WO2005000877A2 - Nouvelles matrices du recepteur de la melanocortine, nouveaux peptides et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Nouvelles matrices du recepteur de la melanocortine, nouveaux peptides et leur utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005000877A2
WO2005000877A2 PCT/US2004/020329 US2004020329W WO2005000877A2 WO 2005000877 A2 WO2005000877 A2 WO 2005000877A2 US 2004020329 W US2004020329 W US 2004020329W WO 2005000877 A2 WO2005000877 A2 WO 2005000877A2
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Prior art keywords
phe
arg
peptide
dphe
bioactive
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PCT/US2004/020329
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WO2005000877A3 (fr
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Carrie Haskell-Luevano
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University Of Florida
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Priority to GB0526026A priority Critical patent/GB2418667B/en
Priority to CA002530027A priority patent/CA2530027A1/fr
Priority to JP2006517632A priority patent/JP2007537976A/ja
Publication of WO2005000877A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005000877A2/fr
Publication of WO2005000877A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005000877A3/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/12—Cyclic peptides, e.g. bacitracins; Polymyxins; Gramicidins S, C; Tyrocidins A, B or C
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/665—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans derived from pro-opiomelanocortin, pro-enkephalin or pro-dynorphin
    • C07K14/68—Melanocyte-stimulating hormone [MSH]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel chimeric peptides and templates containing a combination of antagonist and agonist endogenous ligand residues.
  • the present invention relates to novel chimeric peptides and templates thereof based upon melanocortin agonist peptides and agouti related protein (AGRP) antagonist peptide, and their use as drags to treat various diseases and conditions.
  • AGRP agouti related protein
  • Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) derived peptides are known to affect food intake.
  • GPCRs G-protein coupled receptors
  • MCR melanocortin receptor
  • MCIR was initially characterized by dominant gain of function mutations at the Extension locus, affecting coat color by controlling phaeomelanin to eumelanin conversion through control of tyrosinase.
  • MCIR is mainly expressed in melanocytes.
  • MC2R is expressed in the adrenal gland and represents the ACTH receptor.
  • MC3R is expressed in the brain, gut, and placenta and may be involved in the control of food intake and thermogenesis.
  • MC4R is uniquely expressed in the brain, and laboratory observations suggest that it is also involved in the control of food intake. See Kask A, et al., "Selective antagonist for the melanocortin-4 receptor (HS014) increases food intake in free-feeding rats," Biochem. Biophys. Res.
  • MC5R is expressed in many tissues, including white fat, placenta and exocrine glands. MC5R knockout mice reveal reduced sebaceous gland lipid production (Chen et ah, "Exocrine gland dysfunction in MC5-R-deficient mice: evidence for coordinated regulation of exocrine gland function by melanocortin peptides," Cell, 91:789-798 (1997)).
  • Agouti-related protein is a 132 (human) amino acid peptide putatively containing five disulfide bridges, and antagonizes the central brain melanocortin receptors (MC3R and MC4R) (Ollmann, M.M. et al., "Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein," Science, 278:135-138 (1997); and Yang, Y.K. et ah, "Characterization of Agouti-related protein binding to melanocortin receptors," Mol. Endo., 13:148-155 (1999)).
  • M3R and MC4R central brain melanocortin receptors
  • Agouti is a homologue of AGRP and was first identified as an endogenous G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) antagonist. Both of these proteins are the only known naturally occurring antagonists of GPCRs reported to date, making them a unique family of peptides.
  • GPCR G-protein coupled receptor
  • Previous structure-activity studies of the agouti peptide identified the importance of the three amino acid motif Arg-Phe-Phe that is conserved in both agouti and AGRP (see, for example, Kiefer, L. et al., "Mutations in the carboxyl terminus of the agouti protein decrease agouti inhibition of ligand binding to the melanocortin receptors," Biochemistry, 36:2084-90 (1997)).
  • melanocortin agonist peptides i.e., Ac- His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH 2 and Ac-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
  • nM and ⁇ M potencies respectively, at the mouse melanocortin receptors
  • the tripeptide Ac-Phe-Arg-T -NH 2 possesses ⁇ M agonist activity at the mMClR (Haskell-Luevano, C, et al, "Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors," J Med. Chem, 44:2247-2252 (2001)).
  • Ac-His-Phe- Arg-Trp-NH 2 is the mimmal fragment of melanocortin agonists required to produce a physiological response ( ⁇ M) in the classic frog and lizard skin bioassay Hruby, V.J., et al., "alpha-Melanotropin: the minimal active sequence in the frog skin bioassay," J. Med. Chem., 30:2126-2130 (1987); and Castracci, A.M.L., et al, "Alpha- melanotropin: the mimmal active sequence in the lizard skin bioassay," Gen. Comp. Endocrinol, 73:157-163 (1989).
  • novel agents, methods, and compositions for treating or preventing obesity need to be identified and developed.
  • the subject invention provides novel chimeric peptides based upon melanocortin agonist peptides and agouti related protein (AGRP) and methods for preparing such peptides.
  • the chimeric peptides of the present invention are multifunctional and demonstrate specific bioactivity at melanocortin receptors.
  • amino acids His/DPhe-Arg-Trp in melanocortin agonist peptides are replaced by the AGRP Arg-Phe-Phe resides to provide a potent multifunctional chimeric peptide that is active at melanocortin receptors.
  • chimeric peptides are provided in which AGRP Arg-Phe-Phe resides are substituted with the His DPhe-Arg-Trp amino acids of melanocortin agonists peptides.
  • the AGRP Arg-Phe-Phe domain of the chimeric peptides described herein can include natural and/or unnatural amino acids substituted within this domain.
  • the endogenous disulfide bridge between cysteine amino acids may be substituted by asparagine and diaminopropionic acid side chains of AGRP resulting in the formation of a lactam bridge. All of these embodiments present multifunction chimeric peptides that are highly potent agonists and/or antagonists of melanocortin receptors.
