WO2005011115A1 - 水晶振動子およびその加工方法 - Google Patents
水晶振動子およびその加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005011115A1 WO2005011115A1 PCT/JP2004/010629 JP2004010629W WO2005011115A1 WO 2005011115 A1 WO2005011115 A1 WO 2005011115A1 JP 2004010629 W JP2004010629 W JP 2004010629W WO 2005011115 A1 WO2005011115 A1 WO 2005011115A1
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- quartz
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/125—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils
- H03H9/13—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials
- H03H9/132—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials characterized by a particular shape
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
- G01N33/57438—Specifically defined cancers of liver, pancreas or kidney
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
- H03H3/007—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
- H03H3/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02007—Details of bulk acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02157—Dimensional parameters, e.g. ratio between two dimension parameters, length, width or thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/15—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
- H03H9/17—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator
- H03H9/19—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator consisting of quartz
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a groove-shaped concave-convex lens-shaped high-frequency and low-frequency crystal resonator for single-wavelength elastic vibration 'electromagnetic wave oscillation, and more particularly to a crystal resonator that can be used as a biosensor and the crystal resonator. Related to processing method.
- the axis perpendicular to the main surface of the crystal blank and the two processing center axes are completely coincident.
- a two-stage single-sided grooved type As a vibrating part, a crystal resonator that has a very small concave-convex lens shape, but whose two processing center axes and the axis perpendicular to the main surface of the AT-cut, which is a crystal blank, are completely coincident. Is completed.
- Fig. 1 (a) shows the material of the crystal plate (crystal blank).
- a AT-cut material having a thickness of 9 ⁇ m, a width of 3.58 mm, and a width of 3.58 mm was used.
- Fig. 1 (b) shows the center of the crystal blank shown in Fig. 1 (a), first of all, in the shape of a decagon with a diameter of 1.6 mm and a depth of 57. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- a large area is subjected to a chemical etching process using hydrofluoric acid to process a grooved type crystal blank having a one-step shape.
- Fig. 1 (c) shows the second step using hydrofluoric acid as the second processing step at the center of the one-stage, dodecagonal groove shown in Fig. 1 (b).
- a two-step part (shaded in the figure) with a circular shape and a diameter of 0.59 mm and a depth of 15.0 / m was formed by chemical etching Is shown.
- FIG. 1 (d) shows a two-stage single formed by performing chemical etching twice using hydrofluoric acid in FIGS. 1 (b) and 1 (c).
- -sided Indicates a grooved-type crystal blank.
- I made an interesting discovery First, a small area of a circular shape with a diameter of 0.59 mm is chemically etched, and then, as a second processing step, a large area of a hexagonal groove with a diameter of 1.6 mm is chemically etched.
- a single-sided grooved-type crystal oscillator with a two-step shape was completed by a chemical etching method that is not usually considered.
- the center of the decagonal groove portion and the circular vibrating portion is located at the vertex and radiates upward.
- the pressure becomes the maximum at both ends, with the center part being the minimum and the pressure corresponding to the radius that escaped upward.
- the amount of polishing between the two portions varies with curvature like a portion of a spherical surface. The polishing amount is proportional to the pressure. Therefore, it was clarified that the single-sided grooved-type quartz blank, which had a two-step shape after processing, protruded from the center of the vibrating part as the maximum, and became a convex convex lens shape. As a result, a plano-convex lens shape as shown in FIG. 1 (g) or a concave-convex lens shape as shown in FIG. 1 (h) was completed.
- Fig. 1 (g) shows a plano-convex two-stage shape, one of which has a convex lens shape and the other has a planar shape, made in a state polished for 30 minutes by the above design method. Show the completed crystal blank.
- Fig. 1 (h) shows a two-stage concavo-convex shape, one of which has a convex lens shape and the other has a concave lens shape. Indicate the crystal blank that was used.
- the power of the plano-convex shape as shown in Fig. 1 (g) or the concavo-convex shape as shown in Fig. 1 (h) depends on the design of the polishing time. Is determined by
- the center inside the groove The dynamic pressure is lowest at both ends where the dynamic pressure is highest. Since the polishing amount is proportional to the pressure, the polishing amount between both end portions changes with a curvature like a part of a spherical surface. As a result, the shape inside the two-step concave groove was designed to be a concave lens with some curvature of the spherical surface. Since the phenomenon of dynamic pressure occurs inside the concave groove portion and the phenomenon of radius makes the shape of a convex lens, the longer the polishing processing time, the more ideal both sides of the crystal unit, Concave-convex lens shape
- the most distinctive feature of the crystal unit designed and manufactured by this processing method is that a single-sided grooved-type crystal blank with a concave shape is manufactured by chemical etching and then a double-side polishing machine is used. And polishing only once, one surface has a convex lens shape with one central axis, the other surface has a concave lens shape with one central axis, and two concave-convex lens shapes. It means that the central axis is perfectly natural and perfectly coincident.
- the concave shape is formed by using a crystal plate in which the optical axis of the material of the crystal plate is cut at a right angle to the crystal plate, an axis perpendicular to the main surface of the crystal blank, or another predetermined angle.
