WO2004068118A1 - 固体材料の降伏点検出方法およびこれに用いる装置 - Google Patents
固体材料の降伏点検出方法およびこれに用いる装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004068118A1 WO2004068118A1 PCT/JP2004/000973 JP2004000973W WO2004068118A1 WO 2004068118 A1 WO2004068118 A1 WO 2004068118A1 JP 2004000973 W JP2004000973 W JP 2004000973W WO 2004068118 A1 WO2004068118 A1 WO 2004068118A1
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- Prior art keywords
- strain
- constant load
- load
- solid material
- yield point
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
- G01N2203/0208—Specific programs of loading, e.g. incremental loading or pre-loading
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting a yield point of a solid material and an apparatus used for the method.
- the present invention relates to a method for inspecting the yield of a solid material using a tensile test device that executes a new tensile test method and an apparatus used for the same, and particularly to a yield point in a conventional tensile test method using a universal tensile tester.
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting a yield point of a solid material capable of clearly detecting a yield point even if the material is a solid material such as a metal material or a resin material that could not be clearly detected, and an apparatus used therefor.
- the tensile test method for metal materials using a conventional universal tensile tester is performed in accordance with the well-known Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) JISZ 2241, which measures the tensile load applied to metal materials.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
- the stress and strain were obtained from the elongation, and for example, the stress-strain diagram shown in Figures 2, 7, and 12 (hereinafter referred to as the “bi- ⁇ diagram”) was used to detect the physical properties of the metal material. .
- yielding a phenomenon in which plastic deformation starts to occur from a certain load value. This is called yielding, and the stress at this time is called the "yield point".
- yield point a clear yield is observed in low- and medium-carbon steel, and at the same time as the start of plastic deformation, the stress decreases slightly, and the plastic deformation progresses with that stress.
- the stress at the starting point of plastic deformation is defined as the upper yield point
- the evolving stress is defined as the falling yield point.
- the yield point is a measure of the strength of the structure, and in the design of various machinery and equipment, the strength of components is designed so that the applied stress does not exceed the yield point.
- the strain value corresponding to the stress changes continuously, and there is no critical change point that appears as a discontinuity point, and a clear yield point appears. It was normal not to have one. For this reason, the current practice is to call the stress at which a certain percentage of permanent strain remains as “proof strength” and to treat this as equivalent to the yield point.
- the “offset method”, “permanent elongation method”, and “total elongation method” specified in ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and JIS are used. According to this, the stress when the permanent set of 0.2 / 0 remains is defined as the yield strength, but there is no rational basis for setting this 0.2%. Question the decision and take more safety margins 0 Some employ a residual strain of 1% as proof stress.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method of trying to find the yield point from calculation or drawing of the unclear yield point.
- data collection still uses the conventional tensile test method (constant speed tensile test method).
- a tensile load is applied continuously at a constant minute speed without stopping the metallic material to be detected, and each strain that changes at each predetermined load is measured.
- the yield point is detected by calculating the rate of sequential stress increase using a computer or the like.
- Patent Document 2 the yield point is detected from the ⁇ - ⁇ diagrammatically.
- Patent Document 1
- Patent Document 2
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a yield point of a solid material for detecting the yield point of the solid material and an apparatus used for the method.
- a method for detecting a yield point of a solid material according to the present invention and an apparatus used for the method are configured as follows.
- a constant load W (n + 1) to which a step load Ws is sequentially added is applied stepwise to the solid material to be detected until the strain ⁇ n is stabilized by the action of the constant load Wn.
- the time T s (n) required to stabilize the strains n under the action of each constant load W n sampled at each step shows an unstable behavior from a stable transition.
- a method for detecting the stress ⁇ n at the constant load W n as a yield point ⁇ y in the solid material and an apparatus used for the method are described.
- the data collection used here is not performed by applying a tensile load at a constant speed, that is, continuously, as in a conventional tensile tester, using a DW method apparatus that executes the DW method described above.
- the present invention provides a method and a device for sequentially adding a predetermined step load W s (a load added at each stage) and applying a load W n by gradually increasing the load step by step.