  • Figure 1 is a summary of the amino acid sequences of certain melanocortin agonists and AGRP antagonist.
  • Figure 2 are illustrations of amino acids and their abbreviations as described herein.
  • the synthesized peptides in accordance with the present invention are based either on an AGRP(109-118) template containing melanocortin based amino acid residues, on a melanocortin agonist template containing hAGRP(l ll-113) Arg-Phe- Phe amino acids, or on any of the templates or peptides discussed above containing a lactam bridge as opposed to a disulfide link.
  • SEQ ID NO: 1 Tyr-c[Cys-Arg-Phe-DPhe-Asn-Ala-Phe- Cys]-Tyr
  • SEQ ID NO:2 Tyr-c[Asp-Ala-Ala-Ala-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr
  • SEQ ID NO: 12 Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-Ala-Ala-Ala-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val
  • SEQ ID NO: 19 Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys]
  • Peptides of the present invention include the following (from amino to carboxy terminal): Tyr-c[Asp-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr (SEQ ID NO:3); Tyr-c[Asp-Trp-Arg-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-D ⁇ r]-Tyr (SEQ LD NO:4); Tyr-c[Asp-Trp-Arg-DPhe-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr (SEQ ID NO:5); Tyr-c[Asp-Phe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr (SEQ LD NO:6); Tyr-c[As ⁇ -DPhe-Arg-Tr ⁇ -Asn-Ala-Phe-D ⁇ r]-Tyr (SEQ ID NO:7); Tyr-c[Asp-His-Arg-Phe-Phe-
  • the present invention pertains to novel chimeric multifunctional peptides that are biologically active at melanocortin receptors.
  • the peptides of the present invention are based on the identification of AGRP and melanocortin agonist domains involved in binding to melanocortin receptors.
  • the invention provides peptides with molecular structures that duplicate or mimic the binding domains of either AGRP or a melanocortin agonist.
  • the chimeric peptides of the present invention have either an
  • the peptides containing the AGRP peptide template have melanocortin agonist-based bioactive determinant sequences that have been substituted for the corresponding, analogous AGRP template sequences.
  • the peptides containing the MCR agonist template have AGRP-based bioactive sequences which have been substituted for the corresponding melanocortin agonist template sequences.
  • the AGRP-based bioactive sequences are substituted with natural and/or unnatural amino acids.
  • the peptides of the present invention can have a lactam bridge replacing the disulfide link.
  • the term "patient,” describes an animal, including mammals, to whom treatment with the compositions according to the present invention is provided.
  • Mammalian species which benefit from the disclosed methods of treatment include, and are not limited to, apes, chimpanzees, orangutans, humans, monkeys; domesticated animals (e.g., pets) such as dogs, cats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, rats, mice, and ferrets; and domesticated farm animals such as cows, horses, swine, sheep.
  • the term "peptide” is defined as an amino acid sequence from three amino acids to about 700 amino acids in length.
  • AGRP/MCR agonist peptides refers to the peptides having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ LD NOS:4-7 and 9-10, together with all related peptides described herein.
  • the AGRP/MCR agonist peptides may or may not have amino terminal methionines, depending on the manner in which they are prepared.
  • NDP-MSH/AGRP peptides refers to the peptides having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ LD NOS:12-18, together with all related peptides described herein.
  • the NDP-MSH/AGRP peptides may or may not have amino terminal methionines, depending on the manner in which they are prepared.
  • MTLL/AGRP peptides refers to the peptides having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ LD NOS:20-23, together with all related peptides described herein.
  • the MTLL/AGRP peptides may or may not have amino terminal methionines, depending on the manner in which they are prepared.
  • Related peptides includes allelic variants; fragments; derivatives; substitution, deletion, and insertion variants; fusion polypeptides; and orthologs; and each amino acid of each such related peptide may be either natural or unatural of the "D" (natural) or "L" (unnatural) configuration which corresponds to the stereochemical designation "S" and "R,” respectively, as defined in the RS system of Cahn et al, (Pure Applied Chemistry, 45:11-30 (1974), and references cited therein).
  • Such related peptides may be mature peptides, i.e., lacking a signal peptide.
  • AGRP/MCR agonist peptide variants refer to either AGRP/MCR agonist peptides, NDP-MSH/AGRP peptides, or MTLL/AGRP peptides, respectively, whose amino acid sequences contain one ore more amino acid sequence substitutions, deletions, and/or additions as compared to the AGRP/MCR agonist peptide, NDP-MSH/AGRP peptide, or MTLL/AGRP peptide amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ LD NOS:4-7, 9-10, 12-18, and 20-23.
  • Such peptide variants containing amino acids of the natural L-configuration can be prepared from the corresponding nucleic acid molecule variants, which have a sequence that varies accordingly from the sequences encoding the peptides as set forth in SEQ LD NOS:4-7, 9-10, 12-18, and 20-23.
  • such variants containing amino acids of the D-configuration can be prepared synthetically using standard methods described herein (see also Biochem. J, 219:345-373 (1984)).
  • AGRP/MCR agonist peptide derivatives refer to peptides, variants or fragments thereof, that have been chemically modified, as for example, by addition of one or more water soluble polymers, N-linked or O-linked carbohydrates, sugars, phosphates, and/or other such molecules, where the molecule or molecules are not naturally attached to the peptides as set forth in SEQ LD NOS:4- 7, 9-10, 12-18, and 20-23.
  • Derivatives further include deletion of one or more chemical groups naturally attached to any of the peptides as set forth in SEQ LD NOS:4-7, 9-10, 12-18, and 20-23.
  • AGRP/MCR agonist nucleic acid molecule refers to a nucleic acid molecule or fragment thereof that encodes any of the peptides as set forth in SEQ LD NOS:4-7, 9- 10, 12-18, and 20-23, and any fragments, derivatives, substitution, deletion, and insertion variants, fusion peptides, fusion polypeptides, and orthologs thereof.