- the concave-shaped crystal blank is polished using a double-side polishing machine, so that the crystal optical axis or rotating optical axis, or the AT-cut blank.
- the quartz resonator can piezoelectrically generate a high-frequency elastic vibration wave having a single wavelength as a fundamental wave.
- the fact that there is no sub-vibration mode near the main vibration means that the main vibration and sub-vibration are coupled regardless of the temperature change or even if the gravitational acceleration G changes rapidly. As a result, the phenomenon that the main vibration jumps to the sub vibration does not occur.
- the aperture ratio (d / t) which is the ratio of the diameter d of the vibrating portion to the plate thickness t of the vibrating portion, can be easily optimized.
- the two-stage structure is a structure that can withstand the gravitational acceleration that is shock-resistant.
- the quartz resonator having the two-stage shape has a feature that the energy applied to the vibrating portion is efficiently used.
- FIG. 2 shows a two-stage quartz crystal blank having a concave-convex lens-shaped vibrating portion processed by the above method, and an aluminum electrode having a width of 0.26 mm and a thickness of 2,000 A, as shown in the table.
- FIG. 9 is a measurement diagram obtained by applying an AC voltage of 0.6 Vpp to a quartz oscillator in which electrodes are alternately formed from a surface and a back surface by vapor deposition.
- the measuring instrument used for the measurement in FIG. 2 is a Network analyzer of model R3765CG manufactured by Advantest.
- the measurement results showed that the main vibration frequency was 108.9 MHz, and no sub-vibration occurred within ⁇ 7 MHz.
- FIG. 3 shows a two-stage single-sided grooved type crystal blank manufactured using chemical etching, and a Zygo-operated white interferometer of model New View5000.
- FIG. 4 is a shape measurement diagram showing the shape measured by the method. The measurement results are shown in FIGS. 1 (b) and 1 (c). According to the shape measurement diagram, the first chemically etched film has a dodecagonal groove with a diameter of 1.6 mm and a depth of 57.0 ⁇ m. Further, by performing a second chemical etching process as a next processing step, a circular portion having a diameter of 0.59 mm and a depth of 15.0 / im is processed.
- FIG. 4 shows a convex lens-shaped surface obtained by polishing the concave quartz crystal blank having the two-stage shape shown in FIG. 3 using a double-side polishing machine for 30 minutes. ing.
- the base lens had a convex lens shape with a base of 1.6 mm and an apex of 1.25 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 5 is a shape measurement diagram of the concave groove portion side of the quartz crystal blank of FIG. 4 measured using a Zygo model New View 5000 operated white interferometer. As can be seen from the shape measurement diagram, the interior of the two-stage concave groove portion has a planar shape.
- the convex lens shape shown in FIG. 4 is a convex lens shape with one surface raised to 1.25 ⁇ m, and the other surface is a planar shape shown in FIG. It was confirmed that the shape was similar to the plano-convex shape shown in Fig. 1 (g).
- FIG. 6 shows the opposite side of the concave portion of the quartz blank obtained by subjecting the quartz blank of FIG. 3 to the above-described polishing process for 60 minutes. It is the shape measurement figure measured using the meter. As can be seen from the shape measurement diagram, the central part of the crystal blank polished on the flat side has a convex lens shape with a base of 1.6 mm and a vertex of 3.5 / im. Was done.
- FIG. 7 is a shape measurement diagram obtained by measuring the concave groove portion side of the crystal blank of FIG. 6 using an operation type white interferometer of model New View 5000 manufactured by Zygo.
- the inside of the concave groove portion having a two-stage shape has a concave lens shape with a diameter of 0.48 mm and a depth of 12 nm. This was confirmed to be the concavo-convex shape shown in Fig. 1 (h).
- FIG. 8 shows a two-stage quartz crystal blank having a width of 0.26 mm and a thickness of FIG. 6 in which the front surface has a convex lens shape and FIG. 7 in which the rear surface has a concave lens shape.
- a quartz crystal unit with 2000 A in which aluminum electrodes are alternately formed by evaporation from the front and back surfaces. This photograph was taken of a Leica model with a Nomarski differential interference microscope from Leitz-Dmrm.
- FIG. 2 shows a resonance characteristic diagram of the crystal resonator completed by using FIG. 8 as a device.
- the quartz resonator used for the measurement in Fig. 2 has a convex lens shape on the front surface. Since the crystal blank shown in Fig. 7 is used, which has a concave lens shape on the back side, the diameter of the vibrating part is 0.59 mm, the diameter of the decagonal groove is 1.6 mm, Since the thickness of the vibrating part was 15.3 xm, the aperture ratio (dZt) was 38, the main vibration was 108.9 MHz, and the sub-vibration mode s was within ⁇ 7 MHz of the main vibration frequency. It can be seen that it is a single-wavelength piezoelectric elastic wave resonance that does not occur.
- FIG. 9 shows a piano-convex based on a single-sided grooved type having a one-step shape unlike the single-sided grooved type having a two-step shape described in Proposed Example 1.
- the figure shows processing means for a convex lens-shaped object having a shape or a concavo-convex shape.
