WO2004079441A1 - 表示装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2004079441A1 WO2004079441A1 PCT/JP2004/002619 JP2004002619W WO2004079441A1 WO 2004079441 A1 WO2004079441 A1 WO 2004079441A1 JP 2004002619 W JP2004002619 W JP 2004002619W WO 2004079441 A1 WO2004079441 A1 WO 2004079441A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/16756—Insulating layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1685—Operation of cells; Circuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
- G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
Definitions
- an electrophoretic display device has been proposed in which electrophoretic particles move between electrodes in a liquid phase filled between a pair of opposing substrates to display an image (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-1-2). See Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 0284804.). Since such an electrophoretic display device performs display using fine particles, it is possible to have a thin and flexible structure.
- the response speed of particles in an electrophoretic display device is about 100 msec, whereas the response speed of particles in a display device in which particles move in a gas phase is 1 msec or less.
- FIG. 1A shows the configuration of a conventional display device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. It is a schematic diagram which shows the display operation at the time of a display.
- FIG. 1B is also a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a conventional display device and the display operation when displaying white.
- the image display medium is A first substrate 20 disposed on the side and transmitting light; and a second substrate 21 disposed opposite to the first substrate 20.
- electrodes 22 and 23 and charge transport layers 24 and 25 are respectively arranged in order.
- the space between the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 21 is filled with black particles 26 positively charged and white particles 27 negatively charged.
- a voltage corresponding to an image is applied between the electrodes 22 and 23.
- the applied voltage has the opposite polarity between the black display and the white display.
- a voltage is applied between the electrodes 22 and 23 from the power supply, whereby the electrode 22 becomes a negative electrode and the electrode 23 becomes a positive electrode.
- the yellow particles 26 and the white particles 27 existing between the substrates 20 and 21 move by Coulomb force, respectively.
- the positively charged black particles 26 move to the negative electrode 22, while the negatively charged white particles 27 move to the positive electrode 23.
- the observer can view the display device from the first substrate 20 side.
- black display is observed.
- FIG. 1B a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the above-described black display is applied to the electrodes 22 and 23 from the power supply.
- the electrode 22 becomes a positive electrode and the electrode 23 becomes a negative electrode. Therefore, in this case, the positively charged black particles 26 move to the electrode 23 side, while the negatively charged white particles 27 move to the electrode 22 side.
- the black particles 26 are collected on the second substrate 21 side.
- white display is observed. According to the above principle, a desired image can be displayed.
- a voltage of about 50 V is applied between the electrode 22 and the electrode 23 in order for the two kinds of colored particles 26 and 27 to start moving. It is necessary to apply a voltage of about 200 V to about 300 V in order to move most of the colored particles 26 and 27 to display white or black.
- a driving voltage of 100 V or less is sufficient for displaying white or black.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a display device capable of reducing a driving voltage by smoothly moving particles.
- the display device includes a pair of opposed substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a plurality of charged particles, which are provided between the pair of substrates; and a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix.
- a first electrode and a second electrode for driving the charged particles, and a voltage applying unit for applying a voltage according to an image signal to the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a concave-convex layer having a plurality of irregularities is formed on at least one surface of the second electrode, and the first electrode and the first electrode are formed in accordance with a voltage applied by the voltage applying unit.
- An image corresponding to the image signal is displayed by moving the charged particles between the second electrode and the second electrode.
- a pitch of the plurality of irregularities is smaller than an average particle diameter of the charged particles.
- the plurality of irregularities have a substantially uniform shape.
- the plurality of recesses are formed of a coating agent in which fine particles are dispersed.
- a particle size of the fine particles is smaller than an average particle size of the charged particles.
- the fine particles are titanium oxide fine particles having an analog crystal structure using water as a medium.
- the fine particles be an inorganic substance using a solution obtained by melting an insulating resin powder with a solvent as a medium.
- the insulating resin powder is a polycarbonate.
- the charged particles serve as a core material.
- a plurality of child particles fixed to the base particles so as to cover substantially the entire surface of the base particles.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles is larger than the average particle diameter of the child particles and smaller than the average particle diameter of the base particles.
- the display device is provided with a pair of opposing substrates at least one of which is transparent, a plurality of charged particles existing between the pair of substrates, and a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix.
- a first electrode and a second electrode that drive the charged particles, and a voltage application unit that applies a voltage according to an image signal to the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a surface treatment layer having substantially the same charging characteristics as the charged particles is formed on at least one surface of the second electrode, and the surface treatment layer is formed in accordance with a voltage applied by the voltage application unit.
- An image corresponding to the image signal is displayed by moving the charged particles between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the surface treatment layer is formed of a coating agent in which conductive fine particles are dispersed.
- the display device includes a pair of opposed substrates at least one of which is transparent; a plurality of charged particles existing between the pair of substrates; and a pixel arranged in a matrix.
- a first electrode and a second electrode for driving the charged particles, and a voltage applying unit for applying a voltage according to an image signal to the first electrode and the second electrode.
- one of the second electrodes is configured to be more easily charged negatively than the charged particles, and the other is configured to be more easily charged positively than the particles, and is applied by the voltage application unit.
- the charged particles move between the first electrode and the second electrode in accordance with a voltage, so that the image signal is transferred. It is configured to display an image corresponding to the number.
