WO2004053499A1 - Fretを利用した蛍光指示薬 - Google Patents
Fretを利用した蛍光指示薬 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004053499A1 WO2004053499A1 PCT/JP2003/015790 JP0315790W WO2004053499A1 WO 2004053499 A1 WO2004053499 A1 WO 2004053499A1 JP 0315790 W JP0315790 W JP 0315790W WO 2004053499 A1 WO2004053499 A1 WO 2004053499A1
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- fluorescent
- component
- sequence
- fluorescent indicator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
- G01N33/542—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with steric inhibition or signal modification, e.g. fluorescent quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/43504—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates
- C07K14/43595—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from coelenteratae, e.g. medusae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/05—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a GOLGI retention signal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/06—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a lysosomal/endosomal localisation signal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/07—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a mitochondrial localisation signal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/09—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a nuclear localisation signal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluorescent indicator for analyzing interaction between molecules using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and use thereof. More specifically, the present invention depolarizes FRET caused by the interaction of an analyte with a fluorescent indicator in which two fluorescent molecules having substantially the same fluorescent properties are bound via a target sequence.
- the present invention relates to a method for analyzing an interaction between molecules, which is characterized in that the interaction between molecules is measured based on the measurement.
- Fluorescence analysis of biological systems is advantageous in that it can be performed non-invasively compared to other biological techniques.
- biological reporter constructs have been developed that can be used, for example, to monitor reactions in cells.
- various analyzes can be performed by introducing this protein into cells via a gene construct and expressing it.
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- Miyawaki et al. (1997) Nature, 388, 882-887, describe a GFP-based Ca 2+ sensing system.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent indicator capable of easily and visually detecting the interaction between a target protein and an analyte, and a method for using the fluorescent indicator. More specifically, the present invention provides a fluorescent indicator based on homo-FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) utilizing fluorescent molecules with a small storage shift, and develops a system for visualizing intermolecular interactions. It was an issue to be solved.
- FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-described problems, and as a result, the analyte binds or acts to change the steric structure of the indicator. It has been found that an analyte can be detected and measured by using a fluorescent indicator to which a fluorescent molecular component having the same fluorescent characteristics is bound. The present invention has been completed based on this finding.
- a fluorescent molecule component having substantially the same fluorescent characteristics is bonded to the N-terminal side and the C-terminal side of the target sequence, which binds or acts on the analyte to change the three-dimensional structure of the indicator.
- Fluorescent indicators are provided.
- a target sequence to which an analyte binds or acts to change the conformation of the indicator a donor fluorescent molecule component covalently bound to the target sequence;
- a fluorescent indicator comprising:
- the donor fluorescent molecule and the acceptor fluorescent molecule are molecules having substantially the same fluorescence characteristics, and the binding of the analyte causes a change in the three-dimensional structure in the target sequence, and then the relative relationship between the donor molecule and the acceptor molecular component.
- a fluorescent indicator is provided that causes a change in position or direction and that the polarization characteristics of the fluorescence observed when excited by irradiation light having a certain polarization characteristic tend to differ from those of the irradiation light (depolarization).
- the fluorescent molecule component is a fluorescent protein or a variant thereof.
- the fluorescent molecule component is a yellow fluorescent protein or a variant thereof.
- the fluorescent molecule component is the fluorescent protein Venus.
- the fluorescent indicator further comprises a target peptide component and a linker component, and the target sequence of the analyte further comprises a peptide binding domain for binding the target peptide component;
- a linker component covalently bonds the target sequence and the target peptide component of the analyte, and the target sequence and the target peptide component covalently binds to either the receptor fluorescent molecule component or the donor fluorescent molecule component;
- the analyte bound to the target sequence induces a change in the relative position or orientation of the target peptide component and the peptide binding domain, which in turn causes a change in the relative position or orientation of the donor and receptor molecules.
- the fluorescence indicator observed when excited by the irradiation light having a certain polarization characteristic has a strong tendency to differ from that of the irradiation light (depolarization), thereby providing a fluorescent indicator.
- the target sequence is calmodulin, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, steroid hormone receptor, ligand binding domain of steroid hormone receptor, protein kinase. , Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, or recoverine.
- the target sequence of the analyte is calmodulin.
- the target peptide component is skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase (skMLCKp), smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK), calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), force redesmon, force / respinoremin, phosphofenolect kinase, force / Resineperin, phosphorylase kinase, Ca2 + ATPase, 59 Kda phosphodiesterase (PDE), 60 Kda phosphodiesterase (PDE), ditricoxide synthase, type I adenylyl cyclase, Bordetella pertussis adenylyl cyclase, neuromodulin, Spectrin, myristoylated alanine ritulin C kinase substrate (MARCKS), MacMARCKS (F52), b-Adducin, heat shock protein HSP90a, human immunodeficiency
- the linker component is a peptide component.
- one linker component is from 1 to 30 amino acid residues.
- the target sequence of the analyte on which the analyte acts to change the steric structure of the indicator is an amino acid sequence that is cleaved by the enzyme.
- the fluorescent indicator of the present invention is a single polypeptide.
- the fluorescent indicator of the present invention further comprises a localization sequence.