- a single-sided grooved crystal blank of a convex lens-shaped object such as a plano-convex shape or a concavo-convex shape, based on a two-sided single-sided groove shape as described in Proposal Example 1
- the crystal resonator manufactured by using AT-cut is made of AT-cut, for example, with a shape of 100 MHz or more, which is relatively optimal for high frequencies.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows a crystal blank of AT-cut having a thickness of 300 ⁇ m, a length of 12.0 mm and a width of 12.0 mm as a material.
- FIG. 9 (b) shows a state in which a hatched portion in the figure is dissolved using chemical etching to form a one-sided groove shape having a one-step shape.
- FIG. 9 (c) shows a dimensional drawing of a single-sided grooved crystal blank having a one-step shape formed by chemical etching.
- FIG. 9 (d) shows a state in which mechanical polishing is performed by using a double-side polishing machine, as described with reference to FIGS. 1 (e) and (f) in the first proposed example. Since the content is exactly the same as that described above, the description is omitted here.
- FIG. 9 (f) shows the shape of the single-sided grooved crystal blank shown in FIG. 9 (c) that has been changed to a piano-convex shape after polishing for 3 hours using a double-sided polishing machine. Is shown.
- Fig. 9 (g) shows the single-sided grooved crystal blank shown in Fig. 9 (c) using a double-side polishing machine.
- Figure 10 shows that the shape of the vibrating part of the single-sided grooved crystal blank with a one-step shape is a circular shape instead of the shape of the decagonal vibrating part shown in Prior Proposal 2. Things.
- the above-mentioned Proposal 2 is basically for producing a low-frequency crystal resonator of about 1 MHz, and has a plano-convex shape based on a single-step groove having a single-step shape.
- FIG. 11 and Fig. 12 show that the material is AT-cut, even if it is a plano-convex shape or a concavo-convex shape based on a one-sided groove shape with a one-step shape, and the material is AT-cut and 167MHz or higher.
- 3 is a flowchart illustrating that a high-frequency crystal resonator can be manufactured.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal resonator of the fifth prior-art example.
- the blank made of AT-cut material is chemically etched as shown in Figs. 13 (b) and (c) to produce a one-step groove on one side.
- a crystal resonator with a plano-convex shape shown in Fig. 13 (h) or a concavo-convex shape shown in Fig. 13 (i) is manufactured. I do.
- a crystal unit that oscillates at exactly the same frequency at the same time Hundreds of crystal blanks with a perfect circular shape, a circular piano-convex shape, or a concavo-convex shape can be manufactured at a time using a double-side polishing machine (polishing thigh chine). . Therefore, it is possible to manufacture crystal units having the same performance at extremely low cost.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a process of manufacturing another crystal unit of the fifth prior art example.
- the crystal blank with the AT-cut material shown in Fig. 14 (a) was chemically etched as shown in Fig. 14 (b) to produce a one-step single-sided groove. ) and (d), a two-step single-sided grooved type is manufactured by chemical etching, and then, as shown in Fig. 14 (e) and (f), a double-sided polishing machine, a single-sided polishing machine, or other polishing
- the measurement accuracy may be further improved when the concavo-convex shape of a perfect circle or a round shape shown in ()) is used.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-48-83753
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-53-71595
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-48-34494
- Patent Document 4 U.S. Pat.No. 3,617,780
- Patent document 5 JP-A-60-170312
- Patent Document 6 JP-A-2000-317782
- Patent Document 7 International Publication WO 02/07234
- liver cancer-specific protein excreted from the cancer cell that has developed in the liver dissolves in the blood.
- the liver cancer-specific protein dissolved in the blood to be detected using an antigen-antibody reaction, 10- 18 having the above resolution, it is necessary quartz oscillator ultrahigh precision.
- cancer cells unique to each organ are excreted from different organs.
- the 10 18 or more resolution, ultra-high accuracy crystal oscillator, namely Ru required der biosensor the 10 18 or more resolution, ultra-high accuracy crystal oscillator, namely Ru required der biosensor.
- the examination method using radiation (X-ray), which is a common examination means, can only diagnose the radiation (X-ray) at a cellular level.
- a drawback of screening for cancer using radiation is that the radiation (X-rays) itself is a dangerous test method that is considered to be a factor that causes cancer. is there.
- the measurement accuracy is low, it cannot be determined that cancer cells must grow to some extent.
- the present invention is used as a biosensor capable of detecting a protein specific to cancer cells in each organ from blood or plasma using the characteristics of the quartz resonator proposed in Patent Document 7. It is an object of the present invention to provide a crystal resonator and a processing method thereof.
- a first configuration of the present invention is a crystal resonator in which at least two single-stage concave shapes having a single-stage shape are formed on a single crystal substrate.
- a second configuration of the present invention is a crystal resonator in which at least two, two-step or two-step or more steps of a single-sided concave shape are formed on one crystal substrate.
- a third configuration of the present invention is a crystal resonator in which at least two one-stage flat-convex lens shapes are formed on one crystal substrate.
- a fourth configuration of the present invention is a crystal resonator in which at least two concave-convex lens shapes having a one-step shape are formed on a single crystal substrate.
- a fifth configuration of the present invention is a crystal resonator in which at least two steps or two or more steps of a step-shaped flat-convex lens shape are formed on a single crystal substrate.
