WO2004105145A1 - 熱電素子利用冷却方法及び装置 - Google Patents
熱電素子利用冷却方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004105145A1 WO2004105145A1 PCT/JP2004/006938 JP2004006938W WO2004105145A1 WO 2004105145 A1 WO2004105145 A1 WO 2004105145A1 JP 2004006938 W JP2004006938 W JP 2004006938W WO 2004105145 A1 WO2004105145 A1 WO 2004105145A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- type semiconductor
- semiconductor
- cooling
- thin film
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cooling method and a device using a thermoelectric element utilizing a Peltier effect generated at a joint portion of different metals, and more particularly to an arbitrary cooling method utilizing a Bertier effect generated at a portion where a metal is joined via a semiconductor.
- a cooling fan is driven to forcibly replace the surrounding air, and a radiating fin is provided on the back surface of the circuit element substrate to circulate the cooling air intensively in this portion.
- a radiating fin is provided on the back surface of the circuit element substrate to circulate the cooling air intensively in this portion.
- the substrate including the diode element and its drive circuit is cooled by the above-described means. It is sometimes cooled by water cooling.
- thermoelectric material of a semiconductor composed of a specific component is used, and the cooling side is brought into contact with the electronic device as described above by the Peltier effect caused by energization to cool.
- thermoelectric element By using such a thermoelectric element, it is compact, silent, has a long life, requires no maintenance, has no waste, and generates electricity using waste heat.
- advantages such as cooling without chlorofluorocarbon, and many thermoelectric conversion elements have been studied.
- thermoelectric material conventionally used is bulk material, and there is a limit to downsizing.
- a thermoelectric element that generates a Peltier effect be thinned.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-318738 for example.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-63-76463
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-6-318738
- N-type semiconductor metal oxides such as MoS, FeO, FeO, and CuO are used.
- the present inventors have proposed a technique as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-336940. Since the present invention is a technology obtained by developing an endothermic effect based on the same principle as that of the above-mentioned technology and is an extension of this technology, the part related to the basic principle of the present invention described in the earlier application will be described first.
- thermoelectric effect involves connecting the two ends of two metals to each other and maintaining the two connected parts at different temperatures to generate an electromotive force, and conversely, connecting the two ends of the two metals to each other.
- heat is generated in addition to Joule heat, or there is a Peltier effect in which heat is absorbed.
- a surface potential distribution model as shown in FIG. 7 can be considered. That is, the potential in the gold-platinum thin film becomes a potential as shown by a solid line A in FIG. 7 in consideration of the work functions of gold and platinum.
- the gold and platinum thin films each have a resistance and the potential has a slope, so the surface potential is as shown by the dotted line B.
- FIG. 7 (a) shows the conduction from the gold thin film to the platinum thin film
- FIG. 7 (b) shows the conduction from the platinum thin film to the gold thin film.
- point D when the current is flowing from the platinum thin film to the gold thin film, it is apparent that the potential is increased by ⁇ when the current is flowing from the gold thin film to the platinum thin film.
- Fig. 8 shows a surface potential distribution model of a junction type thin-film thermoelectric element in which gold and platinum are formed so as to overlap each other.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows a first metal A thin film 1, a metal B thin film 2, and a second metal A thin film 3,
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an example in which a cooling device composed of a dissimilar metal thin film connector is formed by connecting via semiconductor thin films 4 and 5.
- the first metal A thin film 1 and the second metal A thin film 3 are made of gold as described above, and platinum is used as the metal B thin film.
- the thickness of this thin film can be set arbitrarily.
- a force of about 500 A to 4000 A is used as in the experimental example.
- the width can be set arbitrarily, and a width of about 4 mm can be used similarly to the above embodiment.
- semiconductor thin films 4 and 5 are provided at a portion where two kinds of metals are joined, so that a metal potential distribution can be maintained between both metals to be joined.
- this semiconductor is different from the conventional semiconductor for achieving the Peltier effect, and is merely used for cutting off a continuous flow of electrons. Therefore, each semiconductor may be a P-type semiconductor, or may be an N-type semiconductor, and the effect is the same if any one is a P-type semiconductor and the other side is an N-type semiconductor.
- the work function is basically determined by the difference in work function between metal A and metal B as shown in Fig. 9 (b).
- the difference between the heights of the small steps is the work function of both semiconductors.
- the heights of the two semiconductors are the same.
- a metal B thin film 11 is formed on a silicon substrate 10 as shown in Fig. 10 (a).
- a first semiconductor thin film 12 and a second semiconductor thin film 13 are formed on both ends thereof, and a first metal A thin film 14 is formed on the first semiconductor thin film 12 so that an end is located, and the second semiconductor thin film 13 is formed.
