Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
  • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
  • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
  • G06F21/101—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM] by binding digital rights to specific entities
  • G06F21/1012—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM] by binding digital rights to specific entities to domains
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
  • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
  • G06F21/31—User authentication
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
  • H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
  • H04L63/0823—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using certificates
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
  • H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
  • H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
  • H04L63/101—Access control lists [ACL]
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
  • G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
  • G06F2221/2129—Authenticate client device independently of the user
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
  • G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
  • G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
  • G11B20/00731—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a digital rights management system for enforcing a usage restriction
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
  • G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
  • G11B20/00855—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a step of exchanging information with a remote server
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L2463/00—Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00
  • H04L2463/101—Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00 applying security measures for digital rights management
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
  • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
  • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method of generating an Authorized Domain.
• the invention further relates to a system for generating an Authorized Domain. Further, the invention relates to a computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions for causing one or more processing units to execute the method according to the invention.
• a home network can be defined as a set of devices that are interconnected using some kind of network technology (e.g. Ethernet, IEEE 1394, BlueTooth, 802.Hb, 802.1 lg, etc.). Although network technology allows the different devices to communicate, this is not enough to allow devices to interoperate. To be able to do this, devices need to be able to discover and address the functions present in the other devices in the network.
• CA conditional access
• DRM Digital Rights Management
• Such interoperability is provided by home networking middleware.
• home networking middleware examples are Jini, HAVi, UPnP, AVC.
• the concept of Authorized Domains (ADs) tries to find a solution to both serve the interests of the content owners (that want protection of their copyrights) and the content consumers (that want unrestricted use of the content).
• the basic principle is to have a controlled network environment in which content can be used relatively freely as long as it does not cross the border of the authorized domain.
• authorized domains are centered around the home environment, also referred to as home networks. Of course, other scenarios are also possible.
• a user could for example take a portable device for audio and/or video with a limited amount of content with him on a trip, and use it in his hotel room to access or download additional content stored on his personal audio and/or video system at home. Even though the portable device is outside the home network, it is a part of the user's authorized domain.
• an Authorized Domain is a system that allows access to content by devices in the domain, but not by any others.
• a further example of a device based AD is e.g. given in European patent application serial number 02076998.0 (attorney docket PHNL020455) by the same applicant.
• the domain is formed by a specific set of devices and content. Only the specific set of devices of the domain is allowed to access, use, etc. the content of that domain. There is not made any distinction of the various users of the specific set of devices.
• a drawback of device based AD systems is that they typically do not provide the typical flexibility that a user wants or need, since users are restricted to a particular and limited set of devices. In this way, a user is not allowed to exercise the rights that the user has obtained anytime and anywhere he chooses.
• Person based Authorized Domains typically offer easier domain management compared to device based ADs.
• person based systems require person identification which is not always convenient or preferred by users.
• a visitor to your home may want to access your content. As he does not have a person id device for that domain it is not possible for him to access content. It would be preferred if devices in the home belonging to the domain could enable access of domain content by the visitor. Therefore there is a need for a hybrid person and device based authorized domain having the individual advantages of each system.
• An additional object is to provide a method and system solving the above-mentioned shortcomings of prior art.
• a further object is to provide this in a simple, flexible and efficient way.
• the method further comprises the step of binding at least one content item to the Authorized Domain given by the domain identifier.
• the step of binding at least one user to the domain identifier comprises: obtaining or generating a Domain Users List (DUC) comprising the domain identifier and a unique identifier for a user thereby defining that the user is bound to the Authorized Domain and/or the step of binding at least one device to the domain identifier comprises: obtaining or generating a Domain Devices List comprising the domain identifier and a unique identifier for a device thereby defining that the device is bound to the domain.
• DUC Domain Users List
• the step of binding at least one content item to the Authorized Domain comprises: - binding a content item to a User Right, where said User Right is bound to a user bound to the Authorized Domain, and/or - binding a content item to a Device Right, where said Device Right is bound to a device bound to the Authorized Domain.
• the step of binding at least one content item to the Authorized Domain comprises: - binding a content item to a Domain Right, where said Domain Right is bound to the Authorized Domain.
• the User Right or the Device Right or the Domain Rights comprises rights data representing which rights exists in relation to the at least one content item bound to the User Right or the Device Right or the Domain Rights.