  • biologically active refers to peptides that generate a functional (agonist and/or antagonist) pharmacological response at the melanocortin receptors. For each amino acid, an additional conservative substitution includes
  • homolog of that amino acid, where the “homolog” is an amino acid with a methylene group (CH 2 ) inserted into the side chain at the beta position of that side chain.
  • homologs include, without limitation, homophenylalanine, homoarginine, homoserine, and the like.
  • ortholog refers to either AGRP/MCR agonist peptides, NDP- MSH/AGRP peptides, or MTLL/AGRP peptides that correspond to AGRP/MCR agonist peptides, NDP-MSH/AGRP peptides, or MTLL/AGRP, respectively, obtained from a species other than that from which a peptide of any of SEQ LD NOS: 4-7, 9-10, 12-18, and 20-23 was obtained.
  • the abbreviations used for the designation of amino acids and the protective groups used therefore are based on recommendations of the LUPAC-LUB Commission of Biochemical Nomenclature (Biochemistry, 11:1726-1732 (1972)).
  • the nomenclature used to define compounds of the invention is that specified by LUPAC, published in European Journal of Biochemistry, 138:9-37 (1984). With regard to certain amino acids disclosed herein, their structures and abbreviations are provided in Figure 2.
  • compositions and Administration Therapeutic compositions of AGRP/MCR agonist peptides, NDP-MSH/AGRP peptides, or MTLL/AGRP peptides are within the scope of the present invention.
  • Such compositions may comprise a therapeutically effective amount of the peptide or fragments, variants, or derivatives in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the peptide may be formulated in an acid-salt form.
  • the carrier material may be water for injection, preferably supplemented with other materials common in solutions for administration to mammals such as, for example, alumina, lecithin, d- ⁇ -tocopherol, polyethyleneglycol, surfactants, serum proteins such as human serum albumin, phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, and potassium sorbate.
  • a AGRP/MCR agonist peptide, NDP-MSH/AGRP peptide, or MTLL/AGRP peptide therapeutic compound will be administered in the form of a composition comprising a purified peptide, fragment, variant, or derivative, optionally in its salt form, in conjunction with one or more physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of for the peptides of the present invention include acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycolate, hemisulfate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oxalate, pectinate, phosphate, salicylate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, and other such pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • Neutral buffered saline or saline mixed with serum albumin are exemplary appropriate carriers.
  • the product is formulated as a lyophilizate using appropriate excipients (e.g., sucrose).
  • excipients e.g., sucrose
  • Other standard carriers, diluents, and excipients may be included as desired.
  • Other exemplary compositions comprise Tris buffer of about pH 7.0-8.5, or acetate buffer of about pH 4.0-5.5, which may further include sorbitol or a suitable substitute therefor.
  • Any AGRP/MCR agonist peptide composition, NDP-MSH/AGRP peptide composition, or MTLL/AGRP peptide composition can be administered parenterally. Alternatively, such compositions may be administered intravenously or subcutaneously.
  • the therapeutic compositions for use in this invention may be in the form of a pyrogen-free, parenterally acceptable aqueous solution.
  • Therapeutic formulations of either AGRP/MCR agonist peptide compositions, NDP-MSH/AGRP peptide compositions, or MTLL/AGRP peptide compositions useful for practicing the present invention may be prepared for storage by mixing the selected composition having the desired degree of purity with optional physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18 th Edition, A. R.
  • Acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients and are preferably inert at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, or other organic acids; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid; low molecular weight polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, pluronics or polyethylene glycol
  • an effective amount of the peptide composition(s) of the present invention to be employed therapeutically will depend, for example, upon the therapeutic objectives such as the indication for which the AGRP/MCR agonist peptide is being used, the route of administration, and the condition of the patient. Accordingly, it will be necessary for the therapist to titer the dosage and modify the route of administration as required to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect.
  • a typical daily dosage may range from about 0.01 mg/kg to up to 1000 mg/kg or more, depending on the factors mentioned above. Typically, a clinician will administer the composition until a dosage is reached that achieves the desired effect.
  • composition may therefore be administered as a single dose, or as two or more doses (which may or may not contain the same amount of the peptide) over time, or as a continuous infusion via implantation device or catheter.
  • the peptide compositions of the subject invention to be used for in vivo administration must be sterile. This is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes. Where the composition is lyophilized, sterilization using these methods may be conducted either prior to, or following, lyophilization and reconstitution.
  • the composition for parenteral administration ordinarily will be stored in lyophilized form or in solution.
  • compositions generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle.
  • the route of administration of the composition is in accordance with known methods, i.e., oral, injection or infusion by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracerebral (intraparenchymal), intracerebroventricular, intramuscular, intraocular, intraarterial, or intralesional routes, intranasal, or by sustained release systems or implantation device which may optionally involve the use of a catheter.
  • the compositions may be administered continuously by infusion, bolus injection or by implantation device.
  • the composition may be administered locally via implantation into the selected area using a membrane, sponge, or other appropriate material onto which a peptide of the subject invention has been absorbed.
  • the device may be implanted into any suitable tissue or organ, and delivery of AGRP/MCR agonist peptide, NDP- MSH/AGRP peptide, or MTLL AGRP peptide may be performed directly through the device via bolus, or via continuous administration, or via catheter using continuous infusion.
  • MSH/AGRP peptide, or MTLL/AGRP peptide may be administered in a sustained release formulation or preparation.
  • sustained-release preparations include semipermeable polymer matrices in the form of shaped articles, i.e., films, or microcapsules.
  • Sustained release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels, polylactides (U.S. Patent No. 3,773,919, EP 58,481), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma ethyl-L-glutamate (Sidman et al, Biopolymers, 22:547-556 (1983)), poly (2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate) (Langer et al, J.
  • Sustained-release compositions also may include liposomes, which can be prepared by any of several methods known in the art (i.e., Eppstein et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82:3688- 3692 (1985); EP 36,676; EP 88,046; EP 143,949).
