WO2005018841A2 - Thermolyse de dechets organiques en four a billes - Google Patents
Thermolyse de dechets organiques en four a billes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005018841A2 WO2005018841A2 PCT/FR2004/002032 FR2004002032W WO2005018841A2 WO 2005018841 A2 WO2005018841 A2 WO 2005018841A2 FR 2004002032 W FR2004002032 W FR 2004002032W WO 2005018841 A2 WO2005018841 A2 WO 2005018841A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- oven
- thermolysis
- heating
- balls
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/508—Providing additional energy for combustion, e.g. by using supplementary heating
- F23G2900/50801—Providing additional energy for combustion, e.g. by using supplementary heating using the heat from externally heated bodies, e.g. steel balls
Definitions
- thermolysis is an alternative to incineration, ' over which it has many advantages (no emission of dioxins, no production of ash contaminated with organic compounds, great flexibility Operating) .
- a good presentation of the question appears in the ⁇ Report on new technologies. Of recovery of household waste and ordinary industrial waste ', Parliamentary Office for the evaluation of scientific and technological choices, France, National Assembly n ° 1693 / Senate, n ° 415, G. Miquel and S. Poignant (Ile proximity: modes de treatment, III: thermolysis), as well as in G. Poulleau, Household waste ', edition Air Eau California, 2001.
- Thermolysis consists of a chemical decomposition by heating in the absence of air of organic matter, whatever its form, liquid, pasty or solid. It is carried out, continuously or discontinuously, by bringing the organic matter to a temperature of 400 to 700 ° C., or even up to 1100 ° C. when it is a question of treating hazardous waste, away from air, in a fixed enclosure or rotating.
- risky waste has the meaning given to it by the legislator, parts of cattle including parts likely to contain prions, agents of spreading BSE).
- the manufacture of charcoal, about which we speak rather of pyrolysis, is thermolysis. Pyrolysis has long been applied to the recovery of household waste (DE 29040324, Berghoff).
- thermolysis transforms organic substances into variously recoverable products: - gases, burnt on the production site, for example as a heat source for thermolysis itself; condensates which 'the oil fraction can be exported as a fuel; - solid residues comprising on the one hand a coke, which can be exported as fuel after reprocessing, and a mineral fraction which, depending on the nature and characteristics of the organic matter treated, can be recovered or eliminated in accordance with the legislation in force.
- Heating of the mass to be thermolyzed is obtained by various means, inter alia by the direct action of a radiant flame inside the enclosure, by circulation of fumes or combustion gases through the mass of waste to thermolyze, by contact with internal tubes, by external heating of the enclosure.
- thermolysis installations for example FR 2654112 (CGS), FR 2725643 (Traidec).
- CGS CGT
- FR 2725643 Traidec
- Direct heating of the material with a combustion gas at high temperature is a technique which has major drawbacks.
- the combustion gases generally produced with the thermolysis gas contain a lot of oxygen. Indeed, producing a flame in a enclosure where one wishes to thermolyze waste requires that the quantity of air in the flame be increased, in order precisely to preserve this flame and its temperature which drops inexorably in a reducing medium. Under these conditions it is common to observe excess air from 100 to 200%, whereby the excess air and in particular the oxygen of this air will combine with chlorinated molecules (for example) and produce dioxins but also all kinds of combinations which denature the products of thermolysis.
- the present invention overcomes these drawbacks with a process for thermolysis of organic waste which consists in providing the heat necessary for the thermal treatment of this waste by previously overheated steel balls.
- the term 'organic waste' means different solids, semirismaux, paste containing a certain proportion of organic matter.
- putrescible fraction of household waste sludge from industrial and urban treatment plants, agricultural waste, refusal of composting, organic matter from the food industry (fats, slaughterhouse waste including hazardous waste, animal meal, etc.), non-recoverable organic matter from industry, shredded non-retreadable used tires, hospital waste, generally all waste containing organic matter which, if respected legislation, can no longer be the subject of burial in the state or cremation.
