WO2004098177A1 - Equipment and method for detecting commrcial automately - Google Patents

Equipment and method for detecting commrcial automately Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004098177A1
WO2004098177A1 PCT/CN2004/000384 CN2004000384W WO2004098177A1 WO 2004098177 A1 WO2004098177 A1 WO 2004098177A1 CN 2004000384 W CN2004000384 W CN 2004000384W WO 2004098177 A1 WO2004098177 A1 WO 2004098177A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
video
video frames
frame
group
prompt
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2004/000384
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004098177A8 (en
Inventor
Xuwen Yu
Wentao Zheng
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd. filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd.
Priority to JP2006504211A priority Critical patent/JP2006524936A/ja
Priority to EP04728503A priority patent/EP1619884A4/en
Priority to US10/554,999 priority patent/US20060221232A1/en
Publication of WO2004098177A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004098177A1/zh
Publication of WO2004098177A8 publication Critical patent/WO2004098177A8/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/40Scenes; Scene-specific elements in video content
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/422Input-only peripherals, i.e. input devices connected to specially adapted client devices, e.g. global positioning system [GPS]
    • H04N21/42204User interfaces specially adapted for controlling a client device through a remote control device; Remote control devices therefor
    • H04N21/42206User interfaces specially adapted for controlling a client device through a remote control device; Remote control devices therefor characterized by hardware details
    • H04N21/4221Dedicated function buttons, e.g. for the control of an EPG, subtitles, aspect ratio, picture-in-picture or teletext
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/44008Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving operations for analysing video streams, e.g. detecting features or characteristics in the video stream
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47End-user applications
    • H04N21/488Data services, e.g. news ticker
    • H04N21/4882Data services, e.g. news ticker for displaying messages, e.g. warnings, reminders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/81Monomedia components thereof
    • H04N21/812Monomedia components thereof involving advertisement data
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/14Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
    • H04N5/147Scene change detection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and method for detecting advertisements received by a television receiver. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for detecting an advertisement played in a received television program, and reminding a viewer when the advertisement ends, the advertisement has ended, and the television can be continuously watched. Background technique
  • the most direct solution to avoid watching advertisements is to hide some information in TV commercials, such as using digital watermarking technology or logo information, or embedding the information into the program code stream by using a specific identifier when digitally encoding the program.
  • TV commercials such as using digital watermarking technology or logo information
  • embedding the information into the program code stream by using a specific identifier when digitally encoding the program when a television receiver receives a program, it can determine that a certain program is an advertisement by detecting a unique digital watermark or identifier.
  • this method not only increases the workload of the TV program sender, but also may not be accepted by the advertisement producer.
  • a Chinese patent publication CN1118967A entitled "Broadcast recording system for recording dissemination of content without recording advertisements” published on March 20, 1996 discloses a system for avoiding recording of advertisements in recorded programs.
  • the patent publication discloses a method and apparatus for removing advertisement content from a recorded television broadcast. Its technical solution is to monitor TV broadcasts at the central station and send control and instructional broadcasts to receivers in users' homes.
  • the instructional broadcast includes a TV program schedule and control data of the video recorder.
  • the processor receiving the broadcast pauses and resumes the recording process of the identified broadcast according to the control broadcast.
  • the user can call the central station to program the user's video recorder so that it can record a specific broadcast program.
  • the disclosed broadcast recording system avoids advertisements in recorded TV programs through a predetermined program according to a preset TV broadcast time. Its structure is more complicated, and it is necessary to get in touch with the central station to program the video recorder, which is a cumbersome process.
  • the patent disclosure is only to avoid recording advertisements in video programs, and there is no 000384 Solve the problem of TV viewers avoiding advertisements while watching TV.
  • the schedule of programs may change at any time, the problem of avoiding watching advertisements cannot be completely solved based on time alone.
  • Chinese patent ZL90100863 (publication number CN1022661C) granted to RCA Licensing Company on November 3, 1993 discloses an advertisement information timer that starts automatically.
  • the disclosed advertisement timer stores the data of the previously tuned channel according to the instruction of changing the channel, and starts to repeat the timing of the predetermined time limit. Each time the time limit is reached, the user is reminded that the advertisement of the previously tuned channel may have ended. By starting the timer and searching for other channels, the user can avoid advertisements in the previously tuned channel. In the disclosed information timer, it is still related to the time factor.
  • the apparatus and method for avoiding watching advertisements in the prior art mentioned above all require a user to preset a time. There is no direct connection with the TV commercials. This is because the time setting is not suitable, or the broadcast time of the program is changed, which leads to the failure to avoid or completely avoid watching the advertisement, or because the advertisement is over and the channel is not switched in time and misses a part of the program you want to watch. problem. Therefore, these prior arts have the disadvantage of not being able to accurately determine when the advertisement playback ends, thereby reminding viewers to watch the programs they want to watch in a timely manner.
  • the methods or devices of the prior art do not fully take into account the characteristics of the advertisement itself and the continuity that the program may have. If an advertisement is inserted in the middle of a program, the program may have a strong continuity before and after the advertisement. And advertisements are clearly different from ordinary programs.