- the localization sequence is a nuclear localization sequence, an endoplasmic reticulum localization sequence, a peroxisome localization sequence, a mitochondrial localization sequence, a Golgi localization sequence, or a cell membrane localization sequence.
- a method for detecting or measuring an analyte in a sample comprising:
- the extent of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in the sample is measured by measuring depolarization.
- depolarization is measured by determining fluorescence anisotropy.
- the sample is a living cell
- the contacting step comprises incorporating the fluorescent indicator into the cell.
- the step of incorporating the fluorescent indicator into the cell comprises transfecting the cell with an expression vector comprising an expression control sequence operably linked to a nucleic acid sequence encoding the expression of the fluorescent indicator.
- an expression vector comprising an expression control sequence operably linked to a nucleic acid sequence encoding the expression of the fluorescent indicator.
- FIG. 1 shows the structures of the fluorescence indicators W- cameleon and W-SCAT of the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the fluorescent indicator of the present invention has a fluorescent molecule component having substantially the same fluorescent property bound to the N-terminal side and the C-terminal side of the target sequence, which binds or acts on the analyte to change the three-dimensional structure of the indicator. Things. More specifically, the fluorescent indicator of the present invention is a target sequence that changes the steric structure of the indicator by binding or acting on an analyte;
- a donor fluorescent molecule component covalently linked to the target sequence
- the donor fluorescent molecule and the acceptor fluorescent molecule are molecules having substantially the same fluorescence characteristics, and the binding of the analyte causes a change in the three-dimensional structure in the target sequence, and then the relative relationship between the donor molecule and the acceptor molecular component. It is characterized in that the position or direction changes, and the polarization characteristics of the fluorescence observed when excited by irradiation light having certain polarization characteristics tend to differ from those of the irradiation light (depolarization). To do. When a fluorescent molecule is excited with vertically polarized light, it is usually polarized vertically after the chromophore of the fluorescent molecule is excited and before the fluorescent molecule is rotated, in order to complete the fluorescence emission.
- the detected fluorescence is detected.
- FRET homotransfer
- excitation of fluorescent molecules is required. It is necessary that the fluorescence spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum overlap (the Stokes shift is small), and GFP mutants such as CFP, YFP or RFP are suitable.
- to produce a fluorescent indicator to produce what was bound to the same fluorescent molecule to the N-terminus and C-terminus of Domein causing structural changes by substrate sites or C a 2 + Protea Ichize as the target sequence, to produce a fluorescent indicator.
- a fluorescent indicator By using such a fluorescent indicator, it becomes possible to monitor the activity of caspase 3 associated with apoptosis or the change in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration.
- the fluorescent molecule in the present invention means any molecule that can emit light when excited by an appropriate electromagnetic ray.
- a fluorescent protein can be used as the fluorescent molecule.
- the donor fluorescent molecule component and the acceptor fluorescent molecular component have substantially the same fluorescence characteristics, and preferably, both have the same fluorescence.
- the fluorescent molecule used in the present invention is preferably selected in view of the efficiency of FRET, and the efficiency of FRET can be tested according to the techniques described herein and well known to those skilled in the art.
- Covalently linked means a covalent bond or other covalent linkage between two molecules.
- the covalent linkage includes a divalent component linking the two molecules.
- Target sequence refers to an amino acid sequence that can bind to an analyte. Preferred target sequences change conformation upon binding to the analyte.
- Target peptide means a peptide that can bind to a target sequence. The target peptide is a partial sequence of the peptide that binds to the target sequence.
- Analyte means a molecule or ion in solution that binds to a target sequence and changes the conformation of the target sequence.
- the analyte may bind reversibly or irreversibly to the target sequence.
- Component means a group of a molecule that is linked to another group of the indicator. That is, a “fluorescent molecule component” is a group of a fluorescent molecule that is bound to a target sequence component or a linker component. “Target sequence component” is the group of the target sequence that is attached to the fluorescent molecule component. “Target peptide component” is the group of the target peptide of the target sequence. “Linker component” refers to the group of a molecular linker that is attached to both the donor and the acceptor fluorescent molecular component.
- “Operatively linked” means that the components are in a relationship that allows them to function.
- a regulatory sequence operably linked to a coding sequence is ligated in such a way that expression of the coding sequence is achieved under conditions compatible with the regulatory sequences.
- "Regulatory sequence” refers to a polynucleotide necessary for the expression of a coding sequence and non-coding sequences to which it is linked. Regulatory sequences include promoters, ribosome binding sites, transcription termination sequences, and the like.
- the regulatory sequence may further include a leader sequence and a sequence on the other side of the fusion protein.
- Polynucleotide means at least 10 nucleotides or more in length.
- the nucleotide may be a ribonucleotide, a deoxynucleotide, or a variant thereof, and may be single-stranded or double-stranded.
- the fluorescent indicator of the present invention which utilizes fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to detect or measure an analyte, comprises two molecules having emission and excitation spectra that are a donor fluorescent molecule component and an acceptor fluorescent molecular component.
- FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- the donor fluorescent molecule component and the acceptor fluorescent molecular component used in the present invention are components having substantially the same fluorescence characteristics, and are preferably the same components.
- the excitation spectrum of the acceptor fluorescent molecular component is selected so as to overlap the emission spectrum of the donor fluorescent molecular component.
