WO2011014094A1 - Procédé et dispositif de recyclage de déchets humides contenant des matériaux organiques - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de recyclage de déchets humides contenant des matériaux organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011014094A1
WO2011014094A1 PCT/RU2009/000560 RU2009000560W WO2011014094A1 WO 2011014094 A1 WO2011014094 A1 WO 2011014094A1 RU 2009000560 W RU2009000560 W RU 2009000560W WO 2011014094 A1 WO2011014094 A1 WO 2011014094A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
retort
waste
combustion chamber
combustion
chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2009/000560
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Александр Яковлевич ШВАРЦМАН
Виктор Анатольевич МАЛКОВ
Емельян Иванович БАРБУС
Игорь Игоревич СМИРНОВ
Андрей Васильевич САМЧУК
Михаил Ремович ПАХОЛКОВ
Сергей Васильевич БЕШЕНЦЕВ
Original Assignee
Shwarzman Alexander Jakovlevich
Malkov Viktor Anatol Evich
Barbus Emel Jan Ivanovich
Smirnov Igor Igorevich
Samchuk Andrej Vasil Evich
Paholkov Mihail Removich
Beshencev Sergej Vasil Evich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2009129077/03A external-priority patent/RU2009129077A/ru
Application filed by Shwarzman Alexander Jakovlevich, Malkov Viktor Anatol Evich, Barbus Emel Jan Ivanovich, Smirnov Igor Igorevich, Samchuk Andrej Vasil Evich, Paholkov Mihail Removich, Beshencev Sergej Vasil Evich filed Critical Shwarzman Alexander Jakovlevich
Publication of WO2011014094A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011014094A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods for the disposal of organic waste with high humidity and a high concentration of harmful substances that are hazardous to the environment, by the method of thermochemical processing, in particular, chicken droppings, excrement of other domestic animals, lignin, wood waste, silt sediment, etc.
  • thermochemical processing of organic waste Three comparable methods of thermochemical processing of organic waste are known: direct burning, gasification, and pyrolysis. At the same time, each method has its own sector, determined by technological features.
  • a known method of disposing of waste containing organic materials according to the patent of the Russian Federation N ° 2338122. The method and device described in this patent, as the closest to the proposed solution by its essential feature, are taken as a prototype.
  • a known solution includes loading waste into a thermal decomposition chamber (KTP), heating and decomposing organic matter in KTP to form gaseous and solid products, burning them, catalytic decontamination, cooling in a heat exchanger and dust cleaning of flue gases. The waste is loaded into the thermal decomposition chamber through a sluice device constantly flushed with inert gas.
  • the waste is subjected to oxygen-free thermal decomposition at a temperature of 550-700 ° C in a metal chamber heated externally by flue gases from burning external fuel in a burner located in the immediate vicinity of it, flue gases from a cyclone furnace obtained from burning therein at a temperature of 1200-1300 ° C gaseous pyrolysis products, and flue gases from combustion on the grate of solid pyrolysis products.
  • the heat transfer in the internal volume of the thermal decomposition chamber is intensified by constant mixing of the waste and the creation of artificial circulation of the gas phase by supplying inert gas heated to 600-700 ° C to its lower part, the preparation of which is carried out due to the thermal potential of the flue gases.
  • Gaseous products from the thermal decomposition chamber are introduced into the cyclone furnace by injection.
  • injection medium pressurized air is used, preheated to 350-400 ° C with flue gases, the sludge trapped in the scrubber is sent for re-pyrolysis to the thermal decomposition chamber, and the entire process is carried out under vacuum.
  • EFFECT waste utilization with ensuring conditions for safe operation of equipment and environmental emissions acceptable under environmental conditions.
  • the objective of the invention is the development of such a method and device for the disposal of organic waste, which would ensure high environmental safety of the proposed process, the possibility of disposal a wide range of waste, would have low energy intensity, high efficiency and productivity.
  • the combustion chamber is proposed to be made in the form of a cyclone-vortex combustion chamber, in the lower zone of which the coal residue is burned, in the middle and upper zones, the coal residue is burned and gaseous products from the retort are burned to produce useful thermal energy and ash residue.
  • the dimensions of the retort are determined by the required performance of the device, while the ratio of its length to diameter should be 15: 1;
  • - part of the pyrolysis gases is diverted from the retort to the gas piston power plant; - as wet waste containing organic materials, there may be chicken droppings, excrement of other domestic animals, lignin, wood waste, silt deposits, etc.
  • a device for the disposal of wet waste including a thermally insulated body, inside which there is a thermal decomposition chamber connected to the combustion chamber, at
  • the thermal decomposition chamber is equipped with a gas-tight device for loading waste waste and a gas-tight device for unloading pyrolysis products
  • the combustion chamber is equipped with a flue gas outlet connected through a heat exchanger to the chimney
  • the thermal decomposition chamber is connected by a gas exhaust pipe to the combustion chamber
  • the thermal decomposition chamber perform in the form of a continuous charcoal retort.
  • the combustion chamber is proposed to be made in the form of a cyclone-vortex chamber and equipped with blow fans.
  • the dimensions of the retort are determined by the required performance of the device, while the ratio of its length to diameter should be 15: 1,
  • thermochemical processing of organic waste Wastes coming to incineration (with humidity up to 75%) are subjected to preliminary thermodynamic treatment (pyrolysis) immediately before incineration as part of the incinerator due to part of the incineration energy.
  • Thermodynamic treatment ensures the combination of drying processes with the release of water vapor, the beginning of their gasification and thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) with the release of unbound carbon (coal residue).
  • gaseous ⁇ , H 2 , CnHm (hydrocarbons), as well as a coal residue with a sufficient calorific value enter the combustion ability providing stable and complete combustion, as well as water vapor, which provides reduced emissions of NOx and SOx.
  • the result of the process is useful heat for steam supply, heating and hot water supply, ash and coal residues as products for various purposes (fertilizers, etc.).
  • a continuous process is ensured without the use of extraneous energy sources organized by burning other types of fuels, and using the utilized product released during the combustion of pyrolysis gases and coal residue to conduct the process of its own energy ..
  • the product is disposed of with a moisture content of up to 75%, and the released moisture ("vapor") in the form of water vapor, performs useful functions for disposal:
  • the method also differs in that due to the precise dosing of the utilized product during its transportation in the retort in the direction of increasing temperature, its "zone" heat treatment is provided.
  • the first zone with a temperature of 100 ° C ⁇ 200 ° C provides evaporation of moisture.
  • the 2nd zone with a temperature of 200 ° C ⁇ 400 ° C provides heating and the beginning of pyrolysis.
  • the 3rd zone with a temperature of 400 ° C ⁇ 800 0 C provides fast pyrolysis and the release of coal residue and pyrolysis gases.
  • Such “zone” treatment provides in retort the concentration of a mixture of gases and water vapor (vapor) with a constant composition necessary for stable combustion.
  • the proposed device is an energy technology unit that produces technological and energy products.
  • a cyclone-vortex burner device and the supply of flue gases into the rotor pipe were used.
  • Figure l shows a diagram of a device for the disposal of wet waste containing organic materials, where:
  • the cyclone-vortex combustion chamber 1 consists of 3 combustion zones that are spaced apart along its height and are serviced by draft blower fans 15 with an adjustable combustion air supply.
  • coal residue is burned as solid fuel coming from retort 3.
  • the excess air ( ⁇ t) (on which the content of toxic NOx and SOx depends) is regulated in each zone within the necessary limits - 0.9 ⁇ 1.16.
  • the combustion chamber 1 with its boron part 2 is connected with a thermally insulated housing 11, in which the retort 3 is placed, and the retort 3 is in turn connected with the combustion chamber 1 with a gas-tight discharge device 4 and a gas exhaust pipe 16.
  • combustion gases from the furnace enter the housing 1 1, where along the path of their movement to the chimney 7, through the spark-collecting chamber 5 and the heat exchanger 6, the walls of the retort and the utilized product moving inside it are heated.
  • the movement of the utilized product and its intensive mixing is ensured by being placed in the retort 3 body by the rotor 8.
  • the rotor 8 is a pipe to which the blades are welded (screw).
  • the movement of the product to be disposed of from the metering device 9 to the unloading device 4 occurs along the inner surface of the retort 3 with a temperature from IQO 0 C to 800 0 C inside the retort 3.
  • thermal decomposition of the product to be disposed of The products of thermal decomposition of coal residue and combined-cycle gases through the discharge device 4 and the exhaust pipe 16 are fed into the combustion chamber 1 for low-temperature combustion. If necessary, the coal residue can be discharged separately as a technological product, and pyrolysis gases can be discharged to a gas piston power plant.
  • flue gases enter the rotor, increasing the hot contact surface, for additional heating of the utilized product.
  • the design of the retort 3 (its dimensions - length and diameter) is determined by the required performance of the device. Determining is the necessary contact surface of the heating, along which the utilized product moves.
  • the ratio of the length of the retort to its diameter> 15: 1 was derived empirically and by calculation, so for a productivity of 500 kg / h the length of the retort is 9 m and its diameter is 0.6 m. In this case, the useful (contact) heating surface is 8.5 m 2 .
  • a pre-dried fuel is loaded into the receiving hopper 10 with a metering device 9 equipped with level sensors of the feed material (this can be a recyclable product or other fuel, for example, dry sawdust). Based on 30 - 50 minutes of operation of the device.
  • the drive of the device’s transport system (the drive of the dosing device, the drive of the retort mixer, the drive of the draft blowing machines) is turned on.
  • the utilized product goes through the drying - evaporation stage, heating and pyrolysis.
  • the coal residue heated to a temperature of ⁇ 700 ° C enters the unloading device 4, and the vapor-gas mixture enters the gas exhaust pipe 16, which enter the combustion chamber for combustion.
  • the energy of combustion provides constant heating of the retort.
  • the burning of coal residue occurs in the lower part of the combustion chamber and is provided by its blow fan 15.
  • Combustion of a gas-vapor mixture occurs in the upper part of the combustion chamber and is supported by a torch from burning coal residue.
  • the air supply to the upper and middle part of the combustion chamber is also carried out by separate blower fans 15.
  • Cyclonic air supply by fans provides:
  • the high pressure in the combustion chamber which is created by the blower fans, provides overpressure in the entire system without the use of a smoke exhaust (fan for smoke extraction) and the effective operation of the gravitational spark trap 5.
  • the temperature in the combustion chamber is 1150 ° C
  • the temperature in the combustion chamber is 1050 0 C
  • the applied method and device for the disposal of wet waste reduce the volume, tonnage and hazard class of waste disposed, thereby reducing the environmental burden on the environment and significantly reducing the cost of waste disposal and maintenance.
  • Both products ash and coal residue, consisting of 29% activated carbon and 71% mineral component

