WO2005015191A1 - ガスセンサ及びガス検知方法 - Google Patents
ガスセンサ及びガス検知方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005015191A1 WO2005015191A1 PCT/JP2003/010210 JP0310210W WO2005015191A1 WO 2005015191 A1 WO2005015191 A1 WO 2005015191A1 JP 0310210 W JP0310210 W JP 0310210W WO 2005015191 A1 WO2005015191 A1 WO 2005015191A1
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- gas
- catalyst
- temperature
- exhaust gas
- sulfur
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
- G01N33/0014—Sample conditioning by eliminating a gas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature
- G01N27/16—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature caused by burning or catalytic oxidation of surrounding material to be tested, e.g. of gas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas sensor and a gas detection method for detecting the amount or concentration of combustible gas.
- the present invention also relates to a gas sensor and a gas detection method for detecting the amount or concentration of nitrogen oxide or sulfur oxide contained in gas.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is suitable for detecting a gas component contained in exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine, such as exhaust gas from an automobile. Background art
- One of the gas sensors is a contact combustion type gas sensor.
- the principle of this gas sensor is that a platinum wire coated with an oxidation catalyst is used as a sensing element, and the temperature rise due to the catalytic combustion reaction of the flammable gas on the element surface is detected as a change in the electrical resistance of the platinum wire.
- Things. 1 9 9 1 year 1 February 20 1st edition 1st printing issuance "Catalyst utilization technology collection” Publisher University Co., Ltd. page 2 229—2 31 page shows the element of this catalytic combustion type gas sensor The structure and detection principle are described.
- an object of the present invention is to reduce the amount or concentration of one or more specific combustible gases from a gas containing a plurality of combustible gases.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a contact combustion type gas sensor and a gas detection method capable of detecting the temperature.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a gas sensor and a gas detection method capable of detecting at least one of the amount and concentration of nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides contained in a gas. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention includes a catalyst for catalytically combusting a combustible gas and a catalyst temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the catalyst, and measures a change in temperature of the catalyst when the combustible gas is catalytically combusted on the catalyst.
- a non-target flammable gas removal device that removes flammable gas that is not detected in a contact combustion type gas sensor that determines at least one of the amount and concentration of flammable gas The gas from which the gas has been removed is brought into contact with the catalyst.
- the catalyst preferably has a gas flow passage so that the gas flows in one direction. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent a gas other than the gas flowing through the gas flow passage from coming into contact with the catalyst, and it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the sensor.
- asymmetric combustible gas removing device that is, a device for removing combustible gas other than the measurement target, a catalyst, a permselective membrane, a filter, etc. can be used.
- a catalyst is used. Recommend.
- Noble metals such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru): a catalyst containing at least one selected from rhodium (Rh) as an active ingredient, or a catalyst containing iron (Fe), cobalt (C o) and manganese (Mn) containing at least one of them as an active component has the property that specific combustible gases can be selectively combusted and removed by changing the heating temperature of the catalyst. . Also, by changing the catalyst component and amount, specific combustible gas It is possible to selectively remove the catalyst by catalytic combustion. In the present invention, utilizing such properties of the catalyst, it is recommended to use it as an asymmetric combustible gas removal device.
- H 2 For example catalyst supporting P d alumina (A 1 2 0 3) carrier, illustrating the present invention.
- the ignition temperature of H 2 is the lowest, followed by the ignition temperature of C ⁇ and CH 4 in this order.
- H 2 C_ ⁇ when it is desired to detect the CH 4 from a gas CH 4 is included in the co-presence is the present catalyst 2 installed, first should CO is ignited but CH 4 is ignited The gas is brought into contact with the catalyst whose heating temperature is set to a temperature not to be changed, and then the gas is brought into contact with the catalyst whose heating temperature is set to the temperature at which CH 4 is ignited.
- H 2 and CO can be combusted and removed by the first-stage catalyst, and only the gas containing CH 4 can flow through the second-stage catalyst. Since the former catalyst is heated to the temperature at which C ⁇ ignites, not only CO but also H 2 ignited at a lower temperature than CO are burned and removed. Established the catalyst temperature measuring device in the catalyst causing combustion removal of CH 4 advance, by measuring the temperature change when the CH 4 is removed combustion, it is possible to determine the amount or concentration of it than CH 4.