- the donor and receptor fluorescent molecular components (in the present invention, they have substantially the same fluorescent properties) are bound to a target sequence component whose steric structure changes upon binding of the analyte. The change in the three-dimensional structure changes the relative position and direction of the donor and receptor fluorescent molecules, thereby causing depolarization.
- the fluorescent molecule component is covalently bound to the amino and carboxy terminals of the target sequence component.
- the donor fluorescent molecule component and the receptor fluorescent molecular component can move closely to each other when the analyte is bound. Alternatively, the donor and receptor components move away from each other during analyte binding. You may.
- the receptor component covalently binds to a target peptide component that is bound to a target sequence component, and the target peptide component is covalently bound to a target sequence component via a linker component.
- the linker component is flexible, allowing the target peptide component to bind to the target sequence component.
- the donor component is excited by light of the appropriate intensity within the excitation spectrum of the donor component. The donor component emits the absorbed energy as fluorescence. If the acceptor fluorescent molecular component is located at a position that can quench the excited donor component, the fluorescent energy is transferred to the acceptor component and fluorescence is emitted.
- FRET is caused using one type of fluorescent molecule (ie, a fluorescent molecule having substantially the same fluorescent characteristics) (also referred to as homo-FRET in the present specification).
- a fluorescent molecule having substantially the same fluorescent characteristics also referred to as homo-FRET in the present specification.
- observation of homo-FRET can be performed by measuring the depolarization of fluorescence.
- Factors that cause fluorescence depolarization include fluorescence reabsorption, FRET, and rotational Brownian motion of fluorescent molecules.
- the rotational relaxation time of fluorescent proteins such as GFP has been measured to be 30 to 40 nsec, which is the lifetime of GFP fluorescence.
- the polarization intensity can be evaluated using the anisotropy of fluorescence.
- the fluorescence anisotropy (Anisotropy; A) can be determined by the following equation.
- I parallel
- I vertical
- the fluorescence in the sample can be measured using a fluorescence polarization measuring device.
- the excitation line from the excitation source passes through the excitation optics.
- the excitation beam excites the sample with the excitation optics.
- the fluorescent molecules in the sample emit radiation having a wavelength different from the excitation wavelength.
- the collection optics then collects the radiation from the sample.
- the device has a temperature controller to maintain the sample being scanned at a constant temperature.
- a multi-axis conversion stage moves a microtiter plate holding multiple samples.
- the electronics associated with the multi-axis conversion stage, temperature controller, autofocus function, and imaging and data acquisition are managed by a suitably programmed digital computer.
- a system For detection of homotransfer FRET by depolarization, a system can be set up that can be used in vitro (in a cuvette or plate) or in vivo (under a microscope, in a cell), which emphasizes the polarization component of the optical system.
- the measurement of the degree of fluorescence polarization can be performed using a commercially available apparatus such as a fluorescence polarization measurement apparatus BEACON (TAKARA).
- TAKARA fluorescence polarization measurement apparatus
- Methods for measuring the degree of fluorescence polarization are known to those skilled in the art, and are described, for example, in Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Enzymes, Vol. 42, No. 1, p77-81 (19997), and the like. ing.
- any fluorescent molecule can be used.
- GFP cnidarian green fluorescent protein
- Mutants include cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), red fluorescent protein (RFP) or blue fluorescent protein (BFP).
- CFP cyan fluorescent protein
- YFP yellow fluorescent protein
- RFP red fluorescent protein
- BFP blue fluorescent protein
- These fluorescent proteins can be obtained from such sources as Pacdfic Northwest jellyfish, Aequorea victoria, the sea pansy, Reniila reniformis and Phialidium gregarium (Ward, WW, et al., Photochem. Photobiol., 35: 803-808 (1982); and Levine , LD, et al., Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 72B: 77-85 (1982)).
- low molecular organic compounds such as fluorescein, rhodamine, Alexa, and Cy can be used.
- a protein is a jellyfish-derived fluorescent protein if it contains 150 consecutive amino acids with 85% or more homology to the amino acid sequence of the wild-type jellyfish-derived fluorescent protein.
- green fluorescent protein GFP
- yellow fluorescent protein YFP
- mutants thereof used herein includes not only known green fluorescent proteins and yellow fluorescent proteins but also all of these mutants. Meaning.
- the green fluorescent protein gene has been isolated and sequenced (Prasher, DC et al. (1992), "Primary structure of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein, Gene 111: 229-233). Numerous mutant amino acid sequences have also been reported, for example, in Roger Y. Tsin, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1998. 67: 509-44, and references therein.
- the green fluorescent protein GFP
- the yellow fluorescent protein YFP
- a mutant thereof for example, those derived from Owang jellyfish (for example, Aequorea victoria) can be used.
- GFP GFP
- YFP YFP
- mutants Examples of GFP, YFP and their mutants are shown below.
- the notation of F 99 S indicates that the amino acid residue at position 99 has been changed from F to S, and other amino acid substitutions will be indicated in the same manner.
