WO2004108989A1 - 放電表面処理用電極及びその製造方法並びにその保管方法 - Google Patents
放電表面処理用電極及びその製造方法並びにその保管方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004108989A1 WO2004108989A1 PCT/JP2004/001471 JP2004001471W WO2004108989A1 WO 2004108989 A1 WO2004108989 A1 WO 2004108989A1 JP 2004001471 W JP2004001471 W JP 2004001471W WO 2004108989 A1 WO2004108989 A1 WO 2004108989A1
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- electrode
- powder
- surface treatment
- discharge surface
- discharge
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a discharge surface treatment technique, and more particularly, to a method of forming a compact between a metal powder or a metal compound powder or a compact formed by compressing a ceramic powder as an electrode.
- Discharge surface treatment technology that generates a pulse-like discharge on the surface of the workpiece and uses the energy to form a film of the electrode material on the workpiece surface or a film of a substance in which the electrode material reacts with the energy of the pulse-like discharge. It is about. Background art
- welding is a method in which the material of the welding rod is melted and adhered to the workpiece by electric discharge between the workpiece and the welding rod.
- Spraying is a method in which a metal material is melted and sprayed onto the workpiece in a spray. This is a method of forming a film.
- welding is a method in which heat concentrates on the workpiece, so when processing thin materials, or when the material is fragile like a directional control alloy such as a single crystal alloy or a directionally solidified alloy, or when the material is weak. The problem that welding cracks occur and the yield is low There is also.
- Patent Document 1
- Patent Document 2
- the supply of material from the electrode side, the manner of melting of the supplied material on the work surface and bonding with the work material have the most influence on the coating performance. . It is the strength, ie, hardness, of the electrode that affects the supply of this electrode material.
- the supply of electrode material by discharge is suppressed while the electrode has a certain degree of hardness, and a hard ceramic film is formed on the work surface by sufficiently melting the supplied material. are doing.
- the formed film is limited to a thin film of up to about 10 / m.
- a compact electrode formed by compressing ceramic powder is used to improve the wear resistance of parts and molds by using hard materials such as TiC (titanium carbide). A coating was formed. Electrodes used for such a discharge surface treatment are manufactured by compressing a ceramic powder by a press and then heating (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- metal powders having an average particle size of 3 m or less tend to increase the attractive force between the powders due to the action of intermolecular force and electrostatic force, and are liable to agglomerate into large agglomerates.
- a discharge surface treatment is performed using a green compact electrode having such a large mass, the large mass accumulates on the work surface, causing not only short-circuiting and unstable discharge, but also a reduction in the surface roughness of the coating. There is a problem of lowering.
- Patent Document 2 is directed to a ceramic powder having a weak powder-to-powder attraction force, so that even after paraffin is mixed with the powder, the powder is unlikely to become a large agglomerate. . That is, the invention described in Patent Document 2 does not deal with aggregation of metal powder.
- an electrode manufacturing technology different from green compacts is similarly established by forming a metal powder by pressing and then heating until the metal is completely melted. In this case, however, no action is taken on the aggregation of metal powder because the metal is melted.
- a commercially available ceramic powder is directly compression-molded in the air by a press, and then heated to manufacture the electrode (for example, see Patent Document 2). Since the ceramic used for this electrode has a high oxidizing temperature, the oxidizing does not proceed even when a dried powder having an average particle size of about 1 ⁇ m is left in the air. For this reason, ceramic powders having an average particle size of several ⁇ are commercially available and easy to mold.
- WC and Co are metals that are not easily oxidized like TiC. Examples of metals that are difficult to oxidize include Ni (nickel) in addition to Co.
- Ni nickel
- Ti which is lightweight, high-strength, and resistant to oxidation at high temperatures
- the solid solution (agglomerate) of ⁇ i has only slightly oxidized surface in the atmosphere and remains T i inside.
- the effect of surface area on the volume increases, and heat due to oxidation of the powder surface propagates inside the particles and oxidizes inside the powder.
- the powder loses conductivity and cannot be used as an electrode for discharge surface treatment. This is because discharge cannot occur unless the electrode has conductivity.
- the oxidizing of the powder of T i may proceed explosively.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and has as its object to establish a discharge surface treatment technique capable of forming a film stably.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a discharge surface treatment electrode capable of forming a dense thick film, a method of manufacturing the same, and a method of storing the discharge surface treatment electrode.
- the present invention provides a discharge surface treatment electrode capable of forming a thick film by performing a stable discharge without reducing surface roughness in a discharge surface treatment using a metal powder as a green compact electrode, and manufacturing the same.
- the aim is to get the method.
- the electrode for the discharge surface treatment can be easily produced from a metal powder which is easily oxidized or an alloy powder containing a oxidized metal.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an electrode for discharge surface treatment and an electrode for discharge surface treatment produced by the method.
- a metal powder, a powder of a metal compound, or a green compact obtained by compression-molding a conductive ceramic powder is used as an electrode, and the electrode is connected to the electrode in a liquid or air.
- a pulse-like discharge is generated between the discharge surface and the work, and the energy of the discharge surface forms a film of the electrode material on the work surface or a film of the substance reacted by the discharge energy of the pulse on the work surface.
- the size of the powder agglomerates of the metal powder or the metal compound powder or the conductive ceramic powder contained in the green compact is determined between the electrode and the workpiece. Is smaller than the distance.
- a compact is formed by compression-molding a metal powder or a metal compound powder, and a pulse is applied between the electrode and the workpiece in a working fluid or in the air.
- Surface discharge used to generate a discharge in the form of a pulse, and using the energy to form a film made of the electrode material on the work surface or a film made of a substance in which the electrode material reacts with the energy of the pulsed discharge
- the electrode is characterized in that a metal powder or a powder of a metal compound is finely divided in a liquid that volatilizes in the air, and is compression-molded without being completely dried.
- a compact is formed by compression-molding a metal powder or a metal compound powder, and a pulse is applied between the electrode and the workpiece in a working fluid or in the air.
- Surface discharge used to generate a discharge in the form of a pulse, and using the energy to form a film made of the electrode material on the work surface or a film made of a substance in which the electrode material reacts with the energy of the pulsed discharge
- fine metal powder or metal in a liquid that evaporates in the atmosphere Characterized by being formed by compression molding while drying the powder of the compound of the formula (1) under pressure.
- a compact is formed by compression-molding a metal powder or a metal compound powder, and a pulse is applied between the electrode and the workpiece in a working fluid or in the air.
- Surface discharge used to generate a discharge in the form of a pulse, and using the energy to form a film made of the electrode material on the work surface or a film made of a substance in which the electrode material reacts with the energy of the pulsed discharge
- the electrode is characterized in that it is formed by compressing a metal powder or a metal compound powder in which only the surface of the powder is oxidized by adjusting the amount of oxygen in a dry atmosphere and then oxidizing the powder after making it fine in a liquid.
- a compact formed by compression-molding a metal powder or a powder of a metal compound is used as an electrode, and the electrode and the workpiece are interposed in a machining fluid or in the air.
- Discharge surface treatment used for discharge surface treatment in which a pulsed discharge is generated and the energy forms a film made of the electrode material on the workpiece surface or a film made of a substance reacted with the electrode material by the pulsed discharge energy
- the electrode for use is characterized in that metal powder or metal compound powder finely divided in wax is compression-molded.
- a metal powder, a powder of a metal compound, or a green compact obtained by compression-molding a ceramic powder is used as an electrode, and the electrode and the work are interposed in the working fluid.
- a pulse-like discharge is generated in the surface of the workpiece, and the energy is used to form a film consisting of the electrode material or a film consisting of a substance in which the electrode material reacts with the energy of the pulse-like discharge.
- An electrode for electric discharge surface treatment in which oil or a machining fluid used for electric discharge surface treatment has penetrated into the inner space of a compact formed by compression molding of metal powder, metal compound powder, or ceramic powder.
- a metal powder, a powder of a metal compound, or a green compact obtained by compression-molding a ceramic powder is used as an electrode, and the electrode and the work are interposed in the working fluid.