• the method further comprises the step of controlling access to a given content item bound to the Authorized Domain by a given device being operated by a given user, the step comprising: - checking if the given user is bound to the same Authorized Domain as the given content item, or - checking if the given device is bound to the same Authorized Domain as the given content item, and allowing access for the given user via the given device and/or other devices to the content item if the given user is bound to the same Authorized Domain, or allowing access for the given user and/or other users via the given device to the content item if the given device is part of the same Authorized Domain.
• the method further comprises the step of controlling access to a given content item, being bound to the Authorized Domain and having a unique content identifier, by a given device being operated by a given user comprising: - checking if the Domain Devices List of the Authorized Domain comprises an identifier of the given device, thereby checking if the given device is bound to the same Authorized Domain as the content item, and/or - checking if the Domain User List of the Authorized Domain comprises an identifier of the given user thereby checking if the given user is bound to the same Authorized Domain as the content item, - and allowing access to the given content item by the given device for any user if the given device is bound to the same Authorized Domain as the content item being accessed, and/or - allowing access to the given content item by any device including the given device for the given user if the given user is bound to the same Authorized Domain as the content item being accessed.
• the step of controlling access of a given content item further comprises: - checking that the User Right for the given content item specifies that the given user has the right to access the given content item and only allowing access to the given content item in the affirmative.
• every content item is encrypted and that a content right is bound to each content item and to a User Right or a Device Rights or a Domain Rights, and that the content right of a given content item comprises an decryption key for decrypting the given content item.
• - the Domain Users List is implemented as or included in a Domain Users Certificate
• - the Domain Devices List is implemented as or included in a Domain Devices Certificate
• - the User Right is implemented as or included in a User Right Certificate
• - the Device Right is implemented as or included in a Device Right Certificate
• - the Domain Rights is implemented/included in a Domain Rights Certificate.
• Figure 1 schematically illustrates binding of persons, devices, user rights, and content in an authorized domain (AD) according to the present invention
• Figure 2 schematically illustrates binding of persons, devices, user rights and content in an authorized domain (AD) according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 3 schematically illustrate the elements of a Domain Devices Certificate (DDC) and of a Domain Users Certificate (DUC)
• Figure 4a illustrates an exemplary (partial) data structure of a content container, a content right (CR) and a user right certificate (URC) according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 1
• Figure 4b illustrates an exemplary (partial) data structure of a content container, a content right (CR) and a Domain Rights Certificate (DRC) according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 2
• Figure 5 schematically illustrate an exemplary system comprising devices and persons forming an authorized domain (AD).
• FIG. 1 schematically illustrates binding of persons, devices, user rights and content in an authorized domain (AD) according to the present invention. Shown are an authorized domain (100) according to the present invention where a number of devices Dl, D2, D3, ..., DM (where M is equal to or larger than 1), a number of content items Cl, C2, C3, ..., CN 2 (where N is equal to or larger than 1) and a number of persons/users PI, P2, P3, ..., PNi (where Ni is equal to or larger than 1) is bound to the AD according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• the devices, persons, and content items have been bound to the domain (100), as will be explained later. Also shown are one or more user rights (URC1, ...
• URCN where preferably one content item is associated with one user right certificate specifying which rights a given person (or alternatively a given group of persons and/or all persons bound to the domain (100)) have in relation to the specific content item (or alternatively, several or all content items in the domain (100)).
• the reader is referred to European patent application serial number 01204668.6 (attorney docket PHNL010880) by the same applicant or European patent application serial number 02076998.0 (attorney docket PHNL020455) by the same applicant.
• European patent application serial number 02076998.0 (attorney docket PHNL020445) more specifically describes an implementation in which content and devices are coupled to a domain. Additionally, European patent application serial number 02079390.7 (attorney docket PHNL021063) by the same applicant describes an implementation in which content is coupled to persons which then are grouped into a domain. Please note that in practice content can only be accessed/used by means of a user operating a device. In the following text we assume that devices used in the system are compliant and "public" devices. This means that a device will adhere to certain operation rules (e.g. will not illegally output content on an unprotected digital interface) and that ownership of a device is not important (public).
• the user right (URCl, ... URCN 2 ) is a single connection, binding, coupling etc. between one user and a content right (which is required to decrypt a piece of content).