- a sixth configuration of the present invention is a crystal resonator in which at least two steps or two or more steps of a concave-convex lens shape having at least two steps are formed on one crystal substrate.
- a seventh configuration of the present invention at least two steps, one step, two steps, or two or more steps of stepped concave portions are formed on one surface of one quartz substrate, A flat-convex lens-shaped crystal resonator having a convex lens formed at a position facing the concave portion on the other surface of the crystal resonator.
- a stepped concave lens shape of at least two steps, one step, two steps, or two or more steps is formed on one surface of one quartz substrate,
- a ninth configuration of the present invention is that, after forming at least two one-step concave shapes on one side on a single quartz substrate, a double-side polishing machine, a single-side polishing machine, or other
- This is a method for processing a quartz oscillator that forms a convex lens shape such as a plano-convex lens shape or a concave-convex lens shape using the polishing machine described above.
- a tenth configuration of the present invention is directed to a quartz crystal blank in which at least two, one-step, two-step, or two-step or more steps of a single-sided concave shape are formed on one quartz substrate.
- An eleventh configuration of the present invention is directed to a quartz crystal blank in which at least two, one-step, two-step, or two-step or more steps of a single-sided concave lens shape are formed on one quartz substrate.
- a vapor deposition or other means to connect the electrodes between the concave lens shapes and the concave This is a quartz resonator having a lead wire extending in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the electrode connecting the lens shapes.
- a single-sided concave shape is formed by performing a chemical etching force using hydrofluoric acid or a dry etching force such as a plasma etching force on a quartz substrate.
- a chemical etching force using hydrofluoric acid or a dry etching force such as a plasma etching force
- the amorphous damage layer generated on the quartz substrate is removed using a back and forth, double-side polishing machine, single-side polishing machine, or another polishing machine, and the original quartz crystal is removed.
- a crystal resonator is manufactured by forming two or two or more single-sided grooved vibrating portions of one-step shape or two-step shape on a one-chip crystal blank. I do.
- the cancer cells specific protein that is excreted from cancer cells, if the natural frequency of the quartz resonator of 10-18 or more accurate, the cancer cells, Ru which organ force generated cancers der force , For example, liver cancer, gastric cancer, or lung cancer.
- a natural frequency is placed on a one-chip or two-step one-chip quartz blank.
- a crystal unit with two or more vibrating parts that are infinitely equal.
- the biosensor using the quartz oscillator of the present invention excretes cells other than cancer cells, for example, cells such as O-157, or HIV, HCV, HBV, HTLV_1, coronavirus, or other viruses. It is also suitable for instantaneous measurement of proteins.
- the frequency of each vibration part is not limited. Under the conditions, for example, even if the processing accuracy of the surface of the piezoelectric material such as temperature, humidity, quartz, etc., the angle of the cut surface when cutting the material, the material of the quartz, or other conditions are different, each vibration The same frequency can be oscillated up to the last digit.
- a method of forming a plurality of vibrating portions having exactly the same frequency on a one-chip quartz plate is to form at least two one-stage concave shapes on one quartz substrate in a single-step shape. Then, using a double-sided polishing machine, a single-sided polishing machine, or another polishing machine, a process unique to the present invention for forming a convex lens shape such as a plano-convex lens shape or a concave-convex lens shape is realized. Can be done.
- the frequency of the crystal unit used as a control and the frequency of the crystal unit used to measure a sample can be set to be exactly the same under any conditions, for example, to the last digit. Can not. Brief Description of Drawings
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of a quartz resonator of Proposal Example 1.
- Electrodes are alternately provided on the front and back surfaces of the concave-convex lens-shaped vibrating part of a two-stage quartz crystal resonator processed by the above method, and an AC voltage of 0.6 Vpp is applied between the electrodes.
- the figure is a measurement diagram measured by a network analyzer of model R3765CG manufactured by Advantest.
- FIG. 3 The inside of the concave groove of the single-sided grooved type unpolished crystal blank of the two-step shape manufactured by the above method is manufactured by Zygo's New View 5000 operation type. It is the shape measurement figure measured using the white interferometer.
- FIG. 5 is a shape measurement diagram of the inside of the concave groove portion of the quartz crystal blank of FIG. 4 measured using a Zygo model New View 5000 operated white interferometer.
- Fig. 6 The quartz blank of Fig. 3 was polished for 60 minutes as described above, and the opposite side of the inside of the concave groove portion of the quartz blank was replaced with a Zygo model New View 5000 operated white interferometer. It is the shape measurement figure measured using.
- FIG. 7 is a shape measurement diagram of the inside of the concave groove portion of the crystal blank of FIG. 6 measured using a Zygo model New View 5000 operated white interferometer.
- FIG. 8 Aluminum electrodes are alternately placed on the front and back surfaces of a two-stage quartz crystal blank, the shape of which is shown in Fig. 6 where the front surface is a convex lens shape and Fig. 7 where the back surface is a concave lens shape.
- the photograph of the formed crystal oscillator is shown. This photograph was taken of a Leica model with a Leitz-Dmrm Nomarski differential interference microscope.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit of Prior Proposal Example 2.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit of Prior Proposal Example 3.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of a crystal unit of Prior Proposal Example 4.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of a crystal resonator according to Prior Proposal Example 4.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of a quartz resonator of Prior Proposition Example 5.
