US20170022252A1 - Novel modulators of melanocortin receptors - Google Patents
Novel modulators of melanocortin receptors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170022252A1 US20170022252A1 US14/943,606 US201514943606A US2017022252A1 US 20170022252 A1 US20170022252 A1 US 20170022252A1 US 201514943606 A US201514943606 A US 201514943606A US 2017022252 A1 US2017022252 A1 US 2017022252A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- amino acid
- mc5r
- peptide ligand
- xaa
- zaa
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/64—Cyclic peptides containing only normal peptide links
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/10—Peptides having 12 to 20 amino acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
- A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
- A61K9/7084—Transdermal patches having a drug layer or reservoir, and one or more separate drug-free skin-adhesive layers, e.g. between drug reservoir and skin, or surrounding the drug reservoir; Liquid-filled reservoir patches
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/665—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans derived from pro-opiomelanocortin, pro-enkephalin or pro-dynorphin
- C07K14/68—Melanocyte-stimulating hormone [MSH]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/665—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans derived from pro-opiomelanocortin, pro-enkephalin or pro-dynorphin
- C07K14/68—Melanocyte-stimulating hormone [MSH]
- C07K14/685—Alpha-melanotropin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/665—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans derived from pro-opiomelanocortin, pro-enkephalin or pro-dynorphin
- C07K14/68—Melanocyte-stimulating hormone [MSH]
- C07K14/69—Beta-melanotropin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/72—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for hormones
- C07K14/723—G protein coupled receptor, e.g. TSHR-thyrotropin-receptor, LH/hCG receptor, FSH receptor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/50—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K7/54—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring
- C07K7/56—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring the cyclisation not occurring through 2,4-diamino-butanoic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to modulators of melanocortin receptors (MCR), in particular, to an N-methylated variation of a cyclic peptide and analogues thereof that are modulators for MC5R.
- MCR melanocortin receptors
- the melanocortin system remains a challenging target for rational peptide and peptidomimetic design as the 3D-topographical requirements for specific melanocortin receptor subtype recognition have not been fully elucidated. Nevertheless, the numerous multifaceted physiological functions of the five known subtypes of human melanocortin receptors (hMC1-5R) continue to provide a strong stimulus for further development of potent and selective melanocortin agonists and antagonists.
- hMCRs known to be the smallest GPCRs have separate natural agonist and antagonist molecules for functional regulation. This aspect of hMCRs imposes a second dimension on melanocortin ligands for achieving selectivity not only to receptor subtype but also between the required agonistic and antagonistic properties.
- MC1-5R are a family of five receptor compounds of the melanocortin receptor system. Prior to the invention, it has been difficult to target the receptors independently of one another. The key difference between the present invention and similar compounds is that the present invention is specific to individual types of melanocortin receptors, specifically to MC5R. An N-methylated form of SHU9119 and analogues thereof can antagonize MC5R. This could potentially reduce the amount of side effects incurred by the treatments involving the present invention.
- the present invention features a melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 1:
- R 1 may be an acetyl, —CO—(CH 2 ) n CH 3 , —CO—(CH 2 ) n CF 3 , or a glycosylated amino acid.
- “n” can range from 1 to 6.
- R 2 may be an —CONH 2 , —COOH, or —CH 2 OH.
- Xaa, Yaa, and Zaa may each be a natural amino acid or an unnatural amino acid.
- the MC5R peptide ligand may be a cyclic peptide formed by the bridging of Xaa to Zaa via a carba, lactam, disulfide, thioether, or succinic linker.
- the MC5R peptide ligand has a 23 to 27-membered ring.
- FIG. 1 shows a structure of SHU 9119.
- the two arrows indicate the sites of N-methylation of the backbone NHs to form one embodiment of a MC5R modulator.
- FIG. 2 shows a structure of an exemplary MC5R peptide ligand, PEPTIDE 9.
- natural amino acids refers to the twenty amino acids that are found in nature, i.e. occur naturally.
- the natural amino acids are as follows: alanine, arginine, glycine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, histidine, lysine, methionine, proline, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. This application adheres to the IUPAC rules of standard abbreviations for amino acids.
- unnatural amino acids refers to amino acids that are not naturally encoded or found in the genetic code of any organisms. Typically, the unnatural amino acids are different from the twenty naturally occurring amino acids in their side chain functionality.
- the term “antagonist” refers to compound that diminishes a response.
- the antagonist binds to the same site as the endogenous compound and diminishes or blocks the signal generated by the endogenous agent.
