WO2004056570A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur echzeitkontrolle von druckbildern - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur echzeitkontrolle von druckbildern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004056570A1 WO2004056570A1 PCT/EP2003/014630 EP0314630W WO2004056570A1 WO 2004056570 A1 WO2004056570 A1 WO 2004056570A1 EP 0314630 W EP0314630 W EP 0314630W WO 2004056570 A1 WO2004056570 A1 WO 2004056570A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pixels
- image
- segments
- color
- segment
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for real-time control of printed images.
- Video cameras with strobe lighting are used for the so-called online print control.
- the images supplied by these cameras can then be visually checked and fed to an automatic monitoring unit.
- a known method for the automatic monitoring of printed products is described in DE 199 40 879 AI.
- a reference image is generated or, if it is already available in digital form, made available.
- An actual image is created using a "stroboscopic Flash of light captured.
- the position of the actual image is mapped onto the reference image using a suitable correlation method. Since an exact superimposition of the reference image and the actual image is practically not possible, the reference image is divided into sub-areas. The individual sections can be seamlessly connected to one another or even overlap. The differences in the color values of the pixels are determined in each partial area.
- the structure indicator is assigned to the subarea and in the event that all differences in the subarea are smaller than a predefined tolerance threshold, the color is assigned to the subarea.
- the actual image is compared in partial areas to which the color code is assigned on the basis of the actual color values with the target color values.
- the mean values or the sum of the amplitudes of all gray levels are determined and compared.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device for checking printed images with which the reliability and quality of the trolle is significantly increased compared to conventional methods or devices.
- the method according to the invention for checking printed images comprises the following steps: electro-optical acquisition and digitization of an actual image into individual pixels,
- a reference value describing the color property being assigned to the pixels arranged in the respective segment, comparing the color property of the pixels of the actual image with the corresponding reference values of the reference image, a corresponding pixel being marked as an error in a result image in the event of a deviation from a predetermined threshold value.
- a reference image is used which is segmented into several segments in such a way that the segments each have a specific color property.
- the segments thus reflect the morphology of the image.
- This special configuration of the segments enables much more precise reference values to be used than is the case with conventional methods in which the sub-areas have been arbitrarily determined.
- the pixels of the actual image are thus compared with a very precise reference value, as a result of which deviations can be determined very reliably.
- Color properties in the sense of the following invention can be, for example, grayscale and / or color values.
- edge regions of the segments are not taken into account when comparing the pixels of the actual image with the corresponding reference values of the reference image, as a result of which small register shifts, which are often unavoidable and are not recognized as errors by a viewer, do not lead to undesirable error data ,
- a result image is generated in which the error data can be assigned in binary form to the individual pixels of the result image.
- the result image can thus be represented as a binary image in which the areas in which errors occur are marked.
- Such a binary image can simply be displayed on a display device and shows an operator the flaws of a printed image. This enables the operator to quickly and easily discover the errors and, if necessary, take appropriate corrective measures.
- Such a binary result image can also be compressed very strongly using compression methods known per se, since it only has large-area binary (white / black) areas. This allows the result images to be transmitted to a monitoring station in real time via a data line with limited transmission capacity. At the monitoring station, the compressed result images can be decompressed again and displayed on a display device.
- the invention also provides a method for segmenting a reference image, in which areas with the same color property are determined, these areas each forming a segment. A reference value is assigned to each of these segments, which describes the color property of the respective segment.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically in a flow chart a method for real-time control of print images
- FIG. 2 shows schematically in a flow chart a method for segmenting a reference image
- FIG. 3 shows a method for segmenting a reference image on the basis of a few pixels
- FIG. 4 shows a printing system in which the method according to the invention is used
- FIG. 5 a reference image
- FIG. 6 shows the segments of the reference image from FIG. 5,
- FIG. 7 shows an actual image
- FIG. 8 a result image
- FIG. 9 another reference image
- FIG. 10 shows the image from FIG. 9 after segmentation
- Figure 11 shows the image of Figure 10 after connecting individual segments, and 12 shows the edges of the segments of the images from FIGS. 9 to 11.
- the method according to the invention for real-time control of print images is used in a printing system (FIG. 4).
- a printing system comprises a printing device 1.
- the method according to the invention is typically used in high-performance printers and in particular printers printing on continuous paper.
- Such continuous paper is pulled off a paper roll 2 and fed to the printing device 1.
- the printing device 1 is usually followed by a post-processing device 3, in which, for example, the continuous paper is cut into individual sheets.
- the paper is guided from the printing device 1 to the post-processing device 3 along a paper path (shown schematically in FIG. 3 by two pairs of rollers 4).
- a line camera 5 is arranged on the paper track and its lens is aimed at the printed paper track.