  • MTIL/AGRP peptides, fragments, variants, and derivatives thereof may be employed alone, together, or in combination with other pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the peptides, fragments, variants, and derivatives of the subject invention may be used in combination with cytokines, hormones, growth factors, antibiotics, anti- inflammatories, and/or chemotherapeutic agents as is appropriate for the indication being treated.
  • cytokines hormones, growth factors, antibiotics, anti- inflammatories, and/or chemotherapeutic agents
  • a system for encapsulating living cells is described in PCT WO 91/10425 (Aebischer et al). Techniques for formulating a variety of other sustained or controlled delivery means, such as liposome carriers, bio- erodible particles or beads, are also known to those in the art, and are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,653,975 (Baetge et al, CytoTherapeutics, Inc.).
  • the cells, with or without encapsulation may be implanted into suitable body tissues or organs of the patient. As discussed above, it may be desirable to treat isolated cell populations such as, for example, brain cells and/or neurons with one or more peptides, variants, derivatives and/or fragments of the subject invention.
  • DLPEA diisopropylethylamine
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • DMSO dimethyl sulphoxide
  • EtOAc MeOH/ethyl acetate
  • Fmoc 9- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl
  • HBt N-hydroxy-benzotriazole
  • MBHA methylbenzydryl-amine
  • PyBOP refers to benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy- tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate.
  • SPPS solid-phase peptide synthesis.
  • tBu refers to a tert-butyl group.
  • TAA trifluoroacetic acid.
  • TRH thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
  • Example 1 Synthesis of Disulfide Crosslinked or Cyclized Peptides
  • disulfide cross-linked or cyclized peptides can be synthesized using standard Fmoc methodology as described in Ca ⁇ ino, L. A., and Han, G. Y., "The 9-Fluorenyhnethyoxycarbonsy Amino- Protecting Group," J. Org.
  • amino acids Fmoc- Ser(tBu), Fmoc-Tyr(tBu), Fmoc-Nle, Fmoc-Glu(OtBu), Fmoc-His(Trt), Fmoc- Arg(Pbf), Fmoc-DPhe, Fmoc-T ⁇ (Boc), Fmoc-Gly, Fmoc-Lys(Boc), Fmoc-Pro, Fmoc-Val, and Fmoc-Phe are all commercially available. All reagents were ACS grade or better. Peptides of the present invention were assembled on commercially available rink-amide-MBHA resin (0.40 meq/g substitution).
  • the synthesis was perfo ⁇ ned using a 40 well Teflon reaction block with a course Teflon frit. Approximately 200 mg resin (0.08 mmole) was added to each reaction block well. The resin was allowed to swell for 2 hrs in dimethylformamide (DMF) and deprotected using 25% piperidine in DMF for 5 min followed by a 20 min 25% piperidine incubation at 500 rpms.
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • a "Kaiser test” as described in Kaiser, E. et al, "Color Test for Detection of Free Terminal Amino Groups in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptides," Anal. Biochem., 34:595-598 (1970), was applied to the resin and yielded positive results.
  • a positive Kaiser test indicates free amine groups on the resin.
  • the growing peptide chain was added to the amide-resin using the following general amino acid cycle: 500 ⁇ L DMF is added to each reaction well to "wet the frit," 3-fold excess amino acid starting from the C-terminus is added (500 ⁇ L of 0.5M amino acid solution containing 0.5M HOBt in DMF), followed by the addition of 500 ⁇ L 0.5M DIC in DMF and the reaction well volume is brought up to 3mL using DMF.
  • the coupling reaction is mixed for lhr at 500 ⁇ ms, followed by emptying of the reaction block by positive nitrogen gas pressure.
  • a second coupling reaction is performed by the addition of 500 ⁇ L DMF to each reaction vessel, followed by the addition of 500 ⁇ L of the respective amino acid (3-fold excess), 500 ⁇ L 0.5M HBTU, 400 ⁇ L 1M DLEA, the reaction well volume is brought up to 3 mL with DMF, and mixed at 500 rpm for 1 hr.
  • the reaction block is emptied and the resin-N ⁇ -protected peptide is washed with DMF (4.5 mL 5 times).
  • N ⁇ -Fmoc deprotection is performed by the addition of 4 mL 25% piperidine in DMF and mixed for 5 min at 500 ⁇ ms followed by a 20 min deprotection at 500 ⁇ ms.
  • the reaction well is washed with 4.5 mL DMF and the next coupling cycle is performed as described above.
  • Deprotection of the amino acid side chains and cleavage of the amide-peptide from the resin was performed by incubating the peptide-resin with 3mL cleavage cocktail (95% TFA, 2.5% water, 2.5% triisopropylsilane) for 3 hrs at 500 ⁇ ms.
  • the cleavage product was emptied from the reaction block into a cleavage block containing 7 mL collection vials under nitrogen gas pressure.
  • the resin was washed with 1.5 mL cleavage cocktail for 5 min and 500 ⁇ ms and added to the previous cleavage solution.
  • the peptides were transferred to pre- weighted 50mL conical tubes and precipitated with cold (4°) anhydrous ethyl ether (up to 50 mL).
  • the flocculent peptide was pelleted by centrifugation (Sorval Super T21 high speed centrifuge using the swinging bucket rotor) at 2000 ⁇ m for 3 min, the ether was decanted off, and the peptide was washed one time with cold anhydrous ethyl ether and pelleted.
  • the crade peptide was dried in vacuo 48 hrs.
  • the crade peptide yields ranged from 60% to 90% of the theoretical yields.
  • a 7 to 15 mg sample of crude peptide was purified by RPHPLC using a Shimadzu chromatography system with a photodiode array detector and a semi-preparative RP-HPLC C 18 bonded silica column (Vydac 218TP1010, 1.0 x 25 cm) and lyophilized.
  • the purified peptide was >95% pure as determined by analytical RP-HPLC and had the correct molecular mass.