- a pulse-like discharge is generated in the A discharge surface treatment electrode used for discharge surface treatment for forming a film made of an electrode material or a film made of a substance in which the electrode material is reacted by pulsed discharge energy on a work surface by using a metal powder;
- oil or a working fluid used for electric discharge surface treatment is infiltrated into an inner space of the green compact.
- a green compact obtained by compression-molding a metal powder, a metal compound powder, or a conductive ceramic powder is used as an electrode.
- a pulse-like discharge is generated between the electrode and the work in the air, and the energy causes the film formed of the electrode material on the work surface or the material that the electrode material reacts with the energy of the discharge on the pulse.
- a method for producing an electrode for electric discharge surface treatment used for electric discharge surface treatment for forming a coating comprising: a powder mass obtained by aggregating a metal powder or a metal compound powder or a conductive ceramic powder contained in a green compact; Sorting or decomposing so that the size of the powder is smaller than the distance between the electrode and the workpiece-a disassembling process, and compression molding of the selected or decomposed powder Characterized in that it comprises a step.
- the electrode and the workpiece are worked in a working fluid or in the air by using a metal powder or a green compact obtained by compression-molding a powder of a metal compound as an electrode.
- the discharge surface treatment generates a pulsed discharge between the electrodes and forms a film made of the electrode material or a film made of a substance in which the electrode material reacts with the pulsed discharge energy on the work surface by the energy.
- a method for producing an electrode for discharge surface treatment used comprising: a step of refining a metal powder or a metal compound powder in a volatile solution; and completely drying the refined metal powder or the metal compound powder. Compression molding without performing, and a step of volatilizing the volatile solution. ⁇
- the electrode and the workpiece are worked in a working fluid or in the air by using a metal powder or a green compact obtained by compression-molding a powder of a metal compound as an electrode.
- Generates a pulsed discharge between A method for producing an electrode for discharge surface treatment, which is used for a discharge surface treatment for forming a film composed of an electrode material or a film composed of a substance in which the electrode material is reacted by the pulsed discharge energy on the work surface.
- the electrode and the workpiece are worked in a working fluid or in the air by using a metal powder or a green compact obtained by compression-molding a powder of a metal compound as an electrode.
- a method for producing an electrode for electric discharge surface treatment used for treatment comprising: a step of refining a metal powder or a powder of a metal compound in a liquid; and a step of drying the fine powder of the metal powder or the metal compound. And a step of compression-molding the dried metal powder or metal compound powder.
- the electrode and the workpiece are worked in a working fluid or in the air by using a metal powder or a green compact obtained by compression-molding a powder of a metal compound as an electrode.
- the discharge surface treatment generates a pulsed discharge between the electrodes and forms a film made of the electrode material or a film made of a substance in which the electrode material reacts with the pulsed discharge energy on the work surface by the energy.
- a method for producing a discharge surface treatment electrode to be used comprising: a step of making a metal powder or a metal compound powder fine in a volatile solution; and a step of making the fine metal powder or the metal compound powder inert. Drying in a gas atmosphere, gradually oxidizing the dried metal powder or metal compound powder, and pressing the slowly oxidized metal powder or metal compound powder.
- a step of forming characterized in that it comprises a.
- a green compact obtained by compression-molding a metal powder or a powder of a metal compound is used as an electrode in a working fluid or gas.
- a pulse-like discharge is generated between the electrode and the workpiece in the inside, and a film made of an electrode material or a film made of a substance in which the electrode material reacts with the pulse-like discharge energy on the work surface by the energy.
- a method for producing an electrode for electric discharge surface treatment used for electric discharge surface treatment for forming a metal powder or a metal compound powder in a wax comprising the steps of: And compression molding.
- a powder compact of a metal powder or a powder of a metal compound or a compact of a ceramic powder is used as an electrode, A pulse-like discharge is generated between the electrode and the workpiece in the process, and a film made of the electrode material or a film made of a substance in which the electrode material reacts by the pulse-like discharge energy is formed on the work surface by the energy.
- a method for producing an electrode for electric discharge surface treatment used for electric discharge surface treatment comprising: a step of compression-molding a metal powder, a metal compound powder, or a ceramic powder to form a green compact; A step of infiltrating oil or a machining fluid used for electric discharge surface treatment into an internal space of the apparatus.
- a green compact obtained by compression-molding a metal powder, a metal compound powder, or a ceramic powder is used as an electrode in a working fluid.
- a method for producing an electrode for discharge surface treatment used for surface treatment comprising the steps of compression molding metal powder, metal compound powder, or ceramic powder to form a green compact, and heating the green compact And a step of infiltrating oil or a working fluid used for electric discharge surface treatment into the internal space of the green compact after the heat treatment.
- a metal powder, a powder of a metal compound, or a green compact obtained by compression-molding a ceramic powder is used as an electrode in a working fluid. Pulse-like discharge is generated between the electrode and the workpiece.
- a method for storing an electrode for discharge surface treatment used for discharge surface treatment in which a film made of an electrode material or a film made of a material in which the electrode material is reacted by the pulsed discharge energy is formed on the work surface by the energy. It is characterized in that an electrode for electric discharge surface treatment is immersed in oil or a machining fluid used for electric discharge surface treatment and stored.
- a metal powder, a powder of a metal compound, or a green compact obtained by compression-molding a ceramic powder is used as an electrode in a working fluid.
- a pulse-like discharge is generated between the electrode and the work, and the energy forms a film made of the electrode material or a film made of a substance in which the electrode material reacts with the pulse-like discharge energy on the work surface.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a discharge surface treatment in a discharge surface treatment apparatus
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a production process of an electrode for discharge surface treatment
- FIG. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the state of the forming device of Fig. 4.
- Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional photograph of an electrode manufactured when the sieving step is omitted.
- Fig. 5 is a screen manufactured by sieving.
- Fig. 6 is a graph showing an example of a current waveform and a voltage waveform between the electrodes at the time of discharge surface treatment
- Fig. 7 is a graph showing the use of sifted stellite powder.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a discharge surface treatment in a discharge surface treatment apparatus
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a production process of an electrode for discharge surface treatment
- FIG. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the state of the forming device of
- FIG. 8 is a photograph showing a state of a film formed by performing a discharge surface treatment using the sifted electrode.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship between a mesh size of the sieve and a film thickness. And an electric wire manufactured using a sieve with a mesh size of 0.5 mm.
- FIG. 10 is a photograph of the surface of the film formed by the electrode, and FIG. 10 is a flowchart in the case of manufacturing an electrode for discharge surface treatment from a metal powder or a ceramic powder having an average particle diameter of several ⁇ which is difficult to oxidize.
- 11 Figure 1 shows that the average particle size is several tens;
- Fig. 12 is a flowchart in the case of manufacturing an electrode for discharge surface treatment from metal powder, and Fig.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart in the case of manufacturing an electrode for discharge surface treatment from an easily oxidizable metal powder having an average particle size of several tens of ⁇ m.
- FIG. 13 is a photograph showing a state of a film formed by the discharge surface treatment
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of another electrode for discharge surface treatment according to the present invention.
- Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the state of a molding machine when molding powder
- Fig. 16 is a conceptual diagram showing how a discharge surface treatment is performed by a discharge surface treatment apparatus.
- Fig. 17A shows the voltage waveform (electrode voltage waveform) applied between the electrode 301 and the workpiece 302 during discharge
- Fig. 17B shows the discharge surface treatment device during discharge.
- Fig. 18 shows the current waveform of the current flowing through the Which is a diagram showing how the weight of the electrode increases by the time immersed in machining fluid.
- a stable discharge is performed, and the discharge surface treatment for depositing a thick film without reducing the surface roughness of the film is performed.
- An electrode and a method for manufacturing the electrode will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a discharge surface treatment in a discharge surface treatment apparatus.
- the discharge surface treatment apparatus 1 includes a workpiece (hereinafter, referred to as a work) 11 on which a coating 14 is to be formed, and an electrode 1 2 for discharge surface treatment for forming a coating 14 on the surface of the workpiece 11. And, And, a discharge surface treatment power supply 13 that is electrically connected to the discharge surface treatment electrode 11 and the discharge surface treatment electrode 12 and supplies a voltage to the two to generate an arc discharge between the two. .
