WO2004104554A2 - Module d'analyse organique - Google Patents

Module d'analyse organique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004104554A2
WO2004104554A2 PCT/US2004/016256 US2004016256W WO2004104554A2 WO 2004104554 A2 WO2004104554 A2 WO 2004104554A2 US 2004016256 W US2004016256 W US 2004016256W WO 2004104554 A2 WO2004104554 A2 WO 2004104554A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrocarbon
fluid
mixture
light
biological
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PCT/US2004/016256
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English (en)
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WO2004104554A3 (fr
Inventor
David F. Prelewitz
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Technology Innovations, Llc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/441,840 external-priority patent/US7105849B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/441,837 external-priority patent/US7006219B2/en
Application filed by Technology Innovations, Llc filed Critical Technology Innovations, Llc
Publication of WO2004104554A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004104554A2/fr
Publication of WO2004104554A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004104554A3/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • G01N21/4133—Refractometers, e.g. differential
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1468—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle
    • G01N15/147—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle the analysis being performed on a sample stream
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2823—Raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for analyzing different components in a system having at least two different refractive indices such as oil and water fractions in multi-phase fluid flow. This invention further and more particularly relates to determining the various fractions of organics or fluid in a fluid flow and/or imagery of organic systems such as the components of a biological system.
  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for analyzing a system using the refractive index of light.
  • the oil and water fractions in multiphase flow or the organic component fractions in a biological system are determined using the refractive index of the components, such as the hydrocarbons or other organic materials, in relation to specific wavelengths of light. This can be done even if there is no prior knowledge of the refractive index of the individual components.
  • the related method determines the percentages of organic component fractions, such as hydrocarbon fractions, by passing a focused light beam through the organic components, measuring the displacement of the point of focus from a known focal point with a known index of refraction, and thereby calculating the percentages of organic components present (such as hydrocarbon fractions).
  • FIG. 1a is a diagram of the organic analysis module of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 b is a diagram of another organic analysis module.
  • FIG. 2 and 2a show a schematic of the organic analysis module.
  • FIG. 3a - 3c show schematic diagrams of the organic analysis module.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the organic analysis module with an area sensor and lens array.
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of the organic analysis module with a reference fluid.
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic drawing of the organic analysis module with the reference material and another lighter fluid.
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic drawing of the organic analysis module with the reference material and another heavier fluid.
  • FIG. 5d is a schematic drawing of the organic analysis module with the reference material and with both a lighter and a heavier fluid.
  • FIG. 5e is a schematic drawing of the organic analysis module and a Shack-Hartmann detector.
  • FIG. 6 is an embodiment with an imaging lens.
  • FIG. 7 shows a fluid stream that can be analyzed using this invention to determine the rate of flow.
  • FIG. 8a is a diagram of the biological imager of this invention.
  • FIG. 8b is a diagram of another biological imager.
  • FIG. 9a and 9b show schematic diagrams of the biological imager.
  • FIG. 10a is a schematic of the biological imager with a reference fluid.
  • FIG. 10b is a schematic of the biological imager with the reference material and another lighter fluid.
  • FIG. 10c is a schematic drawing of the biological imager with the reference material and another heavier fluid.
  • FIG. 10d is a schematic of the biological imager with the reference material and with both a lighter and a heavier fluid.
  • FIG. 10e is a schematic drawing of the biological imager and a Shack-Hartmann detector.
  • Every biological system consists of a variety of components composed of fluids and gels that exist as a mixture, each component with one or more distinct refractive indices when a specific wavelength of light passes through the mixture.
  • elaborate imaging methods must be used to image these biological systems and to measure their physical properties such as viscosity, geometry, relative fractions, and flow rates if needed.
  • Fluids and gels specifically those of different biological components, refract light by varying degrees when a specific wavelength passes through the mixture.
  • the amount of refraction is a function of fluid composition and wavelength of the light passing through the fluid.
  • the refractive index is a physical property of the fluid and is a parameter for determining the optical interaction of the fluid and the light refracted through it.
  • This invention is applicable to all systems including biological systems. For purposes of brevity, however, the description herein will be primarily directed to invitro biological systems, particularly a cell with components composed of protein matrix-based gels.