• - content (Cl, C2, C3, ..., CN 2 ): content items are preferably encrypted (there are many options, for example with a unique key per content title) and can be anywhere in the system; a content item is in this embodiment linked indirectly to a user right certificate via a content right, as also explained in connection with Figure 4a.
• - content right (CR; not shown; see e.g. Figure 4a): contains cryptographic key(s) or other suitable protection means to access a certain (encrypted/protected) content item.
• the system is flexible in the sense that content rights can be made unique per content title or even unique per specimen (copy) of content.
• Content rights should be only transferred to compliant devices.
• a more secure rule is to enforce that content rights may be only transferred to compliant devices that are operated by authorized users (i.e. users that are authorized to have access to the specific content right by means of their user rights).
• Content rights might also be stored together with the content on for example an optical disk. However, content rights must be stored securely since they contain the content decryption key.
• - user right certificate (URCl, ... URCN 2 ): a certificate or the like issued by the content provider that authorizes a person to use a certain content right (CR) (belonging to a certain piece of content).
• User rights can be in principle anywhere in the system.
• the user right certificate also comprises rules (e.g. restricted to viewers 18 years or older, or European market only, etc.) of access to a certain content item.
• - device (Dl, D2, D3, ..., DM): a device that is used to play, operate, record, present, display, modify, etc. a content item.
• a (compliant) device can also preferably identify a user by means of a personalized identification device (e.g. such as a smart-card, a mobile phone, a biometric sensor, etc.) and collect certificates (e.g. from the smartcard, or from other devices) that prove that the user is allowed to use a certain content right. This content right could be obtained from the smart-card where it was stored (if it was stored there), or be obtained (securely transferred) from another compliant device on a network.
• - user/person P 1 , P2, P3 , ...
• a user is identified by some biometric or preferably by a personalized identification device (e.g. a smartcard, mobile phone, a mobile phone containing a smartcard or other types of devices that uniquely identifies a user) that he/she is wearing, carrying or has access to.
• a personalized identification device e.g. a smartcard, mobile phone, a mobile phone containing a smartcard or other types of devices that uniquely identifies a user
• a mobile phone comprising a smart card or another device having storage means is preferred since it allows users to carry rights with them (for accessing content on off-line devices).
• the identification device may itself be protected by a biometric authentication mechanism, so that anyone other than the legitimate owner cannot use the identification device.
• a user may also be identified using public key technology or zero-knowledge protocols or a combination thereof.
• authorized devices are bound to the AD (100) by a certificate.
• authorized persons/users are preferably also bound to the AD (100) via certificates.
• Content items are, in this particular embodiment, bound to a person by means of a user right certificate (URC).
• URC user right certificate
• This user right certificate enables the use of a corresponding content right (CR) that preferably contains a cryptographic key for accessing the content, as will be explained in greater detail in connection with Figure 4a.
• a user right certificate (URC) is typically linked with one content item, but could also be linked with multiple content items.
• An exemplary partial data structure of a content container (contains a content item), a URC and a CR are shown and explained in greater detail in connection with Figure 4a.
• Domain certificates are preferably issued by a domain authority. Alternatively, compliant devices with domain management capabilities can manage these certificates.
• each content item Cl, C2, ..., CN 2 is coupled to a user right certificate URCl, URC2, ..., URC N 2 .
• URCl and URC2 are coupled to person PI
• URC . 2 , URC 2 _ ⁇ and URC 2 are coupled to person PNi
• URC4-URC 2 . 3 are distributed among person(s) P3 -PN M .
• specific content Cl and C2 are coupled to a specific person PI
• specific content CN . 2 , CN 2 . ⁇ and CN 2 are coupled to a specific person PNi
• specific content C4-CN 2 are coupled to a user right certificate URCl, URC2, ..., URC N 2 .
• URCl and URC2 are coupled to person PI
• URC . 2 , URC 2 _ ⁇ and URC 2 are coupled to
• a single content item is only allowed to be coupled to a single URC (indirectly via a content right) and thereby a single person. If several users needs a copy of the same content item it would in this embodiment be present once for each user and treated as different content items, which make rights management simpler.
• a single content item could be coupled to more than one person, as a CR can be linked to multiple URCs.
• Persons PI, P2, ..., PNi and Domain devices Dl, D2, ..., DM are then grouped into forming the authorized domain (100).
• the binding i.e.