- the work tank 1 and the electrode for discharge surface treatment 1 2 facing the work 11 should be filled with an oil-based machining liquid 15 such as kerosene. 6 is further installed.
- an oil-based machining liquid 15 such as kerosene. 6 is further installed.
- the discharge surface treatment is performed in the air, the workpiece 11 and the discharge surface treatment electrode 12 are placed in a treatment atmosphere.
- FIG. 1 and the following description exemplify a case in which a discharge surface treatment is performed in a machining fluid.
- the electrode for discharge surface treatment may be simply referred to as an electrode.
- the distance between the facing surfaces of the discharge surface treatment electrode 12 and the workpiece 11 is referred to as the distance between the electrodes.
- the discharge surface treatment is, for example, a discharge surface treatment in which a workpiece 11 on which a coating 14 is to be formed is used as an anode, and a powder having an average particle diameter of 10 nm to several ⁇ m of a metal / ceramic as a supply source of the coating 14 is formed.
- the electrodes 12 are used as cathodes, and a discharge is generated between the electrodes while controlling the distance between the electrodes by a control mechanism (not shown) so that the electrodes do not come into contact with each other in the working fluid 15.
- a part of the work 11 and a part of the electrode 12 are melted by the heat of the discharge.
- a part of the electrode 12 (hereinafter, referred to as electrode particles) 21 which is melted by the blast due to the discharge or the electrostatic force is formed from the electrode 12. It is separated and moves toward the work 1 1 surface. Then, when the electrode particles 21 reach the surface of the work 11, they are re-solidified to form a film 14.
- a part 23 of the separated electrode particles 21 reacting with the component 22 in the working fluid 15 or air also forms a film 14 on the surface of the workpiece 11. In this way, a film 14 is formed on the surface of the work 11.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the discharge surface treatment electrode.
- a metal or ceramic powder having the component of the coating 14 to be formed on the workpiece 11 is ground (step S 1).
- the powders of each component are mixed and pulverized so as to have a desired ratio.
- spherical powders of metals, metal compounds or ceramics having an average particle size of several tens of meters / m, which are distributed in the market, are ground to a mean particle size of 3 or less by a mill such as a ball mill.
- the pulverization may be performed in a liquid, but in this case, the liquid is evaporated to dry the powder (step S2).
- step S3 Since the powder after drying is agglomerated with the powder to form a large lump, in order to break up the large lump and sufficiently mix the powder used in the next step with the powder, Sift (step S3). For example, if a ceramic or metal sphere is placed on a sieve net where the agglomerated powder remains, and the net is vibrated, the agglomerate formed by the collision with the vibrating energy sphere will fall apart. Pass through the mesh. Only the powder that has passed through this mesh is used in the following steps. Specifically, the powder containing the agglomerated mass is placed on a net having a mesh size smaller than the distance between the poles.
- a voltage applied between the discharge surface treatment electrode 12 and the workpiece 11 to generate a discharge is usually in a range of 80 V to 300 V.
- the distance between the electrode 12 and the work 11 during the discharge surface treatment is about 0.3 mm.
- the agglomerated mass constituting the electrode 12 is separated from the electrode 12 as it is by the arc discharge generated between the electrodes.
- the size of the lump is less than the distance between the poles (less than 0.3 mm)
- the next discharge is performed even if there is a lump between the poles. Can be generated.
- the discharge occurs at a short distance, the discharge occurs at the location of the lump, and the heat energy of the discharge divided by the explosive power makes it possible to finely frame the lump.
- the lump When the size of the lump constituting the electrode 12 is greater than the distance between the electrodes (0.3 mm or more), the lump detaches from the electrode 12 as it is due to the discharge, and the work 11 It accumulates on the top and drifts between the electrodes 12 and the workpiece 11 between the electrodes filled with the working fluid 15.
- the discharge occurs at a point where the distance between the electrode 12 and the workpiece 11 is short, so the discharge concentrates at that part, and no discharge can occur at other places.
- Work 1 1 Cannot be uniformly deposited on the surface. Also, this large lump cannot be completely melted by the heat of discharge. As a result, the coating 14 is very brittle and can be cut by hand.
- step S3 a step of sieving the agglomerated powder in step S3 is necessary in order to prevent the agglomeration generated by such agglomeration of the powder during the discharge surface treatment.
- it is necessary to use meshes smaller than the distance between poles when sieving.
- Step S4 mix wax such as paraffin with the powder by about 1% to 10% by weight.
- Step S4 Mixing the powder and wax can improve the formability, but the powder will be covered again by the liquid, so it will agglomerate by the action of its intermolecular and electrostatic forces to form large lumps. would. Therefore, the re-agglomerated lump is sifted to be separated (step S5). .
- the method of sieving here is the same as the method in step S3 described above.
- the obtained powder is formed by a compression press (step S6).
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state of a molding machine when molding a powder.
- the upper punch 103 is inserted from above the hole formed in the mold (die) 105.
- the powder 101 is compression-molded by applying pressure from both sides of the upper punch 103 and the lower punch 104 filled with the powder 101 using a pressurizer or the like.
- the compression molded powder 101 is referred to as a green compact.
- the electrode 12 becomes hard, and if the press pressure is decreased, the electrode 12 becomes soft.
- the electrode 12 becomes hard, and when the particle diameter of the powder 101 is large, the electrode 12 becomes soft.
- the green compact is taken out of the molding machine and heated in a vacuum furnace or a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a conductive electrode (step S7).
- the heating temperature is increased, the electrode 12 becomes hard, and if the heating temperature is decreased, the electrode 12 becomes soft. Further, by heating, the electric resistance of the electrode 12 can be reduced. Therefore, do not mix the wax in step S4! Heating is meaningful even when compression molding is performed with /. As a result, the bonding between the powders in the green compact advances, and the discharge surface treatment electrode 12 having conductivity is manufactured.
- step S1 when the above-mentioned pulverization process of step S1 is omitted, that is, when the powder having an average particle size of several tens / zm is used as it is, or when the sieve process of step S3 is omitted, a large lump of 0.3 mm or more
- the electrode 12 for discharge surface treatment can be formed even in the case where both are mixed, the electrode 12 is not preferable because it has a hardness variation such that the surface has a high hardness and the center has a low hardness. Further, in such an electrode 12, although the central portion is consumed by the discharge, the vicinity of the surface is not consumed, which is not preferable because the deposition on the surface of the work 11 does not proceed.
- the outer periphery of the electrodes 12 is hard, The electrode material is not supplied, and the surface of the work 11 is removed. On the contrary, the center of the electrode 12 is brittle and is consumed immediately after the treatment is started. As a result, the surface of the electrode 12 has a shape in which the outer peripheral portion protrudes and the central portion is depressed, and the discharge occurs only in the outer peripheral portion having a small gap between the electrodes. Deposition processing cannot be performed.
- step S1 Co and Ni (nickel), which are difficult to be oxidized, and powders of these alloys, oxides and ceramics having an average particle diameter of 3 m or less are often distributed on the market.
- the above-described pulverizing step of step S1 and drying step of step S2 can be omitted.
- stellite powder (Co alloy, average particle size of 50 m), which is a material that is not easily acidified at temperatures below 800 ° C, is ground with a vibrating mill until the average particle size becomes 1.5 m. Thereafter, it was dried.
- the stellite used here was 25 wt% Cr (chromium), 10 wt% Ni (nickel), 7 wt% W (tungsten), 0.5 wt% C (carbon), and the remaining Co,
- the composition is as follows.
- Mo (molybdenum) 28 wt%, Cr 17 wt%, Si (silicon) 3 wt%, and the remaining Co or Cr 28 wt%, Ni 5 wt% %, W 19 wt%, balance Co, may be used.
- Electrodes were produced with the unsieved powder and the sieved powder, respectively.
- the dimensions of the mold used for pressing were 18.2 mm in diameter and 30.5 mm in length. After stellite powder was compression-molded at a predetermined press pressure using such a mold, heating was performed.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional photograph of the electrode when it was refined with paraffin, mixed with paraffin, and refined again with a sieve with a mesh size of 0.3mm.