- N-methylation refers to a form of alkylation wherein a methyl group, CH 3 , replaces the hydrogen atom of the NH moiety in the backbone amide NHs of peptides.
- NMe preceding any three-letter abbreviation for an amino acid, i.e. (NMe)Lys, denotes the N-methylated form of the amino acid.
- Nle refers to a Norleucine.
- c or “cyclo” means cyclic, i.e. a cyclic peptide.
- glycosylated is defined as a saccharide (or sugar) covalently attached, i.e. linked, to an amino acid. Specifically, the saccharide is linked to the side-chain of the amino acid.
- the present invention features a melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 1:
- the MC5R peptide ligand is an antagonist of MC5R.
- other embodiments of the MC5R peptide ligand may be agonists of MC5R.
- R 1 may be a glycosylated amino acid.
- the glycosylated amino acid may comprise a saccharide O-linked to a natural amino acid.
- the saccharide is attached to the hydroxyl group of the side-chain of the amino acid, such as Ser, Thr, or Tyr.
- the glycosylated amino acid may comprise a saccharide N-linked to a natural amino.
- the saccharide is attached to the amine group of the side-chain of the amino acid, such as Asn or Lys.
- the saccharide may be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or an oligosaccharide. Examples of saccharides include, but are not limited to, glucose, fructose, and lactose.
- acetylation of the N-terminal results in R 1 being an acetyl.
- R 1 may be —CO—(CH 2 ) n CH 3 or —CO—(CH 2 ) n CF 3 .
- n can range from 1 to 6.
- N-terminal modifications may play a role in stability, protein folding, cellular attachment, and function modulation of the MC5R peptide ligand.
- R 2 may be an —CONH 2 , —COOH, or —CH 2 OH.
- C-terminal modifications such as amidation, can enhance the biological activity of the peptide ligand, increase the ligand's stability, efficacy, and ability to enter cells, as well as increase its ability to resist enzymatic degradation.
- Xaa may be a natural amino acid or an unnatural amino acid.
- Xaa may be the natural amino acid Asp or Glu, or the unnatural amino acid Abu.
- Yaa may be a natural amino acid such as His or Pro, or an unnatural amino acid such as Oic, Ioc, Tic, Cpe, Che, Aic, and Acpc.
- the Yaa modification can provide for a stable ⁇ turn-like structure and improved potency of the MC5R peptide ligand.
- Zaa may be a natural amino acid such as Lys, or an unnatural amino acid such as Orn, and Dab.
- a side-chain of the amino acid in the cyclic peptide may be halogenated.
- the side-chain of His may be halogenated.
- the side-chain of (NMe)D-Nal(2′) or Trp in the cyclic peptide may be para-, meta-, or ortho-halogenated or di-halogenated.
- a side-chain of the amino acid may be glycosylated.
- the side-chain of Lys in the cyclic peptide may be glycosylated.
- R 1 , R 2 , Xaa, Yaa, and Zaa are non-limiting.
- Xaa, Yaa, and Zaa can be any natural amino acid or unnatural amino acid.
- R 1 , R 2 , Xaa, Yaa, and Zaa are each selected to produce a specific MC5R peptide ligand having desired properties.
- N-methylation of the backbone NHs as indicated in FIG. 1 can provide for an increase in blood-brain barrier penetration, selectivity, and stability of the MC5R peptide ligand.
- a non-limiting example of an MC5R peptide ligand resulting from N-methylation of sites indicated in FIG. 1 is the following peptide:
- PEPTIDE 9 Shown in FIG. 2 is PEPTIDE 9, in which R 1 is an acetyl (“Ac”), R 2 is —CONH 2 , Xaa is the natural amino acid “Asp”, Yaa is the natural amino acid “His”, and Zaa is the natural amino acid “Lys”.
- the MC5R peptide ligand is preferably a cyclic peptide formed by the bridging of Xaa to Zaa via ring closing reactions.
- the side chain of the Xaa residue is linked to the side chain of the Zaa residue via a linker L 1 .
- the linker L 1 is a carba, lactam, disulfide, thioether, or succinic linker.
- the linker is not limited to the aforementioned examples, and may depend upon the specific cyclization chemistry used to produce the cyclic peptide.
- carbon-carbon bonds, lactone, thioether, ether, disulfide and other covalent bonds can be used as a part of the ring closing reactions.
- the type of linker can affect the structural, chemical, and biological activity of the peptide ligand.