- a line scan camera of this type the paper that is guided past it can be recorded electro-optically and these digital images can be created individually on pages printed on the paper web. These digital images each represent an actual image.
- another electro-optical detection device can also be used, such as, for example, a camera for recording a flat image in combination with a stroboscope, the paper web being illuminated with flashes of light emitted by the stroboscope, so that individual pages are moved by the moving paper web be recorded.
- the camera 5 is connected to an evaluation device 6, which is usually a computer with a storage device and a central computing device.
- the evaluation device 6 is connected to a display device 7.
- the ACTUAL image generated by the camera 5 is stored in an image memory in the evaluation device 6 (step S2).
- the position of the stored actual image in relation to a target position is determined. This can be done using registration marks or certain marks in the image itself. Various correlation methods for this are known in the prior art.
- an affine transformation is determined (step S3), with which the individual pixels of the actual image can be mapped to the target position.
- the individual pixels of the target image or their color properties are compared in a loop with the reference values of a reference image (step S4).
- the pixel to be compared with the reference image is first mapped to the corresponding location in the reference image by means of the affine transformations.
- the reference image is divided into segments. This subdivision is explained in more detail below.
- a reference value is assigned to each segment. In this comparison, it is determined in which segment the affinely transformed pixel is located, the reference value assigned to the segment then being used for the comparison. If the color property of the pixel of the ACTUAL image deviates from the correspondingly selected reference value by a predetermined threshold value (result of the comparison: no), this means that the pixel does not have the desired color property.
- a pixel in the corresponding position in the image is assigned a value which represents the error (step S5). If the color property of the pixel of the ACTUAL image lies within the range specified by the threshold value around the reference value (result of the comparison: yes), this means that this pixel has the desired color property and the corresponding pixel in the result.
- the image is assigned a value that indicates the correctness of this pixel. In the result image, for example, the error values are set with "1" and the correct values with "0".
- step S7 It is then checked whether all pixels of the target image have been compared with corresponding reference values.
- the result image is prepared in step S8.
- individual or a few contiguous pixels marked as faulty are reset to the correct value.
- a single or a few contiguous pixels, the number of which depends on the resolution of the image, are not recognized by a viewer of a printed image and are therefore not taken into account in the present method.
- the result image is displayed on the display device 7 (step S9), so that the result image can be viewed by the operator of the printing system.
- the result image can be provided to compress the result image after it has been processed, in order to transmit it, for example, via a local network to a control station, at which the result image is decompressed and displayed on a display device.
- the binary result image which usually consists of large areas with error values or correction values, can be compressed very strongly and can therefore be transferred quickly and easily as a small amount of data even over data lines of lower data capacity.
- the color properties can be represented by gray values and / or by color values. If color values are used, a color property can be described by several values. For example, if the color property is displayed in RGB space, then for each Color property to specify a color value for red, green and blue. With such multidimensional color properties, a distance value is used as the threshold value. This can be, for example, a certain Euclidean distance in the color space. However, it may also be expedient to vary the distance accordingly in accordance with human perception, which is of different strength in the case of different colors. For this purpose, for example, the RGB data of the actual image are converted into a color space that takes into account the properties of the human perception of the color distance (eg CIELa * b *).
- the target values are then also provided in such a color space, so that the Euclidean distance can also be used here.
- the edge regions of the segments are not taken into account in the comparison of the pixels of the actual image in step S4 with the corresponding reference values. This is advisable since, despite the affine transformations, residual misregistration can occur. These can arise due to uncertainties in the location determination or non-linear changes in the actual and target images, for example due to moisture expansion or sagging. This means that individual pixels in the edge area could be incorrectly assigned to an adjacent segment, which would result in an incorrect evaluation of the pixel. These problems in the border area are thus eliminated by not taking the border area into account.
- the width of the border area depends on the resolution of the reference image. Suitable widths of the edge area are in the range from 1 to 10 pixels, preferably in the range from 1 to 4 pixels. In terms of programming, the assignment of the reference values is achieved by assigning a label to each segment and assigning the color property to each label. If the color property is a grayscale, this assignment can be shown according to the following table, for example:
- Label 0 is assigned to the edge areas and instead of a gray level, label 0 is assigned a code “nop” which means “no operation”. If there is a pixel in the edge area, the code for "no operation” is called up during the comparison, as a result of which the comparison is not carried out. For the other labels 1 - 10, the corresponding gray levels are called up in the comparison. In the comparison itself, the absolute value is between the gray level of the reference value and the gray level of the pixel to be compared and checks whether this absolute value is less than the threshold value. If this is the case, the gray level of the pixel is in the desired range and the correct value is set in the result image the error value is set in the result image. If color values are used instead of the grayscale, each label is assigned a set of color values that describe the respective color.