- the polarity used was negative on the electrode side and positive on the workpiece side.
- a treatment time of about 5 minutes and a film thickness of about 0.1 mm were obtained under any pulse conditions of discharge. A coating could be formed.
- the discharge surface treatment using electrodes made of unsieved stellite powder short-circuiting occurs and the discharge becomes unstable, processing does not proceed, and deposition processing can be performed.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a current waveform and a voltage waveform between the electrodes during the discharge surface treatment.
- the upper waveform V is the voltage
- the lower waveform I is the current.
- the underline of 1 at the right end indicates 0 A
- the underline of 3 indicates 0 V.
- the horizontal axis is 100 ms / div
- the vertical axis is 50 V / div on the top and 5AZdiv on the bottom.
- the waveform W1 shown on the left side from the approximate center of the figure is a waveform when a voltage is applied and a current can be generated.
- the current waveform varies.
- Fig. 7 shows the appearance of the film formed by performing the discharge surface treatment using the electrode made using the sieved stellite powder.
- the machining conditions discharge pulse conditions
- peak current i e 12 A
- discharge duration t e 64 ⁇ s. If a short circuit occurs between the poles, a large lump will accumulate on the workpiece or the coating will have holes. In FIG. 7, however, no irregularities were observed in the coating, indicating that the coating was formed by stable discharge.
- the electrode when the electrode is compression-molded using a powder of metal or ceramic, a large lump formed by agglomeration of the powder, specifically, the electrode and the workpiece during the discharge surface treatment are formed.
- An electrode for treating a discharge surface which does not include a lump having a size larger than the distance between the electrodes is manufactured.
- the large lumps do not accumulate on the workpiece during the discharge surface treatment and do not drip between the electrodes, so that a stable discharge can be obtained.
- a smooth thick film on the surface can be obtained.
- step S 2 In the case where powder having an average particle size of 3 ⁇ 111 or less is obtained directly from the market and an electrode is manufactured, the above-described drying step (step S 2) and the subsequent sieving step (step S 3) are unnecessary. is there.
- powder made by the water atomizing method has a spherical shape, and has high moldability at the time of compression shaping without mixing paraffin. Therefore, when producing an electrode using such a powder, the paraffin mixing step (step S 4) No subsequent sieving step (step S5) is required.
- the relationship between the mesh size of the sieve and the coating thickness was investigated using Co powder having an average particle size of 1 mm.
- the powder after sieving was used.
- the dimensions of the mold were 18.2 mm in diameter and 30.5 mm in length.
- the electrode manufactured by heating was used. Using.
- the processing conditions were the same as in Embodiment 1, and the processing time was 10 minutes.
- Fig. 8 shows the relationship between the sieve mesh size and the coating thickness.
- the coating thickness in FIG. 8 is the average value of the coating thickness measured at five points on the coating. From FIG. 8, it can be seen that when the mesh size exceeds 0.3 mm, the film thickness with respect to the processing time decreases, and when the mesh size is 0.5 mm or more, the film could not be deposited. This is because, when the mesh size exceeds 0.3 mm, a large lump that cannot be melted by the discharge starts to appear in the gaps, causing a short circuit and unstable discharge, reducing the number of discharges. It is considered that the coating thickness was reduced. This is inferred from the distance between the electrode and the workpiece as described above in the first embodiment.
- Fig. 9 shows a photograph of the surface of the film formed by an electrode manufactured using a sieve having a mesh size of 0.5 mm. From Fig. 9, it can be seen that a large lump of stellite powder causes a short circuit between the poles, and that a large current flows so that small protruding grains A appear to adhere to the coating.
- stable discharge can be obtained and a thick film can be deposited by setting the mesh size of the sieve to 0.3 mm or less, which is the distance between the electrode and the work.
- the metal film is formed by the discharge surface treatment.
- An electrode for discharge surface treatment comprising an easily oxidized metal powder or an easily oxidized metal powder, and an alloy powder containing a metal, and a method for producing the same will be described.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of an electrode for discharge surface treatment.
- a metal, metal compound, or ceramic powder having a component of a film to be formed on a workpiece is purchased (step S11).
- these powders are commercially available spherical metal-ceramic powders having an average particle diameter of about several ⁇ m, which are difficult to oxidize.
- step S12 wax such as paraffin is added to the metal powder, metal compound powder, ceramic powder by weight ratio. Mix about 1% to 10% (step S12).
- step S14 the obtained powder is compression-molded by a compression press.
- the compression molding of the powder is performed using a molding machine in the manner described in the first embodiment.
- the mass of the powder formed by compression molding is referred to as a green compact.
- the green compact is taken out of the molding machine and heated in a vacuum furnace or a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a conductive electrode (step S15).
- a vacuum furnace or a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a conductive electrode.
- Heating can also lower the electrical resistance of the electrodes. Therefore, heating is meaningful even when compression molding is performed without mixing wax in step S12. As a result, the bonding between the powders in the green compact progresses, and a conductive discharge surface treatment electrode is manufactured.
- An electrode for discharge surface treatment using a metal powder or a ceramic powder that is difficult to oxidize as an electrode material can be manufactured by the above method.
- metal powders and ceramic powders that are difficult to oxidize are distributed on the market as powders having an average particle size of several meters.
- metal powders having an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ or more are readily available on the market.
- the surface area to volume ratio of the particles increases, ie, the heat capacity decreases, and the powder becomes very sensitive to energy. For this reason, for example, when oxygen is present around a metal powder that is easily oxidized, the powder is oxidized to the inside at a stretch and loses metal properties such as conductivity and ductility. In addition, powder acid may explode.
- the average particle size of the easily oxidizable metal powders on the market is as large as 10 ⁇ or more.
- metals that are easily oxidized include Cr (chromium), A1 (aluminum), and Ti (titanium). Therefore, even when such an easily oxidizable metal powder is used as an electrode material, if the electrode is solidified by compression molding, the surface of the electrode is oxidized, but the inside is not so oxidized. In addition, the powder does not explode explosively. Therefore, a method for manufacturing a surface treatment electrode using a commercially available metal powder having an average particle size of several tens ⁇ and resistant to acid as an electrode material will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. I do.
- a commercially available metal powder with an average particle size of several tens of meters that is difficult to acidify is reduced to 3 m or less in a highly volatile solvent such as acetone using a powder mill such as a ball mill. Crush until it is no more (step S21). After that, the solvent is evaporated to dry the powder (step S22). Since the powder after drying has agglomerated powder and powder to form a large lump, it is necessary to separate the large lump and sufficiently mix the wax and powder used in the next step. Then, sift (Step S2 3).
- Step S2 4 wax such as paraffin is mixed with the powder at a weight ratio of about 1% to 10% as needed.
- a force that can improve the formability When powder and wax are mixed, a force that can improve the formability.
- the periphery of the powder will be covered with liquid again, so that it will aggregate by the action of intermolecular force and electrostatic force to form a large lump. I will.
- the re-agglomerated mass is sieved to separate it (Step S25, then the obtained powder is compression-molded by a compression press (Step S26)). This is performed using a molding machine in the manner described in Embodiment 1.
- a lump of compression-molded powder is referred to as a green compact.
- the green compact is taken out from the molding machine and heated in a vacuum furnace or a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a conductive electrode (step S27).
- a vacuum furnace or a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a conductive electrode.
- Heating can also lower the electrical resistance of the electrodes. For this reason, heating is meaningful even when compression molding is performed without mixing wax in step 14. As a result, the bonding between the powders in the green compact progresses, and a discharge surface treatment electrode having conductivity is manufactured.
- a commercially available electrode for discharge surface treatment using a commercially available metal powder having a mean particle size of several tens of ⁇ m which is difficult to oxidize can be manufactured by the above method.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of the electrode for discharge surface treatment according to the present invention.
- the average particle size of a commercially available metal powder which is easily oxidized is several tens.
- Step S31 a commercially available easily oxidizable metal powder with an average particle size of several tens of ⁇ m was mounted on a pole mill.
- the powder is ground in a volatile alcohol or solvent (hereinafter referred to as a solvent) until the average particle size becomes 3 ⁇ or less (Step S31).