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne des procédés de recyclage de déchets organiques ayant une humidité accrue et une forte concentration en substances nocives. Le recyclage des déchets humides contenant des matériaux organiques se fait dans une chambre de décomposition thermique consistant en une cornue métallique à charbon à fonctionnement continu. L’envoi des déchets dans la cornue se fait à l’aide d’un rotor. Du fait du dosage de la charge des déchets, on obtient une composition de produits gazeux de pyrolyse qui maintient une combustion stable dans la chambre de combustion. La chambre de combustion se présente sous forme d’une chambre à cyclone-tourbillons et comporte des ventilateurs de soufflage. Les résidus de carbone sont brûlés dans la zone inférieure de la chambre de combustion, tandis que dans les zones médiane et inférieure, on effectue une combustion finale des résidus de carbone et une combustion des produits de pyrolyse gazeux sortant de la cornue. Les gaz de fumées sont expulsés hors de la cornue et envoyés dans le rotor afin de chauffer les déchets recyclables. Le résultat technique consiste en un processus sûr sur le plan écologique, en un élargissement de la gamme des déchets recyclables, en une diminution de la consommation électrique et en un accroissement de la productivité.
PCT/RU2009/000560 2009-07-29 2009-10-16 Procédé et dispositif de recyclage de déchets humides contenant des matériaux organiques WO2011014094A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2009129080 2009-07-29
RU2009129077 2009-07-29
RU2009129080 2009-07-29
RU2009129077/03A RU2009129077A (ru) 2009-07-29 2009-07-29 Способ и устройство для утилизации влажных отходов, содержащих органические материалы