- Garden 14] is a flowchart showing the steps for manufacturing the crystal resonator of the prior proposal example 5.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing the steps of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing the steps of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart showing the steps of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the crystal unit according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart showing the steps of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart showing the steps of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 is a three-dimensional stereomicrograph of the quartz oscillator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a three-dimensional stereomicrograph of the quartz oscillator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 The inside of a concave groove portion of a polished quartz blank of a single-sided grooved type having a two-stage shape of the crystal resonator of the third embodiment of the present invention is manufactured by Zygo.
- FIG. 4 is a shape measurement diagram measured using an operation-type white interferometer of View 5000.
- FIG. 34 The inside of a concave groove portion of a polished crystal blank of a single-sided grooved type having a two-stage shape of the crystal resonator of the third embodiment of the present invention is manufactured by Zygo.
- FIG. 4 is a shape measurement diagram measured using an operation-type white interferometer of View 5000.
- FIG. 35 shows resonance frequency characteristics of an unpolished single-sided grooved type crystal blank having a two-stage shape of the crystal resonator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 A single-sided grooved type having a two-stage shape of the crystal resonator of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. 3 shows the resonance frequency characteristics of the polished quartz blank.
- FIG. 37 is a three-dimensional stereomicrograph of a quartz oscillator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 38 shows resonance frequency characteristics of a single-sided grooved type polished quartz crystal blank having a two-stage shape of the quartz oscillator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 39 is a three-dimensional stereomicrograph of a quartz oscillator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 40 shows resonance frequency characteristics of a single-sided grooved type polished quartz crystal blank having a two-stage shape of the quartz oscillator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 41 is a three-dimensional stereomicrograph of the quartz oscillator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 42 shows resonance frequency characteristics of a single-sided grooved type polished quartz crystal blank having a two-stage shape of the quartz oscillator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 43 is a three-dimensional stereoscopic micrograph of a quartz oscillator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 44 shows resonance frequency characteristics of a single-sided grooved type polished quartz blank having a two-stage shape of the quartz resonator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 45 is a three-dimensional stereomicrograph of a quartz oscillator of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 46 is a flowchart showing the steps of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 47 is a flowchart showing the steps of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 48 is a flowchart showing a process of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 49 is a flowchart showing the steps of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 50 is a flowchart showing a process of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 51 is a flowchart showing a process of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 52 is a flowchart showing the steps of manufacturing a crystal resonator according to Example 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 53 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of a crystal resonator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- a crystal resonator When a crystal resonator is used as a noise sensor, as shown in FIGS. 15 to 23, for example, a frequency of 14 . Fabricate two or more (two are shown in the figure) 3MHz single-sided inverted mesa type quartz resonators of exactly the same shape. Then, for example, the crystal oscillator on the left side is used as a control surface sample (control), and the crystal oscillator on the right side is used as a receiver for receiving a receptor for actual sample (for receiving liquid). . As a result, the measurement data of the control surface sample and the comparative power of the receptor for actual sample can be easily and accurately made without error.
- a single-sided inverted mesa type two concave-shaped, one-step-shaped vibrating parts are formed on one one-chip water bunch, and used as a nanosensor. Shows a crystal blank.
- a single-sided inverted mesa type (concave shape) is formed without using the polishing means described in FIG.
- Figs. 16 and 17 show that the crystal blank shown in Fig. 15 is polished for 30 minutes using the processing method described in Fig. 1, for example, using a double-sided polishing machine. This shows a state in which it is processed into a -convex shape (flat-convex lens shape).
- the difference between FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 is that the shape of the base material quartz plate is round or square.
- FIGS. 18 and 19 show a quartz plate in which two vibrating portions are formed in a concave shape (single-sided inverted mesa type) on one quartz plate, with reference to FIG.
- the figure shows a state in which polishing is performed for 60 minutes using a processing means, for example, a double-side polishing machine, to form a concavo-convex shape (concave-convex lens shape).
- a processing means for example, a double-side polishing machine
- the shape of the base material quartz plate is round or square.
- FIGS. 20 and 21 show a crystal resonator in which a single-sided inverted mesa type concave shape, two-stage shape, and two vibrating portions are formed on a single one-chip crystal blank. Shows a crystal blank intended to be used as a biosensor in a state where it is shaped without using the polishing means described in FIG.
- Figs. 22 and 23 show a two-stage polished quartz blank formed with two-stage vibrating parts as described in Figs. 20 and 21, as shown in Fig. 1. This shows a state in which two piano-convex shapes are simultaneously processed into the same convex lens shape by polishing for 30 minutes.
- FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 show two vibrating parts having a two-stage shape shown in FIG. 20 and FIG.
- the formed quartz blank was polished using a double-sided polishing machine for 60 minutes, and two pieces were simultaneously and exactly the same shape in a two-stage concavo-convex shape (concave shape). —Convex lens shape) to show the state.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 and FIGS. 18 and 19 The difference between FIGS. 16 and 17 and FIGS. 18 and 19 is that, while shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, using the double-sided polishing machine shown in FIG. 18 and 19, while only polishing is performed for 60 minutes using the double-sided polishing machine shown in Fig. 1.