- Step S32 After being sick, transfer the metal powder and solvent to a container and perform solid-liquid separation. Specifically, the electrode powder, that is, the metal powder is settled and separated in a solvent, and the supernatant solvent is removed to obtain only the metal powder. (Step S32). The metal powder at this point is not oxidized because it contains a sufficient amount of solvent.
- the obtained metal powder is compression-molded by a compression press without drying (step S33).
- the mass of the powder formed by compression molding is referred to as green compact.
- the compression molding of the powder is performed using a molding machine in the manner described in the first embodiment.
- the solvent is volatilized by leaving the metal powder in a pressurized state for a while until the metal powder forms an electrode.
- a solvent with a low boiling point such as acetone
- the solvent only needs to be dried to such an extent that the green compact can maintain its shape, and it is not necessary to volatilize the solvent. Therefore, if the green compact is dried to a certain extent and can maintain its shape, it is possible to extract the green compact from the molding machine before the solvent is completely dried.
- the metal powder has no oxide film on the surface, the powder and the metal are bonded to each other. Therefore, when the metal powder is used as an electrode material, an electrode having a certain strength can be formed. Further, even if the metal powder is easily oxidized, the inside of the powder is not oxidized when it is hardened. This is because the metal powder combines with many surrounding metal powders, increasing the volume ratio to the surface area (similar to increasing the particle size), and the heat generated when the metal powder oxidizes. This is because they have become less sensitive.
- the electrode (compact) when the electrode (compact) is dried, a small space is formed between the metal powder and the portion occupied by the solvent, that is, the metal powder in the electrode. Since the volume of this space is very small and the amount of oxygen existing there is very small, the oxidation of the metal powder remains only on the surface. Then, once the oxide film is formed on the surface of the metal powder, the metal powder is in a chemically extremely stable state (high entropy state). For this reason, even if the metal powder on which the oxide film is formed is exposed to the atmosphere, the inside thereof is not oxidized. Therefore, by performing the above steps S31 to S33, the oxidation of the metal powder can be stopped by the oxidation of only the surface.
- the electrode is heated in a vacuum furnace or a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a conductive electrode (step S34). Even if the green compact is not completely dried in the press, all the solvent will evaporate during this heating step.
- an electrode for discharge surface treatment using a commercially available metal powder having an average particle size of several tens of ⁇ m and easily oxidizable can be manufactured.
- the time required for the solvent to evaporate can be reduced by heating the mold to an appropriate degree (about the boiling point of the solvent) during pressing.
- the mold may be heated to about 60 ° C.
- a high temperature such as 300 ° C to 100 ° C
- the force that melts the metal powder or advances the bonding of the metal powder excessively. If so, no problem arises.
- the green compact made of the metal powder which is easily oxidized is in a solidified state.
- the metal powder constituting the green compact is combined with many surrounding metal powders as described above, and the volume ratio to the surface area is increased (similar to the apparent increase in particle size). )
- the metal powder is insensitive to heat when it oxidizes, and the inside of the powder is not oxidized. If metal powder is used due to poor moldability, mix wax with metal powder containing acetone or ethanol before compression molding by pressing. In order to improve the transmission of the pressure of the press into the powder at the time of pressing, the formability can be improved by mixing powder such as paraffin with the powder in an amount of about 1% to 10% by weight.
- acetone or the like may dissolve the wax, so alcohol such as ethanol should be used during grinding.
- the obtained powder is compression-molded by a compression press in the same manner as described above, and heated in a vacuum furnace or a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a conductive electrode. The wax in the electrodes is removed during heating.
- the metal powder is crushed in wax, it is not necessary to use alcohol or the like.
- wax when wax is used for grinding with a ball mill or the like, the wax generally has a high viscosity, so that the ball speed is reduced and the grinding ability is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the rotation speed in the case of bead minole in order to make the grinding ability when using wax for grinding with a ball mill or the like the same as the grinding ability when using acetone or ethanol.
- a vibrating mill it is necessary to increase the amplitude and vibration speed.
- Table 1 shows examples of volatile solvents.
- the solvents shown in Table 1 are examples of solvents that can be used in the present invention. Therefore, in the present invention, any solvent can be used as long as it has a boiling point of around 100 ° C. and does not corrode the container or press used at the time of pulverization. However, in consideration of the environment, alcohols such as ethanol are preferable.
- the material of the balls and the container in vibratory ball mill is a Z r 0 2, the Borusai's was 1/2 inches. 3. 6 L a C r powder placed 1 kg in a container, fills the container with Etano "Le, is vibrated easily vessel, pulverized ⁇ the result of the C r powders, an average grain size of C r powder It was possible to reduce it to 2.0 ⁇ .
- the crushed Cr powder was taken out together with ethanol, and the Cr powder was precipitated in ethanol.
- the Cr powder precipitated in about one hour, and the Cr powder and ethanol could be separated. Thereafter, the ethanol in the supernatant was removed to obtain a Cr powder containing a large amount of ethanol.
- the obtained Cr powder was taken and compression-molded.
- the mold used had a diameter of 18.2 mm and a length of 30.5 mm.
- the ethanol evaporated and the compact of the Cr powder became hard enough to maintain its shape.
- the green compact was heated in a vacuum furnace at a predetermined heating temperature for about 4 hours to produce a conductive electrode. Ethanol evaporated completely during heating and was removed from the electrodes.
- a conductive Cr electrode could be manufactured without oxidizing the inside of the Cr powder and in a state where the oxidation of the Cr powder was stopped by oxidizing only the surface.
- deposition processing (discharge surface treatment) was performed using an electrode for discharge surface treatment manufactured using this Cr powder as an electrode material.
- a film with a thickness of about 1 mm could be formed.
- Fig. 13 shows a photograph of the film formed by this discharge surface treatment. In the photograph shown in FIG. 13, a thick film having a thickness of about 1 mm is formed.
- no concentration or short-circuiting of discharge was observed on the coating surface, suggesting that stable discharge was generated.
- Similar results were obtained with Ti and A1, which are easily oxidizable metals, as in the case of Cr described above. ,.. '
- the discharge surface treatment electrode can be manufactured in a state where only the surface ′ is kept on the surface. This makes it possible to select an easily oxidizable metal as the electrode material of the discharge surface treatment electrode, and to form a thick coating such as Ti,, ⁇ , and Cr, which are easily oxidized metals. Thus, it was possible to form the surface by electric discharge surface treatment without being oxidized.
- a film that has not been oxidized has abrasion resistance and heat resistance by being oxidized in a high-temperature environment, and the technical field in which the film is diverted expands from the characteristics of the film.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of another electrode for discharge surface treatment according to the present invention. Average of commercially available acid-prone metal powders The particle size is about 10 ⁇ . '
- a commercially available metal powder having an average particle diameter of about 10 ⁇ . ⁇ is easily oxidized, and the average particle diameter is reduced to 3 ⁇ m or less in an easily volatile acetone by using a powder such as a ball mill. Crush until it is no more (step S41).
- the ground metal powder is dried in a nitrogen atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere. Then, only the surface of the powder is oxidized while slightly introducing air (step S42).
- the metal powder naturally oxidizes. However, when there is not enough oxygen around the metal powder to oxidize the metal powder, the metal powder powder remains on the surface of the powder. Once the oxide film is formed on the surface of the metal powder, the metal powder is in a chemically extremely stable state (high entropy state). Therefore, even if the metal powder on which the acid film is formed is exposed to the atmosphere, the inside thereof is not oxidized.
- Such a process of forming an oxide film on the metal powder is referred to as a gradual oxidation process.
- the oxidation proceeds to the center of the metal powder and proceeds. If the inside of the metal powder is oxidized, the metal powder loses its conductivity, and does not become a dischargeable electrode even when pressed or heated. However, if the metal powder is oxidized only on the powder surface, the particles are pressed by the press to break the oxide film, and the metal powder and the metal powder can be bonded to each other. Therefore, if the metal powder is oxidized only on the powder surface, a conductive electrode can be manufactured.
- the metal bonding between the metal powder and the metal powder can be advanced also in the heating step described later.
