WO2004044492A1 - Procede et dispositif de traitement integre de dechets par fusion plasmique - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de traitement integre de dechets par fusion plasmique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004044492A1
WO2004044492A1 PCT/EP2002/012768 EP0212768W WO2004044492A1 WO 2004044492 A1 WO2004044492 A1 WO 2004044492A1 EP 0212768 W EP0212768 W EP 0212768W WO 2004044492 A1 WO2004044492 A1 WO 2004044492A1
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Prior art keywords
slag
plasma
gas
metal
wastes
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PCT/EP2002/012768
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English (en)
Inventor
Ricardo Blach Vizoso
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David Systems Technology, S.L.
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Priority to AU2002358010A priority Critical patent/AU2002358010A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2002/012768 priority patent/WO2004044492A1/fr
Publication of WO2004044492A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004044492A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/154—Pushing devices, e.g. pistons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50206—Pelletising waste before combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55006—Measuring material flow rates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the processes and apparatuses for high-temperature conversion of the solid wastes into environmentaliy neutral commercial products and for resources recovery. More particularly, invention relates to the integrated systems "plasma reactor-melter", wherein a high-temperature impact of metal melt and slag in one part of integrated device and plasma impact in other part of ones result in reliable, high specific productive, complete or near complete gasification of the organic components of wastes and melting of their metal and mineral constituents.
  • solid wastes is referred to all types of wastes, including that are not sorted by size and chemical composition:
  • Syn-gas synthetic gas
  • FC electrochemical fuel cells
  • GT gas turbines
  • ICE Internal Combustion Engines
  • FC electrochemical fuel cells
  • GT gas turbines
  • ICE Internal Combustion Engines
  • chemically stable mineral slag in form of granules, fibres, etc. for the roads building, thermal insulation of buildings and other applications (pavement materials, water-permeable materials, gardening materials, ecologically-neutral cement, etc); 3) low-grade metal or metal alloys for subsequent treatment in metallurgy.
  • Oxygen-containing gas mixture is supplied via lances under the gas/melt surface and into bricks pile zone;
  • Some of the disadvantages of the "Thermoselect Process” are the following: 1 ) limited operational temperature in reaction zone - low specific (per volume of gasification zone) productivity. Maximal temperature in gasification zone can not be higher the theoretical thermodynamic limit - Adiabatic Isochoric Complete Combustion Temperature (AICCT), which does not exceed 2100 °K for majority of the gas and liquid hydrocarbon fuels under air combustion conditions. Mentioned inherent temperature constraint precludes to attain a high specific productivity of gasification process;
  • AICCT Adiabatic Isochoric Complete Combustion Temperature
  • the solid wastes are charged into integrated "plasma reactor-melter" system above gas/slag interface, movement of the solid waste pieces thorough gasification zone is driven by gravity, waste pile is formed at surface of gas/slag interface, heating of slag/metal bath is performed by plasma, generated by graphite electrodes, and joule heat in slag/melt volume, oxygen-containing gas is supplied under the oxygen-deficit conditions (so called partial oxidation), syn-gas, liquid slag and melted metal are released from system.
  • Method is realized at integrated high temperature device, which comprises a common heat-resistant body, waste charging means, melted slag/metal bath in lower part of integrated system, plasma generator with plurality of the graphite electrodes ("arc plasma furnace”) in upper part of unit, joule heater with another plurality of graphite electrodes (“electric melter”) in lower part of unit, the means for oxygen supply, and the means for syn-gas, liquid slag and metal release.
  • Independent control over each plurality of electrodes permits to vary a level and location of thermal energy input and, hence, make it possible to change temperature both in gas-plasma phase and in slag/metal bath within wide range. Flexibility of plasma-based energy input control and management provides technical capabilities for tuning of "plasma-melt” gasifiers according to chemical composition of solid wastes and their total power scaling-up.
  • the selected prototype of "plasma-melt” system provides higher (in comparison with "Thermoselect” process) quality of combustible syn-gas, suitable for energy effective utilization in gas turbines, electrochemical fuel cells and internal combustion engines.
  • the selected prototype demonstrate the benefits of using "plasma-melt” gasification in comparison with “thermal-melt” gasification - higher operational temperature, capability to tune operational regime parameters, to provide conversion of solid wastes into useful gas with enriched content of the combustible gases (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and into stable, non- leachable solid products at a single location, and scaling-up total power of integrated unit.