- the gas sensor of the present invention can be used as a gas detection element by using a sensor layer formed by coating or the like on a temperature measuring resistor made of a platinum wire or an iron-palladium alloy wire.
- a temperature measuring resistor made of a platinum wire or an iron-palladium alloy wire.
- a compensating element having a structure similar to that of the above-described gas detecting element but not forming a catalyst layer is used to form a bridge circuit having two sides of the gas detecting element and the compensating element, the electric power of both elements is obtained.
- the difference in air resistance can be measured, and the gas concentration or quantity can be measured more precisely.
- an iron-palladium alloy wire is used as a resistance temperature detector, the temperature coefficient is higher and the specific resistance is higher than that of platinum, so the applied voltage can be increased, the sensor output is increased, and the sensor sensitivity is increased. It has the effect of being able to increase
- thermoelectric conversion element As a means for measuring the temperature change of the catalyst, a thermoelectric conversion element can be used in addition to the use of the resistance temperature detector. When combustible gas burns on the catalyst, combustion heat is generated. At that time, the catalyst has a temperature gradient along the gas flow passage. If a thermoelectric conversion element is installed along the temperature gradient, a thermoelectromotive force is generated in the thermoelectric conversion element according to the temperature gradient. By measuring the thermoelectromotive force, the heat of combustion generated can be obtained, and the amount of combustible gas can be determined. Alternatively, the concentration can be detected. Any thermoelectric conversion element can be used as long as it can detect a temperature gradient, for example, Bi 2 Te 3 ,
- a catalyst containing a noble metal or a transition metal such as Mn, Fe and Co can be used as a catalyst for catalytically combustible combustible gas. It is desirable that these catalytically active components be carried on a porous carrier in order to enhance their dispersibility.
- a porous carrier in addition to alumina, metal oxides such as titania, silica, silica-alumina, zirconia, and magnesia, or composite oxides of La and A 1 can be used.
- the flammable gas detection gas sensor of the present invention can be used in combination with a nitrogen oxide (hereinafter, referred to as N ⁇ x) sensor or a sulfur oxide (hereinafter, referred to as S ⁇ x) sensor.
- N ⁇ x nitrogen oxide
- S ⁇ x sulfur oxide
- NOX or SOX not only flammable gas but also NOX or SOX can be measured at the same time.
- the use of combustible gas sensor of the present invention in combination with oxygen (0 2) sensor, HC in the gas, CO, ⁇ 2 it is possible to detect the density, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas (air A and fuel F Weight ratio A / F ratio) can be calculated.
- the NOx gas sensor of the present invention captures nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas when the inflowing exhaust gas is in an oxidizing atmosphere, and combusts the nitrogen oxides captured when the inflowing exhaust gas is in a reducing atmosphere.
- a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst for reducing to nitrogen by a contact reaction with a reactive gas and a catalyst temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the catalyst.
- This NOx gas sensor can be used as a detection element by forming a catalyst layer on a platinum wire or an iron-palladium alloy wire as in the combustible gas sensor of the present invention.
- the gas When it is desired to detect NOx contained in the gas in the reducing atmosphere, the gas is brought into contact with the flammable gas sensor of the present invention before the gas is brought into contact with the NOx gas sensor of the present invention. It is desirable to burn off the gas to form an oxidizing atmosphere and then allow the gas to flow through the NOX gas sensor, or to add a gas containing oxygen to form a gas in the oxidizing atmosphere and then contact the gas with the NOx gas sensor. Next, when flowing a gas in a reducing atmosphere through the NOx gas sensor, the temperature of the catalyst of the flammable gas sensor must be lowered so that the flammable gas does not ignite, or the NOx gas sensor is bypassed by igniting the flammable gas sensor.
- the oxidizing atmosphere gas means an oxygen-excess gas, so-called clean exhaust gas
- the reducing atmosphere gas is an excess fuel gas, so-called It means exhaust gas burned in a state where the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (stoichiometric ratio) or air-fuel ratio is rich.
- the NOx trapping catalyst preferably includes a component having a NOx trapping function and a component having a NOx reducing function.
- the component having the NOX trapping function is desirably selected from alkali metals such as Na, K and Li or alkaline earth metals such as Sr, Ca and Ba. One or more of these can be used in combination.
- the components having the NOX reducing function are Rh,? 1; and? It is desirable to choose from precious metals consisting of € 1. These noble metals can also be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Mn is included in the gas, NOx trapping ability in an oxidizing atmosphere can be further enhanced.