  • Oil wells typically produce a fluid mixture of oils, water, and natural gas.
  • a two-phase separator is used to remove the gas portion of the fluid, leaving an oil and water mixture.
  • this invention measures wavefront distortions. This system can also be applied in a variety of other scenarios that will be discussed later.
  • Fluids specifically those of different densities, refract light by varying degrees. The amount of refraction is a function of fluid composition and wavelength of the light passing through the fluid.
  • a physical property of the fluid (hereafter referred to as "refractive index”) is a parameter for determining the optical interaction of the fluid and the light refracted through it.
  • FIG. 1a shows an organic fluid analysis module 10 deployed to analyze a fluid mixture 12 of organics such as hydrocarbons and water and/or biological components including water, as well as other materials such as particulate matter, drilling mud, and materials such as matter that could be found in a hydrocarbon mixture, whether being produced from a well bore, during drilling, or in a laboratory for testing purposes.
  • organics such as hydrocarbons and water and/or biological components including water, as well as other materials such as particulate matter, drilling mud, and materials such as matter that could be found in a hydrocarbon mixture, whether being produced from a well bore, during drilling, or in a laboratory for testing purposes.
  • Use of the organic fluid analysis module as a hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10 will be described first followed by an example of a biological imager.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10 has a light source 14 and a detector 16 arranged on opposite sides of the flowing hydrocarbon fluid mixture 12.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10 is such that there are transparent, or partially transparent, openings 18 between the light source 14 and the detector 16 that allow light to pass from the light source through the hydrocarbon fluid mixture 12 to the detector 16.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10 can incorporate any number of optical elements, including but certainly not limited to lenses, filters, diffraction gratings, and other optical elements that will be discussed in detail later. These optical elements can be incorporated into the openings 18 or can stand alone.
  • the light source 14 is a point source or extended point source with one or more discrete wavelengths temporally and/or spatially separated such as would be true for a single source that is pulsed or one or more spatially separated sources.
  • the source can include one or more discrete wavelengths or be a filtered white light source. If there are two or more light sources they can have overlapping spectra but two wavelengths must be at least detectable so that there is sufficient energy that is unique to each wavelength to provide two unique refractive properties after the light has passed through the fluid mixture. Note that alternatively a wideband white light source could be used unfiltered (without discrete wavelengths detectable at the source) and filtered at the detector. What is required is that the two wavelengths must be discrete to provide distinct and separate information when separately focused. Each discrete wavelength will be separately focused and the shift in the focal point measured from a known focal point.
  • FIG. 1 b shows another type of organic fluid analysis module being used as hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10a to analyze the fluid mixture 12 where the detector 16 is in an alternate location.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10a has a second surface 19 that can incorporate the detector 16 or may be reflective or partially reflective such that the detection of a component may be directly read, recorded on the surface 19 or reflected toward another location.
  • This embodiment could incorporate a circuit that diverted the focal point electronically as could the other embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 and 2a include a detailed schematic diagram of the organic fluid module being used as a hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10 shown in a flow line 20 which could be the flow line of a producing oil well, in a drill string during drilling in a flow line during testing or even in a container in the field or in a laboratory.
  • the fluid mixture 12 is shown between the light source 14 and the detector 16.
  • Light from the source 14 can be focused in the fluid mixture 12 where a real image ( ) of the source 14 is formed by L-i.
  • the light travels on to L 2 which can form another image (l 2 ) near an aperture or spatial filter 26 before being focused by a third collimating lens 28 onto the lens array 30 and an area sensor 32 which could be a focal plane array. It is not necessary that the focus occur in the fluid mixture 12.
  • the volume of the fluid mixture 12 that is being analyzed will be referred as the analysis zone 34 in the following discussion.
  • the analysis zone is also referred to as a capturing cone. The fact that this covers a larger volume allows integration and averaging of a larger volume of fluid mixture 12.
  • FIG. 3a; FIG. 3b, and FIG. 3c show alternate arrangements of the light source 14 and the detector 16 as well as one or more lenses that would work under certain circumstances.
  • FIG. 3a has the first lens 22, the aperture 26, and the collimating lens 28.