• DDC Domain Devices Certificate or Domain Devices List
• DUC Domain Users Certificate or Domain Users List
• URC User Right Certificate or User Right List
• the DDC lists the device(s), which are part of the domain (100), e.g. by comprising for each device a unique identifier.
• the DUC lists the user(s), which are part of the domain, e.g. by comprising a unique identifier or a (e.g.
• the URC preferably exist for each content item (so in the exemplary embodiment of Figure 1 there are N 2 URCs) and indicates which rights the user (that the URC is linked to) has (and/or does not have) within the domain (100), and optionally a cross domain (X-AD rights), for the given content item linked to the URC.
• N 2 URCs indicates which rights the user (that the URC is linked to) has (and/or does not have) within the domain (100), and optionally a cross domain (X-AD rights), for the given content item linked to the URC.
• an URC coupled to a given user e.g. lists each content item that is coupled to the given user and what rights the given user has in relation to each coupled content item.
• only a single URC is used specifying the rights for every user, i.e.
• the DDC and DUC are associated with each other by means of a Domain Identifier (DomainJ-D) contained in both certificates.
• DomainJ-D Domain Identifier
• a very simple way of linking the user(s) (and thereby the content item(s)) and the device(s) of a given domain together (and thereby forming the domain) is obtained.
• a specific device e.g. device D3 wants to access a certain piece of content (e.g. content Cl) it has to be proved or checked, etc. (using the certificates) that the certain piece of content is coupled to a specific person (e.g.
• the Domain ID may instead of being a random number be a reference to a data object e.g. a domain certificate.
• a data object e.g. a domain certificate.
• the domain may comprise zero persons and/or zero devices and/or zero content items during some points.
• the domain may comprise zero content items or zero devices bound to the domain, etc.
• a user that has been verified as belonging to the same domain as the content item being accessed may access the specific content using any device.
• a user that is using a device that has been verified as belonging to the same domain as the content item being accessed may access the specific content using that specific device. Further all users may access the specific content item on that specific device.
• the content may be bound to the devices of the domain instead of to the persons of the domain.
• a Device Right Certificate (DevRC) (not shown) is used.
• the Device Right Certificate (DevRC) would then have the same content as the URC with the exception of a Device ID instead of a Person ID. The rest is un-changed.
• both devices and users could be comprised in a single list/certificate. Further, several lists/certificates comprising devices and/or several lists/certificates comprising users and/or combinations thereof may be used just as well.
• FIG. 2 schematically illustrates binding of persons, devices, user rights and content in an authorized domain (AD) according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
• This shown embodiment corresponds to the one shown in Figure 1 with the only exception that instead of coupling content items Cl, C2, ..., CN 2 to persons PI, P2, ...., PNi via user right certificates URCl, URC2, ..., URC N 2 , the content items are coupled to the domain (100) via one or more Domain Rights (DRC).
• DRC Domain Rights
• one content item is coupled to one DRC.
• the DRC is implemented as a certificate. If a specific device (e.g. device D3), in this embodiment, wants to access a certain piece of content (e.g.
• the certain piece of content is coupled to the same domain (100) as the specific device or that a specific person (e.g. person PI) operating the device is a member of the domain.
• This may in this embodiment e.g. be done by checking that an (unique) identifier of the specific device is part of the DDC or that an (unique) identifier of the specific person is part of the DUC.
• the certain piece of content is coupled to a DRC that is part of the domain and that the DDC or the DUC comprises the same Domain Identifier, and that the DRC for the specific content specifies that a person of the domain has the right to access the certain piece of content (e.g.
• FIG. 3 schematically illustrate the elements of a Domain Devices Certificate (DDC) and of a Domain Users Certificate (DUC).
• the Domain Devices Certificate comprises a listing of unique identifiers (Dev.IDl, Dev.ID2, ...) for one or more devices belonging to a given domain, i.e. being authorized devices in the domain.
• the device identifier for a given device e.g.
• Dev.IDl is an (unchangeable at least by users) serial or ID number, etc.
• the given domain is specified by the value of the Domain ID, which e.g. may be an 8 byte random identifier.
• Certificates according to the present invention could e.g. be implemented by the well-known SPKI authorization certificate. Additionally, one useful option is to put a DomainJ-D in a holder field of such a SPKI certificate implementing the DDC, the DUC and/or the DRC.