- These components are desirably supported on a porous carrier such as alumina to enhance the dispersibility.
- the sulfur oxide (SO x) gas sensor of the present invention comprises: a sulfur capture catalyst that captures sulfur in exhaust gas when the exhaust gas is in an oxidizing atmosphere and desorbs the captured sulfur when the exhaust gas is in a reducing atmosphere; A catalyst temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the sulfur capturing catalyst is provided. After contacting the gas sensor with exhaust gas in an oxidizing atmosphere, and then contacting exhaust gas in a reducing atmosphere, the force generated when sulfur captured on the sulfur capture catalyst desorbs from the catalyst is measured. Detects at least one of the amount and concentration of sulfur oxides contained in exhaust gas in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- a flammable gas sensor When detecting the sulfur oxides contained in the exhaust gas in the reducing atmosphere, a flammable gas sensor is provided or the oxygen-containing gas adding means is installed, as described above for the NOX gas sensor.
- the gas may be converted to a gas in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the sulfur trapping catalyst desirably includes a component having a sulfur trapping function and a component having a function of desorbing sulfur.
- the component having a sulfur trapping function is desirably composed of one or more selected from alkali metals such as Na, K and Li or alkaline earth metals such as Sr, Ca and Ba.
- the component having a function of desorbing sulfur is desirably composed of one or more noble metals selected from h, Pt and Pd. These components are desirably supported on a porous carrier such as alumina in order to enhance their dispersibility.
- N 2 sulfur is believed to be mainly eliminated as S_ ⁇ 2.
- S_ ⁇ 2 sulfur When sulfur is desorbed from the catalyst, heat is generated, and when the amount of sulfur captured by the catalyst is large, the amount of heat generated increases accordingly. Therefore, by measuring the temperature rise of the catalyst during the reduction reaction, the amount of trapped sulfur can be determined, and the S ⁇ x amount or concentration in the exhaust gas can be detected.
- the same components as those used in the NOx trapping catalyst of the NOx gas sensor can be used. Therefore, if N ⁇ X and S ⁇ X coexist in the gas, there is a possibility that both NOX and SOx will be incorporated even in the SOX trapping catalyst. This is also true for N ⁇ x trap catalysts. For this reason, it may not be possible to determine whether the temperature increase of the catalyst during the reduction reaction is caused by N ⁇ X or S ⁇ X.
- the desorption temperature of sulfur or the reduction temperature of NOx differs depending on the components and the composition ratio of the catalyst used, but when compared, the reduction temperature of SOx is generally higher.
- the catalyst containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal described above has a NOx reduction temperature of 100 to 400 ° C, while a sulfur desorption temperature of 500 to 400 ° C. 8 00. Therefore, sulfur desorption from the catalyst hardly occurs in the temperature range of the catalyst used in the NOx gas sensor.
- the cross-sectional shape of the gas flow passage is , Square, round, hexagonal, etc.
- sensors can be stacked and used, which has the advantage of saving space.
- a round cross-section there is an advantage that non-uniformity of gas diffusion is eliminated.
- the cross-sectional area of the gas sensor according to the invention is suitable 0. 1 mm 2 ⁇ 3 0 mm 2 ⁇ smaller than this, the pressure loss in the gas flow passage is increased, gas is difficulty to diffuse the flow furnace Kunar . On the other hand, if it is larger than this, the combustible gas becomes difficult to react with the catalyst, so that accurate gas detection becomes difficult and the response becomes poor.
- the temperature at which the catalyst captures NO is preferably from 50 ° C. to 400 ° C., and more preferably from 100 ° C. to 350 ° C. If the temperature is too low or too high, it will be difficult to capture NOX, and accurate N ⁇ X detection may not be possible.
- the temperature at which sulfur is captured by the catalyst used in the SO x sensor is preferably from 50 ° C to 600 ° C, and more preferably from 100 ° C to 450 ° C. . If the temperature is too low or too high, it is difficult to capture sulfur content, and accurate S0X detection may not be possible.
- the amount of gas circulated through the gas sensor of the present invention depends on the catalyst in the sensor.
- S V 1 0 0 0 / h to l 0 0 0 0 / h is preferred. If it is smaller than this, gas diffusion into the sensor becomes slow, and the gas selectivity when detecting a specific gas from a gas containing a plurality of gas types is reduced. On the other hand, if it is larger than this, the reaction on the catalyst becomes difficult to proceed, and it becomes difficult to accurately detect the gas concentration or amount.
