WO2005038138A1

WO2005038138A1 - Artificial stone laying assembly having recesses on at least two sides

Info

Publication number: WO2005038138A1
Application number: PCT/EP2004/011783
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andreas Drost
Original assignee: Uni-International Bausysteme Gmbh + Co. Kg
Priority date: 2003-10-17
Filing date: 2004-10-18
Publication date: 2005-04-28
Also published as: DK1685299T3; EP1685299A1; DE20315569U1; EP1685299B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a laying assembly consisting of a plurality of stones (4) produced from artificial stone and comprising the following features: (a) the laying assembly (2) has an approximately rectangular shape with two long sides (14) and two transverse sides (12); (b) at least one recess (16; 18; 20; 22) per side (12; 14) is provided either only on the two long sides (14) or only on the two transverse sides (12) or both on the two long sides (14) and on the two transverse sides (12); (c) every recess (16; 18; 20; 22) has such a dimension that, when a second laying assembly (2) is added on, a single angular stone (4) or a plurality of angular stones (4) fits into the recess pair produced between the two laying assemblies (2) as a locking stone or as a locking stone assembly.

Description

LAYING UNIT OF ARTIFICIAL STONES WITH EXCLUSIONS ON AT LEAST TWO SIDES

The invention relates to a laying unit consisting of a number of stones made of artificial stone material, having the following features:

(a) The laying unit has - roughly speaking - a rectangular format with two long sides and two short sides;

(b) either only on the two long sides or only on the two transverse sides or both on the two long sides and also on the two transverse sides, at least one recess per side is provided in each case;

(c) each recess has a size such that in a pair of recesses formed when a second laying unit is put in, a single angular stone fits as a block between the laying units or a plurality of angular stones fits as a block group.

Laying units made of a plurality of stones made of artificial stone material are known. Laying units of this type are usually suitable for being able to be installed mechanically on an appropriately prepared bed of sand and / or grit, typically by means of a laying clamp (clamping gripper) acting on two opposite sides. Recesses have also already been provided on two opposite sides of the laying unit, so that a stone could be used as a locking block in a pair of recesses formed when a second laying unit was put on. In this way, the joint between the two adjacent laying units is interrupted by the block. Overall, there is a laying bandage on the occupied area that can absorb greater forces and in which it is not so easy for the stones to be displaced under the action of external forces. The laying unit according to the invention is designed in such a way that it is provided for inserting at least one angular stone as a block between two adjacent laying units. It is a novelty to provide angular stones as bricks between two adjacent laying units. Working with angled locking bricks is only possible if the arrangement of the bricks in the laying units and the associated creation of recesses of suitable size and placement is carried out in such a sophisticated manner that angular stone-suitable recess pairs are formed. Angled bricks as bricks have the particular advantage that they can be anchored particularly well with the bricks of the two adjacent laying units and therefore achieve a particularly effective bricks function.

Preferably, two recesses are located opposite each other in the relevant pair of sides of the adjacent laying units in such a way that the second laying unit can be applied without an offset in the longitudinal direction of this side for insertion of the block or block group. In this way, those sides of the two adjacent laying units that are at right angles to the previously considered side pair with inserted block or block group are aligned with one another. There, the laying units can thus be laid along a straight edge of the surface to be covered, without having to manually use "beginner stones" or "keystones" for filling. On the other hand, the above-mentioned design, which includes the ability to apply without offset, means that there are long continuous joints in the installation network, at right angles to the previously considered side pair with locking block insertion. In a large number of applications, such continuous joints are tolerable, in particular if they run essentially at right angles to the direction of travel of the covering from laying units, that is to say in particular transversely to the longitudinal direction of an occupied street or an occupied path. The running of such continuous joints in the direction of travel is less favorable. On the other hand, if the highest load capacity of the covering is desired, the opposite version is particularly advantageous: in the case of the pair of sides concerned, two recesses lie opposite each other in such a way that the second laying unit with an offset in the longitudinal direction of this side and for inserting the block or Block group can be created. This mutual offset of the laying units (“staggers” of the laying units) means that in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the previously considered side pair there are no joints that extend over more than one length or width of the laying unit.