• the Domain Users Certificate (DUC) comprises a listing of unique identifiers (PersJ-Dl, Pers_ID2, ...) for one or more users/persons belonging to the given domain, i.e. being authorized users in the domain.
• FIG. 4a illustrates an exemplary (partial) data structure of a content container, a content right (CR) and a user right certificate (URC) according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 1.
• a content container 501
• the content container further comprises a content identifier (Cont_ID) unique for the particular content item embedded in the content container.
• the content identifier (ContJ-D) is used to locate a given content item of the domain, e.g. by searching every content container belonging to the specific domain for a matching ContJ-D.
• a content right (CR) (502) comprising a content identifier (Cont_ID) and a content encryption key (Cont Encr K).
• the content identifier is used to establish a link to the encrypted content item (in a content container) that the content encryption key is for, i.e. the content that the key is needed to de-crypt and thereby enable access to.
• the encryption key is a symmetrical key, i.e. the same key is used to both encrypt and decrypt data. Alternatively, other secure schemes may be used.
• UR user right
• URC User Right Certificate
• URC comprises a content identifier (ContJ-D) used for linking a specific content item (and content right) with a specific URC.
• the URC also comprises a person/user identifier (Pers_ID) that indicates which person the specific content is bound to.
• the person/user identifier could e.g. be an ID or serial number for a given person, a name, a hash value of a public key of the user or in general any unique identifier of a person.
• the URC comprises rights data (Rghts Dat) that define what the given user (as identified by the Pers_ID) is allowed to do in relation with the specific content item (contained in the content container comprising the same Cont_ID). These rights data may e.g.
• the rights data may also define what all users are allowed to do in relation with the specific content item (which may be the same or different than the rights of the person identified by Pers_ID).
• the well-known SPKI authorization certificate could be used to implement such a URC.
• content is linked via devices to the domain in stead of via persons, no URC would be needed, but a Device Right Certificate, that would be the same as the URC except that it contains a Device ID instead of a Person ID.
• a content right (CR) and a user right certificate (URC) according to this embodiment of the present invention consider the following simple example illustrating access to a content item by a user.
• the content identifier (ContJ-D) for the given content item that the user wants to access and the person identifier (PersJ-D) of the user are obtained.
• the person identifier may e.g. be obtained on the basis of a personalized identification device (e.g. a smart card, mobile phone, a mobile phone containing a smartcard, a biometric sensor, etc. or in another way).
• the content identifier may e.g.
• the rights data (Rghts Dat) of the URC may also specify a restricted access to the content item.
• the rights data may specify rules, rights, conditions for the person identified with Pers_ID and/or rules, rights, conditions in general. For example, it could specify that that every user in the domain has play rights while the user linked via PersJ-D in addition has exclusive first generation copy rights. Usually, the user will obtain access to the content item using a specific device.
• the user is not part of the domain or no valid user ID can be obtained (e.g. because it is a friend accessing the content)
• This Domain D is used to determine a Domain Devices Certificate (DDC) (shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3) comprising the same Domain_ID and checking if the DDC comprises a Dev.
• DDC Domain Devices Certificate
• the DDC comprises a Dev. ID for the specific device then the user (and all other users) may use the specific device to access the specific content (and all other content of that domain).
• the obtained content identifier is used to locate the content right (CR) of the specific content item being accessed in order to obtain the cryptographic key that has to be used to decrypt the encrypted content item.
• the content container comprising the encrypted content item is also located using the content identifier.
• the key in the content right is used to decrypt the content item which is now accessible, e.g. for rendering, copying on an optical disk, editing, etc.
• the content item may also be decrypted using the content right before sending it to the device for access, whereby only the content item needs to be transmitted.
• this requires special measures in order to protect the content item during transfer so that it is not possible to 'leak' the unprotected content. This process is illustrated in Figure 4a by the arrows linking the Cont_ID of the various structures.
• Figure 4b illustrates an exemplary (partial) data structure of a content container, a content right (CR) and a Domain Rights Certificate (DRC) according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 2.
• content items are bound to the domain via a DRC and not to users (via a URC) of the domain.
• a content container 501
• a content right CR
• 502 a content right
• a Domain Rights Certificate 504
• Cont_ID content identifier
• the DRC also comprises a domain identifier (DomainJ-D) that indicates which domain the specific content is bound to.