- the gas sensor of the present invention can more accurately detect the gas concentration or amount by combining it with the amount of exhaust gas obtained using, for example, an airflow sensor.
- the method for preparing the catalyst used in the gas sensor of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is a physical preparation method such as an impregnation method, a kneading method, a coprecipitation method, a sol-gel method, an ion exchange method, a vapor deposition method, or a preparation using a chemical reaction. Any method can be applied.
- various compounds such as nitric acid compounds, acetic acid compounds, complex compounds, hydroxides, carbonate compounds, and organic compounds, and metals or metal oxides can be used as starting materials for the catalyst. it can.
- Lean burn vehicles are equipped with a lean NOx catalyst so that NOx in exhaust gas can be removed even in the lean region.
- the lean NOx purification catalyst captures NOX in the exhaust gas by adsorption or absorption when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is lean, and changes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst from lean to rich or stoichiometric.
- NOX trapped by the catalyst is reduced to N 2 .
- Lean-burn vehicles should be operated with a lean air / fuel ratio of 18 or more during normal urban driving, and with a stoichiometric or rich air / fuel ratio of 14.7 or less when accelerating or starting.
- Is set to Sulfur in exhaust gas adheres to lean NOX purification catalyst If it accumulates, the NOx trapping performance in lean operation will deteriorate.
- the NOx gas sensor of the present invention is installed before and after the lean NOx catalyst to detect the concentration or amount of N ⁇ X, the amount of NOX trapped by the lean NOx purification catalyst at the time of leaning can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to determine how much the lean NO X purification catalyst has deteriorated.
- the operation is performed at the time of evening switching or stoichiometric or rich switching from the lean state to the stoichiometric or rich state.
- Feedback can be provided to the control of time, and furthermore, the timing of EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), and can also be used to comply with the on-board-diagnostic system (BD) regulations.
- EGR exhaust gas recirculation
- the gas sensor of the present invention can also be used for monitoring, for example, the deterioration state of a three-way catalyst.
- the N ⁇ x sensor of the present invention is installed in the EGR passage, not only the N ⁇ x concentration in the EGR passage but also the exhaust gas temperature can be detected at the same time, so that the EGR control can be performed accurately.
- the NOx sensor of the present invention when the NOx sensor comes into contact with the S ⁇ X-containing gas, sulfur may adhere thereto, and the sensitivity of the sensor may be reduced. In such a case, if the catalyst in the NOx sensor is heated to 600 ° C. or more and a stoichiometric or rich gas is allowed to flow, sulfur attached to the catalyst can be desorbed. it can.
- the SOx sensor of the present invention is installed before and after a catalyst mounted on an automobile, the amount of sulfur captured by the catalyst at the time of leaning can be determined, so that it is possible to determine the degree of poisoning by the sulfur content of the catalyst. It is possible to judge the timing of desorbing sulfur from the catalyst by the rich spike mode. Also, at this time, the catalyst was desorbed from the catalyst by the rich spike mode. By measuring the sulfur content, it is also possible to determine how much the catalyst performance has recovered.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a gas sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the combustion rate of combustible gas by a catalyst.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of gas detection when a plurality of gases exist.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view when a thermoelectric conversion element is used to detect a change in the temperature of the catalyst.
- FIG. 5 is a comparison diagram of a case where a platinum (Pt) wire is used and a case where a thermoelectric conversion element is used to detect a change in temperature of the catalyst.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the combustion rate of combustible gas by a catalyst.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a change in the temperature of the catalyst before and after the NO X reduction reaction.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which NO X sensors are installed before and after a lean NO X purification catalyst.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of detecting NOx in a gas.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which an S ⁇ X sensor is installed before and after a lean NO X purification catalyst.
- FIG. 1 shows a gas sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the catalyst layer 1 is formed on the Pt line 2, and the catalyst layer 2
- a gas flow passage 3 having a rectangular cross section is provided at the center of the cylinder. The gas detection mechanism of this gas sensor will be described.
- a current always flows through both ends of the Pt line 2.
- the combustible gas comes into contact with the catalyst layer 1, the combustible gas is burned by the catalytic action, and accordingly, the temperature of the Pt line increases, and the electric resistance of the Pt line 2 increases.