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011014094A1 true WO2011014094A1 (fr) 2011-02-03

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PCT/RU2009/000560 WO2011014094A1 (fr) 2009-07-29 2009-10-16 Procédé et dispositif de recyclage de déchets humides contenant des matériaux organiques

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2011014094A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015005755A1 (fr) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 Uab "Enasa" Installation de récupération et recyclage des boues d'épuration en produits écologiques
WO2019234436A1 (fr) * 2018-06-06 2019-12-12 Syngas International Limited Appareil et procédé de chauffage de déchets pour produire un gaz hydrocarboné et un produit de carbonisation solide
CZ308259B6 (cs) * 2019-04-11 2020-03-25 Jaroslav Kopic Zařízení pro termický rozklad a způsob provádění termického rozkladu

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1548601A1 (ru) * 1988-01-20 1990-03-07 Специализированное Проектно-Конструкторское И Технологическое Бюро Специализированного Транспортного Управления По Очистке Городских Территорий И Водных Протоков Ленгорсовета Способ пиролиза твердых бытовых отходов
RU2084760C1 (ru) * 1995-05-29 1997-07-20 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "ИНЭКО" Способ подготовки к сжиганию твердого топлива
US5669317A (en) * 1993-08-19 1997-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Plant for thermal waste disposal and process for operating such a plant
RU75711U1 (ru) * 2008-04-07 2008-08-20 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Сигл" Технологическая схема установки для термического обезвреживания промышленных нефтесодержащих и твердых бытовых отходов

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1548601A1 (ru) * 1988-01-20 1990-03-07 Специализированное Проектно-Конструкторское И Технологическое Бюро Специализированного Транспортного Управления По Очистке Городских Территорий И Водных Протоков Ленгорсовета Способ пиролиза твердых бытовых отходов
US5669317A (en) * 1993-08-19 1997-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Plant for thermal waste disposal and process for operating such a plant
RU2084760C1 (ru) * 1995-05-29 1997-07-20 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "ИНЭКО" Способ подготовки к сжиганию твердого топлива
RU75711U1 (ru) * 2008-04-07 2008-08-20 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Сигл" Технологическая схема установки для термического обезвреживания промышленных нефтесодержащих и твердых бытовых отходов

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015005755A1 (fr) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 Uab "Enasa" Installation de récupération et recyclage des boues d'épuration en produits écologiques
WO2019234436A1 (fr) * 2018-06-06 2019-12-12 Syngas International Limited Appareil et procédé de chauffage de déchets pour produire un gaz hydrocarboné et un produit de carbonisation solide
CZ308259B6 (cs) * 2019-04-11 2020-03-25 Jaroslav Kopic Zařízení pro termický rozklad a způsob provádění termického rozkladu

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