  • Disulfide bridge cyclization of the peptides synthesized above was performed in solution according to known methods, such as those described in Haskell-Luevano, C.
  • the peptide solution was taken up in a 50 mL syringe and transferred to the oxidizing solution via a syringe pump at a rate of 1.5 mL/ h. When the transfer was complete, the pH was adjusted to 4.5 with glacial acetic acid. Amberlite resin (LRA-68 HC1 form) was added to the mixture and left to mix for 45 min. The Amberlite resin was filtered off, with the solution containing the peptide concentrated, lyophilized, and purified by RP-HPLC.
  • Example 2 Synthesis of Peptides Containing Cyclic Lactam Bridge Ln accordance with the present invention, peptides containing cyclic lactam bridges can be prepared using standard Boc methodology as described in Merrif ⁇ eld, R. B., "Solid Phase Synthesis. II. The Syntheis of Bradykinin," J Am. Chem. Soc, 86:304-305 (1964); and Stewart, J. M., and Young, J. D., Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, 2 nd ed during Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Illinois (1964) on an automated synthesizer (Advanced ChemTech 440MOS, Louisville, KY).
  • Boc- Tyr(2ClBzl) Boc-diaminopropionic acid [Dpr(Fmoc)], Boc-Asp(OFm), Boc- Arg(Tos), Boc-Phe, Boc-His(Bom), Boc-DPhe, Boc-T ⁇ (CHO), Boc-Asn, and Boc- Ala are commercially available.
  • the peptides were assembled on commercially available pMBHA resin (0.28 meq/g substitution). All reagents were ACS grade or better. The synthesis was performed using a commercially available 40 well Teflon reaction block with a course Teflon frit. Approximately 200 mg resin (0.08 mmole) was added to each reaction block well.
  • each peptide can be synthesized in two separate reaction wells.
  • the resin was allowed to swell for 2 hrs in 5 mL dimethylformamide (DMF) and deprotected using 4 mL 50% trifluroacetic acid (TFA), 2% anisole in dichloromethane (DCM) for 3 min followed by a 20 min incubation at 500 ⁇ ms and washed with DCM (4.5 mL, 2 min, 500 ⁇ ms 3 times).
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • TFA trifluroacetic acid
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • the peptide-resin salt was neutralized by the addition of 4 mL 10% diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) in DCM (3 min, 500 ⁇ ms, 2 times) followed by a DCM wash (4.5 mL, 2 min, 500 ⁇ ms 4 times). Free amino acid groups were identified on the resin using a Kaiser test.
  • DIEA diisopropylethylamine
  • the growing peptide chain was added to the amide-resin using the general amino acid cycle as follows: 500 ⁇ L DMF is added to each reaction well to "wet the frit," 3-fold excess amino acid starting from the C-terminus is added [400 ⁇ M of 0.5M solution in 0.5M N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) in DMF] followed by the addition of 400 ⁇ L 0.5M N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DLC) in DMF and the reaction well volume is brought up to 3mL using DMF.
  • the coupling reaction is mixed for lhr at 500 ⁇ ms, followed by emptying of the reaction block by positive nitrogen gas pressure.
  • a second coupling reaction is performed by the addition of 500 ⁇ L DMF to each reaction vessel, followed by the addition of 400 ⁇ L of the respective amino acid (3-fold excess), 400 ⁇ L 0.5M O-benzotriazolyl-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 300 ⁇ L 1M DLEA, the reaction well volume is brought up to 3 mL with DMF, and mixed at 500 rpm for 1 hr. After the second coupling cycle, the reaction block is emptied and the resin-N ⁇ -protected peptide is washed with DCM (4.5 mL 4 times).
  • HBTU O-benzotriazolyl-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
  • N ⁇ -Boc deprotection is performed by the addition of 4 mL 50% TFA, 2%anisole in DCM and mixed for 5 min at 500 ⁇ ms followed by a 20 min deprotection at 20 min.
  • the reaction well is washed with 4.5 mL DCM (4 times), neutralized with 10% DLEA (3 min, 500 ⁇ ms, 2 times) followed by a DCM wash (4.5 mL, 2 min, 500 ⁇ ms 4 times), and the next coupling cycle is performed as described above.
  • the Fmoc and OFm protecting groups are removed from Dpr and Asp, respectively by treatment with 4.5 mL 25% piperidine in DMF (20 min at 500 ⁇ m) with a positive Kaiser test results.
  • the lactam bridge between the Asp and Dpr amino acids is formed using 5-fold excess benziotriazolyloxy-tris-(dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) and 6-fold excess DLEA as coupling agents and mixing at 500 ⁇ ms.
  • BOP benziotriazolyloxy-tris-(dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
  • DLEA dimethylamino phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
  • the lactam bridges were formed (negative Kaiser test) after approximately 3 days at room temperature. Deprotection of the remaining amino acid side chains and cleavage of the amide-peptide from the resin was performed by incubation the peptide-resin with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF, 5 mL, 0°C, lhr) and 5% m-cresol, 5% thioanisole as scavengers.
  • the peptide is ether precipitated (50 mL x 1) and washed with 50 mL cold (4°) anhydrous ethyl ether.
  • the peptide is filtered off using a course frit glass filter and dissolved in glacial acetic acid, frozen and lyophilized.
  • the crade peptide yields ranged from 60% to 90%) of the theoretical yields.
  • a 40 mg sample of crude peptide was purified by RP- HPLC using a Shimadzu chromatography system with a photodiode array detector and a semi-preparative reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP- HPLC) Ci ⁇ bonded silica column (Vydac 218TP1010, 1.0 x 25 cm) and lyophilized.
  • the purified peptide was >95% pure as determined by analytical RP-HPLC and had the correct molecular mass.
  • Example 3 Assays For cell culture and fransfection, HEK-293 cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal calf serum and seeded 1 day prior to transfection at 1 to 2 xlO 6 cell/100-mm dish. Melanocortin receptor ( DNA in the pCDNA 3 expression vector (20 ⁇ g) were transfected using the calcium phosphate method. Stable receptor populations were generated using G418 selection (lmg/mL) for subsequent bioassay analysis.
  • DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
  • MCI, MC3, MC4 and MC5 receptors were transfected with 4 ⁇ g CRE/ ⁇ -galactosidase reporter gene as previously described in Haskell-Luevano, C. et al., "Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors," J. Med. Chem., 44:2247-2252 (2001); Haskell- Luevano, C.
  • the cells were stimulated with lOO ⁇ L peptide (10 "4 - 10 "12 M) or forskolin (10 "4 M) control in assay medium (DMEM containing 0.1 mg/mL BSA and 0.1 mM isobutylmethylxanthine) for 6 hrs.
  • assay medium DMEM containing 0.1 mg/mL BSA and 0.1 mM isobutylmethylxanthine
  • the plates were stored at -80° overnight.
  • the plates containing the cell lysates were thawed the following day. Aliquots of 10 ⁇ L were taken from each well and transferred to another 96-well plate for relative protein determination.
  • phosphate-buffered saline with 0.5% BSA was added to each well.
  • 150 ⁇ L substrate buffer 60 mM sodium phosphate, 1 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM KC1, 5 mM ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, 200 mg/lOOmL ONPG
  • the sample absorbance, OD 405 was measured using a 96 well plate reader (Molecular Devices).
  • the relative protein was determined by adding 200 ⁇ L 1:5 dilution Bio Rad G250 protein dye: water to the 10 ⁇ L cell lysate sample taken previously, and the OD 595 was measured on a 96 well plate reader (Molecular Devices). Data points were normalized both to the relative protein content and non- receptor dependent forskolin stimulation. The antagonistic properties of these compounds were evaluated by the ability of these ligands to competitively displace the MTII agonist (Bachem) in a dose-dependent manner, at up to lO ⁇ M concentrations. The pA 2 values were generated using the Schild analysis method described in Schild, H.O., "pA, A New Scale for the Measurement of Drug Antagonism," Brit. J. Pharmacol, 2:189-206 (1947).
  • Binding Assays Ln the binding assays, 125 I-NDP-MSH was prepared using a modified chloramine-T method as previously described by Yang, et al, "Characterization of Agouti-related protein binding to melanocortin receptors," Mol. Endo., 13:148-155 (1999). Using 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4 as the reaction buffer, 125 I-Na (0.5 mCi, Amersham Life Sciences, Lnc, Arlington Heights, IL) was added to 20 mg of NDP-MSH (Bachem, Torrance, CA) in 5 mL buffer. To initiate the reaction, 10 mL of a 2.4 mg/ml solution of chloramine T (Sigma Chemical Co., St.
  • NDP-MSH NDP-MSH
  • LC 50 values were generated and analyzed by nonlinear least squares analysis (see Bowen, W. P., and Jerman, J. C, "Nonlinear regression using spreadsheets," TiPS, 16:413-417 (1995)) and the PRLSM program (v3.0, GraphPad Lnc).
  • the peptides that did not possess agonist or , antagonist pharmacology in the functional assay were examined for their ability to competitively displace 125 I-NDP-MSH (100,000 cpm/well) at 10 "5 M concentrations.
  • the percent total specific binding was determined based upon the non-specific values obtained using 10 "6 M NDP-MSH and the NDP-MSH dose response curves as controls.
  • the standard deviation errors are derived from the average percent specific binding values from three independent experiments and using the PRLSM program (v3.0, GraphPad Inc.).
  • EC 50 and pA 2 values represent the mean of duplicate experiments performed in triplet, quadruplet or more independent experiments.
  • EC 50 and pA 2 estimates, and their associated standard errors, were determined by fitting the data to a nonlinear least-squares analysis using the PRLSM program (v3.0, GraphPad Lnc).
  • the peptides of the subject invention i.e., SEQ LD NOS: 3-7, 9-10, 12-18, and 20-43 were synthesized using standard procedures and purified to homogeneity using semi-preparative reversed-phased high pressure liquid chromatography as provided above in Examples 1 and 2.
  • Table 1 summarizes the agonist EC50 values and antagonist pA 2 values of peptides of the present invention at the mouse melanocortin receptors, mMClR, mMC3R, mMC4R, and mMC5R.
  • the errors indicated in Table 1 represent the standard error of the mean determined from at least three independent experiments.
  • the antagonist pA 2 values were determined using the Schild analysis and the agonist MTU The value " >100,000" indicates that the compound was examined but lacked agonist or antagonist properties at up to 100 ⁇ M concentrations. Slight agonist denotes that some stimulatory response was observed at 100 ⁇ M concentrations, but not enough to determine an EC 50 value.
  • Example 4 AGRP/MCR agonist peptides
  • the hAGRP(109-118) decapeptide template was utilized to systematically replace the hAGRP(lll-113) Arg-Phe-Phe antagonist amino acids with melanocortin agonist Phe-Arg-T ⁇ residues (Table 1).
  • the Phell3 of the hAGRP(109-118) decapeptide template containing a disulfide bridge was inverted to the D-amino acid.
  • SEQ LD NOS:2-l 1 replaced the disulfide bridge with a side chain lactam bridge (Asp- Dpr) to determine if the lactam bridge would result in pharmacological differences while maintaining a similar ring size as the disulfide bridge.
  • SEQ LD NO:2 was synthesized as a control, replacing the Arg-Phe-Phe hAGRP antagonist amino acids with Ala-Ala-Ala.
  • the peptide of SEQ LD NO:2 lacked agonist or antagonist activity at the melanocortin receptors at up to lOO ⁇ M concentrations, and was unable to competitively displace radiolabeled I-NDP-MSH beyond a ligand 25% binding at lO ⁇ M concentrations.
  • SEQ LD NO:3 contains the lactam bridge instead of the disulfide bridge.