- a reference image must be provided (step S10).
- a reference image can be provided or generated in that an error-free printout of the image is recorded with the optical detection device 5, which is also used for capturing the actual image, in order to generate a digital image file from the image.
- the image to be printed is already available as a digital image file, it is also possible to use this image file directly.
- the resolution i.e. the number of pixels per unit length in each row and column to adapt this image file to the resolution of the actual image.
- the resolution of the actual image should be somewhat coarser than that of the image file serving as a print template, which is why the resolution is reduced accordingly by means of suitable and known interpolation methods.
- step S11 contiguous areas in the reference image are identified that have approximately the same color properties, such an area forming a segment. This can be carried out, for example, as follows: the pixels are individually assigned to a segment, the pixels in each row j (FIG. 3) being processed from left to right, the individual rows in succession from top to bottom.
- the reference values of the three neighboring pixels in the row above this pixel and the reference value of the pixel adjacent to the left of the pixel to be assigned are read out from a pixel to be assigned to a segment. sen. If the pixels are arranged in rows j and columns i (FIG. 3), then the reference values of the pixels with the coordinates (i-1, j-1), (i, j ⁇ l), (i + 1, j ⁇ l) and (i-1, j).
- the pixel to be assigned is assigned to the segment which contains the pixel whose reference value is closest to the color property of the pixel to be assigned. - This assignment is made by entering the label of this segment in the reference image for the pixel to be assigned.
- this pixel cannot be assigned to any of the adjacent segments. This pixel forms the core for a new segment, a new label of the assignment table being generated and this new label being entered in the reference image at the location of the pixel.
- the color property of the one pixel that triggered the formation of the new segment is first assigned to the new label in the assignment table.
- This color property can be assigned to this label as a reference value (step S12).
- a new pixel to a segment whose color property with 'the corresponding weighting is averaged with the previously determined reference value of the segment when adding.
- the reference image is completely segmented, the reference image consists of contiguous areas, the pixels of which are each assigned a specific label.
- the pixels for the edge areas of the segments are now assigned the label for the edge area, namely the label “0” (step S13).
- Figure 5 shows a reference image that has two rectangles.
- the upper rectangle is completely black and the lower rectangle has a color gradient from black and white in the direction from bottom to top.
- Figure 6 shows the boundaries of the segments of the reference image shown in Figure 5.
- the black rectangle forms a single segment 9.
- the lower rectangle with the linear color gradient is divided into a number of strip-shaped segments 9, the reference value of which describes the average color property of the respective strip, ie the average brightness or the gray level of this strip.
- FIG. 8 shows an actual image in which certain areas 8 are not printed correctly. These are not the result image (FIG. 8) that was determined according to the method explained above correctly printed areas 8 are shown in black and the remaining area of the result image is white.
- An operator of the printing system who sees the black areas of the result image, immediately recognizes that there is a misprint and can take suitable measures to remedy the misprint.
- FIG. 10 shows the reference image from FIG. 9 after segmentation in accordance with step S11.
- a specific color property is assigned to each segment.
- the individual segments are each represented by the color property, which is a gray level in the present case.
- the color properties are shown here with false colors, that is to say that the brightness of the individual segments in FIG. 10 does not permit any statement about the actual gray level of the respective segment.
- FIG. 10 shows many small "spots", each of which forms a segment.
- FIG. 11 shows the image segmented according to FIG. 10 after the merging of segments according to step S14. It can be clearly seen here that many areas with small, different spots have been connected to form large, uniform areas.
- the image according to FIG. 11 was further processed in that label 0 was assigned to the edge areas that were detected in accordance with step S13.
- the edge areas are shown in white in FIG.
- the remaining areas are shown in black.
- FIG. 12 the segmentation corresponds to the original morphology (FIG. 9) of the image. As explained above, this results in significantly better quality and reliability in the automatic monitoring of printed products.
- the method according to the invention is carried out on the printing system shown in FIG. 4.
- the process can be used as a copu terprogram, which is stored executable on the computer of the evaluation device.
- This computer program can be stored on a data carrier and can be executed on other printing systems.
- the invention improves the quality in the automatic monitoring of print images in real time by using a reference image which is segmented in such a way that the pixels of the segments have approximately the same color property.
- the segments of the reference image reproduce, for example, the morphology of the reference image, with each segment being assigned a reference value which describes the color property of the segment very well.
- the pixels of the actual image are compared with the reference value of the corresponding segment. This comparison is very reliable due to the high quality of the reference value.
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- Image Analysis (AREA)
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- Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/537,479 US20060124012A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-19 | Method and device for the real time control of print images |
DE50304902T DE50304902D1 (de) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur echzeitkontrolle von druckbildern |
EP03795939A EP1578609B1 (de) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur echzeitkontrolle von druckbildern |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10261221A DE10261221A1 (de) | 2002-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Echtzeitkontrolle von Druckbildern |
DE10261221.8 | 2002-12-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004056570A1 true WO2004056570A1 (de) | 2004-07-08 |
Family
ID=32519411
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/014630 WO2004056570A1 (de) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur echzeitkontrolle von druckbildern |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060124012A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1578609B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10261221A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004056570A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104827764A (zh) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-12 | 米勒·马蒂尼控股公司 | 一种用于监视印刷再加工机器的方法 |
DE102005060893C5 (de) * | 2005-12-20 | 2019-02-28 | Manroland Goss Web Systems Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines drucktechnischen Messwertes |
EP3771564A1 (de) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-03 | Bundesdruckerei GmbH | Druckinspektionsvorrichtung und verfahren zur optischen inspektion eines druckbildes eines druckobjekts |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006010180A1 (de) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-13 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Verfahren zur Erfassung druckqualitätsrelevanter Parameter an einem Druckprodukt |
DE102007025910B4 (de) * | 2007-06-01 | 2013-08-29 | Windmöller & Hölscher Kg | Hintergrundbeleuchtung |
DE102007043034A1 (de) * | 2007-09-11 | 2009-03-12 | Falk, Heinz, Prof. Dr. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Inline-Qualitätssicherung an Druckmaschinen |
JP5383416B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-06 | 2014-01-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像処理装置及びその制御方法とプログラム |
CN102501591B (zh) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-12-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所 | 多层陶瓷封装印刷图形性能检测方法 |
JP6241121B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-14 | 2017-12-06 | 株式会社リコー | 画像検査装置、画像検査システム及び画像検査方法 |
CN111630834B (zh) | 2018-01-25 | 2022-08-09 | 惠普发展公司,有限责任合伙企业 | 从褪色预测耗尽的打印设备着色剂 |
WO2021086481A1 (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Print settings determination |
EP3875273A1 (de) * | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-08 | BST eltromat International GmbH | Verfahren zur aufzeichnung von inspektionsdaten von druckerzeugnissen |
Citations (3)
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US6024018A (en) * | 1997-04-03 | 2000-02-15 | Intex Israel Technologies Corp., Ltd | On press color control system |
DE19940879A1 (de) * | 1999-08-27 | 2001-03-08 | Innomess Elektronik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum automatisierten Vergleich von Druckbildern an Druckmaschinen |
US6449385B1 (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 2002-09-10 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Device for image inspection |
Family Cites Families (5)
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EP0872810A4 (de) * | 1996-10-09 | 2000-04-19 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erkennen von streifendefekten in drucksachen |
US6832002B2 (en) * | 1997-02-10 | 2004-12-14 | Definiens Ag | Method of iterative segmentation of a digital picture |
DE19705017A1 (de) * | 1997-02-10 | 1998-08-13 | Delphi Systemsimulation Gmbh | Verfahren zum Segmentieren eines digitalen Bildes |
JP3748164B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-06 | 2006-02-22 | 富士通株式会社 | パターン抽出装置 |
US6421458B2 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2002-07-16 | Cognex Corporation | Automated inspection of objects undergoing general affine transformation |
-
2002
- 2002-12-20 DE DE10261221A patent/DE10261221A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-12-19 EP EP03795939A patent/EP1578609B1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-19 WO PCT/EP2003/014630 patent/WO2004056570A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-19 US US10/537,479 patent/US20060124012A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-19 DE DE50304902T patent/DE50304902D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6449385B1 (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 2002-09-10 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Device for image inspection |
US6024018A (en) * | 1997-04-03 | 2000-02-15 | Intex Israel Technologies Corp., Ltd | On press color control system |
DE19940879A1 (de) * | 1999-08-27 | 2001-03-08 | Innomess Elektronik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum automatisierten Vergleich von Druckbildern an Druckmaschinen |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005060893C5 (de) * | 2005-12-20 | 2019-02-28 | Manroland Goss Web Systems Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines drucktechnischen Messwertes |
CN104827764A (zh) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-12 | 米勒·马蒂尼控股公司 | 一种用于监视印刷再加工机器的方法 |
EP3771564A1 (de) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-03 | Bundesdruckerei GmbH | Druckinspektionsvorrichtung und verfahren zur optischen inspektion eines druckbildes eines druckobjekts |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1578609A1 (de) | 2005-09-28 |
DE10261221A1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
EP1578609B1 (de) | 2006-08-30 |
US20060124012A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
DE50304902D1 (de) | 2006-10-12 |
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