- the load W n is a constant load that is maintained at a constant value. This is the same as a state in which a predetermined weight of a heavy drop is loaded.
- this constant load is maintained by appropriately adjusting the crosshead of the DW method device in the same way as the crosshead of the universal tensile tester.
- stabilization time Ts The time required to stabilize after the application of the constant load Wn (hereinafter referred to as “stabilization time”) Ts is measured together with the constant load value Wn and the strain ⁇ n for each step.
- the value of this stabilization time T s changes within the range of the approximated value without substantially fluctuating while the load W n is in the elastic region, but in the vicinity of the transition from the elastic region to the plastic region. Then, it starts to show a value that fluctuates greatly from the previous range. The point where such behavior is manifested is taken as the yield point cry of this solid material.
- the judgment of “stability of strain ⁇ ” is based on the judgment that the progress (elongation) of strain ⁇ has completely stopped.
- the state (stop of elongation) may be used, but it may be defined as “stable” when the progress (elongation) of the strain ⁇ ⁇ changes within a certain value range (R s).
- the above-mentioned detection method and the device used for this method focus on the time T s (n) required for stabilizing the strain ⁇ n, but among the data obtained by the same DW method, the constant load Wn of each stage
- the yield point can also be detected based on the strain ⁇ ⁇ of each stage during the operation.
- a constant load W (n + 1) to which a step load Ws is sequentially added is applied stepwise to a solid material to be detected until the strain ⁇ is stabilized by the action of the constant load Wn.
- First order difference value between strain ⁇ n due to the action of constant load Wn and strain ⁇ (n + 1) under the action of constant load W (n + 1) at the next stage [£ m S ( ⁇ + 1) - ⁇ n] shows an unstable behavior from a stable transition, the stress ⁇ under the constant load Wn is defined as the yield point ⁇ y in the solid material.
- the value of the first-order difference value £ m or the second-order difference value ⁇ o calculated based on the strain ⁇ collected at each step is a predetermined value. It is when the value exceeds the value.
- the setting of the DW method apparatus is such that when the step load Ws is added from the constant load Wn and the process shifts to the next stage constant load W (n + 1), the load for adding the step load Ws is set.
- the speed may be set to a constant speed, the load speed may be changed on the way. For example, when the load speed is reduced a few percent before reaching the constant load W (n + 1) in the next stage.
- an optimum value is appropriately selected for the solid material of the detection object in consideration of the stability control when the next stage constant load W (n + 1) is held. Similarly, an optimum value is selected for the solid-state material of the detected object also for the loading speed. This is because it is assumed that various changes appear depending on the loading speed depending on the molecular bonding structure in the solid material. The invention's effect
- the yield point of the solid material which could not be revealed by a testing machine that executes a conventional tensile test method, can be determined. It can be easily and easily revealed.
- the concept of “force resistance” was introduced for convenience and used for structural calculations and member strength design. It is possible to design accurate and reliable members using the yield point that could not be obtained, and it is expected that the contribution to the industry will be significant.
- the test specimen is a commonly used cylindrical rod with a stepped central diameter, with a total length of 180 mm, a parallel part diameter of 1 Omm, a gauge length of 35 mm, and a grip part diameter of 15 mm.
- the length is 65mm and the parallel part is smooth.
- the measurement was performed by attaching a strain gauge along the axial direction to the center of the parallel part of the test piece, and using YFLA-2 as a strain gauge.
- Figure 1 shows the load specifications that show the relationship between the stepwise load applied by the DW test equipment and time.
- the horizontal axis represents time T
- the vertical axis represents load W
- ⁇ added to this is an integer value, indicating the order of each step.
- Tbn-Ta (n-1) The slope from the point A (n-1) to the point Bn indicates the load speed Va of the step load Ws.
- a tensile load at a constant load control speed Vb is applied at the point Bn to maintain the state of the constant load Wn.
- every predetermined time interval in this experimental example, every 10 seconds
- the strain ⁇ ⁇ is measured, and when the degree of progress (the amount of change) of the strain ⁇ ⁇ falls to a value of 0 or within a range of a predetermined value (Rs), the deformation of the test piece is stopped. Stop).