  • Comparison of the hAGRP(109-118) to SEQ LD NO:3 resulted in nearly equipotent pharmacology, within experimental error at the mMClR, except at the mMC4R where the lactam bridge resulted in a 8-fold decrease in antagonist potency and ⁇ M antagonist pharmacology was detectable at the mMC3R. Both the Phe-Arg-T ⁇ and the T ⁇ -Arg-Phe sequences were substituted into the hAGRP(109-118) decapeptide.
  • NDP-MSH templates resulted in the observation that inclusion of the His 6 amino acid ( ⁇ -MSH numbering) resulted in significant increased agonist potency at the melanocortin receptors.
  • His 6 amino acid of the melanocortin agonist putative message sequence His-Phe-Arg-T ⁇ was inserted into the lactam modified hAGRP (109-118) decapeptide template to yield the peptide of SEQ LD NO:8.
  • SEQ LD NO: 11 resulted in nearly equipotent melanocortin receptor pharmacology as SEQ LD NO:3 that lacked the N- and C-terminal agonist amino acid extension, supporting the hypothesis that the central "core" residue 109- 118 region of the hAGRP antagonist determines melanocortin receptor potency and pharmacology.
  • natural and/or unnatural amino acids were substituted within the melanocortin agonist Phe-Arg-T ⁇ residues utilized to replace the hAGRP(l l l-113) Arg-Phe-Phe amino acids to yield the peptides of SEQ
  • SEQ LD NOS:28-30 resulted in antagonist activity at mMC3R and I agonist activity at mMC4 and mMC5 receptors.
  • Example 5 NDP-MSH/AGRP peptides Ln accordance with the present invention, the linear tridecapeptide NDP-MSH agonist template was used as a base in which DPhe-Arg-T ⁇ amino acids were replaced with the hAGRP(lll-113) Arg-Phe-Phe residues.
  • the peptide of SEQ LD NO: 12 was synthesized as a control peptide having the agonist DPhe-Arg-T ⁇ residues replaced with Ala- Ala- Ala.
  • SEQ LD NO: 12 resulted in a complete loss of agonist activity at up to 100 ⁇ M concentrations and was unable to bind to the MC3R or MC4R more than 25%.
  • the bioactivity of the control peptide of SEQ LD NO: 12 verifies the importance of the DPhe-Arg-T ⁇ residues for melanocortin receptor activity.
  • the peptide of SEQ LD NO: 13 has the NDP-MSH linear tridecapeptide template substituted with hAGRP residues in the Phe-Phe-Arg orientation and deletion of the His 6 residue ( ⁇ -MSH numbering).
  • SEQ LD NO: 13 resulted in a lack of agonist or antagonist activity at up to 100 ⁇ M at the MC3-5 receptors, but was a partial agonist at the MCIR.
  • the peptide of SEQ LD NO: 14 contains the HIS 6 amino acid and the AGRP residues in the Phe-Phe-Arg orientation.
  • SEQ LD NO: 14 resulted in partial agonist activities and no antagonist activity at the MCIR, MC3R, and MC4R with little observable binding or activity at the MC4R.
  • Lnco ⁇ oration of the hAGRP(l 11-113) residues into the NDP-MSH template in the Arg-Phe-Phe resulted in the peptide of SEQ LD NO: 15.
  • Peptides of SEQ LD NO: 15 have nM melanocortin receptor agonist potency.
  • hAGRP(112-113) Phe residue corresponds to the melanocortin agonist Phe 7 amino acid in regards to putative ligand-receptor interactions
  • systematic stereochemical inversion of the hAGRP (111-113) Arg-Phe- Phe residues in the peptide of SEQ LD NO:15 resulted in SEQ LD NOS:16-18.
  • stereochemical inversion of the Arg-Phe-Phe residues in the NDP-MSH template resulted in dramatic decreases in melanocortin receptor activity, with the exception of SEQ LD NO: 17, as compared with SEQ LD NO:15.
  • SEQ LD NO: 17 (NDP-MSH linear template) containing the DPhe that putatively corresponds to the hAGRP Phe 112 residue, resulted in only an 8-fold increase in mMClR agonist potency, a 13 -fold decreased mMC3R agonist potency, conversion from a full mMC4R agonist to only a slight agonist at lOO ⁇ M concentrations and equipotent mMC5R agonist potency, compared with SEQ LD NO:15.
  • Example 6 MTLL/AGRP peptides Ln accordance with the present invention, the cyclic heptapeptides MTLL agonist template was used as a base in which DPhe-Arg-T ⁇ amino acids were replaced with the hAGRP(lll-113) Arg-Phe-Phe residues to synthesize the peptides of SEQ LD NOS:20-23.
  • the peptide of SEQ LD NO:19 was synthesized with the MTLL DPhe-Arg-T ⁇ residues substituted with Ala-Ala-Ala as a control to the peptides of SEQ LD NOS:20-23.
  • SEQ LD NO:20 resulted in the peptide of SEQ LD NO:21, wherein DArg-Phe-Phe was inco ⁇ orated into the MTLL peptide template.
  • the peptide of SEQ LD NO:21 lost the ability to generate a full agonist response at up to lOO ⁇ M concentrations at the melanocortin receptors.
  • SEQ LD NO:22 (MTII cyclic template) containing the DPhe that putatively corresponds to the hAGRP Phe 112 residue, resulted in converting the peptide with the corresponding L-Phe isomer (SEQ ID NO:20) from an mMClR partial agonist into an nM full agonist, and a ligand possessing full ⁇ M agonist activity at the mMC3-5 receptors.
  • the antagonist hAGRP Phe 112 may be mimicking the melanocortin agonist DPhe interactions with the receptor in the cyclic hAGRP(109- 118) and MTII peptide templates, in terms of enhancing general melanocortin receptor agonist potency.
  • SEQ LD NO:23 contains the Arg-Phe-DPhe motif substituted for the DPhe-Arg-T ⁇ amino acids in the MTLL peptide template.
