WO2005022921A1 - 動画像符号化方法および動画像復号化方法 - Google Patents
動画像符号化方法および動画像復号化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/186—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a video encoding method for encoding each picture constituting a video in block units, and a video decoding method for decoding an encoded code sequence.
- Film motion pictures are composed of silver halide crystals dispersed in a photographic emulsion of the film. Each image recorded on a photographic film is generated by exposing and developing a silver halide crystal. Color — In images, silver is chemically removed after development. However, the silver crystal structure remains as small pigment particles after development. Because silver crystals are irregularly shaped in the emulsion, the grains are irregularly formed and scattered throughout the image. The recognizable particle structure is called film grain (film particle), for example, the particle structure shown in Fig. 1.
- Video coding standards have been developed to compress video data.
- ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector
- ISO International Organization for Standardization
- IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
- MPEG-X International Electrotechnical Commission
- H.264 or MPEG-4AVC The latest and advanced video coding standards are called H.264 or MPEG-4AVC.
- each picture is divided into blocks so that the pictures constituting the moving picture are compressed in units of blocks, which are blocks of several pixels.
- each block of the moving image data is transformed from the spatial domain to the frequency domain, the obtained transform coefficients are quantized, and the quantized transform coefficients are entropy-encoded, thereby obtaining a spatial picture. Reduce redundancy.
- utilizing the temporal correlation with blocks of other pictures only the amount of change from other pictures is encoded. This is done using motion detection and compensation techniques.
- Hybrid coding technology combines temporal ⁇ spatial compression technology with statistical coding.
- Uses techniques such as motion compensation, discrete cosine transform (DC), quantization of DCT coefficients, and variable length coding (VLC).
- Motion compensation determines the motion of the image between the current picture and the coded picture, predicts the current picture from the determined motion, and generates a difference image representing the difference between the current picture and the predicted picture. Is what you do.
- moving picture compression if encoding is performed with a reduced bit rate, the film grain is deleted, and there is a problem that the unique texture of the film due to the film grain is lost.
- moving image compression removes high-frequency components of an image to reduce the amount of information.
- film grains are high-definition components and high-frequency component signals, they are removed by compression processing.
- one way to process film grain information separately from image content is to remove the film grain information from the video sequence, parameterize the film grain information based on a given film grain model, and create a statistical film. It is conceivable to transmit the grain parameters and add them to the encoded video data.
- the film grain parameter can be transmitted in the form of SEI (Supplementation Information) in the MPEG-4AVC system.
- SEI mode includes additional information about the transmitted bitstream to provide display capability within the coded picture.
- SEI information provides picture freeze, picture snapshot, video segmentation, progressive refinement, and key input. These options are intended to provide a decoder with support and functionality within the bitstream.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an outline of film grain parameter transmission.
- the moving image data input to the encoding device 700 is a film gray Is sent to the image removal filter 701, and the film grain is removed from the moving image data.
- the moving image data from which the film grain has been removed is subjected to a standard moving image coding process by the coding unit 72.
- the encoded moving image data is transmitted as a code string (encoded video stream) to the corresponding decoding device 800.
- the film grain removal filter 70 1 is implemented by a motion compensated temporal median filter. Because of the irregular structure of the film grain, it can easily be removed from the image sequence using a temporal median filter as long as there is no motion. For video sequences with motion in the image content, a more sophisticated approach is needed. Therefore, the motion compensated temporal median filter follows the motion from picture to picture and filters each image content to remove film grains.
- the moving image data from which the film grain information has been removed is encoded according to any of the existing moving image coding standards, but the film grain information is sent to the film grain parameterizing section 703,
- the film grain is parameterized according to a statistical model.
- the parameterization of the film grain can be accompanied by color conversion and pixel or pixel interpolation depending on the original signal format.
- film grain is modeled in RGB color space and approximates the color composition of photographic film.
- a monochrome film grain can be added to the Y component (luminance component) in the YUV color space.
- a simple way to parameterize film grain is to treat the film grain as Gaussian noise added to the image signal.
- each color component And / or different parameters must be sent for each particle level set.
- the resulting film grain parameters are transmitted in the video stream in the form of SEI messages.
- the SEI message including the encoded moving image data and the film grain parameters is transmitted to the decoding device 800.
- the decoding device 800 includes a decoding unit 801 for decoding encoded moving image data, and a film grain simulator unit 802.
- the film grain simulator section 802 generates a film grain according to the received film grain parameter, and adds the generated film grain to the decoded moving image data. In this way, moving image data on which film grain is superimposed can be reproduced.
- the film grain simulation is completely performed on the decoding device 800 side.
- Film grain simulation relies on a given model to reproduce film grain on a particular unused film.
- film grain simulation is performed by parameterizing a configurable model.
- the film grain simulation is performed after decoding the moving image data and before displaying the moving image data.
- the disadvantage of this method is that in order to obtain the respective parameters, the film grain information must be standardized according to a known statistical film grain model. Therefore, only film grain that fits the standard statistical film grain model can be properly encoded and transmitted for correct decoding and playback.
- Such conventional film grain removal methods require sophisticated calculations and complex hardware, especially due to motion compensation filtering.
- a flag indicating the amount of noise is encoded and transmitted, and the bit stream is decoded.
- a moving picture coding method and a moving picture decoding method in which white noise is added according to a flag have been proposed (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-77965).
- the moving picture encoding method and the moving picture decoding method only add white noise uniformly according to the flag indicating the amount of noise removed by the pre-filter, and the reproducibility of the image is low.