- G F P having an amino acid mutation of F 99 S, Ml 53 ⁇ , V 163 A;
- GFP having an amino acid mutation of S65T having an amino acid mutation of S65T
- GFP having an amino acid mutation of F 64 L, S 65 T;
- GFP having an amino acid mutation of S202F, T203I;
- G F P having an amino acid mutation of T 203 I, S 72 A, Y145F;
- G F P (YFP) having an amino acid mutation of S 65 G, S 72 A, T 203 F;
- G F P (YFP) having an amino acid mutation of S 65 G, S 72 A, T 203 H;
- GFP mutants CFP, YFP, RFP or mutants thereof are preferable to use.
- YFP mutant Venus can be used.
- Nagai, T. et al. (2002) Nature Biotecnology 20, 87-90 can be referred to.
- Venus is a fluorescent protein obtained by substituting phenylalanine at position 46 of YFP with leucine, which is 30 to 100 times higher in Escherichia coli than in conventional GFP, and 3 to 10 times higher in mammalian cells. : Achieves 100 times the brightness and can provide fluorescence that is sufficiently detectable with ordinary equipment.
- the efficiency of FRET between the donor and receptor fluorescent molecule components is due to the two fluorescent molecules It can be adjusted by adjusting the ability to interact.
- the nature of the target sequence component, the target peptide component and the linker component also affect FRET and the response of the indicator to the analyte. In general, it is desirable that a large conformational change occurs in a target sequence component.
- the target sequence component is a protein or a part thereof that changes its three-dimensional structure upon binding of an analyte.
- proteins include calmodulin (CaM), cGMP-dependent protein kinase, steroid hormone receptor (or its ligand binding domain), protein kinase (:, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor) Or Reco Vesin (e.g., 1; Katzenellenbogen, JA & Katzenellenbogen, BS Chemistry & Biology 3: 529-536 (1996), and Ames, JB, et al., Curr.Opin. Struct. Biol. 6 : 432-438 (1996).)
- the target sequence component preferably binds to the target peptide as well as the analyte.
- the targeting peptide component can include any of the amino acid sequences of Table 1 or a portion thereof. However, the target peptide must be able to bind to the target sequence component.
- the targeting peptide may be a partial sequence of a calmodulin-binding domain.
- the target peptide components listed in Table 1 are recognized by the target sequence component CaM (see, for example, Crivici, A. & Ikura, M. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 24: 84-116 (1995)). .
- the target peptide component may be modified to enhance the response of the fluorescent indicator to the analyte.
- Other target peptide components for other target sequences are known to those skilled in the art. table 1
- sraMLCK (smMLCKp) ARRKWQKTGHAVRAIGRLSS (SEQ ID NO: 2)
- PhK (PhK5) LRRLIDAYAFRIYGHWVKKGQQQNRG (SEQ ID NO: 8)
- Type I AC AC (AC-28) IKPAKRMKFKTVCYLLVQLMHCRKMFKA (SEQ ID NO: 14) Borderella periussis AC IDLLWKIARAGARSAVGTEA (SEQ ID NO: 15)
- HIV-1 gpl60 YHRLRDLLLIVKRIVELLGRR (SEQ ID NO: 22)
- GIP gastrin inhibitory peptide
- HIV-1 g P 160 human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein 160;
- HSP heat shock protein
- MARCKS myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate
- MHC myosin heavy chain
- PhK phosphorylase kinase
- the length of the VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide linker component is selected to optimize the rate and specificity of the conformational change upon FRET and analyte binding.
- the linker component preferably has a length and flexibility such that the target sequence component and the target peptide component can freely interact and respond to the concentration of the analyte.
- the average distance between the donor and the acceptor fluorescent molecule components is preferably from about 1 nm to about 10 nm, more preferably from about 1 nm to about 6 nm, particularly preferably It is from 1 nm to about 4 nm. If one linker molecule is too short or too rigid, the donor and receptor molecular components cannot easily change.
- the linker component is preferably a peptide component.
- Preferred linker components are 1-30 amino acid residues, preferably 1 ⁇ 15 is a peptide of amino acid residue.
- One example of a linker is -Gly-Gly-linker.
- the linker component may include a flexible spacer amino acid sequence.
- the linker component for example, Huston, JS, et al., PNAS 85: 5879-5883 (1988), Whitlow, M., et al., Protein Engineering 6: 989-995 (1993), and Newton, DL, et al., Biochemistry 35: 545-553 (1996).
- the target sequence may be any as long as the analyte binds or acts to change the three-dimensional structure of the indicator.
- a protease site can be used as the target sequence.
- caspase 3 is used as the protease
- DEVD can be used as the amino acid sequence of the target sequence.
- the fluorescent indicator may include a localization sequence. Depending on the localization sequence, the indicator is delivered to a specific site within the cell by fusing with a suitable intracellular organelle targeting signal or localization host protein.
- a polynucleotide encoding a localization sequence or signal sequence can be ligated or fused to the 5, terminus of the polynucleotide encoding the fluorescent indicator, resulting in a signal polypeptide resulting in a fusion polynucleotide or polypeptide. It can be located at the amino terminus of the peptide.
- signal peptides are thought to have the function of transporting fusion polypeptides via the endoplasmic reticulum.
- the secreted protein is then transported to the Golgi apparatus, to the secretory vesicles and extracellular space, and preferably to the external environment.
- the signal peptide that can be used in the present invention may be a pre-peptide containing a protease recognition site.