  • SEQ LD NO:23 demonstrated slight agonist activity at 100 ⁇ M at the MC3R and MC5R, but was a ⁇ M MCIR agonist.
  • Example 7 Melanocortin Receptor Selective Ligands
  • the central MC3 and MC4 receptors expressed in the brain have been associated with the physiological role of weight and energy homeostasis through the use of knockout mice and in vivo feeding studies (see Fan, W. et al, "Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome," Nature, 385:165-168 (1997); Huszar, D. et al, "Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice,” Cell, 88:131-141 (1997); Butler, A.A.
  • the peptide of SEQ LD NO:7 (Tyr-c[Asp-DPhe-Arg- T ⁇ -Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr-NH 2 ) resulted in a ligand that is only a slight mMC3R agonist (is not a mMC3R antagonist, does not bind at the mMC3R greater than 25% specific binding at lO ⁇ M concentrations, but possess a 450nM agonist ECso value at the mMC4R resulting in a >200-fold MC4R versus MC3R selective compound.
  • the peptide of SEQ LD NO: 17 (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-Arg-DPhe-Phe- Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH 2 ), resulted in a potent nM mMClR agonist possessing high nM agonist activity at the mMC5R, ⁇ M agonist activity at the mMC3R and only slight agonist activity at the mMC4R (not an antagonist and does not bind to the mMC4R at greater than 25% specific binding at lO ⁇ M concentrations.
  • SEQ LD NO: 17 is a 850-fold MCIR versus MC3R selective, >16-fold MC4R versus MC3R selective, and 62-fold MCIR versus MC5R selective peptide.
  • a peptide that is biologically active at melanocortin receptors comprising an AGRP(109-118) template and melanocortin agonist-based bioactive determinant sequences which have been substituted for the analogous template sequences, wherein a) the melanocortin agonist-based bioactive determinant sequence is selected from the group consisting of: i) T ⁇ -Arg-Phe; ii) T ⁇ -Arg-DPhe; iii) Phe-Arg-T ⁇ ; iv) DPhe-Arg-T ⁇ ; v) His-Phe-Arg-T ⁇ ; and vi) His-DPhe-Arg-T ⁇ .
  • amino acid is selected from the group consisting of Ala; Ate; Bip; Lys; Nal(l'); Nal(2'); (pl)Phe; and Tic.
  • the peptide according to claim 1 wherein the peptide further comprises a lactam bridge which is substituted for the disulfide bridge of the AGRP(109-118) template. 7. The peptide according to claim 6, wherein the peptide is of any SEQ ID NOS:2 and l l.
  • the peptide further comprises a second and a third bioactive determinant sequences at the N-terminal and C-terminal, respectively, wherein the second bioactive determinant sequence at the N-terminal is Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle amino acid residues and the third bioactive determinant sequence at the C-te ⁇ ninal is Lys-Pro-Val amino acid residues.
  • a peptide that is biologically active at melanocortin receptors comprising a NDP-MSH linear tridecapeptide template and hAGRP(ll l-113) bioactive determinant sequences which have been substituted for the analogous template sequences, wherein a) the hAGRP(lll-113) bioactive determinant sequence is selected from the group consisting of: i) Arg-Phe-Phe; ii) Phe-Phe-Arg; iii) DArg-Phe-Phe; iv) Arg-DPhe-Phe; and v) Arg-Phe-DPhe.
  • a peptide that is biologically active at melanocortin receptors comprising a cyclic MTLL heptapeptide template and hAGRP(lll-113) bioactive determinant sequences which have been substituted for the analogous template sequences, wherein a) the l ⁇ AGRP(lll-113) bioactive determinant sequence is selected from the group consisting of: i) Arg-Phe-Phe; ii) Phe-Phe-Arg; iii) DArg-Phe-Phe;

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Abstract

L'invention concerne de nouveaux peptides chimères et des matrices contenant une combinaison de résidus de ligands endogènes antagonistes et agonistes. D'une manière plus spécifique, l'invention concerne de nouveaux peptides chimères et leurs matrices basées sur des peptides agonistes de la mélanocortine et une protéine AGRP (agouti related protein). L'invention concerne des peptides chimères multifonctionnels présentant une bioactivité spécifique au niveau des récepteurs de la mélanocortine et leur utilisation en tant que médicaments pour traiter diverses maladies et affections.
PCT/US2004/020329 2003-06-23 2004-06-22 Nouvelles matrices du recepteur de la melanocortine, nouveaux peptides et leur utilisation WO2005000877A2 (fr)

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US8487073B2 (en) 2008-06-09 2013-07-16 Palatin Technologies, Inc. Melanocortin receptor-specific peptides for treatment of sexual dysfunction
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US10632171B2 (en) 2009-06-08 2020-04-28 Palatin Technologies, Inc. Melanocortin receptor-specific peptides
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US9580466B2 (en) 2009-11-23 2017-02-28 Palatin Technologies, Inc. Melanocortin-1 receptor-specific linear peptides
US10017539B2 (en) 2009-11-23 2018-07-10 Palatin Technologies, Inc. Melanocortin-1 receptor-specific cyclic hexapeptides
US10106578B2 (en) 2009-11-23 2018-10-23 Palatin Technologies, Inc. Melanocortin-1 receptor-specific linear peptides
US8933194B2 (en) 2009-11-23 2015-01-13 Palatin Technologies, Inc. Melanocortin-1 receptor-specific linear peptides
US8492517B2 (en) 2009-11-23 2013-07-23 Palatin Technologies, Inc. Melanocortin-1 receptor-specific cyclic peptides
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US20080146779A1 (en) 2008-06-19
US7084111B2 (en) 2006-08-01
US7582610B2 (en) 2009-09-01
US20080146496A1 (en) 2008-06-19
CN100497373C (zh) 2009-06-10
US20040260063A1 (en) 2004-12-23
WO2005000877A3 (fr) 2005-08-11
US20060258590A1 (en) 2006-11-16

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