- a potential difference E occurs at both ends of t-line 2.
- the temperature change ⁇ T of the Pt line is proportional to the calorific value Q associated with the combustion of the combustible gas, and the calorific value Q is also proportional to the concentration C of the combustible gas and the molar heat of combustion ⁇ .
- the sensor output voltage is proportional to the flammable gas concentration C if the flammable gas is determined, and the gas concentration C can be determined by measuring the potential difference E across the Pt line. If the gas concentration and the flow rate of the entire gas are known, the amount of combustible gas can be calculated. In addition to this method, if the relationship between the change in the electrical resistance of the Pt line and the concentration of the flammable gas is mapped, the flammable gas concentration can be easily obtained using the map.
- a gas sensor having the structure shown in Fig. 1 was manufactured as follows, and the ignition temperatures of various combustible gases were measured. First, a method for preparing the catalyst will be described. NH 3 was added while stirring a mixed solution of nitric acid A 1 and nitric acid La dissolved in water to obtain a co-precipitate of La and A 1. Dry this coprecipitate at 120 ° C, then And baked at 600 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the mixture was calcined at 900 ° C. for 1 hour to produce a composite oxide of La and A 1.
- the composite oxide was used as a carrier, impregnated with a dinitrodiammine Pd nitric acid solution, dried at 120 ° C, and then calcined at 600 ° C for 1 hour.
- L a is 1 3 g in terms of element is P d P dZ being contained lg - was prepared (L a A 1) oxide catalyst.
- this catalyst is referred to as catalyst A.
- the slurry prepared by adding alumina sol to catalyst A was converted to a 1 L honeycomb with a Pt wire installed on a Kogelyte honeycomb (400 cell Zinc 2 ) with only one cell.
- a gas sensor having a structure shown in FIG. 1 containing Pd as a catalyst active component was obtained.
- This gas sensor has a rectangular cross section, and the length of one side of the cross section is about 1 mm. The length in the direction where the Pt line 2 is installed is about 5 mm. Insulation material was installed around the gas sensor to improve the heat insulation from outside air.
- the ignition temperature differs depending on the type of combustible gas. Therefore, for example, when measuring the concentration of CH 4 in a gas containing H 2 , CO, and CH 4 , the same type of catalyst as used in the gas sensor of the present embodiment is used for the gas sensor. If it is installed upstream and the temperature of the catalyst is set to 300 ° C and gas is allowed to flow, H 2 and CO are burned and removed, and only CH 4 flows into the gas sensor of the present invention. CH 4 can be detected selectively.
- a sensor with a capacitance of 6 c. was manufactured by stacking the sensors shown in Fig. 1. However, only one Pt wire was installed on the sensor. H 2 , CO, and CH 4 gases were individually circulated through this gas sensor, and the combustion rate of the catalyst before and after the gas sensor circulated was measured. The flowing gas volume was 3 L / min. The gas concentration was the same as in Example 1. The burning rate of flammable gas was determined by the following equation.
- Combustion rate (%) ((amount of flammable gas flowing into catalyst)-1 (amount of flammable gas flowing out of catalyst)) Z (amount of flammable gas flowing into catalyst)
- XI 0 0 Shows the purification rates of H 2 , CO 2 , and CH 4 with respect to temperature. From FIG. 2, it can be seen that, for example, when the sensor temperature is 150 ° C., H 2 almost burns, and CO and CH 4 do not burn. When the sensor temperature is 250, C 0 and H 2 burn, and CH 4 does not. Therefore, for gases where H 2 , CO, and CH 4 coexist (such gases are commonly found in automobile exhaust gas), multiple gas sensors are installed as shown in Fig. 3 to determine the temperature of each gas.
- the concentration or amount of each of the H 2 , CO, and CH 4 gases can be detected selectively.
- the temperature of the sensor part (a) is set to 150 ° C, only the H 2 gas burns, and the heat of combustion is evaluated from the electrical resistance change of the Pt line. concentration or amount of H 2 look can Rukoto.
- the temperature of the sensor section (b) is set at 250 ° C, only CO will burn, and the concentration or amount of CO can be measured.
- the temperature of the sensor section (c) is set at 550 ° C, the concentration or amount of CH 4 can be measured.
- FIG. 4 shows a conceptual diagram of the sensor of this embodiment.