- the localization sequence may be a nuclear localization sequence, an endoplasmic reticulum localization sequence, a peroxosome localization sequence, a mitochondrial localization sequence, or a localization protein.
- the localization sequence may be, for example, the target sequence described in Protein Targeting, Chapter 35, Stryer, L., Biochemistry (4th ed.)-WH Freeman, 1995.
- the localization sequence may be a localization protein.
- the localization sequence include a sequence targeting the nucleus (KKKRK) (SEQ ID NO: 32), Sequence targeting tochondria (amino terminal is MLRTSSLFTRRVQPSLFR ILRLQST-) (SEQ ID NO: 33), sequence targeting ER (KDEL (SEQ ID NO: 34), C-terminal) (Signal sequence is N-terminal Present), a sequence that targets peroxisomes (SKF (SEQ ID NO: 35), at the C-terminus), a sequence that targets translation or insertion into the cell membrane ([CaaX] CAAX (SEQ ID NO: 36), CC (SEQ ID NO: 37), CXC (SEQ ID NO: 38), or ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 39) at the C-terminus, a sequence targeting the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane (fusion to SNAP-25), or Golgi Sequences targeting the body (fusion to furin) and the like.
- Fluorescent indicators can be produced as fusion proteins by recombinant DNA technology.
- the recombinant production of a fluorescent protein is performed by expressing a nucleic acid encoding the protein.
- Nucleic acids encoding fluorescent proteins can be obtained by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- a protein-encoding nucleic acid can be isolated by PCR of O jellyfish-derived cDNA using primers based on the DNA sequence of O jellyfish green fluorescent protein.
- Various mutants of the fluorescent protein can be prepared by site-directed mutagenesis or random mutagenesis of the nucleic acid encoding the fluorescent protein. Random mutagenesis can be performed by PCR using 0.1 mM MnCl or disrupting the nucleotide concentration balance.
- Construction of the expression vector and expression of the gene in the transfected cells can be performed according to molecular cloning techniques known to those skilled in the art. These details are described in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning-A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, (1989), as well as Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, FM Ausubel et al., Eds., (Current Protocols, A joint venture between Greene Publishing Associates, Inc. and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., most recent Supplement).
- the nucleic acid used to transfect cells with a sequence encoding the expression of the polypeptide is generally an expression vector containing an expression control sequence operably linked to the nucleotide sequence encoding the expression of the polypeptide.
- the term “nucleotide sequence encoding the expression of a polypeptide” as used herein refers to the transcription and translation of mRNA. Refers to a sequence that produces a polypeptide. For example, sequences including introns are also included.
- expression control sequence refers to a nucleic acid sequence that regulates the expression of a nucleic acid to which it is operatively linked.
- An expression control sequence is operably linked to a nucleic acid sequence when the expression control sequence controls and regulates the transcription and translation of the nucleic acid sequence.
- Expression control sequences can include suitable promoters, enhancers, transcription terminators, initiation codons (ie, ATG) before the protein coding gene, intron splicing signals, and stop codons.
- Methods well known to those skilled in the art can be used to construct expression vectors that contain the coding sequence for the fluorescent indicator and the appropriate transcriptional / translational control signals. These methods include in vitro recombinant DNA technology, synthetic technology, in vivo recombination and genetic recombination (see, for example, Maniatis et al., Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY, 1989). Technology). Transformation of a host cell with the recombinant DNA can be performed by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art. When the host cell is a prokaryotic cell, such as E.
- a DNA transfection method such as a calcium phosphate coprecipitation method, microinjection, electoporation, insertion of a ribosome or a plasmid encapsulated in a viral vector can be used.
- Eukaryotic cells can transfect together a DNA sequence encoding the fusion polypeptide of the present invention and a foreign DNA molecule encoding an appropriate phenotype such as the simple herpes thymidine kinase gene. .
- Eukaryotic cells can also be transiently infected or transformed to express proteins using eukaryotic viral vectors such as Simian Virus 40 (SV40) or Pasipapiroma Virus (Eukaryotic Viral Vectors , Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Gluzman ed., 1982 See).
- eukaryotic viral vectors such as Simian Virus 40 (SV40) or Pasipapiroma Virus (Eukaryotic Viral Vectors , Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Gluzman ed., 1982 See).
- eukaryotic host cells are used as host cells.
- Any conventional method for isolating and purifying the polypeptide of the present invention expressed in a microorganism or eukaryotic cell can be used, for example, preparative chromatography separation and immunological separation (monoclonal or monoclonal). Polyclonal antibody or antigen).
- a variety of host / expression vector systems can be used to express the sequence encoding the fluorescent indicator.
- a bacterium transformed with a recombinant pacteriophage DNA, plasmid DNA, or cosmid DNA expression vector containing a sequence encoding a fluorescent indicator a yeast transformed with a recombinant yeast expression vector containing a sequence encoding a fluorescent indicator
- Plant cells infected with a recombinant virus expression vector containing a sequence encoding a fluorescent indicator eg, cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV; tobacco mosaic virus, TMV
- recombinant plasmid expression containing a sequence encoding a fluorescent indicator Plant cells transformed with a vector (eg, Ti plasmid); an insect cell line infected with a recombinant viral expression vector (eg, baculovirus) containing a sequence encoding a fluorescent indicator; or a sequence encoding a fluorescent indicator Recombinant virus expression vector containing (E.g., retro
- transcription and translation elements eg, constitutive or inducible promoters, transcription enhancer elements, transcription terminators, etc.