Similar considerations as described above for the load-bearing capacity of coverings in connection with continuous or non-continuous joints apply when considering whether recesses should only be provided on two opposite sides of the laying unit or on all four sides. Providing on only two opposite sides is fine if you work with offset of the laying units in the longitudinal direction of these sides ("staggers") or if you can live with continuous joints perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the previously considered sides. If, on the other hand, you work with recesses on all sides, you have provided a displacement protection of the laying units even without "stagging" the laying units. Protection against misalignment becomes more pronounced if the laying units are "stagged" in one of the two "main directions" of the covering.

It is a characteristic of the laying unit according to the invention that, if one has the case of a pair of recesses with a single angular stone as a brick, one recess of the pair of recesses is generally larger and the other recess of the pair of recesses is smaller. Consider the larger recess, the angular locking block can be inserted stanchions typically in two different Orientie ^¬. The result of this is that the adjacent laying unit can be optionally in two different positions (which differ by a positioning displacement distance, which differ in the longitudinal direction of the two laying unit sides in question with the considered extensions takes) can be created. Illustrative examples of this are described in more detail below.

105 Some or all of the stones of the laying unit are preferably angular. As already mentioned, angular stones are characterized by a particularly high anchoring effect with neighboring stones. On the other hand, it is not always easy and not always possible to construct laying units that have the desired recesses and yet

110 consist exclusively of angular stones. Therefore, the area of the preferred embodiments of the invention considered here also includes laying units, some of which (particularly preferably at least 30% of the laying unit area or at least 50% of this area) consist of angular stones, but also other stones, in particular

Roughly 115 - twice as long as wide stones or square stones. Angular stones are particularly preferred at the corners of the laying unit.

The angular bricks of the laying unit and the 120 angular bricks preferably have the same shape.

The laying unit preferably has a size of 60 cm by 90 cm to 120 cm by 180 cm. This is a size range that can be managed with the board size of today's production machines for concrete blocks. The larger the laying unit, the more rational the manufacture and laying will be, provided the necessary, more complex equipment is available.

In the laying unit, there is preferably only one recess per relevant side (that is to say at all provided for a recess). 130 It must be borne in mind that every recess in the installation unit means that no stone is produced at this point in the production of the installation unit. The more recesses are provided, the more this aspect of economical production suffers. However, the development of the invention considered here is an optimal compromise between sufficient 135 pronounced locking effect between adjacent laying units and little loss in the economy of production.

There is an inner connection between the possibility mentioned above, the angular block in one under consideration

140 optional recess pair in two different orientations, and the provision of only one recess per relevant page (i.e. intended for a recess at all). If you see both together, for the first time you have the option of using installation units with only one recess per side

145 different relative positions and blocks in the recess pair.

The stones of the laying unit and / or the block stones are preferably composite stones. Composite stones are artificial stones that surround the

150 circumference or at least a substantial part of their circumferential projections and recesses for interlocking with complementary projections and recesses of adjacent stones. Composite stones therefore provide a significantly better bond effect than stones of the same format without protrusions and recesses. This advantage makes itself felt both with the stones inside

155 of the laying unit as well as the stones along the edge of the laying unit (interlocking with the curbs of the neighboring laying unit!) As well as the Rjegelstones. In addition, it should be noted that in many cases, composite blocks as a brick are somewhat more difficult to fit into the relevant pair of recesses. This difficulty is

160 intended design of the invention consciously accepted in order to secure the mentioned advantage.