- the metal powder may agglomerate to form a large lump.
- powder such as paraffin is mixed into the powder before pressing at a weight ratio of about 1% to 10%, the formability of the metal powder will be improved. Can be improved.
- the dried metal powder is sieved so that the metal powder such as paraffin and the metal powder are mixed well, and the aggregation state of the metal powder is released (step S43).
- step S444 wax such as paraffin is added to the metal powder as needed by about 1% to 10% by weight.
- Mixing the powder and wax can improve the formability, but the powder will be covered again by the liquid, so it will aggregate by the action of its intermolecular and electrostatic forces to form a large mass Resulting in.
- the re-agglomerated mass is sieved to separate it (step S45).
- the obtained metal powder is compression-molded by a compression press (step S46).
- the compression molding of the powder is performed using a molding machine in the manner described in the first embodiment.
- the compaction of the compression-molded powder is referred to as a green compact.
- the green compact is taken out of the molding machine and heated in a vacuum furnace or a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a conductive electrode (step S47).
- the average particle size of commercially available Cr powder is about 10 ⁇ m.
- the powder was first pulverized with a vibrating pole mill.
- the pulverization conditions were the same as in the above-described third embodiment, and were performed under the same conditions as those shown in Tables 1 and 2. That is, the material of the balls and the container and Z r ⁇ 2, the ball size was 1 Z 2 inches.
- 1 kg of Cr powder was placed in a 3.6 L container, the container was filled with acetone as a solvent, and the container was vibrated to grind the Cr powder. As a result, the average particle size of the Cr powder could be reduced to 2 ⁇ , ⁇ .
- the crushed Cr powder was placed in a container and placed in a drying device, and the periphery of the container was dried while being cooled with a chilled water at a temperature of about 10 ° C.
- the dried Gr powder is about lkg.
- the Cr powder was evenly spread on the bottom surface of the approximately 100 L container.
- the vessel was first filled with nitrogen, and then the atmosphere was placed in the vessel at a rate of 0.2 L / min, and the volume ratio of nitrogen to air was 9: 1.
- the temperature in the container was kept at 60 ° C, and the container was left for about 5 hours.
- the surface of the crushed Cr powder was slightly oxidized. That is, the surface of the crushed Cr powder is gradually acidified.
- the electrical resistance of the manufactured electrode for discharge surface treatment becomes about 10 k ⁇ , and the discharge is performed even when the discharge surface treatment is performed using the electrode for discharge surface treatment. I can't do that. However, if the press pressure during compression molding is set to a certain level, the oxide film of the Cr powder will be broken, and the electrical resistance of the manufactured electrode will be reduced to about 10.
- the metal powder When an oxide film is formed on the surface of a metal powder, the metal powder is chemically stable, so that it can be easily handled in the same manner as ordinary ceramics. If the metal powder is chemically stable, the electrode for discharge surface treatment can be formed by the same manufacturing method as before.
- the oxidized product is generally non-conductive, a conductive electrode for discharge surface treatment cannot be manufactured unless the oxide film of the metal powder is broken by heating or pressing.
- An electrode for discharge surface treatment manufactured without an oxide film of metal powder that is, an electrode for discharge surface treatment having no conductivity, cannot of course generate a discharge.
- the metal powder and the metal powder can be metal-bonded by breaking the oxide film of the metal powder at a predetermined pressure during compression molding. As a result, the manufactured electrode has conductivity and can generate a discharge, so that a discharge surface treatment can be performed.
- the Cr powder was refined with a sieve having a mesh size of 0.15 mm. Then, 8% by weight of paraffin was mixed with the refined Cr powder, and the mixture was refined again with a sieve having a mesh size of 0.05 mm.
- the electrode for discharge surface treatment is manufactured using a metal powder that is easily oxidized.
- the powder of a Co alloy having lubricity and corrosion resistance in a high-temperature environment also has an average particle size. Is 1 ⁇ or less, it is oxidized that it contains a metal that is easily oxidized. Therefore, even when an electrode for electric discharge surface treatment is manufactured using an alloy powder containing a metal which is easily oxidized and having an average particle diameter of 1 / m or less, by applying the present invention, even the inside of the alloy powder is oxidized. In this manner, a conductive alloy electrode for electric discharge surface treatment can be manufactured in a state where the oxidation of the alloy powder is stopped by oxidizing only the surface. ⁇ ,
- the inside of the metal powder is oxidized. Without this, it became possible to manufacture an electrode for discharge surface treatment in a state where oxidation of the metal powder was stopped by oxidation of only the surface. This makes it possible to select a metal that is easily oxidized as an electrode material of the electrode for discharge surface treatment, and to form a thick film such as Ti, A1, or Cr, which are easily oxidized. Thus, it was possible to form the film by a discharge surface treatment in a state where it was not oxidized.
- Embodiment 5 In a fifth embodiment, a method for manufacturing an electrode for electric discharge surface treatment using powder that has been refined in a box will be described.
- a heating wire is wound around the side of a crushing vessel such as a ball mill, and the input to the heating wire is adjusted so that the temperature of the inner wall of the vessel is 60 ° C to 80 ° C.
- a wax of 5 wt% to: L 0 wt o / o with respect to the powder to be powdered is put into the container.
- zirconia balls for grinding and the powder to be ground are put into the container.
- the input amounts are the same as in the third embodiment.
- the kinematic viscosity of molten Pettas is about three times the kinematic viscosity of alcohol, and the resistance to the solvent pole increases.
- the frequency must be slightly increased. After grinding to the desired particle size, stop vibration. Next, the input to the heating wire is increased so that it is about the boiling point of alcohol, and the alcohol is volatilized. At this time, care must be taken to keep the flash point of wax below 230 ° C. Evaporate the alcohol completely (the weights of the powder and wax charged are known). Finish heating. At the end of heating, the wax begins to solidify due to the temperature drop. At this time, the powder and wax are coagulated and solidified. After the temperature is lowered to about room temperature, the electrode is completed through the same steps as those after the sieving step of step S4.5 in FIG. 14 of the fourth embodiment; '.
- the powder even if the alcohol is dried by drying the powder in a wax frame in wax, the powder covers the powder, and the powder does not come into contact with the atmosphere. . Further, the sieving step can be omitted as compared with the manufacturing method of the fourth embodiment.
- electrode materials such as Ti are chemically The reaction resulted in the formation of a hard carbide coating such as TiC (titanium carbide). For this reason, the electrodes used for the discharge surface treatment contained many materials that easily formed carbide.
- the material of the surface of the workpiece (work) changed, and accordingly, characteristics such as heat conduction and melting point changed.
- the surface material of the work (work) changes from steel to TiC, which is ceramics, as the discharge surface treatment progresses.
- properties such as heat conduction and melting point had changed.
- a thick film can be formed by adding a material that is hardly carbonized to the components of the electrode material. This is due to the fact that by adding a material that is difficult to carbonize to the electrode, the amount of material remaining in the coating in the metal state without becoming carbide increases. This is important for thickening the coating. '
- the following is an example of the discharge surface treatment electrode capable of forming a thick film as described above.
- the temperature of the heat treatment shown below was obtained by experiments by the inventor.
- Electrode for discharge surface treatment manufactured by compression-molding Co powder and further performing heat treatment
- the temperature of the heat treatment after compression molding is preferably about 400 ° C to 600 ° C.
- the temperature of the heat treatment after compression molding is preferably about 100 ° C. to 300 ° C.
- the temperature of the heat treatment after the compression molding may be 200 ° C. or less, or may be unnecessary in some cases.
- Electrode for discharge surface treatment manufactured by compression molding alloy powder of a material that is difficult to produce carbides such as Co, and then performing heat treatment
- C r (chromium) 2 5 wt%, 1 (nickel) 1 0 wt 0/0, W (tungsten) 7 weight 0/0 containing such C o based alloy powder (grain diameter 1 ⁇ n! ⁇ 3 / X m) can be formed into a dense, thick film by the discharge surface treatment electrode manufactured by compression molding and heat treatment. It is.
- the temperature of the heat treatment after compression molding is preferably higher than that of the case of Co powder due to the difference in materials, and is preferably from 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. (: Degree is good.