- thermolysis means heat treatment away from air resulting in the physical and chemical transformation of the material subjected to this treatment with release of volatile condensable or noncondensable products and formation of a solid carbonaceous residue. (coke). This is indeed true thermolysis, for the course of which the total absence of air is a condition of its operation. What distinguishes the process from waste treatment by combustion or partial thermolysis.
- the invention consists of a process for the thermal treatment, in an oxygen-free atmosphere, of organic waste in which the waste is heated in a stationary or rotary furnace, characterized in that the means for heating said waste is consisting of steel balls overheated beforehand and which pass in the furnace at the same time as the said waste with which they are intimately mixed.
- It also consists of an installation for the thermal treatment of organic waste comprising at least one fixed or rotary furnace in which the waste travels during its treatment, means for supplying the furnace with waste, means for recovering the treated waste, means for recovering the volatile products resulting from this treatment, as well as means for heating the mass of waste, characterized in that the means for heating the mass of waste consists of a mass of steel balls previously overheated, which pass through the furnace with the waste to be treated, as well as devices for supplying the furnace with superheated beads, their recovery at the outlet of the processing furnace, for the circulation of these beads, as well as an oven for heating marbles.
- thermolysis group The general structure of a thermolysis group according to the invention is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, with: (1) thermolysis oven; (2) High temperature heated ball inlet duct; (3) Waste intake duct to be thermolyzed; (4) Barrel or airlock of exit of the balls having given up their thermal energy; (5) Worm; (6) Vibrating grid to separate the balls from the thermolysis residues; (7) outlet pipe for the mixture of thermolysis residue beads; (8) Recirculation pipe for steel balls; (9) Steel balls; (10) Oven for heating steel balls; (11) Barrel or airlock for introducing steel balls; (12) Barrel or airlock for introducing the material to be treated; (13) Extraction fan or vacuum pump for the suction of thermolysis gases and the maintenance of a low vacuum in the oven; (14) Collector (thermolysis gas for energy recovery; fumes for condensation and extraction of the incondensables to be burned); (15) Hopper for recovery of thermolysis residues; (16) Thermolysis residue transfer screw; (17) Airlock or barrel for
- FIG. 2 represents a specific thermolysis unit; we will read the following elements which supplement those of general figure 1: (31) Storage hopper for thermolysis residues; (32) Wash tank for thermolysis residues; (33) Solid residue evacuation pipe; (34) Coke drip mat; (35) Coke drainage storage and recovery basin; (36) Storage tank for all liquid effluents, condensates, coke drips, soiled water from the washing tank and separation of thermolysis residues; (37) Towards the use of thermolysis gases.
- FIG. 3 is the diagram of an installation capable of accommodating waste of variable and more or less significant humidity and which comprises, in series, drying oven and a thermolysis unit.
- thermolysis oven a buffer hopper for the storage of dried waste
- 38) of an elevator between the hopper (24) and the intake duct (3) of the thermolysis oven we will find the elements indexed in the previous figures around (S) the drying oven; (T) the thermolysis oven; (24) a buffer hopper for the storage of dried waste; (38) of an elevator between the hopper (24) and the intake duct (3) of the thermolysis oven.
- the heating mass of the process consists of a significant amount of steel balls, usually balls with a diameter of 20 to 50 millimeters. It may be necessary to use larger diameters to treat particular loads, for example, 60 millimeters to thermolyze shredded tires or long fiber waste.
- the choice of steel balls provides a solution to certain technical requirements, in particular rapid transfer of heat at high temperature levels, optimization of the exchange surfaces in the reduced space that constitutes the thermolysis furnace, mechanical disintegration of the organic matter as soon as it enters the oven and coke at the end of the journey.
- the load of the mass of the balls and their diameter are determined as a function of the powers to be used, of the free volume within the heating mass; other criteria are involved such as their handling or their handling during recirculation and in particular the transit in the barrels, and the concern to avoid deformations in the thermolysis enclosure during their fall at the entry of the device.