- inducible promoters such as pacteriophage, plac, ptrp, pL of ptac (ptrp-lac hybrid promoter) can be used.
- a promoter derived from the genome of the mammalian cell eg, meta-oral thionine promoter
- a promoter derived from a mammalian virus eg, retrovirus long terminal repeat; adenovirus late
- vaccinia virus 7.5K promoter e.g, retrovirus long terminal repeat; adenovirus late promoter
- Insertion sequences encoding fluorescent indicators can also be transcribed using recombinant DNA or promoters produced by synthetic techniques.
- a number of expression vectors may be advantageously selected depending upon the use intended for the fluorescent indicator being expressed. For example, when producing a large amount of a fluorescent indicator, a vector that directs high-level expression of a fusion protein product that is easily purified is desirable. It is preferably processed to include a cleavage site that assists recovery of the fluorescent indicator. In yeast, a number of vectors containing constitutive or inducible promoters can be used. For example, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Vol. 2, Ed. Ausubel, et al., Greene Publish. Assoc. & Wiley Interscience, Ch.
- a constitutive yeast motor such as ADH or LEU2 or an inducible motor such as GAL can be used (Cloning in Yeast, Ch. 3, R. Rothstein In: DNA Cloning Vol. 11, A Practical Approach, Ed. DM Glover, IRL Press, Wash., DC, 1986) 0
- a vector that promotes the integration of foreign DNA into the yeast chromosome can be used.
- a promoter When a plant expression vector is used, expression of the sequence encoding the fluorescent indicator can be promoted by a promoter.
- a vinoless promoter such as the 35S RNA and 19S RNA promoters of CaMV (Brisson, et al., Nature 310: 511-514, 1984), or a coat protein promoter for TMV (Takamatsu, et al., EMBO J. 6: 307-311, 1987) can be used.
- a small subunit of RUBISC0 Coruzzi, Et al., 1984, EMBO J.
- the fluorescent indicator can be expressed using an insect system.
- foreign genes can be expressed using Autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) as a vector. This virus grows on Spodoptera frugiperda cells.
- a sequence encoding a fluorescent indicator is cloned into a non-essential region of the virus (eg, a polyhedrosis gene) and placed under the control of the AcNPV promoter. If the sequence encoding the fluorescent indicator is inserted correctly, the polyhedrosis disease gene will be inactivated and an unobstructed recombinant virus will be produced.
- viruses can be used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda cells and express the inserted gene in the cells (see, eg, Smith, et al., J. Viol. 46: 584, 1983; and US Pat. 4, 215, 051).
- eukaryotic cell systems preferably mammalian cell expression systems
- eukaryotic cells that have the cellular machinery for proper processing of the primary transcript, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and secretion of the gene product are used as host cells for expression of the fluorescent indicator.
- host cell strains include, but are not limited to, CH0, VER0, BHK, HeLa, C0S MDCK, Jurkat, HEK-293, and WI38.
- Mammalian cell lines that direct expression using recombinant viruses or viral elements can be constructed.
- the sequence encoding the fluorescent indicator can be ligated to an adenovirus transcription / translation control complex (eg, the late promoter and three leader sequences).
- This chimeric gene can be inserted into the adenovirus genome by in vitro or in vivo recombination. Insertion into a non-essential region of the viral genome (eg, the E1 or E3 region) results in a recombinant virus that is viable in the infected host and capable of expressing a fluorescent indicator (eg, Logan & Shenk, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 3655-3659, 1984).
- a fluorescent indicator eg, Logan & Shenk, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 3655-3659, 1984.
- the vaccinia virus 7.5K promoter can be used (eg, Mackett, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79: 7415-7419, 1982; Mackett, et al., J. Virol. 49: 857-864, 1984; Panicali, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 4927-4931, 1982). It is also possible to use vectors based on sipapilloma virus, which have the ability to replicate as extrachromosomal elements (Sarver, et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 1: 486, 1981).
- the plasmid replicates about 100-200 copies per cell. Transcription of the inserted cDNA does not require the plasmid to integrate into the host chromosome, which will produce high levels of expression.
- One of these vectors can be used for stable expression by including a selectable marker such as the neo gene in the plasmid.
- the retroviral genome can be modified and used as a vector capable of inducing and directing the expression of a fluorescent indicator gene in host cells (Cone & Mulligan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 6349-6353, 1984). High levels of expression can be achieved by using inducible promoters such as the metallotionin promoter and heat shock promoter.
- the host cell is prepared using appropriate expression control elements (eg, promoters, enhancers, sequences, transcription terminators). And a polyadenylation site) and a fluorescent indicator cDNA regulated by a selectable marker.
- appropriate expression control elements eg, promoters, enhancers, sequences, transcription terminators.
- a polyadenylation site e.g., promoters, enhancers, sequences, transcription terminators.
- a fluorescent indicator cDNA regulated by a selectable marker.
- the selection technique in the recombinant plasmid confers resistance to selection, allowing cells to stably integrate the plasmid into the chromosome, grow and form a colony, which can be cloned and established as a cell line.