- the electrodes for discharge surface treatment contain a certain amount of hard-to-carbonize material (for example, 40% by volume or more). It is known that the above condition should be satisfied, and there are many others.
- Fe (iron) is used as the electrode material family, and the discharge surface treatment electrode made of 100% Fe (iron) material, or the discharge surface made of steel material
- the processing electrode can form a thick film in the discharge surface treatment.
- An electrode for discharge surface treatment formed of Ni (nickel) color can also form a thick film in discharge surface treatment.
- the powder for forming the charcoal sword is formed into a fine powder having a particle size of 1 m or less to produce a discharge surface treatment electrode, carbonization of the electrode material during the discharge surface treatment is suppressed.
- a thick film can be formed in some cases.
- Such materials include, for example, Cr (chromium) and Mo (molybdenum).
- C r (chromium) 2 5 wt%, ⁇ (nickel) 1 0 wt 0/0, W (tungsten) 7 weight 0/0 containing such C o based alloy powder (grain diameter 1 ⁇ m to 3 'm ) was subjected to compression molding, and further subjected to heat treatment at 800 ° C. to produce an electrode for discharge surface treatment.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state of a molding machine when molding powder.
- the lower punch 203 is inserted from the bottom of the hole formed in the mold (die) 204, and the lower punch 203 and the mold (die) 2 are inserted.
- the upper punch 202 was inserted from above the hole formed in the mold (die) 204. Then, pressure was applied from both sides of the upper punch 202 and the lower punch 203 to the molding machine filled with such alloy powder 201 using a pressurizer or the like, and the alloy powder 201 was compression-molded. .
- the compression-molded alloy powder 201 is referred to as a green compact.
- increasing the pressing pressure increases the hardness of the electrode, while decreasing the pressure makes the electrode softer.
- the particle diameter of the alloy powder 201 of the electrode material is small, the hardness of the electrode becomes hard, and in the case where the particle diameter of the alloy powder 201 is large, the hardness of the electrode becomes soft. Become.
- the green compact was taken out from the molding machine and heated at 800 ° C. in a vacuum furnace to produce a green compact electrode having electrical conductivity, that is, an electrode for discharge surface treatment.
- the formability of the alloy powder 201 can be improved. it can.
- wax is an insulating material, if it remains in a large amount in the electrode, the electric resistance of the electrode increases, and the discharge performance deteriorates.
- FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram showing how the discharge surface treatment is performed by the discharge surface treatment apparatus using the discharge surface treatment electrode for forming a thick film manufactured in the above process. In Figure 16, No. This shows how a loose discharge is generated.
- the discharge surface treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 16 includes a discharge surface treatment electrode 301 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as an electrode 301) and a work of the electrode 301 and a Ni alloy.
- a discharge surface treatment electrode 301 hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as an electrode 301
- a work of the electrode 301 and a Ni alloy for the discharge surface treatment to apply a voltage between electrode 301 and workpiece 302 to generate a pulse-like discharge (arc column 305) by applying a voltage between electrode 310 and workpiece 302 And a power supply 304.
- a servo mechanism for controlling the distance between the electrodes that is, the distance between the electrode 301 and the wake 302
- a storage tank for storing the machining fluid 303, and the like are different from the present invention. It is omitted because it is not directly related.
- the electrode 301 and the workpiece 302 are arranged to face each other in the machining fluid 303. Then, in the machining fluid 303, a pulse-like discharge is generated between the electrode 301 and the work 302 'using the power source 304 for electric discharge surface treatment. Specifically, a voltage is applied between the electrode 301 and the workpiece 302 to generate a discharge. The arc column of electric discharge is generated between the electrode and the work as shown in FIG.
- a film of the electrode material is formed on the surface of the work by the discharge energy of the discharge generated between the electrode 301 and the work 302, or a film of the substance to which the electrode material has reacted by the discharge energy is formed.
- the electrode 301 is used as a negative polarity
- the work 302 is used as a positive polarity.
- FIGS. 17A and 17B Examples of discharge pulse conditions when performing discharge surface treatment in the discharge surface treatment apparatus having such a configuration are shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B.
- Fig. 17A and Fig. 1B show examples of discharge pulse conditions during discharge surface treatment.
- Fig. 17A shows the relationship between the electrode 301 and the workpiece 302 during discharge.
- FIG. 17B shows a voltage waveform applied between the electrodes (inter-electrode voltage waveform), and
- FIG. 17B shows a current waveform of a current flowing through the discharge surface treatment apparatus during discharge.
- the voltage value and the current value are positive in the direction of the arrow in FIGS. 17A and 17B, that is, in the upward direction of the vertical axis.
- the voltage value is positive when the electrode 301 is a negative polarity electrode and the work 302 is a positive polarity electrode.
- a no-load voltage ui is applied between the electrodes at time t0 at time t0.At time t1 after the elapse of the discharge delay time td, a current I starts to flow between the two electrodes and discharge starts. Round.
- the voltage at this time is the discharge voltage ue, and the current flowing at this time is the peak current value ie.
- the current becomes It stops flowing.
- the time t 2 -t 1 is called a discharge pulse width t e.
- the voltage waveform at the time t0 to t2 is repeatedly applied between the both electrodes after a pause time t0. That is, as shown in FIG. 17A, a pulsed voltage 5 is applied between the electrode 301 and the work 302.
- the area of the electrode ie, the area of processing
- a dense thick film could be formed by performing the discharge surface treatment under the above configuration and conditions.
- the film thickness of the formed film was different each time the processing was performed. Specifically, when the new electrode 310 was used, the film bulging amount (film thickness) was about 1.5 ⁇ m, whereas the same electrode 310 used once was used.
- the thickness of the formed film was about 100 m.
- the cause of the film thickness variation was that oil, which is the machining fluid used for electrical discharge surface treatment, entered the space inside the electrode. It turned out to be. Since the electrode for discharge surface treatment is made by compression molding of a powder material, there are many spaces inside. A space accounts for 2510% of the electrode volume, and this space plays an important role in forming a film by the discharge surface treatment.
- the space inside the electrode is too large, Due to the pulse, the supply of the electrode material is not performed normally, and the phenomenon that the electrode collapses in a wide range due to the type of discharge occurs. On the other hand, if the space is too small, the electrode material is so strongly adhered that the supply of the electrode material by the discharge pulse is reduced, and a thick film cannot be formed.
- the space in the electrode for discharge surface treatment plays an important role in the formation of a film.
- the space in the electrode for discharge surface treatment may cause variations in the film thickness of the film.
- the space inside the electrode remains in a void state, but as the time used for discharge surface treatment becomes longer, the space in the electrode is processed.
- the liquid oil enters and the space is filled with oil.
- the above three effects prevent the electrodes from being excessively consumed by the discharge during the discharge surface treatment, and facilitate the formation of a dense film.
- the effect of (3) described above changes over time, and causes a variation in the film thickness. For this reason, when the electrode is used, that is, the time for immersing the electrode in the machining fluid is increased, and even if the discharge surface treatment is performed under the same conditions and for the same time, the film becomes denser, and the film thickness is increased. Is decreasing.
- the formed electrode for discharge surface treatment is immersed in a machining fluid, and the space in the electrode is filled with the machining fluid in advance to suppress the variation of the film thickness during the discharge surface treatment.
- the method for producing an electrode for discharge surface treatment according to the present invention comprises the steps of: pressing a powder material, that is, a metal powder, a powder of a metal compound, or a ceramic powder to form a green compact; An electrode for discharge surface treatment is obtained by infiltrating oil or a liquid used for discharge surface treatment into a space in the body.
- the steps up to forming the green compact can be the same as the above-described steps of manufacturing the electrode for discharge surface treatment. ',
- the electrode for discharge surface treatment according to the present invention is produced by the above method, and is used in advance in a space in the electrode for discharge surface treatment for oil or discharge surface treatment before being used for discharge surface treatment.
- the machining fluid has penetrated.
- a film is formed by discharge surface treatment using such a green compact electrode, that is, an electrode for discharge surface treatment
- the discharge surface treatment is performed with the gaps of the electrode for discharge surface treatment filled with oil or machining fluid. Therefore, variations in processing can be minimized even for a new electrode and an electrode after a predetermined time has elapsed.