- the MC5R peptide ligand may be a 23-membered ring.
- the MC5R peptide ligand is a 23-membered ring.
- the MC5R peptide ligand may be a 23 to 29-membered ring.
- Zaa is Orn and Xaa is Glu
- the MC5R peptide ligand is a 23-membered ring.
- Zaa is Lys and Xaa is Glu
- the MC5R peptide ligand is a 24-membered ring.
- the ring size of the MC5R peptide ligand can affect the selectivity of the peptide ligand.
- a 23-membered ring may provide a universal peptide ligand for MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R.
- the peptide ligand may be selective for a particular melanocortin receptor, such as MC1R and MC5R.
- N-Terminal R 1 Acetyl, glycosylated amino acids, —CO—(CH 2 ) n CH 3 , or —CO—(CH 2 ) n CF 3 , n is 1 to 6 C-Terminal R 2 —CONH 2 , —COOH, or —CH 2 OH Amino Acid Xaa Asp, Glu, or Abu Yaa His, Pro, Oic, Ioc, Tic, Cpe, Che, Aic, or Acpc Zaa Lys, Orn, or Dab Amino acid Glycosylated amino acid, p-, m-, o- in the cyclic halogen or di-halogen substitution peptide of a side-chain of the amino acid Cyclic Linker L 1 carba, lactam, disulfide, thioether, or succinic linker Ring Size Xaa, Zaa 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, or 29-membered ring
- the present invention features a melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 2:
- the present invention features a melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 3:
- R 1 may be an acetyl, a glycosylated amino acid, —CO—(CH 2 ) n CH 3 , or —CO—(CH 2 ) n CF 3 .
- n can range from 1 to 6.
- R 2 is an —CONH 2 , —COOH, or —CH 2 OH.
- the present invention features a melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 4:
- R 1 may be an acetyl, a glycosylated amino acid, —CO—(CH 2 ) n CH 3 , or —CO—(CH 2 ) n CF 3 .
- n can range from 1 to 6.
- R 2 is an —CONH 2 , —COOH, or —CH 2 OH.
- Yaa may be a natural amino acid such as His or Pro, or an unnatural amino acid such as Oic, Ioc, Tic, Cpe, Che, Aic, and Acpc.
- the present invention features a melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 5:
- R 1 may be an acetyl, a glycosylated amino acid, —CO—(CH 2 ) n CH 3 , or —CO—(CH 2 ) n CF 3 .
- n can range from 1 to 6.
- R 2 is an —CONH 2 , —COOH, or —CH 2 OH.
- Xaa may be a natural amino acid or an unnatural amino acid.
- Xaa may be the natural amino acid Asp or Glu, or the unnatural amino acid Abu.
- Zaa may be a natural amino acid such as Lys, or an unnatural amino acid such as Orn, and Dab.
- the term “about” refers to plus or minus 10% of the referenced number.
Abstract
R1-Nle4-c[Xaa5-Yaa6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Zaa10]-R2.
Description
- This application is a non-provisional and claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/242,874, filed Oct. 16, 2015, the specification(s) of which is/are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
- This application is a continuation-in-part and claims benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. PCT/US15/35180, filed Jun. 10, 2015, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/017,137, filed Jun. 25, 2014, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/300,991, filed Jun. 10, 2014, the specification(s) of which is/are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
- The present invention relates to modulators of melanocortin receptors (MCR), in particular, to an N-methylated variation of a cyclic peptide and analogues thereof that are modulators for MC5R.
- The melanocortin system remains a challenging target for rational peptide and peptidomimetic design as the 3D-topographical requirements for specific melanocortin receptor subtype recognition have not been fully elucidated. Nevertheless, the numerous multifaceted physiological functions of the five known subtypes of human melanocortin receptors (hMC1-5R) continue to provide a strong stimulus for further development of potent and selective melanocortin agonists and antagonists.
- On the other hand, development of selective ligands to melanocortin system bears intrinsic challenges due to conserved amino acid sequences and their structural similarity contained in the 7 transmembrane GPCR fold. Unlike other protein targets, hMCRs, known to be the smallest GPCRs have separate natural agonist and antagonist molecules for functional regulation. This aspect of hMCRs imposes a second dimension on melanocortin ligands for achieving selectivity not only to receptor subtype but also between the required agonistic and antagonistic properties. Designing such molecules which possess both functional selectivity and hMCR subtype selectivity from a four residue hMCR recognition sequence His-Phe-Arg-Trp is very demanding and necessitates to experiment with every possible molecule designing tool in peptide chemistry.