Concrete is primarily considered as an "artificial stone material". However, materials with a different hardening mechanism, such as brick material, can also be used instead of the cement set or in addition to the cement set 165. Particular attention is drawn to the possibility of production from polymer concrete, in particular also only an upper partial layer of polymer concrete. 170 The laying units according to the invention are intended in particular for fastening roads, paths, squares, driveways, pedestrian zones, commercial or industrial areas such as container spaces or areas in front of loading ramps or factory yards, and similar other fields of use. Areas of special use are areas used by vehicles

175, including in particular cars, trucks, forklifts.

The subject of the invention is not only the laying unit described in itself, but also a laying association composed of several laying units. In addition, the invention comprises a form of manufacture for a laying unit according to the invention.

The invention and preferred features of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It shows:

185 Fig. 1 a laying unit made of stones in plan view; Figure 2 shows another laying unit made of stones in plan view. 3 shows another laying unit made of stones in plan view; Figure 4 shows another laying unit made of stones in plan view. 190 Fig. 5 another laying unit made of stones in plan view; 6 shows another laying unit made of stones in plan view; 7 shows two laying units laid side by side in a top view; 8 shows another laying unit made of stones in plan view; 9 shows two laying units laid side by side in plan view; 195 Fig. 10 another laying unit made of stones in plan view; Fig. 1 1 two laying units laid side by side in plan view.

The laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a total of sixteen stones 4 made of artificial stone material. All stones 4 have the same shape and size,

However, 200 are alternately oriented within the laying unit 2 (a total of four orientations are possible). Each stone 4 is angular. At the bottom right in FIG. 1, by means of an example stone 6, it is illustrated by broken lines that one stone 4 in each case can be imagined as an integral combination of three partial stones which are square in plan view. Other types of win

205 cone-shaped stones are possible, as will be explained further below.

Each stone 4 has a leg length 8 of - in the described embodiments - 20 to 35 cm. The thickness of the stones 4, measured at right angles to the plane of the drawing, is 6 to 12 cm in the exemplary embodiments.

The laying unit 2 has two transverse sides 12 and two longitudinal sides 14. In the transverse side 12 on the left in FIG. 1, a first recess 16 is somewhat below that

215 center of the transverse page available. In the right transverse side 12 in FIG. 1 there is a center second recess 18 is present. In the upper longitudinal side 14 in FIG. 1 there is a third recess 20 somewhat to the left of the center. A fourth recess 22 is provided in the center of the lower longitudinal side 14. The first recess 16 and the fourth recess 22 each have the size of 220 one third of a stone 4, while the second recess 18 and the third recess 20 each have the size of two thirds of a stone 4.

It can easily be seen that on the laying unit 2 shown in FIG.

225 units can be created, without any offset in the transverse direction and without offset in the longitudinal direction. This results in a recess pair the size of a stone 4 on each of the four sides 12, 14 of the illustrated laying unit 2. A stone the size of a single stone 4 can be inserted into the respective recess pair for the final completion of the

230 lags can be put into it. The angular lines 24 illustrate the orientation in which the locking blocks are finally placed.

Alternatively, it is possible to place a further, identically designed laying unit 2 with an offset in on the lower longitudinal side 14 of the laying unit 2 shown

235 to be applied in the longitudinal direction, the offset being half a leg length 8 and the further installation unit 2 being offset to the right relative to the illustrated installation unit 2. The angular line 26 illustrates the orientation with which the block there is inserted in this case. Similarly, one can also on the left transverse side 12 of the drawn

240 Laying unit 2 lay another laying unit 2 with an offset in the transverse direction by half a leg length 8 downwards. It is a special and welcome property of the laying unit according to the invention (not only limited to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, but given in many embodiments of the invention) that optionally (!) An adjacent one

245 installation unit can be created without offset or with offset.

The laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 1 has been produced in the configuration shown on the board of a concrete block production machine (whereby in the actual production, by the design of the mold, 250 things, the joints between the stones 4 were still slightly larger than in the laying unit 2 in the state during laying and after laying). Without the recesses 16, 18, 20, 22, eighteen stones 4 would have been produced simultaneously with the corresponding size of the manufacturing mold. Because of the recesses, there are 16, 18, 20, 22 of this production quantity

255 two stones 4 lost.