- Fig. 18 shows how the weight of the electrode increases with the immersion time of the electrode in the working fluid.
- the amount of increase in the weight of the electrode is the amount of the working fluid that has entered the electrode. Schematically from Fig. 18, it is considered that the machining fluid enters the space in the electrode in 2 to 3 hours.
- Compression-molded Co-based alloy powder (particle size: 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m) containing Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), W (tungsten), etc. at 80 ° C
- a discharge surface treatment was performed on the Ni alloy work using an electrode immersed in a machining fluid for 30 hours.
- the peak current value is 10 A
- the pulse width is 8 s
- the pause time is 16 ⁇ s. Processing was performed for 0 minutes.
- the amount of swelling (film thickness) when a new electrode was used was about 100 ⁇ m, and about 100 Xm even after 7 days of treatment under the same conditions. I was able to almost completely remove the spread. It should be noted that the same results as described above could be obtained with an electrode for discharge surface treatment manufactured using powder of an alloy containing Mo or Mo, powder of an alloy containing Fe or Fe, or powder of Ni.
- the manufactured green compact electrode that is, the electrode for electric discharge surface treatment
- the gap of the green compact electrode is filled with the liquid. Since the discharge surface treatment is performed in a state where the electrodes are kept, the variation in machining can be minimized even for a new electrode or an electrode after a predetermined time has elapsed.
- the electrode for discharge surface treatment When storing the electrode for discharge surface treatment (compacted electrode), if the electrode is stored in air, the machining fluid that has entered the space of the electrode will evaporate. For this reason, it is preferable that the electrodes be stored in the same oil as the working fluid in order to eliminate variations in the coating due to the discharge surface treatment. The penetration of the working fluid into the electrode is completed in a few hours. However, when the electrode is subsequently stored in the air, the readily evaporable components in the machining fluid evaporate, and the hardly evaporable components remain in the electrode. 'This affects the bonding strength of the electrode material powder, and further affects the state of the coating formed when the electrode is subjected to discharge surface treatment. For this reason, it is preferable that the electrodes are also stored in the working fluid.
- the electrode material contains an electrode material which is easily oxidized
- the electrode material if the electrode material is stored in the air for a long period of time, the electrode material will be oxidized, which may affect the quality of the electrode and the quality of the formed film. Exert. Therefore, storing the electrode in oil has the effect of preventing oxidation of the electrode material and stabilizing the quality of the electrode and the quality of the coating formed by the discharge surface treatment using the electrode.
- the powdery material of the electrode may become ceramic, making it difficult to form a dense film.
- the electrode may be placed in a vacuum pack or in an inert gas such as helium or argon, or a rare gas or nitrogen. Storing in gas is also effective.
- an inert gas such as helium or argon, or a rare gas or nitrogen.
- the eighth embodiment by storing the electrode for discharge surface treatment in a vacuum or an inert gas, it is possible to prevent the powder material of the electrode from being oxidized. As a result, a dense film can be formed even on the electrode after a long time has passed.
- a discharge surface treatment electrode capable of performing a stable discharge without reducing the surface roughness and realizing a surface treatment capable of depositing a thick film is manufactured. It has the effect of being able to.
- an electrode can be manufactured using a metal powder which is easily oxidized without being oxidized in a manufacturing process, and a thick metal film can be formed by discharge surface treatment. .
- the discharge surface This has the effect that the coating can be formed without variation by the treatment.
- the discharge surface treatment electrode according to the present invention is suitable for use in the surface treatment related industry for forming a film on the surface of a workpiece, and particularly, the surface for forming a thick film on the surface of the workpiece. Suitable for use in processing related industries.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0411033-1A BRPI0411033A (pt) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-02-12 | eletrodo para um tratamento superficial de descarga elétrica, método para a fabricação do mesmo e método para armazenamento do mesmo |
CA002525761A CA2525761A1 (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-02-12 | Electrode for electric discharge surface treatment, method for manufacturing the same, and method for storing the same |
EP04710516.8A EP1630255B1 (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-02-12 | Electrode for discharge surface treatment, and method for manufacturing and storing the same |
JP2005506726A JP4641260B2 (ja) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-02-12 | 放電表面処理用電極及びその製造方法 |
KR1020057023285A KR100753274B1 (ko) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-02-12 | 방전 표면 처리용 전극 및 그 제조 방법 |
RU2005141421/02A RU2335382C2 (ru) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-02-12 | Электрод для обработки поверхности электрическим разрядом, способ его изготовления и хранения |
CN2004800153641A CN1798873B (zh) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-02-12 | 放电表面处理用电极和其制造方法以及其保存方法 |
TW093104055A TWI279272B (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-02-19 | Electrode for surface treatment by electric discharge, method for manufacturing and method for maintaining the same |
US11/291,878 US7915559B2 (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2005-12-02 | Electrode for electric discharge surface treatment, method for manufacturing electrode, and method for storing electrode |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003158897 | 2003-06-04 | ||
JP2003-158897 | 2003-06-04 | ||
JP2003160507 | 2003-06-05 | ||
JP2003-160507 | 2003-06-05 | ||
JP2003-166012 | 2003-06-11 | ||
JP2003166012 | 2003-06-11 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/291,878 Continuation-In-Part US7915559B2 (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2005-12-02 | Electrode for electric discharge surface treatment, method for manufacturing electrode, and method for storing electrode |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004108989A1 true WO2004108989A1 (ja) | 2004-12-16 |
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ID=33514557
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/JP2004/001471 WO2004108989A1 (ja) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-02-12 | 放電表面処理用電極及びその製造方法並びにその保管方法 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7915559B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1630255B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4641260B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100753274B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1798873B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0411033A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2525761A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2335382C2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI279272B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004108989A1 (ja) |
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JPWO2008032359A1 (ja) * | 2006-09-11 | 2010-01-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 放電表面処理用電極の製造方法および放電表面処理用電極 |
US20100016185A1 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2010-01-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Coating film and coating-film forming method |
CN101278070B (zh) * | 2005-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 放电表面处理用电极、放电表面处理方法以及覆膜 |
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US9284647B2 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2016-03-15 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
JP4307444B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-24 | 2009-08-05 | 株式会社Ihi | 高温部材の擦動面のコーティング方法および高温部材と放電表面処理用電極 |
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CA2522836C (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2012-03-13 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrode for discharge surface treatment and method of evaluating the same, and discharge-surface-treating method |
CN101146930B (zh) * | 2005-03-09 | 2010-11-24 | 株式会社Ihi | 表面处理方法及修理方法 |
US9249492B2 (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2016-02-02 | Micropyretics Heaters International, Inc. | Materials having an enhanced emissivity and methods for making the same |
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RU2490094C2 (ru) | 2009-04-14 | 2013-08-20 | АйЭйчАй КОРПОРЕЙШН | Электрод для поверхностной обработки разрядом и способ его изготовления |
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- 2004-02-12 EP EP04710516.8A patent/EP1630255B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-12 KR KR1020057023285A patent/KR100753274B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-12 RU RU2005141421/02A patent/RU2335382C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101278070B (zh) * | 2005-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 放电表面处理用电极、放电表面处理方法以及覆膜 |
US20100016185A1 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2010-01-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Coating film and coating-film forming method |
US8287968B2 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2012-10-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Coating film and coating-film forming method |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2525761A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
RU2005141421A (ru) | 2006-06-10 |
EP1630255A1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
KR100753274B1 (ko) | 2007-08-29 |
RU2335382C2 (ru) | 2008-10-10 |
KR20060038385A (ko) | 2006-05-03 |
EP1630255A4 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
US20060081462A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
TWI279272B (en) | 2007-04-21 |
US7915559B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 |
TW200427537A (en) | 2004-12-16 |
JPWO2004108989A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
CN1798873B (zh) | 2010-08-25 |
JP4641260B2 (ja) | 2011-03-02 |
EP1630255B1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
BRPI0411033A (pt) | 2006-07-18 |
CN1798873A (zh) | 2006-07-05 |
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