- the time (T an — T bn) required from the arrival time T bn of the above B n point to the time T an when the stop is determined is referred to as “the time T s (n) J ( This is abbreviated as “stabilization time T s (n)”.)
- the next step load Ws is added, and confirmation of this stop and addition of the step load Ws are sequentially repeated.
- the change in the load Wn and the stabilization time T s (n) at each step (each step) is measured while moving. In the experiment, incremental loads were applied gradually until the yield point appeared.
- step load Ws in addition to the term “step load Ws”, the term “step stress ⁇ s” obtained by dividing this value by the cross-sectional area of the test piece may be used.
- FIG. 2 is a ⁇ - ⁇ diagram of a copper material obtained by a conventional tensile test.
- This graph behaves linearly up to about 100 MPa, but then becomes a gentle curve to the plastic region. It is clear that the yield point cannot be easily found from this graph.
- the stress was calculated as the nominal stress, and the tensile speed was shown based on the moving speed of the crosshead.
- each stress is calculated from the load Wn and the time T n collected at the points (points A and B shown in Fig. 1) at each step (each stage) by the DW method tensile test.
- Figure 4 shows the relationship between ⁇ and the settling time T s of the strain, with time (unit: seconds) on the vertical axis and stress ⁇ (unit: MPa) on the horizontal axis.
- the time T s which initially had a stable transition within a certain range (almost horizontal in the graph), began to increase sharply at the point A, and until then without stopping Also, the behavior in which the strain progressed was observed.
- the stress before point A is an elastic region, and after point A it can be regarded as a plastic region, and it can be determined that point A at this boundary indicates a yield point.
- Equation 1 shows the first-order difference value £ m of the strain ⁇ ⁇ at each step.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the value ⁇ ⁇ obtained by the equation 1 and the stress ⁇ ⁇ at each step.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the value ⁇ ⁇ obtained by Equation 2 and the stress ⁇ ⁇ at each step.
- Experimental Example 2 was performed using a material of S45C (carbon steel for mechanical structure) that was not subjected to heat treatment such as quenching and tempering as a test piece.
- FIG. 7 is a ⁇ -threshold diagram of the S45C material obtained by a conventional tensile test method.
- the graph moves linearly up to around 400 MPa, but thereafter shows a continuous gentle curve (upward convex downward), clearly showing the elastic and plastic regions. There are no sharp boundaries, and it is not possible to know which point is the surrender point. Therefore, the detection method according to the present invention was applied to this material.
- the step stress CTs, the load load speed Va, and the constant load control speed Vb were set in the same manner as in Experiment 1 above.
- Experimental example 3 was performed using a SCM (chromium-molybdenum steel) material without heat treatment such as quenching and tempering.
- SCM chromium-molybdenum steel
- FIG. 12 is a ⁇ -threshold diagram of an SCM material obtained by a conventional tensile test method.
- the graph moves linearly up to about 350 MPa, but thereafter shows a continuous gentle curve (lower convex to the right), indicating a clear boundary between the elastic region and the plastic region. Point cannot be found.
- the difference between before and after the step is obtained using the collected data, and the difference value
- the degree of change may be determined using an arithmetic device such as a computer.
- the program may be programmed so that a case where a certain set value is exceeded is detected and it is determined from the stable transition that the behavior has been unstable.
- Fig. 1 is a load specification diagram showing the relationship between stepwise load and time by the DW method.
- FIG. 2 is a ⁇ - ⁇ diagram of a copper material obtained by a conventional tensile test method.
- Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the elongation ⁇ diagram of copper material from the DW bow I tension test.
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between stress and strain stabilization time s s based on data of copper materials sampled by the DW method tensile test.
- Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the first-order difference value ⁇ m of the strain ⁇ ⁇ at each step and the stress ⁇ ⁇ at each step from the data of the copper material collected by the DW method tensile test.
- Figure 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the second-order difference value ⁇ ⁇ of the strain ⁇ ⁇ at each step and the stress ⁇ ⁇ at each step, based on the data of the copper material sampled by the DW method tensile test.