- Great efforts have been made in the last decade to develop selective melanotropin peptides by following various general approaches. Application of such strategies has resulted in the development of cyclic peptides, such as Ac-Nle4-c[Asp5, D-Nal (2′)7, Lys10]α-MSH(4-10)-NH2 (SHU9119). Although lacking exclusive receptor subtype selectivity, SHU9119 has been extensively used in understanding the combined functional aspects of hMCRs. A proper insight into the structure driven responses of melanocortin subtypes requires a systematic perturbation of ligand conformation. To accomplish this, the present invention is considered to modulate the peptide conformation and the functional side chain disposition of SHU9119 peptide by N-methylation of the backbone amide NHs.
- Any feature or combination of features described herein are included within the scope of the present invention provided that the features included in any such combination are not mutually inconsistent as will be apparent from the context, this specification, and the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. Additional advantages and aspects of the present invention are apparent in the following detailed description and claims.
- Melanocortin receptors, MC1-5R are a family of five receptor compounds of the melanocortin receptor system. Prior to the invention, it has been difficult to target the receptors independently of one another. The key difference between the present invention and similar compounds is that the present invention is specific to individual types of melanocortin receptors, specifically to MC5R. An N-methylated form of SHU9119 and analogues thereof can antagonize MC5R. This could potentially reduce the amount of side effects incurred by the treatments involving the present invention.
- According to one embodiment, the present invention features a
melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 1: -
R1-Nle4-c[Xaa5-Yaa6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Zaa10]-R2. - In some embodiments, R1 may be an acetyl, —CO—(CH2)nCH3, —CO—(CH2)nCF3, or a glycosylated amino acid. Preferably, “n” can range from 1 to 6. In other embodiments, R2 may be an —CONH2, —COOH, or —CH2OH. In one embodiment, Xaa, Yaa, and Zaa may each be a natural amino acid or an unnatural amino acid. The MC5R peptide ligand may be a cyclic peptide formed by the bridging of Xaa to Zaa via a carba, lactam, disulfide, thioether, or succinic linker. In another embodiment, the MC5R peptide ligand has a 23 to 27-membered ring.
-
FIG. 1 shows a structure of SHU 9119. The two arrows indicate the sites of N-methylation of the backbone NHs to form one embodiment of a MC5R modulator. -
FIG. 2 shows a structure of an exemplary MC5R peptide ligand, PEPTIDE 9. - Before the present compounds, compositions, articles, devices, and/or methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to specific synthetic methods or to specific compositions, as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.
- Following is a list of abbreviations referred to herein:
- Abu 2-aminobutyric acid
- Acpc 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid
- Aic 2-aminoindane-2-carboxylic acid
- Che 1-amino-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid
- Cpe 1-amino-1-cyclopentane carboxylic acid
- Dab diaminobutyric acid
- Ioc indoline-2-carboxyic acid
- Oic octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid
- Orn ornithine
- Tic tetrahydro-isoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid
- As used herein, the term “natural amino acids” refers to the twenty amino acids that are found in nature, i.e. occur naturally. The natural amino acids are as follows: alanine, arginine, glycine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, histidine, lysine, methionine, proline, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. This application adheres to the IUPAC rules of standard abbreviations for amino acids.
- As used herein, the term “unnatural amino acids” refers to amino acids that are not naturally encoded or found in the genetic code of any organisms. Typically, the unnatural amino acids are different from the twenty naturally occurring amino acids in their side chain functionality.
- As defined herein, the term “antagonist” refers to compound that diminishes a response. The antagonist binds to the same site as the endogenous compound and diminishes or blocks the signal generated by the endogenous agent.
- As defined herein, the term “N-methylation” refers to a form of alkylation wherein a methyl group, CH3, replaces the hydrogen atom of the NH moiety in the backbone amide NHs of peptides.
- As used herein, the term “NMe” preceding any three-letter abbreviation for an amino acid, i.e. (NMe)Lys, denotes the N-methylated form of the amino acid. As used herein, the term “Nle” refers to a Norleucine. As used herein, the term “c” or “cyclo” means cyclic, i.e. a cyclic peptide.
- As used herein, the term “glycosylated” is defined as a saccharide (or sugar) covalently attached, i.e. linked, to an amino acid. Specifically, the saccharide is linked to the side-chain of the amino acid.