FIG. 2 shows a modified laying unit in order to illustrate that 4 projections 32 and recesses 34 can be present on the circumference of the stones, so that stones 4 located next to one another can be formed by complementary,

260 interlocking projections 32 and recesses 34 are interlocked r. In this case, one speaks of composite blocks 4. To simplify the drawing, the joints between adjacent blocks 4 are drawn as a single line instead of as a double line. Otherwise, everything that has also been described for the embodiment according to FIG. 265 1 applies to the embodiment according to FIG. 2.

3 shows an embodiment which differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 by the following:

270 The length of the laying unit 2 is 5.5 (instead of 4.5) leg lengths 8, and the width of the laying unit 2 is 3.5 (instead of 3) leg lengths 8. There are a total of 24 stones 4 (instead of 16 stones 4). One of the stones, namely the stone 36 at the bottom left in FIG. 3, is a stone twice as long as it is wide, whereas all the other stones are 4 angular stones. All stones have 4

275 projections 32 and recesses 34 on their circumference, but in a different geometry than in the embodiment of FIG. 2. The orientations of the stones 4 do not all match the orientations of the stones 4 in FIG. 1. The joints are drawn as single lines. 80 The laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 4 differs from the laying unit 2 according to FIG. 1 by the following: The laying unit 2 has a recess 20 on its upper longitudinal side 14 (still the size of two thirds of a stone 4) and on its underside

285 ren longitudinal side 14 a recess 22 (still the size of a third of a stone 4), whereas there are no recesses on the transverse sides 12. As a result, the laying unit 2 has seventeen stones 4. A further laying unit 2 can optionally be placed on the lower longitudinal side 14 with or without an offset in the longitudinal side direction; the same goes for that

290 laying on the upper long side 14. The orientations of the stones 4 are not all the same as in FIG. 1.

The laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 5 differs from the laying unit 2 according to FIG. 4 by the following:

295 The recess 22 on the lower longitudinal side 14 is displaced to the right by a leg length 8. As a result, adjacent laying units 2 can inevitably only be placed on the long sides 14 with an offset in the long side direction. The orientations of the stones 4 are not all 300 the same as in FIG. 4.

The laying unit 2 designated in FIG. 6 differs from the laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 1 by the following:

305 On the left transverse side 12 there is a recess 16, now the size of two thirds of a stone 4, and on the right transverse side 12 there is a recess 18 the size of a third of a stone 4. There are no recesses on the longitudinal sides 14 , 6 there is a square stone 38 at the bottom left (all other stones 4 still having an angular shape).

310 shaped stones are). There are a total of twelve angular stones 4 and a square stone 8. The orientations of the stones 4 are not all the same as in FIG. 1.

Adjacent installation units 4 can be created either without offset or with 315 offset in the transverse direction. The laying units 2 shown in FIG. 7 each correspond to the laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 7 showing the offset between two adjacent laying units 2 in the longitudinal direction. Here, for the first time, a block 40 is shown explicitly. The locking block 40 has the size and shape of the angular stones 4 in the laying units 2. Alternatively, the lower laying unit 2 in FIG. 7 can be placed offset to the right by half a leg length 8. In this case, the locking block 40 must be inserted in accordance with the location orientation 26 shown in FIG. 5, that is to say rotated by 90 ° clockwise in comparison with the illustration in FIG. 7

The laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 8 differs from the laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 4 by the following:

On the upper longitudinal side 14 there is a recess 20 which is 1.5 leg lengths 8 long and 0.5 leg length 8 wide. On the lower longitudinal side 14 there is an identical recess 22, mirror image of the recess 20. The recesses 20, 22 both lie centrally on the long sides 14. The orientations of the stones 4 are not all the same as in FIG. 4.

If additional laying units are placed on the long sides 14 of the illustrated laying unit 2, larger pairs of recesses are created, and two angular locking blocks 40 (only indicated by the angular lines 24 in FIG. 8) are used to fill the recess pairs, which are set against one another in accordance with the angular lines 24 and fill out the larger pair of recesses as a brick group. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, adjacent laying units 2 cannot be laid with an offset in the longitudinal direction.

The laying units 2 shown in FIG. 9 differ from the laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 8 in each case by the following: 350 On the upper long side 14, the 1.5 leg length 8 long recess has moved a bit to the left out of the center of the laying unit, on the lower long side 14 the 1.5 leg length 8 long recess 22 has moved a bit to the right out of the middle of the laying unit moved away. As a result, the lower laying unit 2 must be offset by a leg length 8 in the longitudinal

355 page direction offset to the right. The orientations of the stones 4 are not all the same as in FIG. 8.

The laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 10 is a modification of the laying unit shown in FIG. 5 and is intended to illustrate that the

360 laying unit 2 according to the invention can also provide several recesses per longitudinal side 14 and / or several recesses per transverse side 12. If you lay another laying unit along the long side without an offset in the long side direction, the locking blocks must be inserted in the orientations illustrated by the angular lines 24.

365 FIG. 11 shows an alternative way of laying two laying units 2 next to one another in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 10. The lower laying unit 2 is now applied to the upper laying unit 2 with an offset of 0.5 leg length 8 to the right. Now the locking blocks 40 370 are each inserted in a different orientation into the pair of recesses in question, namely rotated 90 ° clockwise.

It is emphasized that the formation of the stones 4 as composite stones, as has been illustrated by way of example by FIGS. 2 and 3, can be present in all embodiments of the invention. The changed number of stones, the changed stone positioning and the changed stone orientation, as illustrated by FIG. 3, can also be realized in laying units 2, the stones 4 of which are not composite stones.

It is further emphasized that the term "angular stone" is not only to be understood as angular stones 4 of the type shown in the drawings (two legs of equal length; formation conceivable as an integral combination of three essentially square partial stones), but rather that all stone forms are to be subsumed here, for which there is at least one angular change in the general direction of extension. Further examples are: stone with a bend and two legs of different lengths (L-stone); Stone with two bends (U stone or Z stone) and more.

Claims

390PATENTANSPRÜCHE

395 1. Installation unit consisting of a number of stones (4) made of artificial stone material, having the following features:

(a) the laying unit (2) has - roughly speaking - rectangular format with 400 two long sides (14) and two transverse sides (12);

(b) either only on the two long sides (14) or only on the two transverse sides (12) or both on the two long sides (14) and on the two transverse sides (12) is at least one recess (16;

405 18; 20; 22) per side (12; 14);

(c) each recess (16; 18; 20; 22) has such a size that in a pair of recesses formed when a second laying unit (2) is created, a single angular stone (4) is used as a locking block (40)

410 fits between the two laying units (2) or a plurality of angular stones (4) fit as a block group.

2. Installation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that there are two in the relevant pair of pages

415 recesses (16; 18; 20; 22) lie opposite each other in such a way that the second laying unit (2) can be applied without offset in the longitudinal direction of this side (12; 14) and for inserting the locking block (40) or the locking block group.

3. Laying unit according to claim 1 or 2,

420 characterized in that the stones (4) of the laying unit (2) are partially or all angular.

4. laying unit according to claim 3,

425 characterized in that the angular stones (4) of the laying unit (2) and the locking stones (40) have the same shape.

5. Laying unit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has a size of 60 cm by 90 cm to 430 120 cm by 180 cm.

6. Installation unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that there is only one recess (16; 18; 20; 22) per relevant side (12).

435 Laying unit according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the stones (4) of the laying unit (2) and / or the locking blocks (40) are composite blocks.

440