- Their apparent density, important compared to the material to be treated, is of the order of 4000 kg / m 3 to 4500 kg / m 3 .
- the developed surface of the heating mass is very large with regard to its volume and guarantees, during its mixing with the material to be treated, a uniformly distributed distribution of the heat in the mass of the waste.
- the furnace where the thermal treatment of waste takes place is a horizontal or slightly inclined furnace.
- the furnace where the thermal treatment of the waste takes place is preferably a stationary furnace, in which the mass of balls + waste advance thanks to an endless screw (5) equipped with stirring devices (profiled bars for example).
- the oven is rather a traditional oven equipped for the entry of balls and waste, with a device for pre-mixing the balls and waste.
- a backup heater (19) is provided, if only to ensure the preheating of the oven at the start of the installation; it occasionally fulfills various functions: maintaining the outlet temperature of the steel balls, booster for changing the speed (material flow, raising the temperature, thermolysis, drying, etc.) All barrels and airlocks for introducing or leaving the materials are waterproof. air by construction. In in practice, they are fitted with pressure balancing units neutralizing the interior volume of the barrel and the supply of waste or the output of solid thermolysis products is carried out by a cascade of hoppers with automatic filling.
- thermolysis furnace (1) All the rotating parts, bearings of the rotary kiln, axis of the Archimedes screw and screw for lifting and transferring the balls and solids are also made impermeable to air, for example, by being fitted with motors and bearings in waterproof cages.
- the process works as described below (refer to Figures 1 and 2).
- the waste enters the thermolysis furnace (1) through the intake duct (3) and the barrel (12) and they meet there the steel balls which have been admitted at the head by the duct (2) and the barrel (11) coming from a heating oven (10) where they have been brought to a high temperature of the order of 600 to 1100 ° C.
- Thermolysis occurs during the mixing of waste and balls during the progression of materials in the oven (7).
- thermolysis residues are extracted through the grid (6), collected in a recovery hopper (15) and evacuated to the outside by an extraction system (16) and airlock and conduit (17) and (18) .
- the balls are taken up via the barrel (4), reassembled by the elevator (22) and returned via the conduit (8) to the oven (10) from where they resume their cycle.
- the thermolysis gases are captured by a collector (14), separated from their condensable components (21) and extracted at (13) to be burned or to supply gas turbines on site.
- the installation (FIG. 2) is supplemented with the elements which have been listed with FIG.
- (32) is the equipment for the compulsory treatment of thermolysis residues, a flooding which makes it possible to separate by draining (34) a floating fuel, coke, by decantation (33) solid residues, including metals which can be separated for example by sorting magnetic or eddy current, and the flooding and draining water (35) to be directed to a storage (36) in order to undergo a depollution treatment.
- the sludge settled in (33) will be treated and conditioned before being evacuated to a specialized landfill center or to a possible recovery if the final product is acceptable.
- thermolysis gases are used on site (37)
- the temperature of the waste in contact with the steel balls is brutal, which favors the production of gas to the detriment of coke.
- the gases released at high temperature then remain in contact with the heating mass long enough for the fats and other heavy molecules that generate certain types of waste, to undergo cracking: a thermolysis gas is produced with an optimized calorific value, fouling of the installation is reduced.
- the heating of the steel balls is carried out in an oven (10), which may be gas, electrically heated, induction. In the case of a gas oven, it is advantageous to use the thermolysis gas taken from production for a percentage varying between 10 and 15%, which leaves 85% to 90% of gas for external energy recovery.
- the simplest embodiment is that of an open flame oven, the atmosphere of which is isolated from that of the rest of the installation by sealed barrels, as described above, to oppose the introduction of the excess flame air in the thermolysis oven.
- Induction heating of the balls is a variant particularly elegant, possible due to the metallic nature of this vector.
- the process being simple and secure in its implementation and its operation in continuous or semi-continuous mode, very small-sized installations can be set up on the actual waste production sites; they allow the producer of waste himself to destroy it and recover it for his own needs, the excess energy in the form of hot water, steam or electricity.
- this hopper can be used in a cracking reactor for thermolysis gases, for example in the case where the waste is a liquefied fat.
- thermolysis gases for example in the case where the waste is a liquefied fat.
- the vaporization of the water becomes a limiting factor for carrying out the thermolysis and it is better to provide for prior dehydration of this waste.
- the invention easily lends itself to such dehydration within the installation itself, at least if the initial dryness (dry matter content) is greater than 35%. (Below 35%, thermolysis would require an external supply of calories and it is more reasonable to apply to these more water-rich materials an external mechanical treatment much less energy-consuming). This is shown schematically in Figure 3.
- the installation then comprises two ovens of the same type in series, the thermolysis oven (T) and the drying oven (S). It is the same heating mass of steel balls which passes through these two ovens and which successively operates the thermolysis of the dried waste and the dehydration of the wet waste.
- Wet waste enters the drying oven (S) from where it passes directly into the thermolysis oven (T).
- the high temperature heating mass first enters the oven (T) where it thermolyses its contents; at the exit from the thermolysis oven, its temperature is still high enough to ensure partial drying of the waste in the oven (S).
- An elevator (38) takes up the dried waste from the hopper (24) and brings it to the airlock (12) for introducing the waste into the thermolysis oven.
- a device for collecting the gases and drying fumes is provided on the oven (S) which directs them to the burner of the thermolysis gases.
- the installation according to the invention can obviously be used as a simple material drying installation. Such drying, although unconventional, however has various advantages, namely that performed in the absence of air, it does not form any dangerous oxidation product; and that being a direct contact between the material to be dried and the heating mass, the necessary energy is transmitted to the very heart of the material causing a rapid and homogeneous rise in its temperature and avoids its agglomeration.
- thermolysis group and a drying group are minimal and are due to the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heating mass, - in thermolysis, 600 to 1100 ° C at the inlet, 500 to 850 ° C at the outlet for gases and residues, - during drying, 500 to 600 ° C at the inlet, 120 to 140 ° C at the outlet of dry waste, which lead, for example, to the development of the whole condensation (21) in condensation of the mist in order to extract the noncondensables to be burned in a boiler, or of the extraction fan (13) for the suction of drying mist.
- the thermal shock at the inlet being sufficient, in the case of hazardous waste, to prevent any risk of entrainment of prions in the vapors.
- Other uses of the installation with steel ball furnace are conceivable (sterilization, cooking, etc.) which do not depart from the scope of the invention.
- the following nonlimiting examples illustrate the invention.
- Example 1 A continuous thermolysis installation treating annually 800 tonnes (approximately 100 kg per hour) of waste having undergone prior drying in order to reduce their water content to 5%, and titrating (average composition) 70% of materials organic, is arranged around a tubular reactor 0.7 m in diameter and 7.2 m in total length.
- the energy requirements for carrying out thermolysis, determined by prior tests, are (excluding thermal losses) 50 kWh per 100 kg of waste.
- the average thermolysis temperature is fixed at 600C.
- the heating mass consists of steel balls 20 mm in diameter, the mass of which is estimated as follows.
- the heating mass yielding its heat from 700 to 500 ° C is 50,000 / (0.174 X 200) ⁇ 1,437 kg, i.e. 44,000 20 mm diameter beads (32.65 g per bead).
- the installation produces gas at a rate of approximately 70 kg per hour, recoverable for approximately 600 kWh, and 25 kg of solid residues.