- According to one embodiment, the present invention features a
melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 1: -
R1-Nle4-c[Xaa5-Yaa6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Zaa10]-R2. - According to a preferred embodiment, the MC5R peptide ligand is an antagonist of MC5R. Alternatively, other embodiments of the MC5R peptide ligand may be agonists of MC5R.
- N-Terminal Modification
- In some embodiments, R1 may be a glycosylated amino acid. In one aspect, the glycosylated amino acid may comprise a saccharide O-linked to a natural amino acid. For instance, the saccharide is attached to the hydroxyl group of the side-chain of the amino acid, such as Ser, Thr, or Tyr. In another aspect, the glycosylated amino acid may comprise a saccharide N-linked to a natural amino. For example, the saccharide is attached to the amine group of the side-chain of the amino acid, such as Asn or Lys. The saccharide may be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or an oligosaccharide. Examples of saccharides include, but are not limited to, glucose, fructose, and lactose.
- In other embodiments, acetylation of the N-terminal results in R1 being an acetyl. In further embodiment, R1 may be —CO—(CH2)nCH3 or —CO—(CH2)nCF3. Preferably, “n” can range from 1 to 6.
- Without wishing to limit the invention to a particular theory or mechanism, N-terminal modifications may play a role in stability, protein folding, cellular attachment, and function modulation of the MC5R peptide ligand.
- C-Terminal Modification
- In further embodiments, R2 may be an —CONH2, —COOH, or —CH2OH. Without wishing to limit the invention to a particular theory or mechanism, C-terminal modifications, such as amidation, can enhance the biological activity of the peptide ligand, increase the ligand's stability, efficacy, and ability to enter cells, as well as increase its ability to resist enzymatic degradation.
- Amino Acid Modifications
- In one embodiment, Xaa may be a natural amino acid or an unnatural amino acid. For example, Xaa may be the natural amino acid Asp or Glu, or the unnatural amino acid Abu.
- In another embodiment, Yaa may be a natural amino acid such as His or Pro, or an unnatural amino acid such as Oic, Ioc, Tic, Cpe, Che, Aic, and Acpc. Without wishing to limit the invention to a particular theory or mechanism, the Yaa modification can provide for a stable β turn-like structure and improved potency of the MC5R peptide ligand.
- In a further embodiment, Zaa may be a natural amino acid such as Lys, or an unnatural amino acid such as Orn, and Dab.
- In one alternate embodiment, a side-chain of the amino acid in the cyclic peptide may be halogenated. For example, if Yaa is His, then the side-chain of His may be halogenated. As another example, the side-chain of (NMe)D-Nal(2′) or Trp in the cyclic peptide may be para-, meta-, or ortho-halogenated or di-halogenated. In another alternate embodiment, a side-chain of the amino acid may be glycosylated. For example, the side-chain of Lys in the cyclic peptide may be glycosylated.
- It is understood that the aforementioned examples of R1, R2, Xaa, Yaa, and Zaa are non-limiting. For instance, Xaa, Yaa, and Zaa can be any natural amino acid or unnatural amino acid. Preferably, R1, R2, Xaa, Yaa, and Zaa are each selected to produce a specific MC5R peptide ligand having desired properties.
- Without wishing to limit the present invention to a particular theory or mechanism, N-methylation of the backbone NHs as indicated in
FIG. 1 can provide for an increase in blood-brain barrier penetration, selectivity, and stability of the MC5R peptide ligand. A non-limiting example of an MC5R peptide ligand resulting from N-methylation of sites indicated inFIG. 1 is the following peptide: -
Ac-Nle4-c[Asp5-His6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Lys10]-NH2 (PEPTIDE 9) - Shown in
FIG. 2 isPEPTIDE 9, in which R1 is an acetyl (“Ac”), R2 is —CONH2, Xaa is the natural amino acid “Asp”, Yaa is the natural amino acid “His”, and Zaa is the natural amino acid “Lys”. - Cyclic Modifications
- The MC5R peptide ligand is preferably a cyclic peptide formed by the bridging of Xaa to Zaa via ring closing reactions. In particular, the side chain of the Xaa residue is linked to the side chain of the Zaa residue via a linker L1. In some embodiments, the linker L1 is a carba, lactam, disulfide, thioether, or succinic linker. As understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, the linker is not limited to the aforementioned examples, and may depend upon the specific cyclization chemistry used to produce the cyclic peptide.