- the second metal A thin film 15 is formed so that an end is located on the thin film.
- the selection of each metal can be made arbitrarily, but it is acceptable to set the metal A to gold and the metal B to platinum as described above.Also, both the first semiconductor and the second semiconductor are P-type semiconductors. It is also possible to use a P-type semiconductor and the other side as an N-type semiconductor.
- the heat absorbing portion can be made spatially independent.
- more current can be passed. Therefore, the cooling capacity increases, and the cooling capacity increases. For this reason, application to technologies for removing local high heat flux from semiconductor devices and active control technology for forced convection heat transfer surfaces can be expected. Since then, the present invention has been obtained as a result of further research aimed at making it easier to apply to actual equipment and to be able to cool various components more efficiently.
- thermoelectric element-based cooling method provides a method for cooling an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor by joining both ends of a first metal to each other at a distance from each other.
- a second metal is joined to the other end of the p-type semiconductor and a third metal is joined to the other end of the p-type semiconductor, and the other is passed through the semiconductor and the first metal from one of the second metal and the third metal.
- the electrode is energized, and a cooling function is performed by a joint part that performs an endothermic function.
- thermoelectric element-based cooling method is the thermoelectric element-based cooling method, wherein the first metal and the second metal are different types of metals, and the second metal and the second metal are different.
- the three metals are the same type of metal.
- thermoelectric element in another cooling method using a thermoelectric element according to the present invention, the metals are all the same type of metal.
- the metals are all metals having different work functions, and a metal electrode serving as a positive electrode is joined to a second metal having the largest work function.
- a metal electrode serving as a positive electrode is joined to a second metal having the largest work function.
- an n-type semiconductor is interposed therebetween and joined to the end of the first metal which is a metal having the next largest work function, and then the p-type semiconductor is interposed between the other end of the first metal and most work is performed.
- a third metal which is a metal having a small function is joined, and the third metal is joined to a metal electrode which is a negative electrode.
- thermoelectric element in another cooling method using a thermoelectric element according to the present invention, at least the first metal is a thin film.
- thermoelectric element Another cooling method using a thermoelectric element according to the present invention is the cooling method using a thermoelectric element, wherein the heat absorbing side of one of the n-type semiconductor and the p-type semiconductor is connected to the first metal or the lead wire. It is arranged at an arbitrary heat generating point.
- the ends of the n-type semiconductor and the p-type semiconductor are joined to both ends of the first metal while being separated from each other, and the other end of the n-type semiconductor is joined to the other end of the n-type semiconductor.
- the second metal comprises a semiconductor separating member formed by joining a third metal to the other end of the p-type semiconductor, and passes the semiconductor and the first metal from one of the second metal and the third metal. Electric current is supplied to the other electrode, and cooling is performed by a joint portion that performs an endothermic effect.
- thermoelectric elements another cooling device using thermoelectric elements according to the present invention is the cooling device using thermoelectric elements, wherein the first metal and the second metal are different types of metals, and And the third metal are metals of the same type.
- the metals are all the same type of metal.
- the metals are all metals having different work functions, and a metal electrode serving as a positive electrode is made to have the highest work function. Bonded to a large second metal, then to the end of a first metal, which is a metal with a large work function, with an n-type semiconductor in between, and then a P-type semiconductor to the other end of the first metal A third metal, which is a metal having the smallest work function, is joined therebetween, and a semiconductor separating member joined to a metal electrode, which is a negative electrode, is used as the third metal.
- thermoelectric elements in the cooling device using thermoelectric elements, at least the first metal is a thin film.
- thermoelectric element-based cooling device is the thermoelectric device-based cooling device, wherein the heat absorbing side of one of the n-type semiconductor and the p-type semiconductor is connected to the first metal or the lead wire. It is arranged at an arbitrary heat generating point.
- thermoelectric element is a laser transmission device, a semiconductor integrated circuit, a computer, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a machine tool, and a mobile phone. , Is incorporated in the gap.
- thermoelectric element metal electrodes were connected so as to be in series with the upper and lower end surfaces of the semiconductor, thereby producing a simulated thin film separation type thermoelectric element.
- Experiments were conducted with three sample metals, Cu, Pt, and Pb, which are the endothermic ends.
- the electrode copper plate was 30 mm in length, 2.5 mm in width, and 1 mm in thickness to suppress the Joule heat of the electrode copper plate.
- the semiconductor portion utilized a commercially available bismuth telluride-based semiconductor.
- the semiconductor is a cube with a side of 2 mm.
- the temperature distribution was measured using a radiation thermometer, assuming that the emissivity was constant.