- the recombinant cells can be allowed to grow for 1-2 days in a rich medium, and then switched to a selective medium.
- a number of selection systems can be used, including, for example, simple hereditary kinase (Wigler, et al., Cell, 11: 223, 1977), hypoxanthine'guanine phospholiposinole transferase (Szybalska & Szybalski, Natl. Acad. Sci.
- adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (Lowy, et al., Cell, 22: 817, 1980) gene, respectively, in tk-, hgprt- or aprt cells. Can be used.
- dhfr Wang, et al., Pro Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77: 3567, 1980; 0 'Hare, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, which confers antimetabolites resistance to methotrexate resistance. , 8: 1527, 1981
- gpt (Mulligan & Berg, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- trpB which allows cells to use indole instead of tryptophan
- hisD Hardtman & Mulligan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, which allows cells to use histinol instead of histidine
- 0DC ornithine decarboxylase; (McConlogue L., In: Current Communications) which confers resistance to the orditin decarboxylase inhibitor 2- (difluoromethyl) -DL-orditin. in Molecular Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, ed., 1987).
- the DNA sequence encoding the fluorescent indicator polypeptide of the present invention may be any suitable host cell. Can be expressed in vitro by introducing DNA into the DNA. That is, the recombinant fluorescent protein of the present invention can be produced by expressing a nucleic acid in prokaryotic cells such as Escherichia coli or eukaryotic cells such as yeast and mammalian cells.
- the construct may include a tag to facilitate isolation of the fluorescent indicator.
- a polyhistidine tag consisting of six histidine residues can be added to the amino terminus of a fluorescent protein.
- the polyhistidine tag makes it possible to easily isolate proteins in a single operation using nickel chelate chromatography.
- the fluorescent indicator of the present invention is a fusion protein produced by recombinant DNA technology.
- the single polypeptide includes a donor component, a peptide linker component, and an receptor component.
- the donor component can be located amino-terminal to the acceptor component in the polypeptide.
- Such fusion proteins usually have the following structure: (Amino Terminus) Donor Fluorescent Molecular Component—Peptide Linker Component—Acceptor Fluorescent Molecular Component (Carpoxy Terminus).
- the donor component may be located carboxy-terminal to the receptor component in the fusion protein.
- Such fusion proteins usually have the following structure: (amino-terminal) receptor fluorescent molecular component-peptide linker component-donor fluorescent molecular component (carboxy-terminal).
- the present invention also includes a fusion protein containing a kamino-like amino acid sequence at the amino terminal and / or carboxy terminal (for example, a polyhistidine tag).
- Fluorescent indicators encoded by the recombinant nucleic acids include sequences encoding the expression of a donor fluorescent molecular component, an acceptor fluorescent molecular component, and a peptide linker component. Each component is selected such that upon expression of the fusion protein, the donor and receptor components exhibit FRET upon excitation of the donor component.
- the recombinant nucleic acid can be incorporated into an expression vector that contains an expression control sequence operably linked to the recombinant nucleic acid.
- Expression vectors can be configured to function in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by including appropriate promoters, replication sequences, markers, and the like. The expression vector can be transfected into a host cell for expression of the recombinant nucleic acid.
- Host cells can be used to purify fluorescent indicator fusion proteins. Can be selected for bell expression. E. coli is useful for this purpose. Alternatively, the host cells can be other prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
- the linker peptide can be selected to include an amino acid sequence that is recognized by a protease.
- the cells may be cultured cells or cells in vivo.
- pRSET B / Venus (Nagai, T. et al. (2002) Nature Biotecnology 20, 87-90) as type ⁇ , 5 -attggatcccatggtgagcaagggcgagg-3 (Rosie IJ 440), 5 '-catgcatgcgggcggcggtcacgaactc-3' ( Tori self (J number 4 1) PCR was performed using PCR, and the PCR product was cut with restriction enzymes fe! I and Sphl. PRSET B / YC2. 12 (Nagai, T. et al.
- Escherichia coli was transformed using pRSET B / W-cameleon or pRSET B / W-SCAT, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 15 hours on an LB plate containing 50 ⁇ g / ml ampicillin. A single colony was picked up, placed in a test tube containing 20 ml of LB medium containing 50 / zg / ml of ampicillin, and cultured at 200 rpm at room temperature for 4 days. After the culture, E. coli was recovered by centrifugation and dissolved in 10 ml of PBS (-). After disrupting the cells using a French press, the insoluble fraction was removed by centrifugation. 800-/-1 Ni-NTA agarose (QIAGEN) was added to the supernatant, mixed by inversion at room temperature for 1 hour, and the protein was purified according to the attached protocol.
- QIAGEN Ni-NTA agarose
- the W-camleon solution obtained above was dissolved in 1 ml of a measurement solution (50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 100 ⁇ EGTA or 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 100 ⁇ EGTA, ImM CaCl 2 ). The dilution ratio was 1/10000. 2 ⁇ l of the W-SCAT solution obtained above diluted 10 times and active caspase3 (CPP32, MBL) lUnit were added to a reaction buffer (20 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), lOOmM NaCl, ImM EDTA, lOmM DTT, 10% sucrose) and 20 ⁇ l, 37. The reaction was performed at C for 2 hours.
- a conformational change induced by a ligand can be monitored by FRET.