- As a non-limiting example, Xaa can be linked to Zaa via an amide bond formation reaction, which may form a —(CH2)—CO—NH—(CH2)n— bridge, where n=1, 2, 3, 4. In addition, carbon-carbon bonds, lactone, thioether, ether, disulfide and other covalent bonds can be used as a part of the ring closing reactions.
- Without wishing to limit the invention to a particular theory or mechanism, the type of linker can affect the structural, chemical, and biological activity of the peptide ligand.
- Ring Size Modification
- Selection of Xaa and Zaa can affect the ring size of the MC5R peptide ligand. Ideally, the MC5R peptide ligand may be a 23-membered ring. For instance, as shown in
FIG. 2 , the MC5R peptide ligand is a 23-membered ring. In another preferred embodiment, the MC5R peptide ligand may be a 23 to 29-membered ring. As another example, if Zaa is Orn and Xaa is Glu, the MC5R peptide ligand is a 23-membered ring. As a further example, if Zaa is Lys and Xaa is Glu, the MC5R peptide ligand is a 24-membered ring. - Without wishing to limit the invention to a particular theory or mechanism, the ring size of the MC5R peptide ligand can affect the selectivity of the peptide ligand. For example, a 23-membered ring may provide a universal peptide ligand for MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R. For a ring-size greater than 26 members, the peptide ligand may be selective for a particular melanocortin receptor, such as MC1R and MC5R.
- Table 1 summarizes the modifications on the MC5R peptide ligand:
-
Modification Variable Variable Examples N-Terminal R1 Acetyl, glycosylated amino acids, —CO—(CH2)nCH3, or —CO—(CH2)nCF3, n is 1 to 6 C-Terminal R2 —CONH2, —COOH, or —CH2OH Amino Acid Xaa Asp, Glu, or Abu Yaa His, Pro, Oic, Ioc, Tic, Cpe, Che, Aic, or Acpc Zaa Lys, Orn, or Dab Amino acid Glycosylated amino acid, p-, m-, o- in the cyclic halogen or di-halogen substitution peptide of a side-chain of the amino acid Cyclic Linker L1 carba, lactam, disulfide, thioether, or succinic linker Ring Size Xaa, Zaa 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, or 29-membered ring - According to another embodiment, the present invention features a
melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 2: -
Ac-Nle4-c[Asp5-His6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Lys10]-NH2 (PEPTIDE 9) - According to another embodiment, the present invention features a
melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 3: -
R1-Nle4-c[Asp5-His6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Lys10]-R2. - In one embodiment, R1 may be an acetyl, a glycosylated amino acid, —CO—(CH2)nCH3, or —CO—(CH2)nCF3. Preferably, n can range from 1 to 6. In another embodiment, R2 is an —CONH2, —COOH, or —CH2OH.
- According to another embodiment, the present invention features a
melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 4: -
R1-Nle4-c[Asp5-Yaa6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Lys10]-R2. - In one embodiment, R1 may be an acetyl, a glycosylated amino acid, —CO—(CH2)nCH3, or —CO—(CH2)nCF3. Preferably, n can range from 1 to 6. In another embodiment, R2 is an —CONH2, —COOH, or —CH2OH. In a further embodiment, Yaa may be a natural amino acid such as His or Pro, or an unnatural amino acid such as Oic, Ioc, Tic, Cpe, Che, Aic, and Acpc.
- According to further embodiment, the present invention features a
melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) peptide ligand according to Formula 5: -
R1-Nle4-c[Xaa5-His6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Zaa10]-R2. - In one embodiment, R1 may be an acetyl, a glycosylated amino acid, —CO—(CH2)nCH3, or —CO—(CH2)nCF3. Preferably, n can range from 1 to 6. In another embodiment, R2 is an —CONH2, —COOH, or —CH2OH. In some embodiments, Xaa may be a natural amino acid or an unnatural amino acid. For example, Xaa may be the natural amino acid Asp or Glu, or the unnatural amino acid Abu. In other embodiments, Zaa may be a natural amino acid such as Lys, or an unnatural amino acid such as Orn, and Dab.
- As used herein, the term “about” refers to plus or minus 10% of the referenced number.
- The disclosures of the following U.S. patent applications are incorporated in their entirety by reference herein: PCT/US15/35180 filed on Jun. 10, 2015.