- the flammable gas burns more easily in the front part of the sensor, so the combustion heat accompanying the gas combustion is also larger in the front part of the sensor. Therefore, a gradient of the catalyst temperature T is formed along the gas flow passage.
- FIG. 5 (I) in FIG. 5 shows how the difference ⁇ T between the temperature of the catalyst after flowing the rich gas and the temperature of the catalyst before flowing the rich gas changes depending on the distance from the sensor entrance.
- thermoelectric conversion element when a thermoelectric conversion element is installed in advance along the temperature gradient, a thermoelectromotive force is generated in the thermoelectric conversion element according to the temperature gradient.
- the difference ⁇ s between the thermoelectromotive force after the flow of the rich gas and the thermoelectromotive force before the flow of the rich gas has a small difference depending on the measurement point, and therefore, the detection error of the gas concentration or the amount due to the temperature gradient in the sensor is small.
- Catalysts B to F were prepared by using the same catalyst components and the same preparation method except that Pt and Ru, Mn, Co, and Fe were supported instead of Pd in Catalyst ⁇ .
- FIG. 6 shows the result of the same measurement as in Example 2 performed on Catalyst B.
- Table 2 shows the temperatures at which the purification rates of the catalysts C to F reached 50% for each gas.
- the temperature at which the purification rate is 50% is set because the purification rate of 50% is used as a reference for judging the catalyst performance.
- the combustion temperature depends on the catalyst component and gas type. It turns out that they are different. Therefore, for the catalyst installed in the sensor, by optimizing the heating temperature and the like by combining not only the catalyst A but also the catalysts B to F, the gas selectivity at the time of gas detection is improved.
- Table 2 shows the temperatures at which the purification rates of the catalysts C to F reached 50% for each gas.
- the temperature at which the purification rate is 50% is set because the purification rate of 50%
- a slurry composed of alumina powder and an alumina precursor and adjusted to be nitric acid was coated on a cordierite honeycomb (400 cells Z inc 2 ) equipped with a Pt wire, and then the alumina-coated honeycomb was first coated on the alumina-coated honeycomb.
- Second round After impregnating with a nitric acid Ce solution as an impregnating component, drying was performed at 120 ° C., followed by baking at 600 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the Ce-supported honeycomb was impregnated with a dinitrodiammine Pt nitric acid solution, a dinitrodiammine Pd nitric acid solution, a nitric acid Rh solution, a mixed solution of nitric acid Mn and acetic acid K, and 200 ° C and then calcined at 600 ° C for 1 hour.
- a mixed solution of an acetic acid K solution, a nitric acid Na solution, a nitric acid Li solution, and a Ti sol was impregnated, dried at 200 ° C, and then dried at 600 ° C. For 1 hour.
- K contained in the second impregnation liquid and the third impregnation liquid was the same addition amount.
- a NOx gas sensor having the structure shown in Fig. 1 was created, and the heat generated during NOx reduction was measured under the following conditions.
- a sensor with a capacity of 6 cc by laminating the sensors shown in Fig. 1 was fixed in a quartz glass reaction tube.
- This reaction tube was introduced into an electric furnace, and heating was controlled so that the gas temperature introduced into the sensor became 150 ° C.
- the gas introduced into the reaction tube is model gas (hereinafter referred to as stoichiometric model gas) that assumes exhaust gas when the car engine is operating at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, and the car engine is performing lean burn operation.
- the model gas that assumed the exhaust gas at that time (hereinafter, “lean model gas”) was switched and introduced every three minutes.
- the composition of the scan Tikimode Rugasu is, NO x: 1 0 0 0 ppm, C 3 H 8: 1 8 0 0 ppm, CO: 0. 6%, CO 2: 1 0%, 02: 0. 5%, H 2 : 0. 3%, H 2 0 : 4%, N 2: was the remainder.
- the composition of the lean model gas is NO x: 160 ppn! ⁇ 5 0 0 ppm, C 3 H 8: 3 0 0 ppm, CO: 0.
- Catalyst temperature change ⁇ T (° C) (Catalyst layer temperature 3 minutes after switching to stoichiometry ()) — (Catalyst layer temperature immediately before switching to stoichiometry C))
- FIG. 7 shows the results of measuring the catalyst temperature change ⁇ ⁇ (° C).