- the only difference between FIGS. 22 and 23 and FIGS. 24 and 25 is that the polishing time is 30 minutes and 60 minutes.
- the concavo-convex-shaped convex lens-shaped crystal unit has a lower applied energy than the one-stage, concave-shaped crystal unit shown in Fig. 9-Fig. 13, Fig. 15-Fig. It has a structure that can be used efficiently.
- Figs. 26 and 27 show two crystal oscillators each having a one-step shape, a double-sided inverted mesa type, and a concave shape on both sides, on a single one-chip crystal blank.
- FIG. 4 shows a quartz blank intended for use as a biosensor.
- FIG. 28 and FIG. 29 show two-stage shapes on one one-chip crystal blank
- This figure shows a crystal blank intended to be used as a biosensor by forming two crystal oscillators of double-sided inverted mesa type, both sides of which are concave.
- the electrical characteristics are better if a quartz crystal resonator is completed using a quartz blank in which a vibrating portion having a two-step shape is formed.
- FIG. 30, FIG. 31, FIG. 32, FIG. 33, and FIG. 34 show a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 shows a flowchart and a dimensional diagram of a method for processing the crystal resonator according to the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 31 and 32 show three-dimensional stereoscopic photographs of the crystal unit of Example 3.
- Figs. 33 and 34 show photographs taken by using an operation type white interferometer of the New View 5000 type manufactured by Zygo. As shown in the three-dimensional stereographs of Figs. 31 and 32, the surface formed with two convex lens shapes with a height of 7.89 zm on the quartz plate on one chip is shown in Figs. Figure 34 shows a photograph taken from the back. From this photograph, it was confirmed that a two-step grooved quartz crystal unit was formed.
- Figs. 35 (a) and (b) show the resonance frequency characteristics of the quartz blank without polishing shown in Fig. 30 (a) and (b) of the third embodiment. ing.
- a description will be given of a comparison with a non-polished quartz blank, which is measured and polished using a double-sided polishing machine, using the resonance frequency characteristic as a control.
- Figs. 36 (a) and 36 (b) show the quartz blank shown in the dimensions of Figs. 30 (a) and 30 (b) polished to 6. ⁇ 6 ⁇ from one side and 12. ⁇ from both sides. After processing, measure the resonance frequency characteristics. Is shown.
- FIG. 37 is a photograph of the shape of the quartz blank used to measure the resonance frequency characteristics shown in FIG. 36, taken using a three-dimensional stereo microscope. According to the three-dimensional stereoscopic micrograph, it was confirmed that the height of 7.89 xm was raised to form two convex lens shapes having exactly the same shape.
- Figs. 38 (a) and 38 (b) show the quartz blank shown in the dimensional drawings of Figs. 30 (a) and 30 (b) polished 10.0 xm from one side and 20. Oxm from both sides. A measurement diagram of the resonance frequency characteristic is shown later.
- FIG. 39 is a photograph of the shape of the quartz blank used to measure the resonance frequency characteristics shown in FIG. 38, taken using a three-dimensional stereo microscope. According to the three-dimensional stereomicroscope photograph, it was confirmed that the height of 12.17 xm was raised to form two convex lens shapes having exactly the same shape.
- Figs. 40 (a) and (b) show the crystal blanks shown in the dimensional drawings of Figs. 30 (a) and (b), which were polished 20. ⁇ from one side and 40. ⁇ from both sides. The measured diagram of the resonance frequency characteristics after the test is shown.
- FIG. 41 is a photograph of the shape of the quartz blank used to measure the resonance frequency characteristics shown in FIG. 40, taken using a three-dimensional stereo microscope. According to the three-dimensional stereomicroscope photograph, it was confirmed that the height of 18.61 xm was raised and two convex lens shapes having exactly the same shape were formed.
- Figs. 42 (a) and 42 (b) show the quartz blank shown in the dimensional drawings of Figs. 30 (a) and 30 (b) polished by 30.0 xm from one side and 60. Oxm from both sides. The measured diagram of the resonance frequency characteristics after the test is shown.
- FIG. 43 is a photograph of the shape of the quartz blank used to measure the resonance frequency characteristics shown in FIG. 42, taken using a three-dimensional stereo microscope. According to the three-dimensional stereomicroscope photograph, it was confirmed that the height of 21.95 xm was raised to form two convex lens shapes having exactly the same shape.
- Figs. 44 (a) and (b) show the crystal blank shown in the dimensional drawings of Figs. 30 (a) and (b), which was polished by 32. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ from one side and 64. ⁇ from both sides. Diagram of resonance frequency characteristics after Is shown.
- FIG. 45 is a photograph of the shape of the quartz blank used to measure the resonance frequency characteristics shown in FIG. 44, taken using a three-dimensional stereo microscope. According to the three-dimensional stereomicroscope photograph, it was confirmed that the height of 23.10 x m was raised to form two convex lens shapes having exactly the same shape.
- FIG. 36 shows the results shown in FIG. Tsukuda Jiki et al. 12.Oxm polished, after which, as shown in Fig. 37, the resonance frequency characteristics of a quartz blank with 7.89 ⁇ raised and a convex lens shape were confirmed. Comparing with FIG. 36, it was confirmed that the sub-vibration was separated from the main vibration in the measurement diagram of the polished quartz blank shown in FIG.