• the domain identifier corresponds to the one in the Domain Devices Certificate (DDC) and the Domain Users Certificate (DUC) explained in connection with Figures 1, 2 and 3.
• the DRC (504) comprises rights data (Rghts Dat) that define what a or more users are allowed to do in relation with the specific content item (contained in the content container comprising the same ContJ-D). These rights data correspond to the rights data of the URC explained in connection with Figure 4a.
• a content right and a domain rights certificate according to this embodiment of the present invention consider the following simple example illustrating access on a specific device to a content item by a user.
• the content identifier (Cont_ID) for the given content item that the user wants to access, the person identifier (Pers_ID) of the user and the domain identifier (Domain_ID) of the domain containing the content item are obtained.
• the content identifier and the person identifier may be obtained as described in connection with Figure 4a.
• the domain identifier (Domain_ID) is obtained from the DomainJ-D of the DRC that the content is bound to. It is checked if the content item and the user belong to the (same) Authorized Domain. Checking whether a user belongs to a domain is done by checking if the person identifier (Pers_ID) is comprised in a Domain Users Certificate (DUC) (as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3) having the specific domain identifier. If so, then it has been verified that the user is part of the domain and is allowed to access content also being a part of the same domain.
• DUC Domain Users Certificate
• the given content item also belongs to the same domain, by checking if the content identifier of the content item is bound to the same domain, i.e. by checking whether there exist a DRC bound to the domain that comprises the same content identifier. If so, then the content item belongs to the same domain and the user (given that the user and/or the device that is used have been verified) therefore has the right to access it. Further, the rights data (Rghts Dat) of the DRC may also specify a restricted access to the content item, as described in connection with Figure 4a. Usually, the user will obtain access to the content item using a specific device.
• the user is not part of the domain or no valid user ID can be obtained (e.g. because it is a friend accessing the content)
• This is done by obtaining the DomainJ-D of the DRC that the content was bound to.
• This Domain l-D is used to determine a Domain Devices Certificate (DDC) (shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3) comprising the same DomainJ-D and checking if the DDC comprises a Dev. ID for the specific device that the user is trying to use to access the content item.
• DDC Domain Devices Certificate
• the DDC comprises a Dev. ID for the specific device
• the user and all other users may use the specific device to access the specific content (and all other content of that domain).
• These three steps of validating access to the content item, the user and the device may alternatively be done in another order than the one described and e.g. also in parallel at least to a certain extent.
• the content item is accessed as described in connection with Figure 4a, i.e. obtaining the content right and decrypting the content, etc.
• Figure 4b schematically illustrate an exemplary system comprising devices and persons forming an authorized domain (AD).
• Devices in the example is a television set (504), a digital video system (503), a music set (502) and a portable device (507) that is in wireless communication with the network (101) via a wireless access point (506).
• a user/person (505) Further shown is a user/person (505).
• an Authorized Domain (100) has the television set (504), the digital video (503), the music set (502) and the user (505) bound to it in addition to a number of content items (not shown) (bound according to Fig.l via persons/users or via devices or bound according to Fig. 1 via Domain Rights Certificate).
• the user wants to access a given content item on the portable device (507). He may be located the same place as the devices or at another place (e.g. in a hotel room). For a user to obtain access to the content item according to the invention, it has to be checked that the person (505) belongs to the domain (100) since the portable device (507) does not. This may be done by uniquely identifying the user e.g. using a smart card reader, e.g. in the portable device (507), which then may transfer the User ID to the network (101). The content right and the content item is assumed to be on the portable device (507) (otherwise it may be transmitted there). The user is then checked as described in connection with Figures 4a or 4b.
• an Authorized Domain 100
• the user (505) is in this scenario not bound to the Authorized Domain (100) as he e.g. may be a neighbor or friend visiting.
• the user also wants to access a given content item on the portable device (507).
• the portable device (507) belongs to the domain (100) since the person (505) does not. This may be done by checking if the portable device (507) is bound to the same domain as the content item as described in connection with Figures 4a or 4b. After validation of the device, then the content item may be accessed by the user on the portable device (507).
• any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be constructed as limiting the claim.
• the word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed in a claim.
• the word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
• the invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer.
• the device claim enumerating several means several of these means can be embodied by one and the same item of hardware.
• the mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

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