- NOx concentration or amount in the lean atmosphere can be measured. Therefore, NOx concentration or amount can be detected by installing this sensor in the exhaust gas flow path of the internal combustion engine into which the exhaust gas having a lean air-fuel ratio and the exhaust gas having a rich or stoichiometric air-fuel ratio flow.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram in which the NO X gas sensor 5 used in Example 5 is mounted on a lean burn vehicle.
- the N ⁇ x sensor according to the present invention is installed before and after a lean NOx purification catalyst 6 mounted on an automobile, and the time change of each NOx concentration or amount is measured. From the following equation, the amount of N ⁇ X trapped by the lean NO X purification catalyst at the time of lean can be determined.
- Captured NO X amount (Total NO X amount flowing into lean NO X purification catalyst)-(Total N ⁇ x amount discharged from lean NO X purification catalyst downstream)
- Figure 9 shows the NOx sensor formed by combining the combustible gas oxidation catalyst D and catalyst G. Measured composition of the gas is N_ ⁇ X: 1 0 0 0 ppi, CO: 0. 6%, ⁇ 2: 1. 0%, H 2 : 0. 3%, N 2: was the remainder.
- N_ ⁇ X 1 0 0 0 ppi
- CO 0. 6%
- ⁇ 2 1. 0%
- H 2 0. 3%
- N 2: was the remainder.
- (I) of FIG. 9 when the temperature of the catalyst D was set to 500 ° C and the temperature of the catalyst G was set to 150 ° C, the flammable gas in the measurement gas in the catalyst D was changed. The volatile gases H 2 and CO all burn, and only NO x, O 2 , CO 2 , H 2 ⁇ and N 2 are contained in the gas. By flowing this gas through the catalyst G, NO X can be captured on the catalyst.
- nitric acid made from a precursor of alumina powder and alumina
- Jierai preparative manufactured honeycomb (4 0 0 cell Le Zinc 2)
- the alumina coated honeycomb After impregnating with a nitric acid Na solution as an impregnating component, the resultant was dried at 120 ° C. and subsequently calcined at 600 for 1 hour.
- alumina is 190 g with respect to the honeycomb 1 L, and N a 2 C_ ⁇ 3 to obtain a catalyst H containing 4 2 g.
- An SOX gas sensor having the structure shown in Fig. 1 was prepared using catalyst H.
- a sensor with a capacity of 6 cc by stacking the sensors shown in Fig. 1 was fixed in a quartz glass reaction tube. This reaction tube was introduced into an electric furnace, and heating was controlled so that the temperature of the gas introduced into the sensor became 300 ° C.
- Gas introduced into the reaction tube, S_ ⁇ 2 containing lean model gas (composition C 3 H 6: 300 pm, CO: 0. 1%, CO 2: 4%, 0 2: 1 1%, H 2 0: 4%, S 0 2: 3 0 0 ppm, N 2: was the remainder).
- This lean model gas was circulated in the sensor. At this time, Na in the catalyst H is partially converted into sulfuric acid Na by the following reaction.
- the model gas (composition: C 3 H 6 : 600 ppm, CO: 0.6%, CO 2 : 12%, O 2 : 0.5%, H 2: 0. 3%, H 2 O: 1 1%, N 2: balance) the flow to the gas flow path in the l O min sensor
- the heat generated when this was caused was calculated by MA LT 2 (thermodynamic database for personal computers: The Japan Society for Thermometry).
- MA LT 2 thermodynamic database for personal computers: The Japan Society for Thermometry.
- the generated heat was 3400 kJ.
- Heat generated is N a 2 S_ ⁇ 4 Na 2 C0 3, which is contained in the catalyst H, it is thought that the heat generated by the transition of S_ ⁇ 2, H 2 S. Therefore, if the generated heat is measured, it is possible to detect the amount of S contained in the sensor, that is, the concentration or amount of SO x in the lean gas when the lean gas flows through the sensor.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram in which the above-mentioned SOX gas sensor 7 is mounted on a lean burn vehicle into which exhaust gas having a lean air-fuel ratio and exhaust gas having a rich or stoichiometric air-fuel ratio flow.
- the SOX sensor according to the present invention is installed before and after a lean N ⁇ X purification catalyst 6 mounted on an automobile, and the time change of each SOX concentration or amount is measured, From the following equation, the amount of S ⁇ X trapped by the lean NOx purification catalyst at the time of leaning can be determined.