- Fig. 38. 20 Using the resonance frequency characteristic diagram obtained by measuring the unpolished crystal blank shown in Fig. 35 as a control, the result is shown in Fig. 38. 20. After performing O / im polishing calorie measurement, as shown in Fig. 39, measured the resonant frequency characteristics of the quartz blank with the convex lens shape confirmed using the 12.17 ⁇ build-up force S. In comparison with the figure, the measurement diagram of the polished quartz blank shown in Fig. 38 shows that the sub-vibration moves away from the main vibration more than the measurement diagram shown in Fig. 36. Was confirmed.
- the resonance frequency characteristic diagram of the unpolished crystal blank shown in Fig. 35 was used as a control, and shown in Fig. 40. 40.
- the measured figure of the resonance frequency characteristic of the quartz blank with the convex lens shape confirmed using 18.61 xm ascending force was obtained.
- the measurement diagram of the polished quartz blank shown in Fig. 40 confirmed that the sub-vibration moved further away from the main vibration than the measurement diagram of Fig. 38. Was done.
- the resonance frequency characteristic diagram obtained by measuring the unpolished quartz blank shown in Fig. 35 was used as a control, and Fig. 44 shows the results. After performing the 64.0 ⁇ m polishing process, as shown in Fig. 45, the measured figure of the resonance frequency characteristics of the quartz blank with a raised convex shape of 23.10 xm and a convex lens shape was confirmed. In comparison, the measurement diagram of the polished quartz blank shown in FIG. 44 is one step higher than the measurement diagram of FIG. 42, and the sub-vibration moves away from the main vibration. Was confirmed.
- FIG. 46—FIG. 51 shows Example 4 of the present invention, in which a single-sided inverted mesa type ( This shows a state in which a quartz blank with two quartz resonators (concave shape) formed in parallel has been turned into a convex lens-shaped quartz blank by polishing up and down using a double-sided polishing machine. ing.
- the difference between FIG. 46 and FIG. 47 is that the polishing time required for polishing using a double-sided polishing machine, and in the case of FIG. This shows the state changed to blank.
- the polishing time for polishing using a double-sided polishing machine was set to 24 hours, so that a quartz blank with a concave-convex lens shape was used. Shows the changed state.
- FIG. 48 and FIG. 49 are the same as the contents described in FIG. 46 and FIG. 47, and thus description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 46 and FIG. 47 and FIG. 48 and FIG. 49 The difference between FIG. 46 and FIG. 47 and FIG. 48 and FIG. 49 is that, for example, the cutting direction of the AT-cut, that is, the cutting direction of the crystal axis (X-axis) of quartz is different, It shows that the places where you can do it are different. This is necessary when determining the direction in which the electrodes are formed.
- FIGs. 50 and 51 show a case where two single-sided inverted mesa type quartz resonators each having a one-stage shape are formed in parallel on one quartz blank (one chip). Is shown.
- FIG. 51 is different in that two crystal resonators having a round shape are formed in contact with each other, whereas FIG. 50 is different in that the two crystal resonators are separately formed.
- Fig. 46-Fig. 51 two or two or more pieces of one-stage shape are arranged in parallel or in series on one quartz plate (one chip).
- the first problem with forming a concave-shaped quartz resonator is the method of alternately forming electrodes on the front and back surfaces using vapor deposition.
- the direction in which the lead wire for applying voltage to the electrode is derived depends on the crystal axis direction (X-axis) of the quartz crystal.
- leads are formed by alternately forming electrodes from the back surface, as shown in Figs. 46, 47 and 50, two concave quartz crystals formed in parallel on a quartz plate
- the front side of the blank is facing upward or downward, and the back side is facing up and down or both left and right. In other words, it is impossible to apply a voltage to the electrode other than to derive a lead wire for applying a voltage to the electrode.
- the direction in which the lead wire is derived is as follows: A concave crystal having at least two one-stage shapes, two-stage shapes, or two-stage shapes or more formed on a quartz substrate. If electrodes are to be formed on a surface with a concave or concave lens shape using a bran hood, vapor deposition or other means, as shown in Figure 46, Figure 47 and Figure 50, In addition to forming the lead wire from the electrode in the upward or downward direction perpendicular to the axis connecting the concave shape and the concave shape or the concave lens shape and the concave lens shape, the lead wire from the electrode Can not be pulled out.
- the inclined surface When the inclined surface is formed in the directions shown in FIGS. 48 and 49, the inclined surface is formed in the same lateral direction, and therefore, the directional force for guiding the lead wire for applying voltage to the electrode is exactly the same. Since the direction is the left side or the right side, the lead wire cannot be led out. Therefore, the shapes shown in Fig. 48 and Fig. 49 are crystal resonators in which two or more plural concave crystal resonators are formed in parallel or in series on a single crystal plate. It can be said that the shape cannot be completed.