- the fluorescent indicator of the present invention can be produced in situ by introducing a gene into a cell or a living body, a large amount of a soluble recombinant protein is expressed and purified, purified and labeled in vitro, and microinjected into a cell. There is no need to return. Further, the fluorescent indicator of the present invention can target a cell structure.
- the conventional method using various fluorescent indicators using FRET which uses fluorescent substances with different colors (sv)
- uses a wide range of wavelengths for one FRET observation so that fluorescent dyes of other colors are used. Simultaneous observation with is restricted.
- the wavelength range used for FRET observation can be narrowed, and thus it is suitable for multicolor imaging. For example, if FRET imaging is performed based on CFP, YFP, and RFP based on fluorescence anisotropy, three events can be monitored simultaneously in one cell.
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US10/538,772 US20060275822A1 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2003-12-10 | Fluorescent indicator using fret |
EP03778776A EP1571448A4 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2003-12-10 | FLUORESCENT INDICATOR USING FRET |
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JP2002357768A JP4214206B2 (ja) | 2002-12-10 | 2002-12-10 | Fretを利用した蛍光指示薬 |
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Cited By (2)
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WO2006083382A2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-08-10 | Vanderbilt University | Measuring forster resonance energy transfer with polarized and depolarized light |
WO2007018315A1 (ja) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-15 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | タンパク質と他の分子との相互作用を検出するためのタンパク質プローブ |
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JP4803976B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-09 | 2011-10-26 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 細胞内ip3測定用分子センサー |
EP1767635B1 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2013-07-31 | Riken | Fluorescent protein |
FR2872287B1 (fr) * | 2004-06-28 | 2007-03-16 | Cis Bio Internat Sa | Procede d'amelioration de la detection des signaux de fluorescence lors d'un transfert d'energie non radiatif |
JP4557685B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-15 | 2010-10-06 | 独立行政法人理化学研究所 | 蛍光蛋白質 |
EP1866443A4 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2009-04-08 | Blueshift Biotechnologies Inc | SCREENING USING POLARIZATION ANISOTROPY IN FREIGHT EMISSIONS |
JP2007049943A (ja) * | 2005-08-18 | 2007-03-01 | Kyoto Univ | 細胞内カルシウムイオン指示機能を有するポリペプチド |
ATE555387T1 (de) * | 2005-10-12 | 2012-05-15 | Allergan Inc | Tests der molekularen oder subzellulären nähe unter verwendung von depolarisierung nach resonanzenergietransfer (daret) |
US8180421B2 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2012-05-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Resonance energy transfer based detection of nosocomial infection |
CN103228669B (zh) | 2010-09-27 | 2016-02-24 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 基于荧光共振能量转移的原理的单分子型fret生物传感器接头 |
JP6393260B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-06 | 2018-09-19 | イノベーティブ テクノロジーズ イン バイオロジカル システムズ エセ.エレ. | 蛍光融合ポリペプチド、該ポリペプチドを含むバイオセンサー及びそれらの使用 |
US10899804B2 (en) | 2016-03-10 | 2021-01-26 | Osaka University | Fluorescent protein |
EP3276005B1 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2019-01-09 | Miltenyi Biotec GmbH | Composition and method for affecting the binding of antigen-binding polypeptides to antigens |
US11099177B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2021-08-24 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Protein kinase allostery sensor and methods of making and using same |
US20210181181A1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2021-06-17 | The Regents Of The University Of Colorado, A Body Corporate | Synthetic Fluorescent Protein Biosensors and Use Thereof in Drug Screening Methods |
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WO2000073437A1 (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-12-07 | Merck Frosst Canada & Co. | Assays for caspase activity using green fluorescent proteins |
JP2002153279A (ja) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | Okazaki National Research Institutes | 緑色蛍光蛋白質の蛍光特性を制御することが可能なバイオセンサー蛋白質の作成方法、および前記方法により作成されるバイオセンサー蛋白質 |
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US5998204A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1999-12-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Fluorescent protein sensors for detection of analytes |
JP2002253261A (ja) * | 2001-03-05 | 2002-09-10 | Inst Of Physical & Chemical Res | 蛍光タンパク質 |
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WO2000073437A1 (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-12-07 | Merck Frosst Canada & Co. | Assays for caspase activity using green fluorescent proteins |
JP2002153279A (ja) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | Okazaki National Research Institutes | 緑色蛍光蛋白質の蛍光特性を制御することが可能なバイオセンサー蛋白質の作成方法、および前記方法により作成されるバイオセンサー蛋白質 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006083382A2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-08-10 | Vanderbilt University | Measuring forster resonance energy transfer with polarized and depolarized light |
WO2006083382A3 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-12-07 | Univ Vanderbilt | Measuring forster resonance energy transfer with polarized and depolarized light |
US8031338B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2011-10-04 | Vanderbilt University | Measuring Forster resonance energy transfer with polarized and depolarized light |
WO2007018315A1 (ja) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-15 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | タンパク質と他の分子との相互作用を検出するためのタンパク質プローブ |
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JP4214206B2 (ja) | 2009-01-28 |
JP2004187544A (ja) | 2004-07-08 |
EP1571448A1 (en) | 2005-09-07 |
US20060275822A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
EP1571448A4 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
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