  • FIG. 3b does not have the collimating lens 28 and so the detector 16 must be able to handle light that has not been collimated. In this scenario, it may be more difficult to determine a unique solution due to the presence of higher order distortions. The same would be true if the collimating lens 28 was present but the aperture 26 was removed. The aperture 26 is not required in certain circumstances.
  • FIG. 3c adds a filter 35 so that a white light source can be used without a filter at the source but with some sort of filter at the detector 16. The detector filter could even be an electronic device or involve an algorithm.
  • FIG. 4 shows the light source 14 directed toward the first lens (L
  • the first lens could be any distance from the light source as would be known in the art as long as the expanding wave front is known as it enters the fluid mixture 12.
  • the wave front will be refracted by the first lens 22, refracted through the fluid mixture 12, and in this embodiment, if refracted through pure water, would focus at a point 36 between the first lens 22 and the second lens 24.
  • the focal point 36 if the fluid mixture 12 was pure water, would be N wate r (refractive index of water) ⁇ 2 ⁇ _f ⁇ (focal length of the first lens 22) from the first lens 22, and a distance equal to N wa t ⁇ r (refractive index of water) ⁇ 2 ⁇ f 2 (focal length of the second lens 24) from the second lens 24.
  • the lenses 22 and 24 are separated by a distance "d" shown by 38.
  • the emerging light would be focused by the second lens 24 and directed toward the spatial filter 26, which in this embodiment is a distance equal to 2sf 2 from the second lens 24.
  • the organic analysis module 10 such as the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module, the light wave front has been distorted by scattering in the fluid.
  • the distorted wave front represented by 40 in the diagram, would defocus by higher order terms incorporated in it, as shown in the diagram by the wavy line 42.
  • the wave front After this distorted wave front 40 passes through the spatial filter or aperture 26, the wave front has some of the noise eliminated.
  • the choice of an aperture or spatial filter 26 is important to the success of this apparatus because, like a confocal microscope, it eliminates noise (higher order distortions) without removing the focus information. If the aperture is too small the information that includes the mixture dependent focus would be lost. If the aperture is too large, unnecessary noise would detract from the efficiency of the apparatus. All of the distances must be measured precisely since the shift in the focal point will be the order of a wavelength.
  • the filter aperture requirements are heavily dependent on the optical system layout and the defined measurement tolerances. Given that defocus shifts are the primary wavefront aberration to be measured, all other contributions to the WFE (wavefront error) can be ignored.
  • the filter aperture 26 can help reduce the other aberrations (typically, of a higher order than defocus), which are primarily due to scattering generated by the material being measured.
  • the filter aperture 26 can help reduce the other aberrations (typically, of a higher order than defocus), which are primarily due to scattering generated by the material being measured.
  • w(x p ,y p ) encompasses the aberration phase terms of the exit pupil wavefront.
  • ⁇ is the phase error term.
  • the specified shifts in defocus are related to ⁇ and an aperture 26 can be constructed such that the higher order contributions are minimized with respect to the desired measurable defocus range.
  • the third collimating lens 28 (also referred to as “a fourier transform lens” or “FT lens”) is placed a distance equal to its focal length from the spatial filter 26.
  • the third, collimating lens 28 essentially turns the wavefront "inside out” and the focus information is the largest component of the light wavefront leaving the collimating lens 28.
  • the light is focused on the lens array 30 of this embodiment which could take many different formats (such as Shack-Hartmann, Interferometry phase diversity, various algorithms, electric circuits, etc.).
  • a Shack-Hartmann area sensor 32 can perform an inverse fourier transform resulting in spot shifts when a refractive index of the fluid mixture 12 changes.
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of the organic analysis module being used as a hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10 and a reference fluid with a known refractive index such as water, calibrated so that the focus of the light passed through at the detector 16.
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic drawing of the above organic analysis module 10 and both the reference fluid and another lighter fluid such that the focal point changes in relation to the change in refractive index due to the amount of hydrocarbon in the mixture.
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic drawing of the above organic analysis module 10 and both the reference fluid and another heavier fluid such that the focal point changes in relation to the change in refraction index due to the heavier fluid. Note that the focal point will shift in a direction opposite of that in FIG. 4b in this example.
  • the introduction of the lighter gas causes less refraction because the light is traveling through a fluid with a lower refractive index.
  • FIG. 5d is a schematic drawing of the organic analysis module 10 and the reference fluid, as well as both a lighter and a heavier fluid so that there is the need to focus two different wavelengths of light to solve for the two unknown fractions of organics, such as hydrocarbons are present.
  • FIG. 5e is a schematic drawing of the organic analysis module 10 with three phases of a fluid, such as oil, water, and gas, and a Shack-Hartmann detector.
  • a fluid such as oil, water, and gas
  • the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module embodiment is particularly applicable to production logging, production facilities, drill string testing or any flow stream or volume that contains hydrocarbons and other materials like water and drilling mud. It is not necessary to know the refractive index of the hydrocarbon fractions in order to use this method.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10 can be connected to a flow line such that the hydrocarbon fluids to be analyzed pass through it. It should be appreciated, however, that it is not intended that the invention be limited to any particular method or apparatus for obtaining the hydrocarbon fluids. It is noted, however, that preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10 which is used to practice the preferred method of the invention may include a processor (not shown) for carrying out calculations as set forth below.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10 is set to analyze a fluid flow of a hydrocarbon mixture as shown in FIG. 6. This fluid flow could be part of a pipeline, flow line, or it could be in a drill stream for drill stem testing, or in a separate vessel or system in a laboratory.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module 10 can be used to analyze hydrocarbon and water fractions in a flow. While the light source is shown to produce two or more discrete wavelengths, it will be appreciated that any light source producing a plurality of distinct wavelengths could be utilized, if the wavelengths can be separately focused. If there is only one unknown fraction then one known wavelength and one measurement of displacement from a known focal point is sufficient to determine the unknown fraction.
  • FIG. 7 shows a fluid stream that can be analyzed using this embodiment to determine the rate of flow.
  • One method for measuring the hydrocarbon fractions includes projecting two discrete wavelengths, ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 , through the flowing hydrocarbon fluid mixture 12 causing wave front distortions allowing for the determination of two separate focal point displacements and the determination of two hydrocarbon fractions in response to the measurements generated by ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 .
  • This method requires values of ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 such that:
  • N( ⁇ ) refractive index and is known for water and gas but unknown for oil.
  • A,B,C are coefficients for oil, gas and water respectively.
  • Other properties that can be calculated include any physical property that has a relationship that changes with the refractive index.
  • the refractive index relates to the interaction of light with the electrons in a substance, the more electrons, and the more polarizable the electrons, the higher the refractive index.
  • viscosity is resistant to the shearing force, it is related to the interactions between molecules as they move past one another. It is possible to relate viscosity and other properties to the refractive index of light within a specific class of components, specifically hydrocarbons for example, by correlating the two properties and using the relationship.
  • the Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Analyzer is constructed by placing an array of apertures in front of a charge-coupled device or CCD camera. These apertures allow light be diffracted by the plate onto the CCD. The segments of the beam that pass through the apertures will be spatially displaced from the center position, based on the direction of travel, or the phase of that part of the beam. The CCD camera measures the phase of each spot by measuring this displacement. Software algorithms then reconstruct a wavefront for the entire beam. The spacing of the apertures defines the resolution of the system, and the size of each aperture is calculated to optimize sensitivity to phase changes. In contrast, a Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Analyzer uses an array of small lenslets to collect all of the beam in each aperture position, and project all of it onto a detector.
  • a spherical wavefront is refracted through the fluid mixture 12, which will eventually be focused. It is preferred that the focus be located within the fluid mixture 12.
  • a key component is the aperture or spatial filter 26 which eliminates the majority of the (waste) scattered light outside of the focus region.
  • the aperture or spatial filter 26 functions as a noise filter. This is how confocal microscopy works.
  • the aperture size is optimized to account for focus shifts (+ or -) due to average volume index changes. Any wavefront can be propagated through the test region, if the wavefront is pre-determined before being transmitted through the distortion zone (e.g., an oil-water mix), and if there is a reference volume of fluid (e.g., water) to make a comparison with.
  • An distortion dependent shift in focus (defocus) is going to be the largest distortion component, hence, the easiest to detect and measure (even in a noisy environment).
  • a strobe will be used as shown in FIG. 7 and accommodations made for the fluid velocity profile in a pipe.
  • the flow profile can be compensated by taking the flow rate at the center of the stream and at the edges and averaging, or testing at the center. LED's are strobed at different duty cycles until particles appear stationary (within a certain tolerance). Hence, the velocity of the fluid can be determined.
  • the sensing array can have a central imaging lens to detect the flow rate and wavefront sensor lenslets to detect the wave front information and distortions. With a fixed imaging optic, the device measures the velocity of particulate matter in the focus region in the fluid using a strobe. If the fluid ratios and oil viscosity values are known, the volume fluid flow rate can be calculated if the center flow rate has been determined. By varying the gate time of the strobe, imaged particles may appear stationary once the gate time is correct.
  • the device measures velocity of particulate matter in the focus region in the fluid using a strobe. With knowledge of the fluid ratios, and density values, the fluid volume flow can be determined. It is also possible to scan the imaging optic (using a speaker coil mounted optic as used in CD players) and collect a range of flow data.
  • a number of basic improvements result, which include a reduction of errors due to optical scattering losses; simplification of instrument calibration; improved accuracy for low-water-cut (higher ratio of oil to water); elimination of calibration step; accurate measurements with 20% gas void fraction; accurate multi-phase (oil/water/gas) detection system over all ratios; and three-phase linear velocity measurement.
  • FIG. 8a shows a biological imager 50, deployed to analyze a biological mixture of biological components including water, particulate matter, and other materials that could be found in a biological system.
  • FIG. 8 shows a cell 51 with a variety of components such as protein, matrix-based gels hereafter referred to as a biological mixture 52 which could be any system of components but is shown here as a cell. Control of the fluid of the bath, as well as its movement if relevant, is known and can be described in a variety of ways, some of which are not to be discussed in this application.
  • the biological imager 50 has the light source 14 and the detector 16, discussed above, arranged on opposite sides of a sample of a biological mixture 52 which is made up of non-immiscible biological components. This mixture must be such that when separated it retains its ratio.
  • the biological imager is such that there are transparent, or partially transparent, openings 18 between the light source and the detector that allow light to pass from the light source through the biological mixture 52 to detector 16.
  • the biological imager 50 can incorporate any number of optical elements, including but certainly not limited to lenses, filters, diffraction gratings, and other optical elements that were discussed in detail above. These optical elements can be incorporated into the openings 18 or can stand alone.
  • FIG. 8b shows a biological imager 50a to analyze the fluid mixture 52 where the detector 16 is in an alternate location.
  • the biological imager 50a has a second surface 53 that can incorporate the detector 16 or may be reflective or partially reflective such that the detection of a component may be directly read, recorded on the surface 53 or reflected toward another location.
  • This embodiment could incorporate a circuit that diverted the focal point electronically as could the other embodiments.
  • FIG. 9a and 9b are detailed schematic diagrams of the biological imager 50 shown in a container 60 which could be a laboratory.
  • the fluid mixture 52 is shown between the light source 14 and the detector 16.
  • Light from the source 14 can be focused in the fluid mixture 52 where a real image ( ) of the source 14 is formed by L
  • the light travels on to (L 2 ) which can form another image (l 2 ) near an aperture or spatial filter 66 before being focused by a third collimating lens 68 onto the lens array 80 and an area sensor 82 which could be a focal plane array. It is not necessary that the focus occur in the fluid mixture 52.
  • the volume of the fluid mixture 52 that is being analyzed will be referred as the analysis zone 84 in the following discussion.
  • the analysis zone is also referred to as a capturing cone. The fact that this covers a larger volume allows integration and averaging of a larger volume of fluid mixture 52.
  • FIG. 3a; FIG. 3b, and FIG. 3c, and FIG 4, discussed above, show alternate arrangements of a light source 14 and the detector 16 as well as one or more lenses that would work under certain circumstances with the biological imager.
  • FIG. 10a is a schematic diagram of the biological imager 50 and a reference fluid with a known refractive index such as water, calibrated so that the focus of the light passed through at the detector 16.
  • FIG. 10b is a schematic drawing of the biological imager 50 and both the reference fluid and another lighter fluid such that the focal point changes in relation to the change in refractive index due to the amount of biological components in the mixture.
  • FIG. 10c is a schematic drawing of the biological imager 50 and both the reference fluid and another heavier fluid such that the focal point changes in relation to the change in refraction index due to the heavier fluid. Note that the focal point will shift in a direction opposite of that in FIG. 4b in this example.
  • the introduction of the lighter gas causes less refraction because the light is traveling through a fluid with a lower refractive index.
  • FIG. 10d is a schematic drawing of the biological imager 50 and the reference fluid, as well as both a lighter and a heavier fluid so that there is the need to focus two different wavelengths of light to solve for the two unknown fractions of biological components present.
  • FIG. 10e is a schematic drawing of the biological imager 50 with all three phases of fluid and a Shack-Hartmann detector.
  • the biological imager 50 in conjunction with the imaging lens shown in Figure 6 and the arrangement shown in Figure 7 can analyze movement of fluid in a biological mixture. The analysis of these components is discussed in detail above in conjunction with the hydrocarbon fluid analysis module.
  • this biological system could be part of an organism.
  • Many cellular functions can be attributed to and are accomplished by gel properties of sub-membrane cytoskeleton or actin, microtubules and other protein structures such as regulating ionic fluxes and concentrations. Cytoplasmic gels manifest collective phase transitions such as ploymerization of actin proteins with accompanying ordering of cell water and exclusion of large cations.
  • One embodiment of the method for measuring the biological fractions includes projecting two discrete wavelengths ⁇ and ⁇ 2 through the biological components causing wavefront distortion allowing for the determination of two separate focal point displacements and the determination of two biological fractions in response to the measurements generated by ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 .
  • This method requires values of ⁇ - ⁇ and ⁇ 2 such that:
  • OPL Optical Path Length (measured by the refractometer)
  • N BC2 refractive index of one biological component
  • N B c ⁇ and N B C3 refractive indices of two other biological components
  • A, B, C and N BC2 there are four unknowns (A, B, C and N BC2 ) since only N B c ⁇ and N B c3 are known.
  • four wavelengths ( ⁇ i, ⁇ 2 ; ⁇ 3 , ⁇ ) must be focused and the distance from a known focal point measured for each [N avg ( ⁇ - ⁇ ); N avg ( ⁇ 2 ), N avg ( ⁇ 3 ), N avg ( ⁇ )].
  • the N BC2 varies in a known way according to the Cauchy relationship such that:
  • Other properties that can be calculated include any physical property that has a relationship that changes with the refractive index.
  • the refractive index relates to the interaction of light with the electrons in a substance, the more electrons, and the more polarizable the electrons, the higher the refractive index.
  • viscosity is resistant to the shearing force, it is related to the interactions between molecules as they move past one another. It is possible to relate viscosity and other properties to the refractive index of light within a specific class of components, specifically proteins for example, by correlating the two properties and using the relationship .
  • the Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Analyzer can be used to help solve the equations as discussed above. Essentially, a spherical wavefront is refracted through the biological mixture 52, which will eventually be focused. It is preferred that the focus be located within the biological mixture 52.
  • a key component is the aperture or spatial filter 66 which eliminates the majority of the (waste) scattered light outside of the focus region.
  • the aperture or spatial filter 66 functions as a noise filter. This is how confocal microscopy works. Additionally, the aperture size is optimized to account for focus shifts (+ or -) due to average volume index changes.
  • Any wavefront can be propagated through the test region, if the wavefront is pre-determined before being transmitted through the distortion zone (e.g., a component-water mix), and if there is a reference volume of material (e.g., water) to make a comparison with.
  • the distortion zone e.g., a component-water mix
  • a reference volume of material e.g., water
  • the refractive index or relative fractions of components be calculated but other relative functions like thickness, size, geometry, and viscosity of the cellular components such as different fluids or gels such as the protein matrix-based gels.
  • a strobe will be used as shown in FIG. 7 and accommodations made for the boundary effects in the container or flow tube similar to that discussed in conjunction with the hydrocarbon module discussed above.
  • the flow profile can be compensated by taking the flow rate at the center of the container or flow tube and at the edges and averaging, or testing at the center. LED's are strobed at different duty cycles until particles appear stationary (within a certain tolerance). Hence, the velocity of the fluid can be determined.
  • the sensing array can have a central imaging lens to detect the flow rate and wavefront sensor lenslets to detect the wave front information and distortions. With a fixed imaging optic, the device measures the velocity of particulate matter in the focus region in the fluid using a strobe. If the fluid ratios and component values are known, the volume fluid flow rate can be calculated if the center flow rate has been determined. By varying the gate time of the strobe, imaged particles may appear stationary once the gate time is correct.
  • the device measures velocity of particulate matter in the focus region in the fluid using a strobe. With knowledge of the fluid ratios, and density values, the fluid volume flow can be determined. It is also possible to scan the imaging optic (using a speaker coil mounted optic as used in CD players) and collect a range of flow data. A number of basic improvements result, which include the reduction of errors due to optical scattering losses; simplification of instrument calibration; improved accuracy for low-water-cut (higher ratio of biological component to water); elimination of calibration step; accurate multi-component detection system over all ratios; and flow measurements (if required).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a trait à un appareil et à un procédé permettant d'analyser divers éléments dans un système présentant au moins deux indices de réfraction différents, tels que des fractions pétrolières et aqueuses dans un flux d'écoulement à phases multiples, ainsi que les débits respectifs des éléments. L'appareil et le procédé selon l'invention peuvent servir à déterminer diverses fractions de substances organiques dans d'autres systèmes organiques, telles que les éléments d'un système biologique. Les fractions sont déterminées sur la base d'informations recueillies sur leurs indices de réfraction respectifs lorsqu'elles sont exposées à des longueurs d'ondes lumineuses particulières.
PCT/US2004/016256 2003-05-20 2004-05-20 Module d'analyse organique WO2004104554A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/441,837 2003-05-20
US10/441,840 US7105849B2 (en) 2003-05-20 2003-05-20 Hydrocarbon fluid analysis module
US10/441,840 2003-05-20
US10/441,837 US7006219B2 (en) 2003-05-20 2003-05-20 Biological imager

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004104554A2 true WO2004104554A2 (fr) 2004-12-02
WO2004104554A3 WO2004104554A3 (fr) 2005-03-31

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PCT/US2004/016256 WO2004104554A2 (fr) 2003-05-20 2004-05-20 Module d'analyse organique

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WO (1) WO2004104554A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008043383A1 (fr) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ensemble d'enregistrement d'images de particules utilisé pour une reconnaissance automatique
WO2014158160A1 (fr) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Étalonnage d'outils sur site

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5331156A (en) * 1992-10-01 1994-07-19 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method of analyzing oil and water fractions in a flow stream
US6335959B1 (en) * 1999-10-04 2002-01-01 Daniel Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for determining oil well effluent characteristics for inhomogeneous flow conditions
US6462809B1 (en) * 1998-11-13 2002-10-08 Leica Microsystems, Inc. Refractomer and method for qualitative and quantitative measurements
US6476384B1 (en) * 2000-10-10 2002-11-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for downhole fluids analysis

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5331156A (en) * 1992-10-01 1994-07-19 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method of analyzing oil and water fractions in a flow stream
US6462809B1 (en) * 1998-11-13 2002-10-08 Leica Microsystems, Inc. Refractomer and method for qualitative and quantitative measurements
US6335959B1 (en) * 1999-10-04 2002-01-01 Daniel Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for determining oil well effluent characteristics for inhomogeneous flow conditions
US6476384B1 (en) * 2000-10-10 2002-11-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for downhole fluids analysis

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008043383A1 (fr) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ensemble d'enregistrement d'images de particules utilisé pour une reconnaissance automatique
WO2014158160A1 (fr) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Étalonnage d'outils sur site
AU2013384229B2 (en) * 2013-03-28 2017-01-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. In-situ calibration of tools
US9568641B2 (en) 2013-03-28 2017-02-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. In-situ calibration of tools

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