- Figs. 46, 47 and 50 To complete two or more concave crystal oscillators in parallel or in series on a single quartz plate, see Figs. 46, 47 and 50. As shown, it is concluded that a quartz crystal cannot be completed except to form a quartz blank, whose surface is inclined upward or downward toward the quartz plate. In order to confirm whether the surface forms an inclined surface upward or downward toward the quartz plate, or whether the inclined surface forms the inclined surface, see Fig. 46 and Fig. As shown in Fig. 47 and Fig. 50, a corner cut of 0.6mm is provided only at one location on the quartz plate. By providing this corner cut, it is easy to identify the direction of the inclined surface formed on the surface of two or more concave quartz crystal blanks in parallel or in series. It has become possible.
- FIGS. 52 and 53 show Example 5 of the present invention, in which a single-sided inverted mesa type (concave) having a two-stage shape was placed on one crystal blank (one chip). 2) This shows a state in which the quartz crystal blank having the quartz resonators formed in parallel has been polished from above and below using a double-sided polishing machine, so that the quartz blank has a convex lens shape.
- FIG. 52 and FIG. 53 are the same as the contents of the differences described in FIG. 46 and FIG.
- a single-sided groove having a two-step shape and a single-sided groove having a one-step shape were formed using scientific etching for convenience. Using a process such as plasma etching or ion etching or other accelerated protons, electrons, etc., to create a two-step or two-step or more step-shaped single-sided grooved quartz blank You can also.
- Example 1-5 an example in which an AT-cut quartz blank was used as a material was shown for convenience, but other than AT-cut, for example, BT-cut, SC_cut, or other A cut crystal may be used. Further, besides quartz, for example, langasite, fused silica (ftised silica) or other piezoelectric materials may be used as a material.
- Embodiments 1 to 5 the example in which the polishing is performed using a double-side polishing machine for convenience is shown.
- a convex lens shape By changing from a mold blank (concave blank) to piano-convex, concavo-convex, etc., a convex lens shape can be created.
- a single-sided groove having a two-step shape and a single-sided groove having a one-step shape were conveniently formed by chemical etching using hydrofluoric acid or the like.
- a step shape such as a two-step shape or more, for example, a three-step shape, a four-step shape, or the like can also be used.
- the aperture ratio was extremely small, and an Inverted mesa type could be manufactured. This will enable the production of ultrahigh-frequency crystal oscillators of GHz or more in the future.
- a quartz blank having a one-step shape or a two-step or more step-like shape is manufactured by using hydrofluoric acid by chemical etching or dry etching
- a hydrofluoric acid or plasma is obtained. Due to such an action, a damaged layer (amorphous layer) of about 0.2 ⁇ m is generated by the chemical etching or dry etching.
- the damaged layer having a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m is polished from above and below or from one side using a double-side polishing machine, a single-side polishing machine, or other polishing means, so that the damage layer has a thickness of about 0 ⁇ m. Since the front and rear parts were removed, we found that the electrical characteristics of the crystal unit were further improved.
- the present invention provides, as a quartz oscillator having two or two or more vibrating parts formed on a one-chip quartz plate, cancer cells, Itoda vesicles such as O-157, or It can be used as a biosensor for detecting proteins excreted by HIV, HCV, HBV, HTLV-1, coronavirus, or other viruses.
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JP2003305463A JP2005045751A (ja) | 2003-07-26 | 2003-07-26 | 溝型凹−凸レンズ形状水晶振動子 |
JP2003-305463 | 2003-07-26 | ||
JP2003400669A JP2005130426A (ja) | 2003-10-23 | 2003-10-23 | 2段階形状をした溝形水晶振動子の開発 |
JP2003-400669 | 2003-10-23 | ||
JP2004-059776 | 2004-02-02 | ||
JP2004059776A JP2005218077A (ja) | 2004-02-02 | 2004-02-02 | 2段階形状をした溝形水晶振動子の開発 |
JP2004235664 | 2004-07-14 | ||
JP2004-235664 | 2004-07-14 | ||
JP2004-240176 | 2004-07-22 | ||
JP2004240176A JP2006042292A (ja) | 2004-07-22 | 2004-07-22 | 1枚の水晶基板上に2個以上の凹形状を形成した水晶振動子 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS4516438Y1 (ja) * | 1968-02-19 | 1970-07-08 | ||
JPS4828157A (ja) * | 1971-08-16 | 1973-04-13 | ||
JPS4883752A (ja) * | 1972-02-07 | 1973-11-08 | ||
JPS4883753A (ja) * | 1972-02-08 | 1973-11-08 | ||
JPH06138125A (ja) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-05-20 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 水晶振動子を用いた抗原抗体反応の測定法 |
JP2002368572A (ja) * | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-20 | Yoshiaki Nagaura | 圧電素子、又は電子素材、及び音響−電気変換器、及びその製造方法 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS4516438Y1 (ja) * | 1968-02-19 | 1970-07-08 | ||
JPS4828157A (ja) * | 1971-08-16 | 1973-04-13 | ||
JPS4883752A (ja) * | 1972-02-07 | 1973-11-08 | ||
JPS4883753A (ja) * | 1972-02-08 | 1973-11-08 | ||
JPH06138125A (ja) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-05-20 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 水晶振動子を用いた抗原抗体反応の測定法 |
JP2002368572A (ja) * | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-20 | Yoshiaki Nagaura | 圧電素子、又は電子素材、及び音響−電気変換器、及びその製造方法 |
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