- Various modifications of the invention, in addition to those described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. Each reference cited in the present application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- Although there has been shown and described the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made thereto which do not exceed the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the invention is only to be limited by the following claims. In some embodiments, the figures presented in this patent application are drawn to scale, including the angles, ratios of dimensions, etc. In some embodiments, the figures are representative only and the claims are not limited by the dimensions of the figures. In some embodiments, descriptions of the inventions described herein using the phrase “comprising” includes embodiments that could be described as “consisting of”, and as such the written description requirement for claiming one or more embodiments of the present invention using the phrase “consisting of” is met.
Claims (15)
R1-Nle4-c[Xaa5-Yaa6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Zaa10]-R2
Ac-Nle4-c[Asp5-His6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Lys10]-NH2 (PEPTIDE 9)
R1-Nle4-c[Asp5-His6-(NMe)D-Nal(2′)7-Arg8-Trp9-(NMe)Lys10]-R2,
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/943,606 US20170022252A1 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2015-11-17 | Novel modulators of melanocortin receptors |
US15/768,340 US10550157B2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-17 | Compositions and methods for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders and mood disorders |
PCT/US2016/057364 WO2017066769A1 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-17 | Compositions and methods for treating central nervous system (cns) disorders and mood disorders |
US16/431,361 US11124542B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2019-06-04 | Modulators of melanocortin receptors |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/300,991 US9290539B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2014-06-10 | Melanotropin ligands for skin care |
US201462017137P | 2014-06-25 | 2014-06-25 | |
PCT/US2015/035180 WO2015191765A2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2015-06-10 | Novel modulators of melanocortin receptors |
US201562242874P | 2015-10-16 | 2015-10-16 | |
US14/943,606 US20170022252A1 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2015-11-17 | Novel modulators of melanocortin receptors |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2015/035180 Continuation-In-Part WO2015191765A2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2015-06-10 | Novel modulators of melanocortin receptors |
US14/943,885 Continuation US9821023B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2015-11-17 | Methods for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and mood disorders |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/768,340 Continuation US10550157B2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-17 | Compositions and methods for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders and mood disorders |
US16/431,361 Continuation US11124542B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2019-06-04 | Modulators of melanocortin receptors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20170022252A1 true US20170022252A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
Family
ID=57835890
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/943,606 Abandoned US20170022252A1 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2015-11-17 | Novel modulators of melanocortin receptors |
US16/431,361 Active US11124542B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2019-06-04 | Modulators of melanocortin receptors |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/431,361 Active US11124542B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2019-06-04 | Modulators of melanocortin receptors |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20170022252A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10329326B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2019-06-25 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Melanocortin 1 receptor ligands and methods of use |
WO2019204496A1 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-24 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for treating melanoma with a chimeric antigen receptor |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5674839A (en) | 1987-05-22 | 1997-10-07 | Competitive Technologies, Inc. | Cyclic analogs of alpha-MSH fragments |
FR2710340B1 (en) | 1993-09-22 | 1995-12-15 | D Hinterland Lucien Dussourd | Alpha-MSH peptide derivatives and their application. |
US5731408A (en) | 1995-04-10 | 1998-03-24 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Peptides having potent antagonist and agonist bioactivities at melanocortin receptors |
AU725827B2 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2000-10-19 | Immunomedics Inc. | Radiometal-binding peptide analogues |
US6350430B1 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 2002-02-26 | Lion Bioscience Science Ag | Melanocortin receptor ligands and methods of using same |
US6228840B1 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2001-05-08 | Edward T. Wei | Melanocortin receptor antagonists and modulations of melanocortin receptor activity |
US6579968B1 (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2003-06-17 | Palatin Technologies, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treatment of sexual dysfunction |
US6919327B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2005-07-19 | Pharmacyclics, Inc. | Texaphyrin coordination compounds and uses thereof |
AU2002322466B2 (en) | 2001-07-11 | 2007-08-30 | Palatin Technologies, Inc. | Linear and cyclic melanocortin receptor-specific peptides |