- the high-frequency component such as a green tree
- the high-frequency component is deleted as in the case of film grain, and the fine portion is removed. There is a problem that cannot be reproduced. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and even at a low bit rate, a moving image that can improve the reproducibility by restoring a film grain, a portion having many high frequency components, and the like. It is an object to provide an encoding method and a moving image decoding method.
- a moving picture coding method is a moving picture coding method for coding each picture constituting a moving picture in block units, wherein the coding target picture is coded.
- a first encoding step an extraction step of extracting a high-definition component from the picture to be encoded, and the high-definition component of at least one block from the high-definition component extracted by the extraction step.
- a selection step for selecting.
- the video encoding method further includes a second encoding step of encoding at least one block of the high-definition components selected in the selection step.
- the moving picture decoding method is a moving picture decoding method in which each picture constituting a moving picture decodes a code string encoded in units of blocks, wherein the code string A first decoding step of decoding the image data to generate decoded image data, an obtaining step of obtaining at least one block of high-definition components, and the at least one block of the height obtained by the obtaining step. And a superimposing step of superimposing a fine component on the decoded image data.
- the high-definition component includes a film grain component.
- the present invention can be realized not only as such a moving picture encoding method and a moving picture decoding method, but also as characteristic features included in such a moving picture encoding method and a moving picture decoding method.
- the present invention can be realized as a moving image encoding device and a moving image decoding device having steps as means, or as a program for causing a computer to execute those steps. It goes without saying that such a program can be distributed via a recording medium such as a CD-ROM or a transmission medium such as the Internet.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the grain structure of a film grain.
- Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the outline of film grain parameter transmission.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a video encoding device and a video decoding device using the video encoding method and the video decoding method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an encoding unit of the video encoding device.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a film grain encoding unit of the video encoding device.
- FIG. 6 (a) is a block diagram showing a first configuration example of the selection unit of the film grain coding unit
- FIGS. 6 (b) and (c) are diagrams showing an example of a histogram.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a second configuration example of the selection unit of the film grain encoding unit.
- FIG. 8A is a block diagram illustrating a third configuration example of the selection unit of the film grain coding unit
- FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of pixel values of each divided macroblock.
- FIG. 8 (c) is a diagram showing an example of a film grain component for one macroblock calculated by the median value calculation unit.
- FIG. 9 (a) is a diagram showing an example of a film grain component for one macroblock
- FIG. 9 (b) is a diagram showing an example of a component output from the variable length coding unit.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the operation of the video encoding device.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a decoding unit of the video decoding device.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a first configuration example of the film grain generation unit.
- FIGS. 13 (a) to 13 (h) are diagrams showing examples of correction patterns.
- FIGS. 14 (a) to 14 (c) are diagrams showing examples of correction patterns.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a second configuration example of the film grain generation unit.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the combination of the decoded image data and the superimposed pattern by the combining unit.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the operation of the video decoding device.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an encoding unit and a film grain encoding unit of a video encoding device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a decoding unit of a video decoding device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a first configuration example of the film grain generation unit.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating a second configuration example of the film grain generation unit.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a moving picture coding apparatus and a moving picture decoding apparatus using the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a video decoding device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of a recording medium for storing a program for realizing the moving picture encoding method and the moving picture decoding method of each embodiment by a computer system.
- Flexible body Explanatory diagram showing an example of the physical format of a flexible disk
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration for performing reproduction.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a content supply system that realizes a content distribution service.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobile phone.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing the internal configuration of the mobile phone.
- FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the digital broadcasting system. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a video encoding device and a video decoding device using the video encoding method and the video decoding method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the moving picture coding device 100 is a device for coding the film grain separately from the main image, and includes a coding unit 110 and a film grain coding unit 130 as shown in FIG. Have.
- the video decoding device 2 is a device for coding the film grain separately from the main image, and includes a coding unit 110 and a film grain coding unit 130 as shown in FIG. Have.
- the video decoding device 2 is a device for coding the film grain separately from the main image, and includes a coding unit 110 and a film grain coding unit 130 as shown in FIG. Have.
- the video decoding device 2 is a device for coding the film grain separately from the main image, and includes a coding unit 110 and a film grain coding unit 130 as shown in FIG. Have.
- the video decoding device 2 is a device for coding the film grain separately from the main image, and includes a coding unit 110 and a film grain coding unit 130 as shown in FIG. Have.
- the video decoding device 2 is a device for coding
- Reference numeral 0 denotes a device for superimposing a film grain on a decoded image, and includes a decoding unit 210, a film grain generation unit 230, and a combining unit 240 as shown in FIG. ing.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the encoding unit 110 of the video encoding device 100.
- the encoding unit 110 includes a control unit 111, a prediction residual encoding unit 112, a variable length encoding unit 113, a prediction residual decoding unit 114, and a picture. It comprises a memory 115, a motion vector detection unit 116, a motion compensation encoding unit 117, a difference operation unit 118, an addition operation unit 119, and a switch 120.
- the motion vector detecting unit 116 uses the encoded decoded image data as a reference picture, and indicates a motion amount to a position of an image area closest to the input image in a search area in the picture. Performs motion vector detection.
- the motion compensation coding unit 117 determines the coding mode of the block using the motion vector detected by the motion vector detection unit 116, and predicts the prediction image based on this coding mode. Generate data.
- the encoding mode indicates how to encode the macroblock.
- the difference calculation unit 118 calculates a difference between the input image data input and the prediction image data input from the motion compensation coding unit 117 to generate prediction residual image data.
- the prediction residual coding unit 1 1 2 performs coding processing such as frequency conversion such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) or quantization on the input prediction residual image data to generate coded data.
- the variable-length coding unit 113 performs variable-length coding and the like on the input coded data, and further obtains information on the motion vector input from the motion compensation coding unit 117 and coding.
- a code string is generated by adding mode information and the like.
- the control unit 111 controls a parameter, a switch 120, and the like in the quantization performed by the prediction residual encoding unit 1 "I2.
- the prediction residual decoding unit 114 performs decoding processing such as inverse quantization and inverse frequency transformation on the input encoded data to generate decoded differential image data. To do.
- the addition operation unit 119 adds the decoded difference image data input from the prediction residual decoding unit 114 to the prediction image data input to the motion compensation encoding unit 111. And generate the decoded image data.
- the picture memory 115 stores the generated decoded image data.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the film grain encoding unit 130 of the video encoding device 100.
- the film grain encoding unit 130 includes an extraction unit 131, a selection unit 132, and a variable length encoding unit 133.
- the extraction unit 1331 calculates a difference between the input image data input and the decoded image data input from the addition operation unit 119, and extracts a film grain component.
- the selecting unit 1332 divides the film grain component of the picture to be encoded extracted by the extracting unit 131 into, for example, 16 ⁇ 16 pixel macroblocks, and forms a film grain of at least one macroblock. Select a component and output it as a representative pattern.
- the selection unit 132 three examples of the configuration of the selection unit 132 will be described.
- FIG. 6A is a block diagram showing a first configuration example of the selection unit 132 of the film grain encoding unit 130. As shown in FIG.
- the selection unit 132 includes a block division unit 1321, a variance calculation unit 1322, a histogram generation unit 1323, and a block selection unit 133224.
- the block division unit 1321 divides the film grain component of the picture to be encoded extracted by the extraction unit 131, into macroblocks of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels, for example.
- the variance calculation unit 1 3 2 2 calculates a variance value for each macroblock divided by the block division unit 1 3 2 1, that is, a pixel of each pixel constituting the macroblock. Calculate the variance of the value.
- This variance can be calculated using, for example, the following equation.
- ⁇ is the number of pixels constituting the macroblock
- X is the pixel value of each pixel.
- the histogram generator 1332 3 generates a histogram of the variance value calculated by the variance calculator 13 22 as shown in FIG. 6 (b), for example, and the frequency of the histogram becomes a peak.
- the block selector 1332 is notified of the MAC block having the following variance value. Note that there are a plurality of macroblocks having a variance value at which the histogram frequency peaks, so that a plurality of macroblocks are notified to the block selection unit 1324.
- the block selection unit 1324 selects one of the macroblocks notified from the histogram generation unit 1323 and sets the film grain component of the macroblock as a representative pattern. Output.
- the selected macroblock may be any of the macroblocks notified from the block selection unit 1324.
- the block selection unit 1324 further specifies, as additional information, a permission pattern or a prohibition pattern at the time of superimposition on the output film grain component.
- the specification of the permission pattern or the prohibition pattern is performed for each picture or for each film grain component.
- the permission pattern or the prohibition pattern will be described in detail in the configuration of the moving picture decoding device described later. '
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a second configuration example of the selection unit 132 of the film grain encoding unit 130. As shown in FIG.
- the selection unit 132 includes a block division unit 1321, a variance calculation unit 1322, and a block selection unit 1325. Note that the block division unit 1321 and the variance calculation unit 1322 are the same as those shown in Fig. 6 (a).
- the block selection section 1 3 2 5 holds a predetermined dispersion value set in advance. Then, the block selecting unit 1325 selects the macroblocks having the same variance value as the predetermined variance value among the variance values of the macroblocks calculated by the variance calculating unit 1322. One macroblock is selected from, and the film grain component of that macroblock is output as a representative pattern.
- the block selection unit 1325 as in the case of the block selection unit 1324 in the first configuration example, further includes, as additional information, a permission pattern or a permission pattern at the time of superimposition on the output film grain component. Specify a prohibited pattern.
- FIG. 8A is a block diagram showing a third configuration example of the selection unit 132 of the film grain encoding unit 130. As shown in FIG.
- the selection unit 1332 includes a block division unit 1321 and a median calculation unit 1326. Note that the block division unit 1321 is the same as that shown in FIG. 6 (a).
- the median value calculation unit 1 3 2 6 The median value is calculated for each pixel position in the macroblock through each macroblock. For example, as shown in Fig. 8 (b), the upper left pixel value of each macro block (4 x 4 pixels in Fig. 8 (b)) "0", “2", ... , Then the median of the pixel values ⁇ 3 J, ⁇ 2 J,... ⁇ 1 j on the upper left, then the pixel value ⁇ 1 _], ⁇ 3 J,... “1 1
- the median value of J is sequentially calculated as follows, and the median value calculation unit 1326 outputs the calculated median value for each pixel position as a film grain component for one macroblock. In the above example, as shown in FIG. 8 (c), components having pixel values ⁇ 0 J, ⁇ 2 J, “1 J,...” Are output as representative patterns for one macroblock.
- the median value calculation unit 1326 as with the block selection unit 1324 of the first configuration example, further includes, as additional information, a permission pattern or a prohibition pattern during superimposition on the output film grain component. Is specified.
- the variance calculation unit 1322 notifies the histogram generation unit 13323 of only the calculated variance value of each mash block that is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold. It may be constituted so that it does.
- the variable length coding unit 133 encodes the representative pattern output by the selection unit 132. For example, when the pixel value of the picture to be encoded is represented by 8 bits, the representative pattern output by the selection unit 132 is a differential value, and thus can be represented by 9 bits. If the film grain component for one macroblock, which is the representative pattern output by the selection unit 132, has a component as shown in FIG. 9 (a), for example, the variable length coding unit 133 outputs the 9-bit component as shown in Fig. 9 (b).
- variable-length coding unit 13 3 Frequency coefficients such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) may be performed on the table pattern, and the coefficients may be encoded. In this case, it is preferable not to perform quantization in order to completely reproduce the representative pattern, but quantization may be performed using a small quantization parameter.
- DCT discrete cosine transform
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the operation of the video encoding device in this case.
- the input image is input to the encoding unit 110 and the film grain encoding unit 130 in picture order in display time.
- the encoding unit 110 encodes the current picture to be coded, and generates a code string (Step S101). Further, the encoding unit 110 generates the decoded image data, and outputs it to the film grain encoding unit 130 (step S102).
- the extraction unit 1331 of the film grain encoding unit 130 calculates the difference between the input image data and the decoded image data input from the addition operation unit 119 of the encoding unit 110, A film grain component is extracted (step S103).
- the block dividing unit 1321 divides the film grain component extracted by the extracting unit 131 into macroblocks of, for example, 16 ⁇ 16® elements (step S104).
- the variance calculation unit 1322 calculates a variance value for each macroblock divided by the block division unit 1321 (step S105).
- the histogram generator 1332 3 generates a histogram of the variance value calculated by the variance calculator 1322, and determines which macroblock has a variance value at which the histogram frequency has a peak. Is notified to the block selection section "! 3 2 4 (step S106).
- the block selector 1 3 2 4 selects one of the macroblocks notified from the histogram generator 1 3 2 3,
- the macro grain film grain component is output as a representative pattern (step S107).
- the block selection unit 1324 further specifies, as additional information, a permitted pattern or a prohibited pattern at the time of superimposition with respect to the representative pattern to be output, and outputs it (step S108).
- the variable-length encoding unit 133 encodes the representative pattern and the additional information output by the selecting unit 132 (step S109).
- the encoded representative pattern and additional information are sent as a code sequence different from the code sequence generated by the encoding unit 110. Note that the encoded representative pattern and the additional information can be transmitted as user data of a code string generated by the encoding unit 110.
- the video decoding device 200 includes a decoding unit 210, a film grain generation unit 230, and a combining unit 240, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the decoding unit 210 of the video decoding device 200.
- the decoding unit 210 includes a variable-length decoding unit 211, a prediction residual decoding unit 212, a picture memory 213, a motion compensation decoding unit 214, a switch 215, and addition.
- An operation unit 2 16 is provided.
- the variable-length decoding unit 211 extracts various data such as information on the re-decoding mode from the input code string and information on the motion vector used at the time of encoding.
- the prediction residual decoding unit 212 decodes the input prediction residual encoded data to generate prediction residual image data.
- the motion compensation decoding unit 211 generates motion compensation image data based on the information on the decoding mode, the information on the motion vector, and the like.
- the addition operation unit 2 16 receives the prediction residual input from the prediction residual decoding unit 2 12.
- the difference image data is added to the motion compensation image data input from the motion compensation decoding unit 2 14 to generate decoded image data.
- the picture memory 2 13 stores the generated decoded image data.
- the film grain generation unit 230 generates a superimposition pattern based on the film grain component and the additional information transmitted from the video encoding device 100.
- a superimposition pattern based on the film grain component and the additional information transmitted from the video encoding device 100.
- two examples of the configuration of the film grain generation unit 230 will be described.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a first configuration example of the film grain generation section 230. As shown in FIG. 12
- the film grain generation unit 230 includes a variable length decoding unit 231, a correction unit 232, a correction pattern selection unit 233, and a random number generation unit 234.
- the variable-length decoding unit 2 31 performs variable-length decoding on the representative pattern and the additional information encoded and transmitted by the video encoding device 100.
- the random number generation unit 234 generates a correction pattern indicating what correction is to be performed in the correction unit 232 by generating a random number using a random function. For example, as shown in Fig. 13 (a), the correction pattern is left as it is (no correction), inverted as shown in Fig. 13 (b), 90 degrees right as shown in Fig. 13 (c). Rotate 90 degrees to the right as shown in Figure 13 (d), rotate 180 degrees to the right as shown in Figure 13 (e), and rotate it 180 degrees as shown in Figure 13 (f). Is rotated 180 degrees, rotated left 90 degrees as shown in Fig. 13 (g), and rotated left 90 degrees as shown in Fig. 13 (h). The appropriate pattern.
- the representative pattern of the region 50 shown in FIG. 14 (a) is shifted to the left as shown in FIG. 14 (b) as a correction pattern, and the region 51 out of the region 50 is shifted. To the vacant area 52 as shown in Fig. 14 (c). It is also possible to determine the pattern such as to make the pattern. In this case, the shift amount may be determined by generating a random number.
- the correction pattern selection unit 2 33 3 corrects the correction pattern excluding the prohibition pattern from the correction patterns notified from the random number generation unit 2 34. 3 Notify 2.
- the correction pattern selection unit 233 corrects only the permission pattern in the correction pattern notified from the random number generation unit 234. Notify to If the permission pattern and the prohibition pattern are not specified as the additional information, all the correction patterns notified from the random number generation section 234 are notified to the correction section 232.
- the correction unit 232 corrects the decoded representative pattern using the correction pattern notified from the correction pattern selection unit 233 to generate a superimposed pattern.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a second configuration example of the film grain generation section 230. As shown in FIG.
- the film grain generation unit 230 includes a variable length decoding unit 231, a correction unit 232, and a correction pattern holding unit 236. Note that the variable-length decoding unit 231 and the correction unit 232 are the same as those shown in FIG.
- the correction pattern holding section 236 holds a correction pattern set in advance.
- the correction pattern for example, in the case of the example shown in FIG. 13, the correction pattern and the order of the correction pattern are held.
- the shift amount and the order in which the shift amount is performed are held.
- the synthesizing unit 240 combines the decoded image data output from the decoding unit 210 with the superimposed pattern output from the film grain generating unit 230 in FIG. Are synthesized as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the operation of the video decoding device in this case.
- the decoding unit 210 decodes the code string transmitted from the video encoding device 100 (Step S201). Also, the variable length decoding unit 231 of the film grain generation unit 230 performs variable length decoding on the representative pattern and the additional information that have been encoded and transmitted by the video encoding device 100 ( Step S202). Next, the random number generation unit 234 generates a correction pattern by generating a random number (step S203).
- the correction pattern selection section 233 determines whether or not a prohibited pattern is specified as additional information (step S204). As a result of this determination, if the prohibited pattern is specified, the correction pattern excluding the prohibited pattern in the correction pattern notified from the random number generation unit 234 is reported to the correction unit 232 (step S205). On the other hand, if the prohibition pattern is not specified, all the correction patterns notified from the random number generation section 234 are notified to the correction section 232. The correction unit 232 corrects the decoded representative pattern using the correction pattern notified from the correction pattern selection unit 233 to generate a superimposed pattern (step S206).
- the combining unit 240 combines the decoded image data output from the decoding unit 210 with the superimposed pattern output from the film grain generation unit 230 (step S207).
- the film grain component of at least one macroblock is coded as a representative pattern and transmitted.
- Video decoding device 2 since the superimposition pattern generated based on the representative pattern is superimposed on the decoded image data obtained by decoding the code string, even if the input image is encoded at a low bit rate, the film grain And reproducibility can be improved. Also, since the number of representative patterns to be transmitted is small, the amount of additional information is small. Furthermore, by deforming the representative pattern in various ways using random numbers, it is possible to generate a film grain component that is visually uncomfortable.
- the random number generation unit 234 may be configured to acquire, for example, the picture number and time information of the decoding target picture from the decoding unit 210 and use it as the initial value (seed) of the random function. .
- the random value generation pattern is the same since the initial value (seed) of the random function is the same for the same picture for each reproduction.
- the same superimposed pattern is generated for each reproduction, so that it is possible to prevent the superimposed pattern superimposed on the decoded image data from changing for each reproduction.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an encoding unit 140 and a film grain encoding unit 150 of the video encoding device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- control unit 141 of the encoding unit 140 the operation of the selection unit 151 of the film grain encoding unit 150, and the operation of the variable length encoding unit 152 are described. However, this is different from the first embodiment.
- the selection unit 1501 of the film grain encoding unit 150 is the same as that of the first embodiment. Similarly, the position information of the selected macro block is notified to the variable length coding unit 152 and the control unit 141 of the coding unit 140. The variable length coding unit 152 performs variable length coding on the position information of the selected macroblock.
- the control unit 141 sets the macroblock specified by the notified position information to a lower quantization parameter than other blocks of the current picture to be encoded (for example, sets the quantization parameter to 0), or
- the prediction residual encoding unit 112 is instructed to perform encoding again using the quantization parameter (for example, the minimum quantization parameter).
- the prediction residual encoding unit 112 performs an encoding process using the specified quantization parameter, and generates encoded data.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a decoding unit 250 of the video decoding device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 shows a first configuration of film grain generation unit 260.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing an example, and FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a second configuration example of the film grain generating section 260.
- the same parts as in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description is omitted.
- the prediction residual encoded data generated by prediction residual decoding section 212 of decoding section 250 is also input to film grain generation section 260.
- the film grain generation unit 260 includes a film grain pattern acquisition unit 261 instead of the variable length decoding unit 231 of the first embodiment.
- the film grain pattern acquisition section 26 1 decodes the position information transmitted from the moving picture coding device.
- the film grain pattern acquisition unit 26 1 generates a prediction residual code of the macroblock identified by the position information.
- the difference between the modified data and another macroblock referred to by the macroblock is calculated, and the calculated difference is output to the correction unit 232 as a representative pattern. That is, since the macroblock specified by the position information is encoded with high image quality, the difference from the other macroblock referred to by the macroblock is calculated to obtain the same as the representative pattern in the first embodiment. Component can be extracted.
- the film grain component has been described. However, in the present embodiment, a case will be described in which a high-definition component included in a fine image or the like having a high frequency component is used. Since the film grain component is a high-definition component, the same method can be applied to high-frequency components other than the film grain component.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a moving picture coding apparatus and a moving picture decoding apparatus using the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the video encoding device 300 encodes high-definition components separately from the main image. As shown in FIG. 22, the encoding unit 310 and the high-definition component encoding unit 3 30.
- the video decoding device 400 is a device for superimposing a high-definition component on a decoded image, and as shown in FIG. 22, a decoding unit 410 and a high-definition component decoding unit 42 0, and high-definition component superposition It has a unit 4300.
- Encoding section 310 and high-definition component encoding section 330 of video encoding apparatus 300 have the same configuration as in the first embodiment. The difference is that the superposition position at the time of superimposition on the representative pattern, which is the high-definition component to be output, in the selection section 1332 of the high-definition component encoding section 330 is selected. Specify information and gain information as additional information. This gain information specifies, for example, how many times the pixel value of the representative pattern is superimposed.
- the decoding unit 410 of the video decoding device 400 has the same configuration as the decoding unit 210 of the first embodiment. Also, the high-definition component decoding unit 420 and the high-definition component superimposing unit 430 of the video decoding device 400 correspond to the film grain generation unit 230 and the synthesis unit 240 of the first embodiment. The same operation as is performed. The difference is that the value obtained by multiplying the pixel value of the representative pattern by the pixel value of the representative image based on the gain information specified as described above for the decoded image data decoded by the decoding unit 210 is This is the point of superimposition at the superimposition position specified as described above.
- the position is specified and the representative pattern, which is a high-definition component, is superimposed only on a predetermined position, even if the input image is encoded with a low bit rate, the high-frequency component is The reproducibility can be improved by restoring the high-definition components contained in a fine image or the like having many parts.
- the position information for superimposing the representative pattern is transmitted from the video encoding device.
- the superimposition position is determined in the video decoding device.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a video decoding device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the video decoding device according to the present embodiment includes a superposition position determining unit 520 in addition to the configuration of the third embodiment.
- the superposition position determination unit 520 determines a superposition position where the representative pattern is superimposed on the decoded image data decoded by the decoding unit 210. For example, the superposition position determination unit 520 determines that there is a high-frequency component if at least one non-zero coefficient of the coefficient transformed by the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is included in a predetermined range of the macroblock. However, it is determined that a representative pattern is superimposed on the macroblock.
- the determination that there is a high-frequency component is not limited to this.For example, if n or more non-zero coefficients are included in a predetermined range of the macroblock, it is determined that there is a high-frequency component. It does not matter. Also, a macroblock in which the sum of absolute values of each coefficient is equal to or larger than a predetermined value may be determined to have a high-frequency component.
- the video decoding device specifies the superimposition position and superimposes the representative pattern, which is a high-definition component, only at the predetermined position, the input image is encoded at a low bit rate. Even if there is, it is possible to improve the reproducibility by restoring the high-definition components included in a fine image or the like having a portion with a high frequency component. Also, there is no need to transmit information on the superposition position from the video encoding device to the video decoding device.
- FIG. 24 shows a computer system using a flexible disk storing the moving picture coding method or the moving picture decoding method of the first embodiment. It is explanatory drawing in the case of implementing by.
- Fig. 24 (b) shows the external appearance, cross-sectional structure, and flexible disk as viewed from the front of the flexible disk
- Fig. 24 (a) shows an example of the physical format of the flexible disk that is the recording medium body.
- the flexible disk FD is housed in the case F.
- On the surface of the disk a plurality of tracks Tr are formed concentrically from the outer periphery toward the inner periphery. It is divided into sectors Se. Therefore, in the flexible disk storing the program, the moving picture encoding method as the program is recorded in an area allocated on the flexible disk FD.
- FIG. 24 (c) shows a configuration for recording and reproducing the program on the flexible disk FD.
- the moving picture coding method or the moving picture decoding method as the above program is written from the computer system Cs via a flexible disk drive.
- the program is read from a flexible disk by a flexible disk drive and transferred to the computer system.
- the description has been made using a flexible disk as a recording medium.
- the same description can be made using an optical disk.
- the recording medium is not limited to this, and any other recording medium, such as an IC card, a ROM cassette, or the like, which can record a program, can be used.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a content supply system exl100 for realizing a content distribution service. Provision of communication services The rear is divided into desired sizes, and base stations ex l07 to ex110, which are fixed radio stations, are installed in each cell.
- the content supply system ex100 for example, includes an internet ex101 and an internet service provider ex102 and a telephone network ex104, and a base station ex100. 7 ⁇ ex 110 via computer ex 1 1 1, PDA (persona I digital assistant) ex 1 1 2, camera ex 1 1 3, mobile phone ex 1 1 4, mobile phone with camera ex Devices such as 1 1 and 5 are connected.
- PDA persona I digital assistant
- each device may be directly connected to the telephone network ex104 without going through the base stations ex107 to ex110, which are fixed wireless stations.
- the camera ex 13 is a device that can shoot moving images such as digital video cameras.
- PDC Personal Digital Communications
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- W-CDMA Wideband-Code Diision Multiple Access
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
- PHS Personal Handyphone System
- the streaming server ex103 is connected from the camera ex113 via the base station ex109 and the telephone network ex104 and uses the camera ex113. Live distribution etc. based on the encoded data transmitted by the user becomes possible.
- the encoding process of the photographed data may be performed by the power camera ex113, or may be performed by a server or the like that performs the data transmission process.
- the moving image data shot by the camera ex116 may be transmitted to the streaming server ex103 via the computer ex111.
- Camera ex 1 1 6 is desi It is a device that can shoot still images and moving images such as talcamera. In this case, the encoding of the moving image data may be performed by the ex-116 or the computer ex-111.
- the encoding process is performed in the LSI ex 117 of the computer ex 11 or the camera ex 16.
- the video encoding and decoding software may be incorporated in any storage medium (CD-ROM, flexible disk, hard disk, etc.) that is a recording medium that can be read by a computer such as ex11. .
- moving image data may be transmitted by a camera-equipped mobile phone ex115. The moving image data at this time is data that has been encoded by the LSI included in the mobile phone ex15.
- the content (for example, a video of a live music) taken by the user with the camera ex13, the camera ex116, etc. is the same as in the above embodiment.
- the streaming server ex 103 sends the above-mentioned content data to the requested client while sending it to the streaming server ex 103.
- Clients include a computer ex11, a PDA ex112, a camera ex113, a mobile phone ex114, etc., capable of decoding the above encoded data. .
- the content supply system ex1000 can receive and reproduce the encoded data at the client, and further, receive and decode the encoded data at the client in real time. It is a system that enables personal broadcasting by playing back.
- each device constituting this system may be performed using the moving picture coding apparatus or the moving picture decoding apparatus described in each of the above embodiments.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating the mobile phone ex115 using the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method described in the above embodiments.
- the mobile phone ex 1 15 has an antenna ex 2 0 1 for transmitting and receiving radio waves to and from the base station ex 1 0 1, a camera unit ex 2 0 3 capable of capturing images and still images of a CCD camera and the like.
- the display unit ex202 such as a liquid crystal display, which displays the data obtained by decoding the video captured by the camera unit ex203, the video received by the antenna ex201, etc., and the operation keys eX204 group
- the main unit consists of: an audio output unit ex208, such as a speaker for voice output, an audio input unit ex205, such as a microphone for voice input, data of captured moving images or still images, Recording media for storing encoded or decoded data such as received mail data, video data or still image data, etc. ex 20
- the mobile phone ex115 has a slot part ex206 to allow the recording medium ex207 to be mounted.
- the recording media ex207 is a type of EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory), a non-volatile memory that can be electrically rewritten and erased in a plastic case such as an SD card. Is stored.
- EEPROM Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory
- the mobile phone exl 15 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the mobile phone ex 1 15 is provided with a power supply circuit for the main control unit ex 3 11 1 which is to control each part of the main unit equipped with the display unit ex 202 and the operation keys ex 204 as a whole.
- the recording / reproducing unit ex 307, the modulation / demodulation circuit unit ex 306, and the audio processing unit ex 305 are connected to each other via the synchronous bus ex 313.
- the power supply circuit ex 310 supplies power to each part from the battery pack when the call is ended and the power key is turned on by user operation. Activates the digital mobile phone with camera ex 1 15 in an operable state.
- the mobile phone exl 15 outputs the voice signal collected by the voice input unit ex 205 in the voice call mode based on the control of the main control unit ex 311 consisting of CPU, ROM, RAM, etc.
- the data is converted into digital audio data by the processing unit ex305, subjected to spread spectrum processing by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit ex306, and subjected to digital analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing by the transmission / reception circuit unit ex301.
- the data is transmitted via the antenna ex 201.
- the mobile phone ex115 also amplifies the received data received by the antenna ex201 in the voice call mode, performs frequency conversion processing and analog digital conversion processing, and performs spectrum analysis in the modulation / demodulation circuit section ex306. After performing a tram despreading process and converting it into analog audio data by an audio processing unit ex305, this is output via an audio output unit ex208.
- the text data of the e-mail input by operating the operation key eX204 on the main unit is transmitted via the operation input control unit ex304. And sent to the main control unit ex311.
- the main control unit ex3111 performs spread spectrum processing on the text data in the modulation and demodulation circuit unit ex306, and performs digital analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing in the transmission and reception circuit unit ex301. It transmits to the base station ex110 via the antenna ex210.
- the image data captured by the camera unit ex203 is supplied to the image encoding unit ex312 via the camera writer interface unit ex303.
- the image data captured by the camera unit ex203 is displayed on the display unit ex303 via the camera interface unit ex303 and the LCD control unit ex302. It is also possible to display directly on 202.
- the image encoding unit ex312 has a configuration provided with the moving image encoding device described in the present invention, and is a moving image in which the image data supplied from the camera unit ex203 is shown in the above embodiment.
- the image data is converted into encoded image data by performing compression encoding by the encoding method used in the encoding device, and is transmitted to the demultiplexing unit ex308.
- the mobile phone ex115 also converts the voice collected by the voice input unit ex205 while taking the image with the camera unit ex203 into digital voice data via the voice processing unit ex305. It is sent to the demultiplexing unit ex308.
- the demultiplexing unit ex308 multiplexes the encoded image data supplied from the image encoding unit ex312 and the audio data supplied from the audio processing unit ex305 in a predetermined manner, and obtains the resulting multiplex.
- the modulated data is subjected to spread spectrum processing in a modulation / demodulation circuit section ex306, subjected to digital analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing in a transmission / reception circuit section ex301, and then transmitted via an antenna ex201.
- the received data received from the base station exl 10 via the antenna ex 201 is scanned by the modem circuit ex 306.
- the multiplexed data obtained as a result of the despreading is transmitted to the demultiplexing unit ex308.
- the demultiplexing unit ex308 demultiplexes the multiplexed data to obtain the bit stream of the re-image data.
- the audio data is divided into the bit stream of the audio data, and the encoded image data is supplied to the image decoding unit ex309 via the synchronous bus ex313 and the audio data is supplied to the audio processing unit ex305.
- the image decoding unit ex309 sets the moving image decoding unit described in the present invention.
- the video stream is generated by decoding the bit stream of the image data by a decoding method corresponding to the encoding method described in the above embodiment. This is supplied to the display unit ex202 via the LCD control unit ex302, whereby, for example, moving image data included in a moving image file linked to a homepage is displayed.
- the audio processing unit ex305 converts the audio data into analog audio data, and then supplies the analog audio data to the audio output unit ex208, thereby generating, for example, a moving image file linked to a homepage. The included audio data is reproduced.
- a decoding device or a moving image decoding device can be incorporated.
- the bitstream of the video information is transmitted to the communication or broadcasting satellite ex410 via radio waves.
- the broadcasting satellite ex 410 receiving this transmits a radio wave for broadcasting, receives this radio wave with a home antenna ex 406 having a satellite broadcasting receiving facility, and receives a TV (receiver) ex 410 or
- a device such as a set top box (STB) ex407 is used to decrypt the JJ-bit stream and reproduce it.
- STB set top box
- the playback device ex 403 that reads and decodes the bit stream recorded on the storage medium ex 402 such as a CD or DVD as a recording medium and decodes the video stream described in the above embodiment is also used. It is possible to implement a conversion device. In this case, the reproduced video signal is displayed on the monitor ex404.
- a video decoding device is mounted in a set-top box ex 407 connected to a cable TV cable ex 405 or a satellite terrestrial broadcasting antenna ex 406, and this is used as a TV monitor. A configuration that plays back with ex408 is also conceivable. At this time, the video decoding device may be incorporated in the television instead of the set-top box.
- antenna ex 4 1 A signal is received from a satellite ex 410 or a base station ex 107 at a car ex 4 12 having a 1 and a display such as a power navigation ex 4 13 of a car ex 4 12 is provided. It is also possible to play moving pictures on the device.
- an image signal can be encoded by the moving image encoding device described in the above embodiment and recorded on a recording medium.
- a recorder eX420 such as a DVD recorder that records an image signal on a DVD disk eX421, and a disk recorder that records on a hard disk.
- it can be recorded on the SD card eX422. If the recorder ex420 has the moving picture decoding apparatus shown in the above embodiment, the video signal recorded on the DVD disc ex421 or the SD card ex422 is reproduced and the monitor ex420 is reproduced. 8 can be displayed.
- the configuration of the force navigation ex 413 is, for example, that of the configuration shown in FIG. 27, the camera unit ex 203, the camera interface unit ex 303, and the image encoding unit e X313. The same can be said for the computer ex11 and the TV (receiver) ex401.
- terminals such as the above-mentioned mobile phones exl 14 are three types of terminals, namely, a transmission / reception terminal having both an encoder and a decoder, a transmission terminal having only an encoder, and a reception terminal having only a decoder. Is possible.
- the moving picture coding method or the moving picture decoding method shown in the above embodiment can be used for any of the above-mentioned devices and systems. The effect can be obtained.
- Each functional block of each embodiment is typically realized as an LSI which is an integrated circuit. These may be individually integrated into one chip, May be integrated into one chip to include everything. (For example, functional blocks other than memory may be integrated into one chip.)
- the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI, but may be realized by a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor.
- L S I FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure connections and settings of circuit cells inside the L S I
- the functional blocks may be naturally integrated using the technology. Adaptation of biotechnology is possible.
- the means (picture memory) for storing image data to be encoded or decoded may be configured differently without being integrated into one chip.
- the moving picture encoding method and the moving picture decoding method according to the present invention can be implemented by, for example, using a mobile phone, a DVD device, a personal computer, or the like to encode each picture constituting the moving picture and obtain a code string. This is useful as a method for generating a code string or decoding a generated code string.
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Abstract
Description
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EP04772714A EP1662802A1 (en) | 2003-09-01 | 2004-08-27 | Moving picture encoding method and moving picture decoding method |
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JP5693089B2 (ja) | 2010-08-20 | 2015-04-01 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像処理装置、及び画像処理装置の制御方法 |
JP5595257B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-24 | 2014-09-24 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像処理装置及び画像処理装置の制御方法 |
CA2861967A1 (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-07-25 | Luca Rossato | Distinct encoding and decoding of stable information and transient/stochastic information |
US10674045B2 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2020-06-02 | Google Llc | Mutual noise estimation for videos |
US10839489B2 (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2020-11-17 | Netflix, Inc. | Techniques for synthesizing film grain |
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JPH1155649A (ja) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-02-26 | Canon Inc | 画像通信方法及び装置 |
JP2001045475A (ja) * | 1999-07-27 | 2001-02-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 映像信号階層化符号化装置と映像信号階層化復号化装置及びプログラム記録媒体 |
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2004
- 2004-08-26 JP JP2004247393A patent/JP2005080301A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-08-27 US US10/546,387 patent/US20060256853A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-08-27 WO PCT/JP2004/012765 patent/WO2005022921A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-08-27 EP EP04772714A patent/EP1662802A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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JPH1155649A (ja) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-02-26 | Canon Inc | 画像通信方法及び装置 |
JP2001045475A (ja) * | 1999-07-27 | 2001-02-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 映像信号階層化符号化装置と映像信号階層化復号化装置及びプログラム記録媒体 |
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JP2005080301A (ja) | 2005-03-24 |
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