- Figure 1 shows the outline of the experimental device and the operating state.
- Figure 1 shows N and P Indicates the n-type and p-type semiconductors, respectively.
- the experiment was conducted with the configuration of Cu (positive electrode) n-type semiconductor-sample metal-p-type semiconductor-Cu (negative electrode).
- a current is passed from n-type to p-type to align the heating end and heat absorption end in one direction. At this time, Q heat is absorbed at the upper end and Q heat is generated at the lower end.
- FIG. 2 shows the performance of the thermoelectric element created this time.
- a Cu plate was used as the sample metal, there was a maximum temperature drop of 10.2 ° C at 24 mA. At higher currents, the temperature drop was saturating with increasing Joule heat, so the experiment was performed at 15 mA. Furthermore, by using bismuth telluride-based n-type and p-type semiconductors with higher electrical conductivity, a temperature drop of up to 31 ° C is realized for a potential of 8A, and the amount of temperature drop is up to 8A. The experimental results were also obtained without increasing and reaching the maximum value.
- a copper material was used as an electrode, and Cu-Pt-Cu, Cu-Cu-Cu, Cu-Pb-Cu combinations, and Pt-Au-Ag and Ag-Au-Pt The temperature distribution when a current of 15 mA flows is shown.
- the cooling effect of the n-type is about 4 ° C larger than that of the p-type when it is attached inside the semiconductor, but heat is generated at the connection between the Cu electrode and the semiconductor. It is possible that sufficient cooling heat when Pt is used will have a cooling effect on those parts.
- the n-type semiconductor has a greater cooling effect than when using Pt, which has a large work function.
- the p-type has a greater cooling effect.
- the cooling effect extends to portions where heat is expected to be generated, and the entire n-type semiconductor can be cooled.
- Fig. 3 (d) and (e) show the results of further experiments performed by the inventor. It can be seen that the same effect is obtained in these combinations as in the previous combination. You.
- the work functions are Pt: 5.65 eV, Cu: 4.65 eV, and Pb: 4.25 eV, respectively.
- This difference in work function corresponds to the value of the Schottky barrier at the junction between the semiconductor and the metal.
- the electrons When energized, the electrons absorb more heat in the n-type than in the p-type and the electrons move upward.
- Cu the amount of movement is almost the same for p-type and n-type, so there is no difference in heat absorption.
- Pb the p-type has a larger potential difference than the n-type, so it can be explained that the endothermic amount is larger.
- the semiconductor portion is cooled as a whole near the n-type semiconductor when using Pt and near the p-type semiconductor when using Pb.
- the portion connecting the two semiconductors can be a lead wire of an arbitrary length, so that the cooling portion can be easily arranged at an arbitrary position. can do.
- the above experiments also demonstrate that in the case of Pt and Cu, the entire n-type semiconductor is cooled, and that the entire semiconductor on one side can be cooled.
- FIG. 5 shows a time characteristic of a cooling effect of the semiconductor end portion on the heat absorbing portion side.
- the endotherm was calculated using the gradient in the figure.
- the amount of heat absorbed by the thin-film separated thermoelectric element used in the above experiment was about 16.5 mW, calculated by multiplying the temperature change per unit time by the mass of the heat absorbing portion of the semiconductor and the specific heat.
- the difference in work function between different metals is at most about leV. Considering the potential difference at the semiconductor part, it can be estimated that cooling on the order of IV corresponding to leV will occur. Since the current value at the time of the experiment is 15 mA, the heat absorption that can also expect a work function force is 15 mW @. This quantitatively agrees well with the endothermic amount obtained in this experiment, indicating that the present invention can be used as a theory. Similarly, when 5A was applied, the amount of heat absorbed was about 1W.
- a thin film metal is used as a metal to be bonded to at least an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor.
- each semiconductor can be connected by a lead wire.
- an electrode joined to the other end of each semiconductor for example, a metal joined to the end of the n-type semiconductor and the p-type semiconductor is a first metal, a metal joined to the other end of the n-type semiconductor is a second metal, When the metal bonded to the other end of the p-type semiconductor is a third metal, electrodes are connected to the second metal and the third metal, respectively, and a positive or negative potential is applied to these electrodes. In this case, the same effect can be obtained.
- Pt, Cu, and Pb are used as the first metal
- Cu is used as the second and third metals.
- the metals for example, as shown in FIG. 6A, Ag is used as the first metal, Pt is used as the second metal, Ag is used as the third metal, and the power And a connection structure of Cu (positive electrode) -Pt-n type semiconductor-Au-p type semiconductor-Ag-Cu (negative electrode), or using Cu as the first metal as shown in FIG.
- Pt as the second metal and Pb as the third metal, similarly connected to the power supply with a Cu lead wire, Cu (positive electrode) Pt-n-type semiconductor-Cu-p-type semiconductor-Pb-Cu ( Negative electrode) and a method of continuously lowering the work function also have a large cooling effect.
- the cooling method and apparatus using the dissimilar metal thin film connector according to the present invention are not limited to cooling of an electronic element, for example, a force that can be effectively used for cooling a semiconductor laser element. It can be used in a wide range of fields, such as cooling of a micro-scale reaction apparatus used for a raw dangling reaction and the like.
- the cooling method according to the present invention is configured as described above, the entire semiconductor on one side can be cooled similarly to the technique proposed by the present inventors, and the n-type and ⁇ -type semiconductors can be cooled.
- the cooling part can be made spatially independent.
- the thin film bonding officer of both semiconductors can be connected by a lead wire, which further increases the degree of freedom. Therefore, it can be applied to a wide range of applications such as local high heat flux removal technology for semiconductor devices and active control technology for forced convection heat transfer surface.
- the portion connecting the two semiconductors can be a lead wire of any length, so that the cooling portion can be easily arranged at any position. can do.
- the cooling device according to the present invention can perform a cooling action using the Peltier effect generated only by connecting a metal thin film via a semiconductor, and can be easily manufactured using only a simple semiconductor manufacturing technology. Since it can be extremely miniaturized, it can be compactly and easily applied as a cooling device for various members including an extremely small electronic member.
- the cooling device according to the present invention can be effectively incorporated in a laser transmission device, a semiconductor integrated circuit, a combi- ter, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a machine tool, a mobile phone, and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an operation state and an outline of an experimental apparatus in a basic configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a performance diagram of a simulated thin film separation type thermoelectric element when a sample metal is Cu.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a result of measuring a temperature distribution using various metal materials in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an electron potential diagram of a thermoelectric element having a different work function according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a maximum temperature drop of a sample metal at a current value of 15 mA.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a surface potential distribution when ends of metal films are line-connected to each other.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a surface potential distribution when the end portions of the metal films are superimposed on each other and surface-attached.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a basic configuration and various characteristics of an embodiment of the present invention, and a principle of a cooling action.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a cooling device according to the present invention, wherein (a) shows a basic configuration of the cooling device, and (b) is a diagram showing a state in which an electronic element is cooled by the cooling device.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005506364A JP4512692B2 (ja) | 2003-05-23 | 2004-05-21 | 熱電素子利用冷却方法及び装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003146281 | 2003-05-23 | ||
| JP2003-146281 | 2003-05-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004105145A1 true WO2004105145A1 (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/006938 Ceased WO2004105145A1 (ja) | 2003-05-23 | 2004-05-21 | 熱電素子利用冷却方法及び装置 |
Country Status (2)
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| JP (1) | JP4512692B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004105145A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016219609A (ja) * | 2015-05-21 | 2016-12-22 | 秋田県 | 熱電変換素子、発電デバイス |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6174379A (ja) * | 1984-09-20 | 1986-04-16 | New Japan Radio Co Ltd | 熱電対 |
| JPH0425186A (ja) * | 1990-05-19 | 1992-01-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 熱電変換素子及び熱電発電装置 |
| JPH05198847A (ja) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-08-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電子冷却素子 |
| JP2003133600A (ja) * | 2001-10-24 | 2003-05-09 | Kitagawa Ind Co Ltd | 熱電変換部材及びその製造方法 |
| JP2003142741A (ja) * | 2001-11-01 | 2003-05-16 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | ペルチェ効果を利用した冷却方法及び装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-05-21 JP JP2005506364A patent/JP4512692B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-21 WO PCT/JP2004/006938 patent/WO2004105145A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6174379A (ja) * | 1984-09-20 | 1986-04-16 | New Japan Radio Co Ltd | 熱電対 |
| JPH0425186A (ja) * | 1990-05-19 | 1992-01-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 熱電変換素子及び熱電発電装置 |
| JPH05198847A (ja) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-08-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電子冷却素子 |
| JP2003133600A (ja) * | 2001-10-24 | 2003-05-09 | Kitagawa Ind Co Ltd | 熱電変換部材及びその製造方法 |
| JP2003142741A (ja) * | 2001-11-01 | 2003-05-16 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | ペルチェ効果を利用した冷却方法及び装置 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016219609A (ja) * | 2015-05-21 | 2016-12-22 | 秋田県 | 熱電変換素子、発電デバイス |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2004105145A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
| JP4512692B2 (ja) | 2010-07-28 |
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