- Example 2 The same installation allows the treatment of butchery waste. It guarantees thermolysis throughout the mass at a temperature of 700 ° C, which can be brought to
- the waste treatment method according to the invention is a particular application of a more general heat treatment principle, that of a method for subjecting a divided material, solid or pasty, to a heat treatment (heating or cooling) with a view to to modify its physical state or its chemical composition, characterized in that the material to be treated and a mass of steel balls previously brought to a temperature such as at the outlet of the chamber, the treated material and the mass balls are at the 'selected temperature as a temperature of heat treatment.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/659,123 US20090218209A1 (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2004-07-29 | Thermolysis of organic waste in a ball furnace |
EP04767811A EP1660248A2 (fr) | 2003-08-04 | 2004-07-29 | Thermolyse de dechets organiques en four a billes |
AU2004266869A AU2004266869B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2004-07-29 | Thermolysis of organic waste in a ball furnace |
CN2004800290263A CN1863606B (zh) | 2003-08-04 | 2004-07-29 | 在球式炉中的有机废料的热解 |
CA2576071A CA2576071C (fr) | 2003-08-04 | 2004-07-29 | Thermolyse de dechets organiques en four a billes |
BRPI0413322-6A BRPI0413322A (pt) | 2003-08-04 | 2004-07-29 | processo para o tratamento térmico de dejetos orgánicos |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0309592A FR2858570B1 (fr) | 2003-08-04 | 2003-08-04 | Procede pour la thermolyse et/ou le sechage de dechets organiques utilisant un four a billes |
FR0309592 | 2003-08-04 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005018841A2 true WO2005018841A2 (fr) | 2005-03-03 |
WO2005018841A3 WO2005018841A3 (fr) | 2005-05-06 |
WO2005018841B1 WO2005018841B1 (fr) | 2005-07-07 |
Family
ID=34072999
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/FR2004/002032 WO2005018841A2 (fr) | 2003-08-04 | 2004-07-29 | Thermolyse de dechets organiques en four a billes |
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US (1) | US20090218209A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1660248A2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1863606B (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2004266869B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0413322A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2576071C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2858570B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2381081C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005018841A2 (fr) |
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WO2012085422A1 (fr) | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-28 | Finaxo Environnement | Module de chauffage, systeme de chauffage comprenant plusieurs modules de chauffage et installation comprenant un tel systeme de chauffage |
US8308912B2 (en) | 2009-05-25 | 2012-11-13 | Francois Hustache | Method for pyrogasification of organic waste |
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- 2004-07-29 RU RU2007106710/03A patent/RU2381081C2/ru active
- 2004-07-29 AU AU2004266869A patent/AU2004266869B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-29 EP EP04767811A patent/EP1660248A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-29 US US11/659,123 patent/US20090218209A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-29 CN CN2004800290263A patent/CN1863606B/zh active Active
- 2004-07-29 WO PCT/FR2004/002032 patent/WO2005018841A2/fr active Application Filing
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8308912B2 (en) | 2009-05-25 | 2012-11-13 | Francois Hustache | Method for pyrogasification of organic waste |
FR2969170A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-22 | Finaxo Environnement | Sas d'entree ou de sortie, et installation de production de gaz de pyrolyse utilisant un tel sas. |
WO2012085422A1 (fr) | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-28 | Finaxo Environnement | Module de chauffage, systeme de chauffage comprenant plusieurs modules de chauffage et installation comprenant un tel systeme de chauffage |
WO2012085880A2 (fr) | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Sea Marconi Technologies Di Vander Tumiatti S.A.S. | Installation modulaire permettant de réaliser des procédés de conversion de matrices carbonées |
WO2016174247A1 (fr) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | Tanfoglio Domenico | Four de pyrolyse |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1863606A (zh) | 2006-11-15 |
RU2381081C2 (ru) | 2010-02-10 |
RU2007106710A (ru) | 2008-08-27 |
AU2004266869B2 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
WO2005018841A3 (fr) | 2005-05-06 |
FR2858570B1 (fr) | 2006-11-17 |
FR2858570A1 (fr) | 2005-02-11 |
AU2004266869A2 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
AU2004266869A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
BRPI0413322A (pt) | 2006-10-10 |
EP1660248A2 (fr) | 2006-05-31 |
US20090218209A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
CA2576071A1 (fr) | 2005-03-03 |
CN1863606B (zh) | 2010-11-03 |
WO2005018841B1 (fr) | 2005-07-07 |
CA2576071C (fr) | 2013-06-11 |
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