- Fig. 7 is a ⁇ -e diagram of the S45c material obtained by the conventional tensile test method.
- Fig. 8 ⁇ - ⁇ diagram of S45C material by DW method tensile test.
- Fig. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the data stress and the settling time T s of the strain of the S 45 C material sampled by the DW method tensile test.
- Fig. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the first-order difference value ⁇ m of the strain ⁇ ⁇ of each step and the stress ⁇ ⁇ of each step based on the data of the S 45 C material collected by the DW method tensile test. .
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the second-order difference value ⁇ ⁇ of the strain ⁇ ⁇ at each step and the stress ⁇ ⁇ at each step based on the data of the S 45 C material collected by the DW method tensile test.
- Fig. 12 is a ⁇ - ⁇ diagram of the SCM material by the conventional tensile test method.
- Fig. 13 is a ⁇ - ⁇ diagram of the SCM material by the DW method tensile test.
- Fig. 14 Stability of stress ⁇ and strain from data of SCM material collected by DW method tensile test 9 is a graph showing a relationship with time Ts.
- Fig. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the first-order difference value ⁇ m of the strain ⁇ at each step and the stress n at each step from the data of the SCM material collected by the DW method tensile test.
- Fig. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the second-order difference value ⁇ of the strain ⁇ ⁇ at each step and the stress ⁇ ⁇ at each step based on the data of the SCM material collected by the DW method tensile test.
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Abstract
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003-024721 | 2003-01-31 | ||
JP2003024721A JP2006153458A (ja) | 2003-01-31 | 2003-01-31 | 固体材料の降伏点検出方法 |
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WO2004068118A1 true WO2004068118A1 (ja) | 2004-08-12 |
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PCT/JP2004/000973 WO2004068118A1 (ja) | 2003-01-31 | 2004-01-30 | 固体材料の降伏点検出方法およびこれに用いる装置 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103163020A (zh) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-19 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | 一种汽车大梁板的检测方法 |
CN111144049A (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | 一种复合材料开孔翼梁安全裕度计算方法 |
RU2756378C1 (ru) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-09-29 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | Способ определения предела текучести материала детали при изгибе |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6453128A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1989-03-01 | Shimadzu Corp | Creep testing machine |
JPS6453129A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1989-03-01 | Shimadzu Corp | Creep testing machine |
JPH0545269A (ja) * | 1991-08-12 | 1993-02-23 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | 引張試験における降伏点の検出方法および引張試験装置 |
JPH05172724A (ja) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-09 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 金属材料の引張試験方法 |
JP2002357522A (ja) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-13 | Univ Nihon | 万能材料試験方法及びその装置 |
-
2003
- 2003-01-31 JP JP2003024721A patent/JP2006153458A/ja active Pending
-
2004
- 2004-01-30 WO PCT/JP2004/000973 patent/WO2004068118A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6453128A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1989-03-01 | Shimadzu Corp | Creep testing machine |
JPS6453129A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1989-03-01 | Shimadzu Corp | Creep testing machine |
JPH0545269A (ja) * | 1991-08-12 | 1993-02-23 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | 引張試験における降伏点の検出方法および引張試験装置 |
JPH05172724A (ja) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-09 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 金属材料の引張試験方法 |
JP2002357522A (ja) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-13 | Univ Nihon | 万能材料試験方法及びその装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
IMAMURA SENJI, SAITO TOMOICHI, THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS TOHOKU SHIBU DAI 39 KI SHUKI KOEKAI KOEN RONBUNSHU, no. 031-2, 5 September 2003 (2003-09-05), pages 45 - 46, XP002903776 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103163020A (zh) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-19 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | 一种汽车大梁板的检测方法 |
CN111144049A (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | 一种复合材料开孔翼梁安全裕度计算方法 |
CN111144049B (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2023-06-23 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | 一种复合材料开孔翼梁安全裕度计算方法 |
RU2756378C1 (ru) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-09-29 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | Способ определения предела текучести материала детали при изгибе |
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JP2006153458A (ja) | 2006-06-15 |
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