- the adsorption force between the charged particles and the electrode surface can be suppressed, so that the charged particles can be moved from the electrode surface at a relatively low voltage.
- the plurality of charged particles include two types of charged particles having different polarities to be charged, and one of the first electrode and the second electrode is any one of the two types of charged particles. It is preferable that one of the charged particles is configured to be more easily charged negatively than the other, and that the other is configured to be more easily charged positively than the charged particles of the one type.
- a difference between charged columns of the first electrode and the second electrode is smaller than a difference between charged columns of the two types of charged particles.
- the difference between the charging trains of a pair of electrodes is larger than the difference between the charging trains of the charged particles, one of the electrodes will be more positive than any of the two types of charged particles.
- the charging becomes negative on the negative side. Therefore, when the charged particles are charged positively and negatively, the charge distribution is greatly disturbed, and as a result, good display cannot be obtained.
- the difference between the charged rows of the pair of electrodes is made smaller than the difference between the charged rows of the two types of charged particles. This makes it possible to maintain a good display without disturbing the charge distribution of the charged particles.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are formed on one of the substrates.
- the plurality of charged particles are contained in a gas phase between the pair of substrates.
- the display device is provided with a pair of opposing substrates at least one of which is transparent, a plurality of charged particles existing between the pair of substrates, and a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix.
- a first electrode and a second electrode that drive the charged particles, and a voltage corresponding to an image signal is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a voltage applying unit for applying the voltage to the second electrode, a coat layer containing a charge control agent is formed on at least one surface of the first electrode and the second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode
- the charged train on the surface of the second electrode is different, and the charged particles move between the first electrode and the second electrode according to the voltage applied by the voltage applying unit, so that the image signal is generated. It is configured to display a corresponding image.
- a coat layer containing a positive charge control agent is formed on one surface of the first electrode and the second electrode, and a coat layer containing a negative charge control agent is formed on the other surface. It is preferable that a layer is formed.
- the display device there are provided two types of substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and a pair of substrates opposed to each other and which has a different polarity to be charged.
- a voltage application unit wherein the charged sequence on the surface of the spacer is between the charged sequences of the two types of charged particles, and the first electrode according to the voltage applied by the voltage application unit. The charged particles move between the first electrode and the second electrode to display an image corresponding to the image signal.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a conventional display device and a display operation at the time of black display.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a conventional display device and a display operation at the time of white display.
- FIG. 2A is a transparent plan view showing a main configuration of a display unit included in the display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention when white display is performed.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a transparent plan view showing a main configuration of a display unit included in the display device according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention when black display is performed.
- FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an example of a configuration near the surface of a TFT array substrate included in the display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the configuration near the surface of the TFT array substrate included in the display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the configuration near the surface of the TFT array substrate included in the display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the van der Polska and the pitch of the unevenness of the surface treatment layer in the display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a configuration of a display device according to 2.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing a relationship between a reflection density and an applied voltage in a display unit of a display device.
- FIG. 12 is a graph for explaining a method of driving the display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the reflection density and the applied voltage in the display section of the display device.
- FIG. 14 schematically shows a configuration of a display device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a transparent plan view showing a main configuration of a display unit included in the display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention when white display is performed
- FIG. 2B FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 4A is a transparent plan view showing a main configuration of a display unit provided in the display device according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention when black display is performed.
- the figure is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4A.
- the X direction and the Y direction in the drawing are the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the display unit, respectively, and the Z direction is the upward direction of the display unit.
- the display device 100 has a display unit made up of an image display medium 34.
- the image display medium 34 includes an active matrix substrate (hereinafter, referred to as a TFT array substrate) 102 which is a substrate arranged on the lower side, and the TFT array.
- a TFT array substrate an active matrix substrate
- An opposing substrate 101 disposed on the upper side so as to oppose the substrate 2; and an air layer 10 formed between the TFT array substrate 102 and the opposing substrate 101.
- the charged black particles 11 and the positively charged white particles 12 are enclosed.
- the TFT array substrate 102 and the opposing substrate 101 are formed of a transparent resin film of about 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. Note that in order to realize a bendable display device such as so-called electronic paper, the thickness of the TFT array substrate 102 and the counter substrate 101 is about 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. Is preferred.
- the black particles 11 are spherical particles synthesized from acrylic particles, black carbon, and the like, and have a particle size of about 1 to 10 m.
- the white particles 12 are spherical particles synthesized from acrylic particles, TiO 2 and the like, and have a particle size of about 1 to 10 m. In order to prevent the particles from agglomerating, it is preferable that the black particles 11 and the white particles 12 have a uniform particle size.
- the black particles 11 and the white particles 12 have low specific gravity and excellent fluidity.
- 30 nm-diameter true spherical silica fine particles are immobilized on the entire surface layer of 5 m-diameter spherical acryl particles by a method such as mechanochemical.
- the silica fine particles that had been subjected to a charging treatment were used, and the particles as a whole had charging properties.
- the acrylic particles are more preferably hollow or porous.
- the TFT array substrate 102 is provided with a plurality of scanning signal lines 5 and video signal lines 6 which are orthogonal to each other in plan view.
- the area defined by the signal line 6 constitutes one pixel 35.
- the image display medium 34 is formed by forming a plurality of such pixels 35 in a matrix.
- the TFT array substrate 102 is provided with a well-known thin-film transistor (TFT) as a switching element for each pixel 35.
- TFT thin-film transistor
- a first electrode 4 provided on the TFT array substrate 102 side is connected to the drain region of the TFT.
- the display device of the present embodiment is an active drive type in which a TFT is formed for each pixel 35.
- a software for driving the video signal line 6 is provided.
- Source driver 33 is provided, and a gate driver 32 for driving the scanning signal line 5 is provided.
- a control unit 31 for controlling the source driver 33 and the gate driver 32 in accordance with an image signal input from the outside is provided.
- the TFT includes a gate electrode formed on the TFT array substrate 102, a gate insulating film formed on the gate electrode, a gate insulating film, and a source electrode formed on the TFT array substrate 102. And a drain electrode, and an organic semiconductor layer for forming a channel region. Since the TFT is formed by printing or the like using an organic material, the flexibility of the TFT array substrate 2 is not impaired.
- the scanning signal line 5 is connected to the gate electrode of the TFT, and the video signal line 6 is connected to the source electrode of the TFT.
- the opposing substrate 101 has a rectangular first electrode 3 on the lower surface of the support 1 for each pixel. It is formed and configured.
- the first electrode 3 is a transparent conductor made of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or the like.
- a surface treatment layer 9 for covering the first electrode 3 to suppress the adsorbing force acting between the first electrode 3 and the particles and to prevent the first electrode 3 from adsorbing to the particles is formed. It is formed.
- the TFT array substrate 102 has a scanning signal line 5 and an insulating layer 6 stacked on the upper surface of the support 2, and a second electrode 4, a video signal line 7, and a TFT 8 stacked thereon. It is configured. Then, the second electrode 4, the video signal line 7, and the TFT 8 are covered so as to suppress the attraction force acting between the second electrode 4 and the particles, whereby the second electrode 4 and the particles are separated. A surface treatment layer 9 for preventing adsorption is formed.
- Gap G of air layer 10 maintained by the spacer described above Is about 25 m.
- the filling ratio of the black particles 11 and the white particles 12 is about 10% to 30% in terms of volume with respect to the air layer 10.
- the control unit 31 sends control signals to the gate driver 32 and the source driver 33 according to an image signal externally input to the signal input unit 30. Is output.
- the gate driver 32 outputs a gate signal to the scanning signal line 5 to turn on the switching element (TFT) of each pixel 35 sequentially, while the source driver 33 adjusts the timing to that.
- a video signal is sequentially input to each pixel 35 through the video signal line 6.
- the black particles 11 and the white particles 12 move in the air layer 10 between the TFT array substrate 2 and the counter substrate 1.
- an image corresponding to the image signal appears in the eyes of a person who observes the display device 100.
- the white display in the pixel 35 is realized as follows. According to the control signal output from the control unit 31, an image is provided between the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4 so that the first electrode 3 becomes a negative electrode and the second electrode 4 becomes a positive electrode. Voltage is applied. As described above, since the white particles 12 are positively charged, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the white particles 1 2 are attracted to the first electrode 3 and move to the first electrode 3. It adheres to the surface treatment layer 9 near 3. Here, since the first electrode 3 is composed of the transparent conductor as described above, white particles 12 are observed from the observer, and a white display is realized. Black display is realized as follows.
- a voltage corresponding to an image is applied between the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4 so that the first electrode 3 becomes a positive electrode and the second electrode 4 becomes a negative electrode.
- the black particles 1 1 are negatively charged Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the black particles 11 are attracted to the first electrode 3, move and adhere to the surface treatment layer 9 near the first electrode 3. As a result, the observer observes the black particles 11 and realizes black display.
- the voltage characteristics described below are the threshold voltage Vc at which particles start to separate from the electrode, the saturation voltage Vs at which all particles completely separate, and the voltage difference from the threshold voltage Vc to the saturation voltage Vs. That is.
- This voltage characteristic depends on the balance of the Coulomb force, the gravitational force, the image force, the van der Waals force, and the adhesion between the particle and the electrode when a voltage is applied between the electrodes.
- the threshold voltage Vc is dominant in the image power
- the saturation voltage Vs is dominant in the van der Waals force.
- a conductive substance having a low electric resistance or an insulating substance having a high electric resistance in addition to T i 0 2 , the charging characteristics between the particles and the electrode surface are improved, and the threshold voltage V c can be reduced. .
- the van der Waals force can be reduced and the saturation voltage V s can be reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an example of a configuration near the surface of the TFT array substrate 102 included in the display device 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the surface treatment layer 9 has a structure in which minute irregularities are formed.
- the surface treatment layer 9, the black particles 1 1, is formed by using a T i 0 2 fine particles having an anatase crystal structure of the small particle size 3 0 nm than the white particles 1 2.
- the reason why the particle size of T i ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 fine particles is set to 30 nm is that when the roughness of the surface treatment layer 9 is larger than the particle size of the black particles 11 and the white particles 12, for example, 5 m, , will adhere these colored particles themselves along the uneven, so there is no effect of Ru reduce Fanderuwa one Ruska, T i 0 2 the particle size of the fine particles is black particle child 1 1 for forming irregularities, white particles 1 This is because the particle size is desirably smaller than the particle size of 2.
- the distance between the protrusions formed by the Ti 0 2 fine particles constituting the surface treatment layer 9, that is, the pitch P of the unevenness of the surface treatment layer 9, is the charged particle for display.
- the surface treatment layer 9 formed on the counter substrate 101 has the same configuration as described above.
- Surface treatment layer 9 consisting of the T i 0 2 fine particles and the medium of water, after coating a slurry prepared by dispersing the T i 0 2 fine particles, by drying, at a high film hardness degree, and a layer of high permeability Obtainable.
- Surface treatment layer 9 obtained by this process is, T i 0 2 a uniform layer of 1 0 about 0 nm thickness assortment one particles are stacked aggregation is relatively small particle size distribution of the fine particles, the surface treatment layer The nine irregularities have a substantially uniform shape. Therefore, since the conditions such as the electrical resistance, chargeability, and shape of the substrate side are almost uniform, the colored particles attached to the electrodes have substantially the same voltage characteristics, and good voltage characteristics as a whole can be obtained. Can be.
- T i 0 2 particles in order to form irregularities of the surface treated layer 9 is used T i 0 2 particles, not limited to this, for example, S i O 2 (silica), Z n O ( Fine particles such as zinc oxide) may be used. Even when these are used, a highly transparent uneven layer can be formed on the electrode surface. More specifically, fine particles of SiO 2 (or fine particles of Zn) having an average particle size of about 15 nm to 30 nm are dispersed in a solvent such as isopropyl alcohol to form a slurry. Then, the slurry is applied to a substrate in the same manner as in the present embodiment, and then dried to form a concavo-convex layer having high film hardness and high transmittance.
- a solvent such as isopropyl alcohol
- the present inventors have conducted experiments and evaluations on the display particles and the material to which the particles are adhered in various combinations.
- acrylic resin (PMMA) was used as the constituent material of the particles.
- T i 0 2 in the surface treatment layer 9 is good, voltage characteristics were remarkably improved.
- the saturation voltage required to display from black to white was 150 V in the configuration in which the surface treatment layer 9 was not formed, in the configuration in the present embodiment, the saturation voltage was 150 V. V.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the Van der Waals force and the pitch of the unevenness of the surface treatment layer 9 in the display device 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is rough.
- This graph shows that when black particles 11 are composed of base particles 11 a having a diameter of 5 m and child particles 11 b having a diameter of 16 nm, black particles 11 and surface treatment layer 9
- the pitch of the unevenness of the surface treatment layer 9 is preferably about 5 nm to 50 nm, and more preferably about 7 nm.
- an acrylic resin PMMA
- a poly-carbonate was used for the surface treatment layer 9.
- PMMA acrylic resin
- a poly-carbonate was used for the surface treatment layer 9.
- T io 2 fine particles T io 2 fine particles
- Poneto powder which is an insulating resin powder cyclic ether solvent THF.
- the voltage characteristics can be improved by such a combination because poly-poly-ponate is an insulating material having charging characteristics relatively similar to acrylic.
- a transparent resin layer such as PMMA is formed on a substrate, and then pressed by a mold having an irregular structure.
- a transparent resin layer such as PMMA
- a photosensitive resin is applied on the substrate, a predetermined pattern is formed by exposure, and the pattern is subjected to a heat treatment at about 100 ° C. to form a concave and convex having a predetermined spherical shape. May be formed.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating another example of the configuration near the surface of the TFT array substrate 102 included in the display device 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Surface treatment layer 9 is composed of a T i 0 2 particle layer 9 a for forming unevenness, and the insulating layer 9 b made of polycarbonate exposed on the outermost surface.
- T i 0 2 particles are not necessarily the crystal structure of anatase, if the organic matter and medium may be of a rutile Ya Amorufasu. In such a configuration, better voltage characteristics could be obtained, and the saturation voltage could be reduced to 60 V.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the configuration near the surface of the TFT array substrate 102 included in the display device 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the surface treatment layer 9 is configured similarly to the case shown in FIG.
- the configuration may be the same as that shown in FIG.
- the black particles 11 are composed of base particles 11a and child particles 11b.
- the black particles 11 have low specific gravity and excellent fluidity.
- the particle size of the child particles 11 b instead of the particle size of the base particles 11 a is reduced. Fluidity depends.
- the van der Waals force acting between the black particles 11 or between the black particles 11 and the surface treatment layer 9 is reduced, so that the fluidity is improved and the voltage characteristics are further improved.
- the mother particles 11a are spherical acryl particles having a diameter of 5 xm
- the child particles 11b are spherical silica particles having a diameter of 16 nm which have been charged.
- the black particles 11 were assumed to have chargeability as a whole.
- Materials used for base particles 1 1a include styrene and melamine. Any other resin material may be used.
- silica was used for the secondary particles 11b is that it is possible to perform a charging treatment that can obtain a stable and large charge amount by using a silane coupling agent or the like. Since the base particle 11a is made of acryl, its true specific gravity is as small as 1.2 gZ cm3 and its softening point is low.
- the child particle 11b has a higher true specific gravity of 2.lg / cms than the mother particle 11a, but its mixing ratio is small, so that the effect on the whole particle is small.
- the softening point is higher when compared to the base particles 11a, it is easy to adhere to the base particles 11a by a method such as mechanochemical.
- the sub-particles 1 1b are immobilized so as to cover almost the entire surface of the base particles 11a by a high-speed air current impact method, which is a kind of mechanochemical.
- the mixing ratio for covering the entire surface of the mother particle 11a with the child particle 11b is 100: 3 to 100: weight ratio of the mother particle 11a: child particle 11b: The value is set to 5, which is slightly higher than the theoretical mixture ratio.
- the theoretical mixing ratio is a calculated value on the assumption that the entire surface of the mother particle 11a is covered with one layer of the child particle 11b.
- the reason why the mixing ratio was set higher than the theoretical value was that there was a limit in making the layer of the child particles 11 b uniform in the high-speed air impact method, and the surface of the base particles 11 a This is because it is difficult to cover the entire surface with one layer of the child particles 11b.
- the humidity resistance characteristics are dramatically higher than that of the acrylic polymer toner of the conventional structure without the coating of the child particles. Improved.
- the humidity rises from 50% to 90% at an atmosphere temperature of 45 degrees T : the charge amount of the polymerized toner having the conventional structure is reduced by 55% as compared with the initial state. In the case of composite particles, the reduction was only about 15%.
- the resin film used for the counter substrate 101 and the TFT array substrate 102 does not require a special moisture-proof treatment, and an inexpensive commercial product such as a PET film can be used.
- a method for producing such composite particles there is a method such as mechanochemical in which the parent particles are fixed after the production of the mother particles, or a method in which the composite particles are produced in a single process such as a suspension polymerization method.
- a film made of additives used in the manufacturing process, such as a surfactant is formed on the surface of the child particles of the prepared composite particles, the film is peeled off by a treatment such as a high-speed air current impact method. Otherwise, the fluidity of the composite particles will not be improved.
- the behavior of particles near the surface of TFT array substrate 102 has been described as an example, but it goes without saying that the same behavior can be obtained also near the surface of counter substrate 101. Also, it is needless to say that it is desirable that the white particles 12 have a composite structure similarly to the black particles 11.
- the configuration in the case where a vertical electric field acts has been described, but a configuration utilizing a horizontal electric field generated by providing both the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4 on the same substrate side. Can also be applied.
- display instead of using two types of charged particles as in the present embodiment, display can be performed using only one type of charged particles, and the voltage can be further reduced.
- the configuration using such a lateral electric field will be described in detail in a fifth embodiment described later.
- the active matrix drive has been described.
- the threshold voltage is about 20 V to 30 V and a small display device having a size of about 5 inches is used, a simple matrix drive is used. But it can be applied. In this case, it is possible to provide an inexpensive display device as compared with the active matrix drive type.
- the display device is configured such that a repulsive force acts between particles for display and an electrode to which the particles adhere by making the charged trains of the pair of electrodes different. It was done.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows a configuration of a display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 are arranged to face each other with a spacer 43 interposed therebetween.
- the air layer 44 formed between the second substrate 42 and the second substrate 42 is filled with a plurality of black particles 45 negatively charged and a plurality of white particles 46 positively charged.
- the particle group may be subjected to a charging treatment by stirring or the like in advance, or may be charged by applying an electric field as a charging treatment after being filled in the air layer 44, You may make it charge by friction and stirring.
- the display speed and contrast during image display vary depending on the rate at which the air layer 44 is filled with particles.
- the filling rate is preferably about 50 to 60% in terms of volume.
- the spacer 43 is made of an insulating material.
- a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) sheet is used as a material of the spacer 43.
- a cell is formed by disposing a PET sheet serving as a spacer 43 in a hole formed at an appropriate position in the image display unit.
- the material of the spacer 43 may be, for example, a resin material having a low melting point, which is heat-cured by pattern printing at regular intervals by screen printing, or a photosensitive resin which is spin-coated. It is also possible to use a material that has been subjected to a photo process through a mask, patterned, and then hardened. Alternatively, a rubber or plastic sheet can be used instead of a PET sheet.
- the black particles 45 and the white particles 46 are made of a thermoplastic resin such as styrene, methyl acrylate, and vinyl ethyl ether, or a thermosetting resin such as a melamine resin and a phenol resin.
- a thermoplastic resin such as styrene, methyl acrylate, and vinyl ethyl ether
- a thermosetting resin such as a melamine resin and a phenol resin.
- Rikichi pump rack, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, or azo dye is mixed into the resin.
- the black-and-white display is realized by using black particles and white particles.
- polyesters having a large amount of oxygen in the main chain show good negative chargeability.
- a charge control agent can be used.
- a nigric dye, a quaternary ammonium salt or the like is used, and in the case of negative charge application, an azo-based gold-containing dye, salicylic acid-containing dye, fluoride or the like is used.
- the fluidity of the particles may be improved by adding silica or alumina to the outside of the particles in advance, and the particles may be treated with an organic substance using a silane coupling agent.
- the above-mentioned first substrate 41 has a structure in which a first electrode 49 is formed on the upper surface of a support body 47.
- the second substrate 42 is configured such that a second electrode 50 and a coating layer 52 are laminated on the lower surface of the support body 48 in this order.
- an observer observes from the second substrate 42 side.
- the details of the coat layer 52 will be described later.
- the supports 47 and 48 are made of glass, acryl resin, polycarbonate resin or the like.
- the support 48 on the side to be observed is preferably made of a material that transmits light.
- first electrode 49 and the second electrode 50 are made of ITO, aluminum, gold, polythiophene, or the like.
- the second electrode 50 is preferably made of a light-transmitting material as in the case of the support 48. Good. ,
- the first electrode 49 and the second electrode 5 are arranged such that the first electrode 49 is negative and the second electrode 50 is positive.
- the negatively charged black particles 45 adhere to the second electrode 50 on the positive side.
- the second electrode on the negative side the second electrode on the negative side Positively charged white particles 46 adhere to the electrode 50.
- the present inventors have proposed a display device having a configuration in which the coat layer 52 is removed from the configuration of the display device of the present embodiment, that is, a display device having a configuration in which the coat layer is not formed on any of the pair of electrodes (hereinafter, the configuration ⁇ ).
- the display device of the present embodiment in which a polycarbonate coating layer 52 is formed on the surface of the second electrode 50 by spin coating hereinafter referred to as a display device of configuration B).
- a comparative experiment was performed using the above. In both display devices, the distance (cell gap) between the upper and lower substrates 41, 42 was 100 x m.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing a relationship between a reflection density and an applied voltage in a display unit of a display device.
- the relationship in the configuration A display device is indicated by A
- the relationship in the configuration B display device is indicated by B. Is shown.
- the saturation voltage (the applied voltage required to complete the separation of all particles) can be halved, and the reflection density of white is improved. be able to. This is presumably because the negative side of the charge train shifted from I T O to poly-carbonate and was attracted to the white particles 46 charged on the brass, so that the white particles 46 moved at low voltage.
- the negatively charged black particles 45 since both are on the negative side from the polycarbonate coating layer 52, they are easily repelled and easily separated, and the adhesion of the black particles 45 is secondarily made of ITO. It is considered that the black particles 45 moved at a low voltage because they became smaller with respect to the electrode 50 of FIG.
- the black display is changed to the white display.
- white is applied because the adsorption force acting between the coating layer 12 and the white particles 46 on the surface of the second electrode 50 is large.
- a voltage of 100 V or more had to be applied between the electrodes.
- the electrification line is hard to adhere to the polycarbonate coating layer 12 on the negative side, and the white particles 46 are hardly detached from the coating layer 12 in terms of conversion.
- the applied voltage was around 250 V, the reflection density of black was 1.3. For this reason, the contrast of the display device of the present embodiment was lower than that of the comparative example.
- FIG. 12 is a graph for explaining a method of driving the display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the vertical axis represents the voltage applied between the electrodes
- the horizontal axis represents time.
- a voltage of +300 V is applied for 0.5 ms between the electrodes so that the second electrode 50 becomes positive (see symbol E).
- a reset operation such an operation is referred to as a reset operation.
- a pulse waveform of 0.5 ms is applied as a drive voltage between the electrodes so that the second electrode 50 becomes negative, as indicated by reference numerals F and G in FIG. 12 ; Accordingly, the white particles 46 move to the second substrate 42 side.
- the white particles 46 are easily attracted to the polycarbonate coating layer 12, the reflection from the black display to the white display can be achieved by changing the applied voltage in the range of 150 V to about 100 V. The concentration can be changed.
- the black particles 45 and the white particles 4 are always moved on the surface of the coat layer 52, so that the adsorption of each particle to the surface of the coat layer 52 is prevented.
- the reproducibility is improved, and a high-contrast display can be realized at a low voltage.
- the pulse width, reset voltage, drive waveform, and the like in this driving method are not limited to those described above, and can be selected as the optimum one for each cell.
- the coat layer is formed only on the second substrate 42 side, but may be formed on the first substrate 41 side in the same manner.
- a coating layer made of polycarbonate is also provided on the surface of the first electrode 49, such a coating layer is formed on both electrodes.
- the particles for display are more easily moved, and the driving voltage can be reduced.
- the coat layer is formed only on the first substrate 41 side, the particles for display are easily moved in the same manner as described above, and the driving voltage can be reduced. Needless to say.
- a configuration in which the charged rows on the pair of electrode surfaces are different is realized.
- a coating layer is provided on both of the pair of electrode surfaces, and one of them uses a positive charge control agent and the other uses a negative charge control agent.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10, a coating layer 61 is provided on the surface of the first electrode 49 on the first substrate 41 side, and a second electrode 5 on the second substrate 42 side.
- the coat layer 62 is formed on the surface of 0.
- the other configuration of the display device according to the present embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment, and thus the same reference numerals are given and the description is omitted.
- the coat layer 62 is configured using a positive charge control agent. Specifically, a positive charge control agent mainly composed of styrene acryl resin and having an ammonium salt added thereto is dissolved and applied to the surface of the second electrode 50 with toluene, and then heated to evaporate the solvent. As a result, the coat layer 62 is formed.
- a positive charge control agent mainly composed of styrene acryl resin and having an ammonium salt added thereto is dissolved and applied to the surface of the second electrode 50 with toluene, and then heated to evaporate the solvent. As a result, the coat layer 62 is formed.
- the coating layer 61 is configured using a negative charge control agent. Specifically, it is formed in the same manner as in the case of the coat layer 62 using a styrene acrylic resin to which a carboxylic acid group is added as a negative charge control agent.
- the present inventors have proposed that the display device of the present embodiment configured as described above (hereinafter referred to as the display device of configuration C) and the coat layer are both formed using a negative charge control agent. Except for this, the display device has the same configuration as that of the configuration C (hereinafter referred to as the display device of the configuration D), and the display device having the configuration in which the coat layer is not provided on any substrate side (hereinafter, the display of the configuration E A comparative experiment was performed using the device.
- the distance (cell gap) between the upper and lower substrates 41 and 42 was set to 100 m.
- a voltage of -150 V is applied between the first electrode 49 and the second electrode 50 so that the second electrode 50 becomes positive, and the white particles 46 are turned into the second electrode. Attached to 50.
- the reflection density at this time was measured by a reflection densitometer and found to be 0.35.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the reflection density and the applied voltage in the display section of the display device.
- the relations in the display device of the configuration (:, configuration D, and configuration E are indicated by C, D, and E, respectively.
- the white electrode 46 and the coat layer 62 formed using the negative charge control agent have a positive voltage. Since the acting adsorbing force is larger than that of the display device of the configuration C, a voltage of +100 V or more is required to start replacing the white particles 46 with the black particles 45, and Saturated at about 0 V. In addition, due to insufficient replacement of particles, the reflection density of black when saturated is 1.4, which is higher than that of the configuration C display device. Bird fell.
- the attraction force acting between the white particles 46 and the surface of the second electrode 50 is Because it is larger than in the case of the display devices of the configurations C and D.
- a voltage of +150 V or more is required for the white particles 4 6 to start being replaced by the black particles 45, and is saturated at about +300 V. did.
- the replacement of particles was an impurity, the reflection density of black when saturated was about 1.2, and the contrast was lower than in the case of the display devices of configurations C and D.
- the saturation voltage can be halved, and the reflection density of black increases, thus improving contrast. be able to.
- the charge control agent is excellent in heat resistance and moisture resistance, and its charge characteristics hardly change even after long-term storage, so that it is possible to maintain stable characteristics.
- the display device of the present embodiment has a function of maintaining the display after voltage is applied. This is mainly due to the attraction between the particles for display and the electrode surface. Furthermore, in order to ensure the same display function as before storage after storage, it is necessary to maintain the charge amount of the particle group. Therefore, by applying a charge control agent to the electrode surface in contact with the particle group as in the present embodiment, a display device having excellent insulation effect and moisture resistance can be realized, and the charge amount of the particle group can be reduced. It can be maintained sufficiently.
- a coat layer is provided on only one electrode surface with a charge control agent, Even when a coating layer is not provided on the electrode surface, the charging force between the electrode and the electrode surface can be changed because the charging sequences on the electrode surfaces are different from each other.
- the first electrode 49 is not on the observation side, it is not necessary to be a transparent electrode. Therefore, an electrode on which aluminum is deposited can be used as the first electrode 49. Since aluminum has a charging line on the brush side, as in ITO, the second electrode 50 opposing is made of ITO and a negative charge control agent is used for the coating layer 62.
- the adhesive force between the coat layer 62 and the positively charged white particles 46 is increased, and it is possible to reduce the voltage when shifting from black display to white display.
- the negative electrode charge control agent is applied to the surface of the first electrode 49 made of aluminum to form the coat layer 61, the white particles 46 and the coat layer 61 are attached. Since the white particles 46 are easily peeled off from the second electrode 50 made of IT ⁇ , the transition from white display to black display can be realized with low voltage.
- a cell is manufactured by using a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) sheet as a spacer material and arranging the spacer using holes formed in an image display unit.
- a PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the inventors have confirmed that a phenomenon in which white particles adhere to the edges of the PET when the cell is manufactured is observed. This is thought to be due to the fact that the charge train of the PET is significantly negative and attracts the positively charged white particles.
- a spacer is formed by using a styrene resin instead of PET.
- a styrene resin instead of PET.
- the configuration of the display device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment, and a description thereof will not be repeated.
- description will be made with reference to FIG.
- the present embodiment by setting the charged line on the surface of the spacer 43 to be intermediate between the charged lines of the two types of particles 45 and 46 for display, these particles 45 and 46 are made to be small. It can be prevented from being attracted to the terminal 43 and becoming difficult to move.
- the portion of the spacer 43 is a place where the particles 45 and 46 are agglomerated, it is necessary to prevent the particles 45 and 46 from adhering to the spacer 43 as much as possible. However, this can be realized in the present embodiment.
- the material of the spacer 43 is, for example, a resin material having a low melting point, which is pattern-printed at regular intervals by screen printing and cured by heating, or a spin-coated photosensitive resin material. It is also possible to use a material that has been subjected to a photolithography process through a mask, patterned, and then cured. In addition, rubber or plastic sheets can be used Noh. In addition, if the height of the spacers 43 varies, the display unevenness occurs due to the variation. Therefore, it is desirable that the heights be uniform. When the charged row of the material of the spacer 43 is outside the charged row of the particles 45 and 46 like PET, a coat layer of styrene resin or the like may be formed on the surface. .
- the display device using two types of particles for display has been described, but an image can be displayed even with one type of particles.
- the display device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention is configured to move particles by using a horizontal electric field generated by providing both the first electrode and the second electrode on the same substrate side.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a display device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 are arranged to face each other via a spacer 43, and these first substrate 41 and the first substrate 41 are arranged opposite to each other.
- the air layer 44 formed between the second substrate 42 and the second substrate 42 is filled with a plurality of negatively charged black particles 45.
- the second substrate 42 is made of a transparent material.
- first substrate 41 On a top surface of the first substrate 41, a rectangular first electrode 49 and a second electrode 50 made of aluminum are formed at a predetermined distance from each other. Note that a coat layer similar to that of the second embodiment may be formed on the surfaces of the first electrode 49 and the second electrode 50. In the present embodiment, coat layer 52 is formed so as to cover the surface of second electrode 50.
- a shielding layer 53 wider than the first electrode 49 is formed at a position overlapping the first electrode 49 in plan view.
- the shielding layer 53 is made of a material that is black and does not transmit light. Have been. Therefore, when the observer observes the display device from the second substrate 42 side, the first electrode 49 is shielded by the shielding layer 53, so that the observer observes the first electrode 4 9 is not observed, and only the coat layer 52 covering the second electrode 50 is observed.
- white display can be realized by making the coat layer 52 white. When the coat layer 52 is not formed, white display may be realized by roughening the surface of the second electrode 10 made of aluminum.
- the first electrode 49 and the second electrode 5 are arranged such that the first electrode 49 is negative and the second electrode 50 is positive.
- the negatively charged black particles 45 adhere to the second electrode 50 on the positive side.
- a plurality of black particles 45 attached to the surface (coat layer 52) of the second electrode 50 are observed, and a black image display is obtained. Is achieved.
- a voltage is applied to the first electrode 49 and the second electrode 50 so that the first electrode 49 is positive and the second electrode 50 is negative.
- the negatively charged black particles 45 adhere to the first electrode 49.
- the surface (coat layer 52) of the second electrode 50 is observed, and a white image display is realized.
- a first electrode 49 and a second electrode 50 are prepared by evaporating aluminum, and the coating layer 5 is formed only on the surface of the second electrode 50 using, for example, acryl resin having a positive charge line.
- the attraction force between the black particles 45 and the surface of the second electrode 50 can be increased.
- the black particles 45 can be moved from the first electrode 49 to the second electrode 50 at a low voltage.
- a coat layer is formed on the first electrode 49 by using the polyelectrolyte, which is a negatively charged row. In this case, the adsorption force between the black particles 45 and the surface of the first electrode 49 can be reduced, so that the black particles 45 are similarly removed from the first electrode 49 at a low voltage.
- the second electrode 50 can be moved to the second electrode 50. Further, when the surface of the second substrate 42 is coated with polycarbonate, it is possible to prevent the black particles 45 from being attracted or adhered to the second substrate 42, and to achieve a uniform display. Can be performed. Further, in the same manner as in the fourth embodiment, the material of the surface of the spacer 43 is made of PET whose charged row is close to the charged row of the black particles 45, so that the black particles 45 3 can be prevented from adhering.
- the black particles 45 which are one type of display particles are used.
- a configuration in which white particles are used instead of the black particles 45 may be used.
- a configuration may be employed in which force display can be performed by using.
- the display device displays an image by enclosing display particles in an air layer formed between a pair of opposed substrates, and moving the particles in the air layer. Things.
- the display device of the present invention is not limited to a display in which particles move in such a gas phase. Therefore, a so-called electrophoretic display device in which particles are sealed in a liquid phase filled between a pair of opposing substrates and an image is displayed by the particles moving in the liquid phase may be used.
- the display particles having a composite structure including the base particles and the child particles may be used in the second to fifth embodiments. .
- the display device according to the present invention is useful as a thin and flexible display device.
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Abstract
Description
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Cited By (11)
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JP2006072283A (ja) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-03-16 | Bridgestone Corp | 表示媒体用粒子及びそれを用いた情報表示用パネル、情報表示装置 |
JP2006323158A (ja) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-30 | Bridgestone Corp | 表示媒体用粒子及びその製造方法 |
WO2008087794A1 (ja) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-24 | Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | 電気泳動表示媒体及び電気泳動表示装置 |
WO2008120510A1 (ja) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | 電気泳動表示媒体 |
JP2009251084A (ja) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-29 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 画像表示装置 |
JP2010217917A (ja) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-09-30 | Casio Computer Co Ltd | 表示装置 |
JP2010224389A (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-10-07 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 表示媒体、および表示装置 |
JP2010276782A (ja) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-09 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 画像表示装置 |
JP2011007844A (ja) * | 2009-06-23 | 2011-01-13 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 画像表示装置用表示粒子および画像表示装置 |
US8331015B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2012-12-11 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Display medium and display device |
US8477404B2 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2013-07-02 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Display medium and display device |
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JP2006072283A (ja) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-03-16 | Bridgestone Corp | 表示媒体用粒子及びそれを用いた情報表示用パネル、情報表示装置 |
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JP2010276782A (ja) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-09 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 画像表示装置 |
JP2011007844A (ja) * | 2009-06-23 | 2011-01-13 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 画像表示装置用表示粒子および画像表示装置 |
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US8331015B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2012-12-11 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Display medium and display device |
Also Published As
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JP4035550B2 (ja) | 2008-01-23 |
JPWO2004079441A1 (ja) | 2006-06-08 |
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