind comparative plants in growth and have pronounced sheet chlorosis.
- the integration of the cDNA of the clones into the genome of the transgenic lines was verified by PCR with the oligonucleotides G1 and G2 (see Table 1, Example 1) and genomic DNA of the corresponding transgenic lines.
- TAKARA Taq-DNA polymerase according to the manufacturer's instructions (MoBiTec, Göttingen) was preferably used.
- the cDNA clone of the binary cDNA bank used for the transformation served as a positive control as a template for a PCR reaction.
- the insert of the clone Nt002002044_S2 was thus detected in the transgenic plants with the above-mentioned phenotypes.
- the ctNA of Nt002002044_S2 (SEQ ID NO: 1) has a length of 558 bp and contains an open reading frame of 414 bp, which for a polypeptide of 138 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 2) with significant identities to the subunit P of the plant Coded glycine decarboxylase complex.
- the highest identity (88.2%) was between SEQ ID NO: 1 and the nucleic acid sequence from Solanum tuberosum (Gen Bank Acc. No .: Z99770) coding for subunit P of the vegetable glycine decarboxylase complex.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 thus codes for the C-terminal part of a P protein.
- the enzyme activity of the glycine decarboxylase complex can be measured from preparations of plant mitochondria or mitochondrial matrix extracts, for example from ebony leaves (Sarojini and Oliver 1983, Plant Physiology 72, p. 194ff.) Or from spinach leaves (Douce et al. 1977, Plant Physiology 60, pp. 625ff.) Can be isolated.
- Example 5 in vitro test systems
- the GDC activity can be determined photometrically (see, for example, Bourguignon et al 1988, Biochemical Journal 255, p. 169ff.).
- the NADH formed during the reaction is monitored photometrically at 340 nm.
- This assay can be performed in microtiter plates and is suitable for high throughput screening.
- a system of detection of the joint activity of the P, L and H subunit of the GDC complex can be carried out by tracking the conversion of glycine photometrically using the coupled reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol, e.g. according to Moore et al. (1980, FEBS Letters 115, p.54fl).
- the activity of the P protein can be determined according to Higara and Kiguchi (Journal of Biological Chemistry 1980, 255, pp. 11664-11670).
- Higara and Kiguchi Journal of Biological Chemistry 1980, 255, pp. 11664-11670.
- pyridoxyl phosphate and DTT 1- [ 14 C] glycine is decarboxylated and the resulting 14 C0 2 is detected radiometrically.
- L-protein activity can be detected in the presence of NAD + and free lipoic acid with photometric monitoring of NADH formation at 340 nm (as described, for example, in Moran et al., Plant Physiology 2002, 128, pp. 300-313)
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2004289827A AU2004289827A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 | 2004-10-27 | Glycin decarboxylase complex as a herbicidal target |
EP04791358A EP1685249A2 (de) | 2003-11-11 | 2004-10-27 | Der glycin decarboxylase komplex als herbizides target |
US10/578,637 US20070042451A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 | 2004-10-27 | Glycine decarboxylase complex as a herbicidal target |
JP2006538847A JP2008500016A (ja) | 2003-11-11 | 2004-10-27 | 除草剤の標的としてのグリシンデカルボキシラーゼ複合体 |
CA002544618A CA2544618A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 | 2004-10-27 | Glycin decarboxylase complex as a herbicidal target |
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EP03025860 | 2003-11-11 | ||
EP03025860.2 | 2003-11-11 |
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WO2005047513A2 true WO2005047513A2 (de) | 2005-05-26 |
WO2005047513A3 WO2005047513A3 (de) | 2005-08-11 |
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PCT/EP2004/052816 WO2005047513A2 (de) | 2003-11-11 | 2004-10-27 | Der glycin decarboxylase komplex als herbizides target |
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US (1) | US20070042451A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1685249A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2008500016A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2004289827A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2544618A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005047513A2 (de) |
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JP2009529487A (ja) * | 2006-03-15 | 2009-08-20 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 無機物表面の処理方法 |
CA3065095C (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2023-02-14 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Method for introgressing a trait into a plant |
Citations (2)
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WO2000077185A2 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2000-12-21 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Herbicide target genes and methods |
DE10213332A1 (de) * | 2002-03-25 | 2003-10-09 | Basf Ag | Tryptophanaminotransferase, Indol-3-pyruvatdecarboxylase und Indol-3-acetaldehydoxidase als neue Targets für Herbizide |
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AU4266597A (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 1998-04-14 | General Hospital Corporation, The | Use of a non-mammalian dna virus to express an exogenous gene in a mammalian cell |
US6747137B1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2004-06-08 | Genome Therapeutics Corporation | Nucleic acid sequences relating to Candida albicans for diagnostics and therapeutics |
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2004
- 2004-10-27 AU AU2004289827A patent/AU2004289827A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-27 JP JP2006538847A patent/JP2008500016A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-27 WO PCT/EP2004/052816 patent/WO2005047513A2/de active Application Filing
- 2004-10-27 US US10/578,637 patent/US20070042451A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-27 EP EP04791358A patent/EP1685249A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-27 CA CA002544618A patent/CA2544618A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000077185A2 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2000-12-21 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Herbicide target genes and methods |
DE10213332A1 (de) * | 2002-03-25 | 2003-10-09 | Basf Ag | Tryptophanaminotransferase, Indol-3-pyruvatdecarboxylase und Indol-3-acetaldehydoxidase als neue Targets für Herbizide |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
BAUWE H ET AL: "GENETIC MANIPULATION OF GLYCINE DECARBOXYLATION" JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, GB, Bd. 54, Nr. 387, Juni 2003 (2003-06), Seiten 1523-1535, XP001182691 ISSN: 0022-0957 * |
DATABASE EMBL [Online] EBI; EST286557 tomato mixed elicitor 19. Oktober 1999 (1999-10-19), D'ASCENZO ET AL.: XP002330361 gefunden im EBI Database accession no. AW093377 * |
DATABASE SWISS-PROT [Online] EMBL; Glycine dehydrogenase (GCSP_SOLTU) 15. Juli 1998 (1998-07-15), XP002330362 gefunden im EBI Database accession no. O49954 * |
HARTUNG W ET AL: "UTILIZATION OF GLYCINE AND SERINE AS NITROGEN SOURCES IN THE ROOTS OF ZEA MAYS AND CHAMAEGIGAS INTREPIDUS" JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, GB, Bd. 53, Nr. 379, Dezember 2002 (2002-12), Seiten 2305-2314, XP001182692 ISSN: 0022-0957 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2544618A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
EP1685249A2 (de) | 2006-08-02 |
JP2008500016A (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
US20070042451A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
WO2005047513A3 (de) | 2005-08-11 |
AU2004289827A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
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