FR2835528B1 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2004-03-12 | Inst Europ Biolog Cellulaire | NOVEL PEPTIDE DERIVATIVES, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC AND COSMETIC APPLICATION |
US7084111B2 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2006-08-01 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Melanocortin receptor templates, peptides, and use thereof |
WO2005079574A1 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2005-09-01 | Palatin Technologies, Inc. | Bicyclic melanocorin-specific compounds |
WO2005120588A2 (en) | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-22 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Peptides delivered to cell nuclei |
US7442693B2 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2008-10-28 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Diazepine compounds as ligands of the melanocortin 1 and/or 4 receptors |
US20060065309A1 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2006-03-30 | Leasure Jeremy D | Air compressor assembly having removable air compressor |
KR20080041639A (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2008-05-13 | 소시에떼 더 콘세이유 더 레세르세 에 다플리까띠옹 시엔띠피끄, 에스.아.에스. | Ligands of melanocortin receptors |
EP2101806B1 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2013-05-01 | NeuroNova AB | Treatment of parkinson's disease or parkinsonian disorders using agents that decrease the activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor |
EP2504351A4 (en) | 2009-11-23 | 2013-10-30 | Palatin Technologies Inc | Melanocortin-1 receptor-specific linear peptides |
WO2013067309A1 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-10 | Xion Pharmaceutical Corporation | Methods and compositions for oral administration of melanocortin receptor agonist compounds |
-
2015
- 2015-11-17 US US14/943,606 patent/US20170022252A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2019
- 2019-06-04 US US16/431,361 patent/US11124542B2/en active Active
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10329326B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2019-06-25 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Melanocortin 1 receptor ligands and methods of use |
US11230568B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2022-01-25 | H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center And Research Institute, Inc. | Melanocortin 1 receptor ligands and methods of use |
WO2019204496A1 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-24 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for treating melanoma with a chimeric antigen receptor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20190309022A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
US11124542B2 (en) | 2021-09-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7248247B2 (en) | WT1 antigen peptide conjugate vaccine | |
JP6651546B2 (en) | Novel short-chain peptides as kappa (κ) opioid receptor (KOR) agonists | |
Ehrlich et al. | Cyclization of all-L-pentapeptides by means of 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole-derived uronium and phosphonium reagents | |
AU2009233429B2 (en) | Oxytocin analogues | |
US11124542B2 (en) | Modulators of melanocortin receptors | |
CN101107264A (en) | C5a receptor antagonists | |
JP2002530430A (en) | Pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting hepatitis C virus NS3 protease | |
US20210179666A1 (en) | Cyclic peptides and methods of use thereof | |
JP2002167397A (en) | Peptide derivative | |
WO1996016982A2 (en) | Ultraselective opioidmimetic peptides and pharmacological and therapeutic uses thereof | |
De Marco et al. | Strategies to improve bioavailability and in vivo efficacy of the endogenous opioid peptides endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 | |
Lee et al. | Design and synthesis of novel hydrazide-linked bifunctional peptides as δ/μ opioid receptor agonists and CCK-1/CCK-2 receptor antagonists | |
Kleczkowska et al. | Antinociceptive effect induced by a combination of opioid and neurotensin moieties vs. their hybrid peptide [Ile9] PK20 in an acute pain treatment in rodents | |
AU2017350304B2 (en) | Influenza virus neutralizing compounds | |
CN107592865B (en) | Peptidomimetic compounds for neutralizing influenza viruses | |
WO2022177878A1 (en) | Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonists | |
Yan et al. | Structure-activity relationships of β-MSH derived melanocortin-4 receptor peptide agonists | |
Biernat et al. | Amino-Terminal Dimerization of Peptides on the Solid Support. Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Immunosuppressive HLA− DR Fragments Linked by Poly (ethylene glycol) s | |
Sagan et al. | Conformational analysis of the C-terminal Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 tripeptide of substance P bound to the NK-1 receptor | |
Ambo et al. | Opioid receptor‐like 1 (ORL1) receptor binding and the biological properties of Ac‐Arg‐Tyr‐Tyr‐Arg‐Ile‐Arg‐NH2 and its analogs | |
US11904020B2 (en) | Bicyclic peptide ligands specific for TREM2 | |
AU615968B2 (en) | Hypoglycaemic peptides | |
Cameron | Structure based design, synthesis and biological evaluations of cyclic tetrapeptides, β-turn scaffolds and antimicrobial β-hairpins | |
CN116457000A (en) | Conjugated hepcidin mimetics | |
Fang | Design and synthesis of novel linear and cyclic peptide ligands for kappa opioid receptors |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: THE ARIZONA BOARD OF REGENTS ON BEHALF OF THE UNIV Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HRUBY, VICTOR J.;CAI, MINYING;REEL/FRAME:037644/0659 Effective date: 20151214 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE AFTER FINAL ACTION FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: ADVISORY ACTION MAILED |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ARIZONA BOARD OF REGENTS ON BEHALF OF THE UNIVERSI Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HRUBY, VICTOR J.;CAI, MINYING;REEL/FRAME:049398/0440 Effective date: 20151214 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |