WO2005021674A1 - Preparation destinee a reduire la poussiere et empecher l'erosion - Google Patents

Preparation destinee a reduire la poussiere et empecher l'erosion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005021674A1
WO2005021674A1 PCT/US2004/005226 US2004005226W WO2005021674A1 WO 2005021674 A1 WO2005021674 A1 WO 2005021674A1 US 2004005226 W US2004005226 W US 2004005226W WO 2005021674 A1 WO2005021674 A1 WO 2005021674A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sugar
composition
matter
combinations
solution
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/005226
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James H. Wynne
Barry J. Spargo
Christopher T. Lloyd
Warren W. Schultz
Original Assignee
The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Naval Research Laboratory
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Naval Research Laboratory filed Critical The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Naval Research Laboratory
Publication of WO2005021674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005021674A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to dust abatement and, more specifically, to a crust-forming aqueous solution that aids in the abatement of dust and sand and in the prevention of wind erosion.
  • PAM is a water-soluble, high molecular weight, synthetic organic polymer that interacts with the clay found in some soils. The interaction depends upon the properties of the polymer as well as the characteristics of the soil. It is effective in stabilizing soil aggregates, reducing soil erosion, increasing water infiltration, and also has an indirect positive impact upon crop growth and yield. In general, PAM degradation occurs through physical breakdown.
  • PAM itself has been shown to be non-toxic to animals, fish and plants; however, the toxicity of its residual monomer (acrylamide) is a known neurotoxin to humans.
  • the major source of acrylamide that is released into the environment is from the use of polyacrylamide products.
  • PAM has been shown to be very effective in controlling water erosion from furrow irrigation. Laboratory and field wind tunnel tests using several formulations and rates of PAM were reported to determine its possible use for forming wind erosion-resistant surfaces (crusts). These tests showed that PAM was no more effective than natural rainfall for wind erosion control within general agricultural conditions. See D. V. Armburst, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 1999, 54, 557-559. Research has also been performed to optimize the binding ability of PAM to various types of clay minerals. It was determined that the efficacy of cationic and anionic PAM increased effectiveness of dispersed clays; however, the non-neutral pH materials pose additional environmental and health concerns. See D. A. Laird, Soil Science 1997, 162, 826-832.
  • Patent 5,328,497 to Hazlett and to reduce dust formation from detergent tablets (see, e.g., U.S. Patent 6,376,454 to Eggersmann et al).
  • a polysaccharide comprising of at least nine monosaccharide units suspended in an oil base with thickeners and emulsifiers has been used for dust suppression (see, e.g., U.S. Patent 5,595,782 to Cole).
  • Other products such as emulsions of polyvinyl acetate and esters of polyvinyl alcohols have been reported to effectively promote surface consolidation of soil and cements. See J.M. Geist, S.V. Amagna, B.B.
  • compositions consisting of primarily lignin sulfonate have been demonstrated to stabilize soil formations from the effects of water (see, e.g., U.S. Patent 4,394,213 to Ferm).
  • U.S. Patent 4,394,213 to Ferm With the aforementioned documented problems and limited scope, there is clearly a need for an aqueous formulation that is environmentally friendly and can be easily applied in a single step for the purpose of dust abatement and prevention of wind erosion.
  • a safe, biodegradable, environmentally-benign, non-toxic, water-soluble solution can be applied to dust and sand to bind the particles forming a hardened crust top layer.
  • the solution consists of a mixture of water, sugar, starch, sodium phosphate, and soap/surfactant. Once applied, the wetted layer dries to form a wind erosion-resistant surface (crust). Upon formation of the hardened crust and times prior thereto, binding occurs insomuch as to be effective immediately upon application. Heat and windy conditions promote the effectiveness of this product.
  • a composition of matter suitable for dust abatement and prevention of erosion comprises between about 1 and 70% (w/w) sugar, between about 0 and 70% (w/w) of a polysaccharide, between about 0 and 30% (w/w) phosphate, between about 0 and 30% (w/w) of a surfactant, and between about 20 and 99% (w/w) water, wherein when the said solution is applied to sand or dust particles, the solution binds to the sand or dust particles and forms a hardened crust.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for abating dust and preventing erosion, comprising the steps of (a) preparing a solution comprising between about 1 and 70% (w/w) sugar, between about 0 and 70% (w/w) of a polysaccharide, between about 0 and 30% (w/w) phosphate, between about 0 and 30% (w/w) of a surfactant, and between about 20 and 99% (w/w) water; (b) applying the solution to sand or dust particles wherein the solution binds to the particles; and (c) allowing the sand or dust particles to dry thereby forming a hardened crust.
  • the present invention has several advantages over existing technology and current techniques, including the following: it is environmentally friendly; it is a simple, one-step application; it is non-toxic, non-flammable, and biodegradable; it is cost effective; it requires less water than other dust palliatives; it has increased binding strength over PAM and other products; it is easy to prepare and apply; desert conditions increase its effectiveness; it is immediately effective upon application; it is effective on a variety of particle sizes ranging from less than 1 ⁇ m to greater than 500 ⁇ m; it is effective on a variety of types of dusts and sands, including silicas, clays and carbonates; it has increased shelf-life; it will not harden nor degrade in solution form upon storage; and it withstands generated wind shear up to 50 psf.
  • an optimum highly effective solution consists of a mixture of 24% (w/w) sugar (sucrose), 15% (w/w) starch, 0.1% (w/w) sodium phosphate, 0.03% (w/w) soap/surfactant (e.g. Dawn ® ), and 61% (w/w) water.
  • the sugar and the water are the primary active ingredients within the solution.
  • concentrations of these components within the mixture may be varied while maintaining effectiveness of the solution, within the ranges listed below.
  • a small amount ( ⁇ 1%) of a biocide, fungicide, or combination of biocide and fungicide may be added to enhance storage stability.
  • the application of the described solution is effective at temperature ranges from 0 to 150°F.
  • the solution may consist of 20 to 99% (w/w) water.
  • the sugar content in the solution may range from 1 to 70% (w/w).
  • the sugar can be in a solid form or a liquid form (e.g., syrup or com syrup).
  • Any form of a monosaccharide e.g. glucose, fructose
  • disaccharide e.g. maltose
  • the percent starch in the solution may range from 0 to 70% (w/w).
  • Any form of a polysaccharide may be substituted for the starch without decrease in the effectiveness of the solution.
  • the concentration of soap may be varied from 0 to 30% in the solution (functioning as a surfactant). Similar surfactants including, but not limited to, any quaternary ammonium salt or mixture there of, may be substituted for the soap.
  • the sodium phosphate concentration may be varied from 0 to 30% in the solution mixture. This additive may function as a mordant and may be substituted for other similar compounds, such as automatic detergent, laboratory glassware detergent, carbonates, phosphates or other sulfates. Studies involving varying the concentrations of each of the components within the solution were performed to examine effectiveness.
  • Solutions were applied to sand of various compositions and particle sizes. Particle sizes ranged from ⁇ l ⁇ m to >500 ⁇ m.
  • Sand compositions consisted of carbonate, silica, clay, mixes and others.
  • Application was made using hand held bottle sprayers, garden sprayers, hydro-seeders, an agricultural sprayer, commercial and military automated pump sprayers, fire trucks, and combinations thereof.
  • the sand was allowed to dry in ambient conditions with times ranging from 1 second to 48 hours. Hardening of surface was increased with prolonged drying times, increased temperature, decreased humidity, or combinations thereof. For purposes of reducing occurrences involving helicopter hard decking due to brownouts, tests were performed in ambient outdoor conditions using a high- velocity wind- generating fan.
  • Three feet by three feet areas of sand were prepared and the described solution was applied. Various surfaces were examined to include groomed and rough terrain and hills. Upon complete drying and hardening, top crusts were formed with varying thickness depending upon volume of solution applied. The solution may be applied in volumes ranging from 1 mL to 20 liters per square foot.
  • the wind generator was placed directly over the sand. The generated wind speed was varied from speeds of 5,000 rpm to 15,000 rpm. Heavy-lift military helicopters are known to produce downwind forces equivalent to 7,500 rpm upon landing and take-off.
  • CDEAB CDEAB solution
  • the formulated solution was placed in a 32-ounce spray bottle and applied to a variety of sands with varying particle sizes. The sand was allowed to dry in ambient conditions with times , ranging from 1 seconds to 48 hours. Hardening was increased with prolonged periods of drying and/or addition of heat. Surface hardness tests were performed during the drying process by applying weight in excess of 10 pounds to four-inch by four-inch areas of the top crust layer of the treated sand. As a result, the crust withstood the force applied, 90 psf, with no visible signs of disturbance to the treated layer. Tests were performed outdoors using a high-velocity wind generator.
  • Conditions for these tests ranged from 65 to 80 °F with 10 to 20% relative humidity.
  • Three feet by three feet (9 ft ) areas of sand with various particle sizes were treated with 50 mL of the formulated solution using a 2-gallon garden sprayer.
  • the wind generator was placed directly over the sand/dust and speed ramped from a velocity of 5,000 rpm, generating 10 psf, to 15,000 rpm, generating 50 psf.
  • heavy-lift military helicopters are known to produce downward wind forces of approximately 17 psf, ( ⁇ 7,500 rpm) during take-off and landing. This confirms that the formulated solution is very effective in such applications as preparing landing zones for heavy- lift military helicopters. Reapplication to broken surfaces also proved successful.
  • Example 1 On one area, a dilute formulation was applied. The dilute formulation consisted of 1,200 pounds granulated sugar, 250 milliliter dishwashing liquid, 1 pound phosphate salt, 150 pound starch and 1200 gallons of water.
  • Example 2 In the second area, the formulation consisted of a more concentrated formulation. The more concentrated formulation consisted of 1,200 pounds granulated sugar, 250 milliliters dishwashing liquid, 1 pound phosphate salt, 150 pound starch and 400 gallons of water. In both examples, the results were excellent. Within minutes of application and evaporation of the water, a solid hardened crust formed. The following day, helicopters landed on both of the test sites multiple times with almost complete reduction of airborne sand and dust.
  • Example 3 The solution consisted of 130 gallons of corn syrup, 4 pounds phosphate salt,
  • Example 4 The solution consisted of 130 gallons of corn syrup, 4 pounds phosphate salt,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une solution soluble dans l'eau, sûre, biodégradable, écologiquement inoffensive, non toxique, constituée d'eau, de sucre, d'amidon, de phosphate de sodium et de tensioactif, qui peut être appliquée sur des particules de poussière et de sable pour se lier aux particules et former une croûte durcie. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé associé de réduction de la poussière et de prévention de l'érosion.
PCT/US2004/005226 2003-05-16 2004-03-08 Preparation destinee a reduire la poussiere et empecher l'erosion WO2005021674A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US77870703A 2003-05-16 2003-05-16
US10/778,707 2003-05-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005021674A1 true WO2005021674A1 (fr) 2005-03-10

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101899283A (zh) * 2009-05-26 2010-12-01 世纪汉元(北京)科技有限公司 一种用于煤粉运输和装卸的抑尘剂的制造方法
WO2022232287A1 (fr) * 2021-04-27 2022-11-03 Gmco Corporation Procédés et compositions pour lutter contre la poussière et l'érosion du sol

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2933411A (en) * 1953-06-18 1960-04-19 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of dry cleaning and rendering fabrics water repellent
US5595782A (en) * 1993-10-12 1997-01-21 Cole; Robert Oil-based dust suppression suspension, emulsion for dust suppression, and method for suppressing dust

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2933411A (en) * 1953-06-18 1960-04-19 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of dry cleaning and rendering fabrics water repellent
US5595782A (en) * 1993-10-12 1997-01-21 Cole; Robert Oil-based dust suppression suspension, emulsion for dust suppression, and method for suppressing dust

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101899283A (zh) * 2009-05-26 2010-12-01 世纪汉元(北京)科技有限公司 一种用于煤粉运输和装卸的抑尘剂的制造方法
WO2022232287A1 (fr) * 2021-04-27 2022-11-03 Gmco Corporation Procédés et compositions pour lutter contre la poussière et l'érosion du sol

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