  • the length of a TV commercial is usually very short, such as a few seconds to tens of seconds. In such a short period of time, it is necessary to clearly and clearly convey the characteristics of the product. It requires the use of as few pictures as possible to fully convey the information, which leads to the advertising lens. The frequency of change is faster and the color pairs are more intense.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for determining the end of the playback of an advertisement by detecting the correlation of television pictures, so as to promptly remind viewers to watch a television program that they want to watch,
  • an apparatus for automatically detecting a TV advertisement including: a video frame buffer, configured to store a first group of video frames and a lens shear frequency received by a television set and the first group of video frames. A different second group of video frames; a video lens shear detection and calculation device, configured to read the first group and the second group of video frames stored in the video frame buffer, and calculate the The last frame of the first set of video frames is cut to the second set of video frames before the first set of video frames is used as a prompt key frame, and a newly received video frame is calculated with A correlation between the prompt key frames; a prompt signal generating device for detecting a correlation between the newly received video frame and the prompt key frame at the video lens shear detection and calculation device When it is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, a prompt signal is generated; and a control device is configured to control the video lens shear detection and calculation device to perform reading and calculation operations.
  • an apparatus for automatically detecting a TV advertisement includes a video frame buffer for storing a first group of video frames and a lens shearing speed received by a television set, which are obvious from the first group of video frames.
  • a different second group of video frames a video lens shear detection and calculation device, configured to read the first group and the second group of video frames stored in the video frame buffer, and calculate the first group
  • the last frame of the first group of video frames before the group of video frames is cut to the second group of video frames is used as a prompt key frame, and the correlation between the newly received video frame and the prompt key frame is calculated
  • a prompt signal generating device configured to generate a prompt signal when the video lens shear detection and calculation device detects that a correlation between the newly received video frame and the prompt key frame is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold
  • a control device configured to control the prompt signal generation according to the video lens shear detection and calculation device detecting the shear of the second group of video frames to the first group of video frames Prompt means
  • a method for automatically detecting a television advertisement includes the steps of: storing a first set of video frames and a lens shearing frequency received by a television that are significantly different from the first set of video frames. Two sets of video frames; upon receiving a command prompting the end of the advertisement, reading the stored first and second sets of video frames, and detecting when the second set of video frames are switched to the A video frame related to the first set of video frames; when it is detected that the correlation between the newly received video frame and the last frame is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, a prompt signal is generated.
  • the apparatus and method for automatically detecting TV advertisements according to the present invention can save TV viewers from having to wait unnecessarily before TV advertisements, and can avoid worrying about missing previous programs when doing other things or watching other channel programs.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus for automatically detecting a TV advertisement according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Operation flow chart is a schematic diagram showing a video screen shearing feature of a television advertisement and a general television program
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus for automatically detecting a television advertisement according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the working principle of the apparatus and method for automatically detecting television advertisements according to the present invention will be briefly described.
  • the present invention fully considers the obvious difference between the video image of the advertisement and the video image of the ordinary television program, and utilizes the correlation between the video image frames to detect whether the television advertisement played has ended.
  • FIG. 1 is an apparatus for automatically detecting a television advertisement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device for automatically detecting a television advertisement of the present invention includes a television and a remote controller.
  • the remote control section adds an advertisement end prompt button to remind the end of the advertisement.
  • the viewer can send a command to the television to indicate that the advertisement is over by pressing the advertisement end prompt key 10 on the remote control through the signal transmitter 9.
  • the television receiver section includes a program signal source 1, a television program control device 2, a display device 3, a video frame buffer 4, a controller 5, a video lens shear detection and calculation device 6, a cue signal generating device 7, and a receiver 8 c
  • the device for automatically detecting television advertisements adds a video frame buffer 4, a controller 5, a video lens shear detection and calculation device 6, a prompt signal generating device 7 and a receiver 8 in addition to the existing television device. .
  • the receiver 8 may be omitted, and the controller 5 directly receives a command sent by the signal transmitter 9 of the remote controller to prompt the end of the advertisement.
  • a television program control device 2 of a television receiver receives a video signal transmitted from a program signal source 1 through an antenna (not shown), and obtains a video signal to be displayed after tuning and conversion in a tuning component (not shown) therein.
  • the television program control device 2 inputs the processed video signal to the display device 3 for display.
  • the display device 3 may be a display such as a cathode ray tube, a liquid crystal display, or a plasma display.
  • the video frame buffer 4 receives a video signal to be displayed from the television program control device 2.
  • the video frame buffer 4 stores video frame signals that can be played for several seconds, such as 5 to 10 seconds.
  • the video frame data input from the television program control device 2 to the video frame buffer 4 can be stored in the video frame buffer 4 frame by frame in order.
  • the video frame buffer 4 is connected to a video lens shear detection and detection device 6.
  • the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 reads the video frames stored in the video frame buffer 4 and calculates the lens shear of the read video frames.
  • a signal is output to the prompt signal generating device 7 when the end image of the played advertisement ends and is cut to the television program played before the advertisement.
  • the video frame buffer 4 may be provided with a dedicated storage area for storing a storage area of a previous frame where a video sudden change occurs.
  • the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 stores the video data buffer 4 of the previous frame of the calculated abrupt frame in a dedicated storage area of 0 in the video frame buffer 4.
  • the video frame buffer 4, the controller 5 and the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 may be implemented by a central processing unit.
  • the receiver 8 in the television receives a command transmitted by the signal transmitter '9 of the remote control to indicate the end of the advertisement playback.
  • the receiver 8 is connected to the controller 5, and after receiving a command indicating the end of the advertisement playback, the receiver 8 inputs a start signal to the controller 5.
  • the controller 5 After receiving the start signal, the controller 5 provides a control signal to the video lens shear detection and calculation device 65 to control the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 to read the stored video frames from the video frame buffer 4 and execute a calculation function. To calculate the shear frame and detect the video frame related to the shear frame.
  • a control signal is output to the prompt end advertising device 7 so that the prompt end advertising device 7 generates a signal prompting end of advertising.
  • the signal indicating the end of the advertisement may be a subtitle or other signal form displayed on the display 3, for example, a sound signal is issued to remind the viewer.
  • the television program control device 2 of the television receives a broadcast television program.
  • the output of the television program control device 2 is connected to the video frame buffer 4 and the display 3, and the displayed television program is displayed on the display 3.
  • the video frame buffer 4 always records the relevant information of the current section for 5 to 10 seconds. According to the calculation of 25 frames per second video, the program content of about 200 frames needs to be stored.
  • the actual amount of storage required is related to the resolution ratio of the television picture and whether a certain image compression algorithm is used. For example, it may require several megabytes of storage space.
  • the following method uses only the relevant two frames of information. In fact, it is only necessary to store the image of the two adjacent frames currently being processed and the retained image frame before the lens shearing, which can greatly Reduce the amount of storage required.
  • the television program control device 2 In addition to inputting video images to the display 3, the television program control device 2 also stores in the video frame buffer 4 Video frame of the first 5 to 10 seconds of the currently received video content. After the viewer starts to play the advertisement while watching the TV program, the viewer can then press the advertisement end prompt key 10 on the remote control, and the signal transmitter 9 on the remote control sends the detection end of the advertisement to the receiver 8 on the television. The command. After receiving the command transmitted by the signal transmitter 8, the receiver 8 provides a start signal to the controller 5. Thereafter, the controller 5 controls the video lens cut detection and calculation device 6 to detect a cut video image at the beginning of the advertisement stored in the video frame buffer 4 according to the video image mutation detection algorithm, and selects the previous frame of the cut image as the Key hint frames for TV shows.
  • the video image shear detection algorithm is performed based on the correlation between successive frames of the played image. Because there is a large difference between the program image and the advertisement image, there is a greater correlation between the advertisement image. Therefore, after receiving the control signal from the controller 5, the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 calculates the correlation with the previous frame image frame by frame from the last frame video image stored. When the correlation with a stored previous frame image is less than a preset threshold, it is determined that the previous frame image is the last frame before the cut, that is, the last frame of the television program before the advertisement starts to play (Hereinafter referred to as a key prompt frame), and stores the last frame of the television program in a special storage area set in the video frame buffer 4 for later comparison.
  • the key prompt frame may be stored in a memory (not shown).
  • the video image frames of a broadcast television program may be referred to as a first group of video frames
  • the video image frames of a broadcast advertisement may be referred to as a second group of video frames.
  • the video frame buffer 4 still stores the currently played image data for 5 to 10 seconds, and the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 compares the newly received image frame with the stored key prompt frame.
  • the image of a television program before and after an advertisement has a strong correlation.
  • the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 outputs a control signal to the notification end device 7.
  • the device for prompting the end of the advertisement 7 generates a signal for prompting the end of the advertisement to be displayed on the display 3, or emits a sound to prompt the viewer.
  • x, y represent the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the image, respectively, if x, y) represent the points (x, y) 000384 image gray value.
  • Fig. 3a shows the frequency of change of the video image of an advertisement
  • Fig. 3b shows the frequency of change of the video image of an ordinary television program.
  • the location of the spikes in the figure indicates that the image has changed significantly here. It can be seen from the figure that more than 5 shears can be detected in an advertisement of about 8 seconds, and the length of the shot does not exceed two seconds, while in an ordinary TV program (as shown in Figure 3b) 5 Seconds or even longer shots are not uncommon, but it can be seen that the frequency of changes in advertising shots is usually significantly faster than that of ordinary programs.
  • long shot detection is used, that is, if the time interval of shot cut is not less than Threshold, then the advertising program is considered to have ended.
  • the threshold can be set to about 5 seconds, or adjusted according to specific conditions.
  • the basic principle of lens shear detection is to find a better method for comparing differences between frames to detect spikes.
  • the point where the difference exceeds the set point is the lens switching point.
  • color histogram matching is used to make the frame Analysis of differences.
  • the specific calculation method is the same as described above, and the description is omitted here.
  • step S201 the television is powered on, and a video frame of about 5 to 10 seconds is stored in the buffer 4.
  • step S202 the receiver 8 detects whether or not a command prompting the end of the advertisement transmitted from the signal transmitter 9 on the remote control side is received. If the determination result in step S202 is negative, it continues to detect whether a command prompting the end of the advertisement is received.
  • step S202 If it is determined in step S202 that a command indicating the end of the advertisement is received, a start signal is provided to the controller 5 to start the controller 5 in step S203.
  • the controller 5 controls the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 to detect a sudden change of the video image frame, and stores in the buffer 4 the previous frame where the video frame has suddenly changed as a key frame for prompting.
  • step S204 ' it is judged whether the newly received video frame stored in the buffer matches the prompt key frame (correlation).
  • step S207 If the newly received video image frame matches the prompt key frame (relevant), or the time interval of lens shearing is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, the flow goes to step S207, and the prompt signal generating device 7 is controlled to generate an advertisement end prompt signal, and Appropriate methods, such as sounding, or displaying cue subtitles to alert viewers that the advertisement playback is over. If it is determined in step S204 that the newly received image does not match (not correlate with) the stored prompt key frame, and the time interval of lens cut is less than a predetermined threshold, the flow proceeds to step S205, it is determined that the advertisement playback has not ended, and returns Step S204 continues to perform correlation detection until the received detected received image frame matches the stored prompt key frame or is related.
  • the method for detecting image matching or correlation, or cutting an advertisement image to a television program image can use the algorithm used in the description of the device of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus for automatically detecting a television advertisement according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device used therein is the same as the device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the same reference numerals are used for the same devices in FIG. 1.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 lies in that: on the television side, the receiver 8 is directly connected to the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6, and the video lens shear detection and The computing device 6 performs image correlation detection.
  • the controller 5 is connected between the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 and the prompt advertisement ending device 7.
  • the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 When the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 detects an image frame that is related to or matches the prompt key frame, it provides a start signal to the controller 5, and the controller 5 controls the prompt advertisement end device 7 to generate an advertisement end prompt signal. In this embodiment, the video lens shear detection and calculation device 6 always detects the lens shear regardless of whether the key is prompted to transmit a signal or not. In this way, it is only necessary to store the currently processed images of two adjacent frames and the retained lens The image frame before shearing can greatly reduce the amount of storage required. Industrial applicability
  • the device and method for automatically detecting television advertisements of the present invention can automatically detect the end of advertisement playback, so that viewers no longer need to wait unnecessarily before television advertisements, and do not have to worry about missing previous views when doing other things or watching other channel programs Show.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Marketing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
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Description

自动检测电视广告的装置及其方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于检测电视接收机接收的广告的装置和方法。 更具体地说, 本 发明涉及一种检测接收的电视节目中播放的广告, 并在广告播放结束时提醒观众, 广 告已经结束, 可以继续观看电视的装置和方法。 背景技术
目前, 在播出的电视节目中夹杂着大量商业广告, 这些广告不但内容重复, 而且 播放时间较长, 使电视观众产生厌烦的感觉。 迄今为止, 人们已经想出了许多办法来 试图回避这些商业广告。 例如, 关掉播放广告的声音, 换频道, 或暂时离开电视, 去 处理其它事情。 但由于难以掌握广告播放的时间, 往往会造成当电视观众回来继续收 看想要观看的节目时, 广告播放仍未结束, 或想看的节目已经重新开始播放了一段时 间, 因而错过节目的收看。
避免收看广告的最为直接的解决方法是在电视广告节目中隐藏一些信息,如采用 数字水印技术或标志信息, 或者在对节目做数字编码时利用特定的标识符将信息嵌入 到节目码流中。 这样在电视接受方接受到节目的时候可以通过检测出特有的数字水印 或标识符来判定某段节目是广告。但是这种方法不仅增加了电视节目发送方的工作量, 而且可能不为广告制作方接受。
1996年 3月 20日公开的题为 "录下传播内容而不使广告也记录下来的广播录制 系统"的中国专利公开 CN1118967A中公开了一种避免在录制的节目中记录广告的系 统。 该专利公开揭示了一种从录制下来的电视广播中除去广告内容的方法和装置。 其 采用的技术方案是在中心站监视电视广播并给用户家中的接收机发送控制和指示性的 广播。 其中指示性的广播包括电视节目安排一览表和录象机的控制数据。 接收广播的 处理器根据该控制广播来暂停和恢复经识别的广播的录制过程, 用户可以通过向中心 站打电话要求将用户的录象机编程, 使其可以录制某个特定的广播节目。
所公开的广播录制系统根据预先安排的电视播放时间,通过预定程序来避免在录 制的电视节目中出现广告。 其结构较复杂, 并且要与中心站取得联系, 对录象机进行 编程, 其过程比较烦琐。 另外, 该专利公开仅是避免录制视频节目中的广告, 而没有 000384 解决电视观众在观看电视中回避广告的问题。 此外, 由于节目的安排可能随时变动, 因此, 仅依据时间因素并不能完全解决避免收看广告的问题。
1993 年 11 月 3 日授予 RCA 许可公司的中国专利 ZL90100863 (公开号 CN1022661C)公开了一种自动启动的广告信息定时器。所公开的广告定时器根据改变 频道的指令存储前一次调谐到的频道的数据, 并开始反复进行预定时限的计时。 每次 时限一到, 就向使用者提醒前一次调谐到的频道的广告可能已经结束。 使用者通过启 动定时器并搜索其它频道, 可以回避前一次调谐到的频道中的广告。 在所公开的这种 信息定时器中, 仍与时间因素有关。
上述现有技术中的用于避免观看广告的装置和方法都需要用户预设时间。而没有 与电视播放的广告画面直接建立联系。 这就存在着因时间设定的不合适, 或节目播放 时间改变而造成未能避开或完全避开收看广告, 或因广告播放已结束而没有及时转换 频道而错过一部分想要收看的节目的问题。 因此, 这些现有技术存在着不能准确地确 定广告播放何时结束, 从而提醒观众及时收看想收看的节目的缺陷。
现有技术的方法或装置并没有充分考虑到广告本身的特点和节目可能具有的连 续性。 如果广告在节目中间插入, 那么节目在广告的前后可能具有很强的连续性。 并 且广告与普通的节目有着明显的区别。 一个电视广告长度通常都很短, 如几秒到几十 秒, 在如此短暂的时间里要清晰、 明确地传达商品特点, 它要求用尽可能少的画面, 充分传达信息, 这就造成广告镜头变化的频率较快, 颜色对比较强烈。
鉴于此, 需要一种能够检测播放的广告画面, 确定广告播放何时结束, 从而能够 准确地提醒观众广告播放已经结束的装置和方法。 发明内容 · 本发明的目的是提供一种通过检测电视画面的相关性来确定广告的播放结束,从 而及时提醒观众收看想收看的电视节目的装置和方法,
根据本发明的一个方面, 提供一种自动检测电视广告的装置, 包括: 视频帧缓存 器, 用于存储电视机接收的第一组视频帧和镜头切变频率与所述第一组视频帧明显不 '同的第二组视频帧; 视频镜头切变检测和计算装置, 用于读取所述视频帧缓存器中存 储的所述第一组和所述第二组视频帧, 并计算所述第一组视频帧向所述第二组视频帧 切变前的所述第一组视频帧的最后一帧作为提示关键帧, 以及计算新接收的视频帧与 .所述提示关键帧之间的相关性; 提示信号产生装置, 用于在所述视频镜头切变检测和 计算装置检测到所述新接收的视频帧与所述提示关键帧之间的相关性大于或等于预定 的阈值时, 产生提示信号; 和控制装置, 用于控制所述视频镜头切变检测和计算装置 执行读取, 计算的操作。
根据本发明的另一个方面,一种自动检测电视广告的装置,包括:视频帧缓存器, 用于存储电视机接收的第一组视频帧和镜头切变速度与所述第一组视频帧明显不同的 第二组视频帧; 视频镜头切变检测和计算装置, 用于读取所述视频帧缓存器中存储的 所述第一组和所述第二组视频帧, 并计算所述第一组视频帧向所述第二组视频帧切变 前的所述第一组视频帧的最后一帧作为提示关键帧, 以及计算新接收的视频帧与所述 提示关键帧之间的相关性; 提示信号产生装置, 用于在所述视频镜头切变检测和计算 装置检测到所述新接收的视频帧与所述提示关键帧之间的相关性大于或等于预定的阈 值时, 产生提示信号; 和控制装置, 用于根据所述视频镜头切变检测和计算装置检测 到所述第二组视频帧向所述第一组视频帧的切变而控制所述提示信号产生装置产生提 示信号。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供一种自动检测电视广告的方法,该方法包括步骤: 存储电视机接收的第一组视频帧和镜头切变频率与所述第一组视频帧明显不同的第二 组视频帧; 在接收到提示广告结束的命令时, 读取存储的所述第一组和所述第二组视 频帧, 并检测所述第二组视频帧何时切变到与所述第一组视频帧相关的视频帧; 在检 测到所述新接收的视频帧与所述最后一帧之间的相关性大于或等于预定的阈值时, 产 生提示信号。
根据本发明的自动检测电视广告的装置和方法可使电视观众不必再在电视广告 前做无谓的等待, 并可在做其它事情或者观看其它频道节目的时候不必担心错过了以 前看的节目。 附图说明
通过下面结合附图对本发明实施例的详细描述,将使本发明的上述和其它方面的 目的、 特征及优点变得更明显并更容易理解, 需要说明的是这些实施例仅是为了说明 本发明, 而不是将本发明的技术方案限制于此, 其中- 图 1是表示根据本发明一个实施例的自动检测电视广告的装置的配置方框图; 图 2是表示根据本发明实施例的自动检测电视广告的操作流程图; ' 图 3是表示电视广告与普通电视节目的视频画面切变特征的示意图; 和 图 4是表示根据本发明另一个实施例的自动检测电视广告的装置的配置方框图。 具体实施方式
首先, 简要说明根据本发明的自动检测电视广告的装置和方法的工作原理。本发 明充分考虑到广告视频图像与普通电视节目的视频图像之间的明显区别, 利用视频图 像帧之间的相关性来检测播放的电视广告是否已经结束。
通常, 电视节目的视频图像帧之间具有较强的连续性。如果在电视节目的播放过 程中插播广告, 那么视频图像要出现较大的变化。 而在广告播放结束后恢复电视节目 的播放时, 所播放的电视节目图像帧与刚刚在广告播放前的前一帧或前几帧的节目图 像帧之间存在着很强的连续性。 因此, 通过比较视频图像之间的相关性可以检测广告 播放是否结束。
下面通过参考附图详细描述根据本发明的自动检测电视广告的装置的实施例。 图 1是根据本发明实施例的自动检测电视广告的装置。如图 1所示, 本发明的自 动检测电视广告的装置包括电视机和遥控器两部分。 其中在遥控器部分增加一个用于 提醒广告播放结束的广告结束提示按键。 当电视开始播放广告时, 观众可通过按下遥 控器上的广告结束提示键 10, 通过信号发射器 9向电视机发出提示广告播放结束的命 令。
电视接收机部分包括节目信号源 1 , 电视节目控制装置 2, 显示装置 3,视频帧缓 存器 4, 控制器 5, 视频镜头切变检测和计算装置 6, 提示信号产生装置 7, 和接受器 8 c
根据本发明的自动检测电视广告的装置除现有电视机的装置外,增加了视频帧缓 存器 4,控制器 5, 视频镜头切变检测和计算装置 6, 提示信号产生装置 7和接受器 8。 其中可以省略接受器 8, 而由控制器 5直接接收遥控器的信号发射器 9发送的提示广 告播放结束的命令。
电视接收机的电视节目控制装置 2通过天线(未示出)接收从节目信号源 1发射 的视频信号, 在其中的调谐组件(未示出) 中进行调谐和转换后获得要显示的视频信 号。 电视节目控制装置 2将处理后的视频信号输入到显示装置 3进行显示。 显示装置 3可以是诸如阴极射线管, 液晶显示器, 或等离子体显示器之类的显示器。 84 另外, 作为根据本发明的自动检测电视广告的装置, 其中的视频帧缓存器 4从电 视节目控制装置 2接收待显示的视频信号。 视频帧缓存器 4存储可供播放数秒, 例如 5至 10秒的视频帧信号。 从电视节目控制装置 2输入到视频帧缓存器 4的视频帧数据 可以按顺序逐帧地存储在视频帧缓存器 4中。 视频帧缓存器 4连接到视频镜头切变检 5 测和计算装置 6。 视频镜头切变检测和计算装置 6读取视频帧缓存器 4中存储的视频 帧, 并计算所读取的视频帧的镜头切变。 在播放的广告结束图象结束并切变到广告前 播放的电视节目时输出信号到提示信号产生装置 7。 作为例子, 视频帧缓存器 4中可 以设置有专用存储区, 用于存储产生视频突变的前一帧的存储区。 视频镜头切变检测 和计算装置 6将计算出的突变帧的前一帧视频数据缓存器 4存储在视频帧缓存器 4中0 的专用存储区。 作为实例, 视频帧缓存器 4, 控制器 5和视频镜头切变检测和计算装 置 6可由中央处理单元来实施。
电视机中的接受器 8接收遥控器的信号发射器' 9发射的提示广告播放结束的命 令。 接受器 8连接到控制器 5, 接收到提示广告播放结束的命令后, 接受器 8向控制 器 5输入启动信号。 控制器 5接收到启动信号后, 向视频镜头切变检测和计算装置 65 提供控制信号, 控制视频镜头切变检测和计算装置 6从视频帧缓冲器 4读取存储的视 频帧, 并执行计算功能以计算切变帧及检测与切变帧相关的视频帧。 在检测到与专用 · . 存储区中存储的视频帧相关的视频帧时, 向提示广告结束装置 7输出控制信号, 以使 提示广告结束装置 7产生提示广告结束的信号。 提示广告结束的信号可以是显示在显 示器 3上的字幕或其它信号形式, 例如, 发出声音信号等, 以提示观众。
0 接下来描述本发明实施例的自动检测电视广告的装置的操作。 电视机的电视节目 控制装置 2接收广播的电视节目。 电视节目控制装置 2的输出与视频帧缓存器 4和显 示器 3相连, 并在显示器 3上显示播放的电视节目。 考虑到后面描述的处理的需要, 在视频帧缓存器 4始终记录着当前节目前 5到 10秒的相关信息。按照 25帧 /秒视频的 情况计算, 需要存储大约 200帧的节目内容。 实际所需存储量大小与电视画面的分辨5 率标准及是否采用一定的图象压缩算法有关, 例如, 可以需要几兆字节的存储空间。
如果为了缩小存储量, 可以对视频数据采用较大的压缩比。 作为一个实例, 以下采用 ' 的方法只用到相关两帧的信息, 那么实际上只需要存储当前处理的相邻两帧的图象和 保留下来的镜头切变前的图象帧, 这样可以大大减少所需要的存储量。
电视节目控制装置 2除向显示器 3输入视频图像外,还在视频帧缓存器 4中存储 当前接收的视频内容的前 5至 10秒的视频帧。当观众在收看电视节目的过程中开始播 放广告后, 观众可以随即按下遥控器上的广告结束提示键 10, 由遥控器中的信号发射 器 9向电视机中的接受器 8发出检测广告结束的命令。 接受器 8接收到信号发射器 8 发射的命令后, 向控制器 5提供启动信号。 此后, 控制器 5控制视频镜头切变检测和 计算装置 6按照视频图像突变检测算法检测视频帧缓存器 4中存储的广告开始时的一 个切变视频图像, 将切变图像的前一帧选做电视节目的关键提示帧。 作为例子, 视频 图像切变检测算法是基于播放的图像的连续帧之间的相关性进行的。 由于节目图像与 广告图像之间存在.较大的差异, 而广告图像之间存在较大的相关性。 因此, 视频镜头 切变检测和计算装置 6在接收到来自控制器 5的控制信号后, 从存储的最后一帧视频 图像逐帧计算与前一帧图像的相关性。 当与存储的前面的某帧图像之间的相关性小于 预先设定的阈值时, 则确定前面的这一帧图像是切变前的最后帧, 即广告开始播放前 的电视节目的最后一帧(下文称之为关键提示帧), 并将该电视节目的最后一帧存储在 视频帧缓存器 4中设置的专用存储区中, 以供后面的比较使用。 作为替换, 也可以将 关键提示帧存储在存储器(未示出) 中。 作为例子, 可将播放的电视节目的视频图象 帧称为第一组视频帧, 播放的广告的视频图象帧称为第二组视频帧。
在广告播放过程中,视频帧缓存器 4仍然存储当前播放的 5至 10秒的图像数据, 并且视频镜头切变检测和计算装置 6将最新接收的图像帧与存储的关键提示帧比较。 通常, 广告前后的电视节目的图像的相关性较强, 当最新接收的图像帧与关键提示帧 比较的相关性超过设定阈值时, 则认为广告图象已切变到节目图象, 即, 节目已经开 始。 此时, 由视频镜头切变检测和计算装置 6向提示广告结束装置 7输出控制信号。 提示广告结束装置 7产生提示广告结束的信号在显示器 3上显示, 或发出声音以提示 观众.。
在图象处理领域, 帧间相关性分析已经有很多种方法, 最常用的有模板匹配, 是 对两幅图象相同的位置的象素灰度值或颜色值进行比较, 并计算各灰度差或颜色差的 总和。
例如, 当图像的大小为 X*Y时候, 帧间差别计算的公式为:
• x<X ,y<Y · d{It = \ IiC x,y) - IJ(x,y) \ … (1)
x=0,y=o
其中/ 分别代表两帧图象, x, y分别代表图象的横,纵坐标, If x,y)代表在点 (x,y) 000384 的图象灰度值。
考虑到节目的连续性主要在于场景的不变, 为了避免干扰和物体运动等的干扰, 优选采用直方图匹配会有更好的效果。
对于灰度图 (非彩色), 帧间差别计算的公式为:
Figure imgf000009_0001
其中 H代表颜色直方图表示。
即为图像 的直方图, 其中 分为 n个(n是自然数)灰度级, 第 k个灰度级 的像素数总和为 H,. )。
对于彩色图像, 可以分别作不同色彩通道的直方图, 最后将结果相加。 例如, 对 于 RGB表示的图像, 可以分三个通道 R (红色) G (绿色) B (兰色)分别做出其直方图, 最 后将结果相加, 如下面公式 (3 ) 表示- d(Ii,IJ) =∑\ Hi\k) -H (k) \ +†j\ H° ) -Hf (k) \ +†j\ H i ) -H^k) \
k=l k-1 1
... (3)。 考虑到电视节目的形式的多样性, 有时候节目的相关性不强, 以上计算图像之间 相关性的方法可能失去作用。 作为替换可以采用了下面描述的检测广告的辅助方法, 即, 利用广告内容本身的特点进行检测。广告与普通节目的有明显的区别 , 电视广告 长度通常比较短暂而要清晰、 明确地传达商品特点, 它要求用尽可能少的画面, 充分 传达信息。 所以广告镜头变化频率较快, 画面丰富, 颜色对比较强烈。
图 3a示出了广告的视频图像的变化频率, 图 3b示出了普通电视节目的视频图像 的变化频率。 图中出现尖峰的位置表明图像在此处出现明显变化。 从图中可以看出, 在一段 8秒钟左右的广告中可以检测到 5个以上的切变, 镜头时间长度没有超过两秒 的, 而一段普通的电视节目中 (如图 3b所示) 5秒甚至更长时间的镜头并不少见, 可. 见广告镜头变化频率通常明显要比普通节目快, 在优选实施例中采用了长镜头检测, 即如果镜头切变的时间间隔不低于某个阈值,那么认为广告节目已经结束。作为实例, 可以设置该阈值为 5秒左右, 或根据具体情况调整。
镜头切变检测的基本原理是寻找较好的帧间差别比较方法来检测出尖峰,超过设 定的差值处即为镜头切换点。 与帧间相关性的分析相同, 优选颜色直方图匹配来做帧 间差别分析。 具体计算方法与上面描述的相同, 在此省略对其的描述。
下面参考图 2说明自动检测电视广告的方法的操作流程。如图 2所示, 首先在步 骤 S201接通电视机的电源, 并将大约 5至 10秒的视频帧存储在缓冲器 4中。 在观看 电视节目的过程中, 当出现广告时,观众可按下遥控器的提示键 10向电视机侧的接受 器 8发射广告提示结束命令。 在步骤 S202, 接受器 8检测是否接收到从遥控器侧的信 号发射器 9发射的提示广告结束的命令。如果步骤 S202的判断结果为否定,则继续检 测是否接收到提示广告结束的命令。 如果在步骤 S202判断接收到提示广告结束的命 令, 在步骤 S203向控制器 5提供启动信号以启动控制器 5。控制器 5控制视频镜头切 变检测和计算装置 6检测视频图象帧的突变, 并在缓冲器 4中存储视频帧发生突变的 前一帧作为提示关键帧。在步骤 S204'判断缓冲器中存储的新接收的视频帧是否与提示 关键帧匹配 (相关)。 如果新接收的视频图象帧与提示关键帧匹配 (相关), 或镜头切 变的时间间隔大于等于预定阈值, 流程则转到步骤 S207, 控制提示信号产生装置 7产 生广告结束提示信号, 并以适当的方式, 例如发声, 或显示提示字幕来提示观众广告 播放已经结束。如果在步骤 S204判断新接收的图象与存储的提示关键帧不匹配(不相 关), 而且镜头切变的时间间隔小于预定阈值, 流程则进行到步骤 S205, 判断广告播 放仍未结束,并返回步骤 S204继续进行相关性检测,直到接收的检测到接收的图象帧 与存储的提示关键帧相匹配, 或相关。 检测图象匹配或相关, 或广告图象切变到电视 节目图象的方法可采用前面描述本发明的装置时使用的算法, 在此不再重复。
图 4根据本发明另一个实施例的自动检测电视广告的装置的配置方框图。 其中所 采用的装置与图 1所示实施例中的装置相同, 并且在此对与图 1中相同的装置釆用相 同的参考标号。 本实施例与图 1所示实施例的区别在于: 在电视机侧, 接受器 8与视 频镜头切变检测和计算装置 6直接连接, 接收到提示广告结束的命令时启动视频镜头 切变检测和计算装置 6执行图象相关性检测。 控制器 5连接在视频镜头切变检测和计 算装置 6与提示广告结束装置 7之间。 当视频镜头切变检测和计算装置 6检测到与提 示关键帧相关或匹配的图象帧时, 向控制器 5提供启动信号, 由控制器 5控制提示广 告结束装置 7产生广告结束提示信号。 在本实施例子中,视频镜头切变检测和计算装 置 6无论是否提示键发射信号与否,始终检测镜头的切变,这样只需要存储当前处理的 相邻两帧的图象和保留下来的镜头切变前的图象帧, 可以大大减少所需要的存储量。 工业实用性
本发明的自动检测电视广告装置和方法可自动检测广告播放的结束,让观众不必 再在电视广告前做无谓的等待, 并可在做其他事情或者观看其他频道节目的时候不必 担心错过了以前看的节目。
虽然已利用特定实施例描述了本发明, 这种描述只作为说明的目的, 应该理解, 在不脱离下面权利要求的精神或范围的情况下可对本发明进行改变和变化。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种自动检测电视广告的装置, 包括- 视频帧缓存器,用于存储电视机接收的第一组视频帧和镜头切变频率与所述第一 组视频帧明显不同的第二组视频帧;
视频镜头切变检测和计算装置,用于读取所述视频帧缓存器中存储的所述第一组 和所述第二组视频帧, 并计算所述第一组视频帧向所述第二组视频帧切变前的所述第 一组视频帧的最后一帧作为提示关键帧, 以及计算新接收的视频帧与所述提示关键帧 之间的相关性;
提示信号产生装置,用于在所述视频镜头切变检测和计算装置检测到所述新接收 , 的视频帧与所述提示关键帧之间的相关性大于或等于预定的阈值时, 产生提示信号; 和
控制装置, 用于控制所述视频镜头切变检测和计算装置执行读取, 计算的操作。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的自动检测电视广告的装置,其特征在于所述视频帧缓存 器中设置有用于存储所述提示关键帧的专用存储区。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的自动检测电视广告的装置,其特征在于与所述视频帧缓 存器分开设置用于存储所述提示关键帧的存储器。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的自动检测电视广告的装置,其特征在于所述视频镜头切 变检测和计算装置根据所述第一组和所述第二组视频帧之间的镜头切变间隔来检测所 述第二组视频帧向所述第一组视频帧的切变, 并在所述镜头切变间隔小于预定阈值时 确定所述第二组视频帧切变到所述第一组视频帧, 并向提示信号产生装置提供信号。
5.根据权利要求 1所述的自动检测电视广告的装置,其特征在于所述视频镜头切 变检测和计算装置根据视频帧之间的直方图来计算新接收的视频帧与所述提示关键帧 之间的相关性。 · '
6. 一种自动检测电视广告的装置, 包括:
视频帧缓存器,用于存储电视机接收的第一组视频帧和镜头切变速度与所述第一 组视频帧明显不同的第二组视频帧;
视频镜头切变检测和计算装置,用于读取所述视频帧缓存器中存储的所述第一组 和所述第二组视频帧, 并计算所述第一组视频帧向所述第二组视频帧切变前的所述第 一组视频帧的最后一帧作为提示关键帧, 以及计算新接收的视频帧与所述提示关键帧 之间的相关性;
提示信号产生装置,用于在所述视频镜头切变检测和计算装置检测到所述新接收 的视频帧与所述提示关键帧之间的相关性大于或等于预定的阈值时, 产生提示信号; 和
控制装置,用于根据所述视频镜头切变检测和计算装置检测到所述第二组视频帧 向所述第一组视频帧的切变而控制所述提示信号产生装置产生提示信号。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的自动检测电视广告的装置,其特征在于所述视频帧缓存 器中设置有用于存储所述提示关键帧的专用存储区。
8. 根据权利要求 6所述的自动检测电视广告的装置,其特征在于可与所述视频帧 缓存器分开设置用于存储所述提示关键帧的存储器。
9. 根据权利要求 6所述的自动检测电视广告的装置,其特征在于所述视频镜头切 变检测和计算装置根据所述第一组和所述第二组视频帧之间的镜头切变间隔来检测所 述第二组视频帧向所述第一组视频帧的切变, 并在所述镜头切变间隔小于预定阈值时 确定所述第二组视频帧切变到所述第一组视频帧, 并向提示信号产生装置提供信号。
10. 根据权利要求 6所述的自动检测电视广告的装置, 其特征在于所述视频镜头 切变检测和计算装置根据视频帧之间的直方图来计算新接收的视频帧与所述提示关键 帧之间的相关性。
11. 一种自动检测电视广告的方法, 包括步骤:
存储电视机接收的第一组视频帧和镜头切变频率与所述第一组视频帧明显不同 的第二组视频帧;
在接收到提示广告结束的命令时, 读取存储的所述第一组和所述第二组视频帧, 并检测所述第二组视频帧何时切变到与所述第一组视频帧相关的见频帧;
在检测到所述新接收的视频帧与所述最后一帧之间的相关性大于或等于预定的 阈值时, 产生提示信号。 ·
12.根据权利要求 11所述的自动检测电视广告的方法,其特征在于所述计算所述 第二组视频帧何时切变到与所述第一组视频帧相关的视频帧的步骤包括计算所述第一 组视频帧向所述第二组视频帧切变前的所述第一组视频帧的最后一帧作为提示关键 帧, 以及计算新接收的视频帧与所述提示关键帧之间的相关性。
13.根据权利要求 11所述的自动检测电视广告的方法,其特征在于所述计算所述 第二组视频帧何时切变到与所述第一组视频帧相关的视频帧的步骤包括根据所述第一 组和所述第二组视频帧之间的镜头切变间隔来检测所述第二组视频帧向所述第一组视 频帧的切变, 并在所述镜头切变间隔小于预定阈值时确定所述第二组视频帧切变到所 述第一组视频帧。
14. 根据权利要求 11所述的自动检测电视广告的方法, 其特征在于所述计算所述第二 组视频帧何时切变到与所述第一组视频帧相关的视频帧的步骤包括根据视频帧之间的 直方图来计算新接收的视频帧与所述提示关键帧之间的相关性。
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