- Captured SO x amount (Total SOX amount flowing into lean NOX purification catalyst) I (Total SO x amount flowing downstream of lean NO X purification catalyst) Measured S ⁇ X amount captured by lean N ⁇ X purification catalyst By doing so, we can see how much lean NOx purification catalyst is poisoned by SOX.
- the concentration or amount of a specific combustible gas can be selectively detected. Furthermore, the concentration or amount of NOx and SOx can be selectively detected.
- PEFC polymer In a fuel cell vehicle using an electrolyte fuel cell, a sensor that can accurately detect each gas concentration in the coexisting gas of H 2 and C ⁇ is required for H 2 leak detection.
- the present invention meets these needs.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/010210 WO2005015191A1 (ja) | 2003-08-11 | 2003-08-11 | ガスセンサ及びガス検知方法 |
| AU2003257821A AU2003257821A1 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2003-08-11 | Gas sensor and gas detecting method |
| JP2005507590A JP4375336B2 (ja) | 2003-08-11 | 2003-08-11 | ガスセンサ及びガス検知方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/010210 WO2005015191A1 (ja) | 2003-08-11 | 2003-08-11 | ガスセンサ及びガス検知方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005015191A1 true WO2005015191A1 (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/010210 Ceased WO2005015191A1 (ja) | 2003-08-11 | 2003-08-11 | ガスセンサ及びガス検知方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4375336B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2003257821A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005015191A1 (ja) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010054225A (ja) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-11 | Yazaki Corp | ガス検出装置 |
| WO2010064052A1 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-10 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | NOx STORAGE MATERIALS FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS |
| JP2011054515A (ja) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-17 | Toshiba Corp | 純水素型燃料電池システム |
| WO2017082431A1 (ja) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-18 | 新コスモス電機株式会社 | 触媒転化式センサ |
| JP2017096946A (ja) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-06-01 | 新コスモス電機株式会社 | 触媒転化式センサ |
| WO2020246228A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-12-10 | Nissha株式会社 | 2成分ガスの濃度比算出方法および検知対象ガスの濃度算出方法 |
| US10928339B2 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2021-02-23 | New Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd. | Catalytic-conversion-type sensor |
| JP2023132213A (ja) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-09-22 | Tdk株式会社 | ガスセンサおよびガス検知方法 |
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- 2003-08-11 AU AU2003257821A patent/AU2003257821A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-11 JP JP2005507590A patent/JP4375336B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-11 WO PCT/JP2003/010210 patent/WO2005015191A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| JPS5596442A (en) * | 1979-01-17 | 1980-07-22 | Kaaku:Kk | Contact-combustion-type carbon monoxide detector |
| WO1991019975A1 (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1991-12-26 | Catalytica, Inc. | NOx SENSOR ASSEMBLY |
| WO1991019971A1 (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1991-12-26 | Catalytica, Inc. | Nox sensor and process for detecting no¿x? |
| JPH0666788A (ja) * | 1992-01-10 | 1994-03-11 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | 都市ガスの燃焼速度測定装置 |
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| JP2010054225A (ja) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-11 | Yazaki Corp | ガス検出装置 |
| WO2010064052A1 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-10 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | NOx STORAGE MATERIALS FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS |
| GB2477690A (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2011-08-10 | Johnson Matthey Plc | NOx storage materials for sensor applications |
| GB2477690B (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2013-06-05 | Johnson Matthey Plc | NOx storage materials for sensor applications |
| US9358525B2 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2016-06-07 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | NOx storage materials for sensor applications |
| JP2011054515A (ja) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-17 | Toshiba Corp | 純水素型燃料電池システム |
| WO2017082431A1 (ja) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-18 | 新コスモス電機株式会社 | 触媒転化式センサ |
| JP2017096946A (ja) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-06-01 | 新コスモス電機株式会社 | 触媒転化式センサ |
| US10928339B2 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2021-02-23 | New Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd. | Catalytic-conversion-type sensor |
| WO2020246228A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-12-10 | Nissha株式会社 | 2成分ガスの濃度比算出方法および検知対象ガスの濃度算出方法 |
| JP2020201049A (ja) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-12-17 | Nissha株式会社 | 2成分ガスの濃度比算出方法および検知対象ガスの濃度算出方法 |
| JP2023132213A (ja) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-09-22 | Tdk株式会社 | ガスセンサおよびガス検知方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4375336B2 (ja) | 2009-12-02 |
| JPWO2005015191A1 (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
| AU2003257821A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 |
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