  • Thermal conductivity coefficient for air is ( ⁇ a i r ⁇ 0.04 W/( ⁇ K)) much lower then thermal conductivity coefficient of liquid slag/metal melt phase ( ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ t * 1.3 + 15 W/(m K)); c) limited length of gasification zone for given operational temperature - incomplete gasification of the small size pyrolized particles.
  • the small size (less then 1 mm) pyrolized particles (carbon soot, dusts, fine oil drops, tars, etc.), formed in the brick pile gazification zone, are carried out by ascending stream of syn-gas. Their residence time for given operational temperature can be insufficient for complete gasification. In this case the syngas contains a lot of impurities, which require additional resources for their removal.
  • a secondary gasification zone is introduced into the delay chamber above the gasification bed (see, U.S. Pat.
  • Method is based on treatment of the solid wastes in high temperature molten slag/metal bath and high temperature plasma jets with a supply of the wastes and the oxygen-containing gases under gas/slag interface in integrated "plasma-melt" device.
  • a device which contains a cooled common body of high temperature gasification reactor, a cooled channel for wastes charging, an electrodeless plasmatrons for water steam plasma jets generation, the near- or super-sonic lances for oxygen- and/or steam-containing gas blowing off a molten slag/metal bath, the devices for release of syn-gas, molten metal and molten slag.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the basic stages of proposed method according to this invention.
  • FIG.2 is a schematic drawing of a general view of proposed device according to this invention.
  • FIG.3 is a schematic drawing of a horizontal cross-section view of the plasma jets arrangement according to this invention.
  • FIG.4 is a schematic drawing of a horizontal cross-section view of the oxygen- and/or steam-containing gas lances arrangement according to this invention.
  • FIG.1 illustrates a flowsheet of the basic consequent-parallel stages of proposed method in accordance with the present invention:
  • FIG.2 a general view of device in accordance with the present invention is shown.
  • Device comprises:
  • FIG.3 a layout of the electrodless plasmatron outlet cross-sections and the directions of plasma jets movements are shown for horizontal cross- section A-A from FIG.1.
  • FIG.4 a layout of the gas lance sections and the directions of supersonic gas jets are shown for horizontal cross-section B-B from FIG.1.
  • metal melt As metal can be used an iron (preferably) or other metal or metallic alloy, which dissolves carbon in molten state;
  • high temperature (2500 - 5000 °C) plasma is generated by an electrodeless plasmatrons, for example - by the High Frequency or MicroWave discharges. Plasma is generated in form of the plasma jets. An intensity (flowrate) and the thermochemical parameters of plasma jet can be managed both in space and time. Shown peculiarity of proposed method is absent in prototype, where plasma arc has the fixed (for given geometry of device) thermochemical parameters, a fixed location and does not form a macroscopic convective movement of plasma.
  • the plasmatrons carry out two functions: (1 ) generate chemically active radicals, ions and excited neutral particles. These particles provide higher (in comparison with gas phase) rate of the pyrolysis and gasification chemical reactions; (2) form convective movement of the plasma jets.
  • a convective movement of plasma in direction opposite to direction of ascending syn-gas increases a residence time of fine particles (soots, tars, aerosols, etc.) in high-temperature zone of the intensive plasma- and gas- phase chemical reactions. Mentioned feature of plasma jets according to invention increases chemical quality of syn-gas (reduce ratio of the ungasified particles) and is absent in propotype of invention.
  • Electrodesless plasma generators permit to attain the forth and fifth technical goals of proposed invention. Absence of the electrodes does not influence on temperature of plasma (it can be varied within requested temperature range - as well as in prototype) and permits to exclude the problems of electrode erosion/damage and their influence on energy balance and chemical composition of plasma. Using proposed invention it is possible to increase an un-interrupted time of plasmatron operation and exclude necessity to exchange the electrodes.
  • waste charging channel is cooled, preferably by water.
  • the second and third mentioned features of proposed invention permit to charge the waste bricks directly into molten metal under compulsory conditions and with controlled rate.
  • High value of thermal conductivity of melt (10-100 times higher then in gas phase) permits to speed-up a waste brick heating up, hence to accelerate a pyrolysis rate and facilitate attaining of the first goal - to increase overall rate of gasification.
  • Controlled manner of brick before its splitting into the smaller pieces due to chemical pyrolysis and thermal stresses minimizes the fluctuations of chemical composition of syn-gas and enhance stability of waste treatment unit operation.
  • each lance forms near- or super-sonic oxygen jet, which provides active missing up of melt, but does not "punch” slag/melt bath (gaseous jet core does not go out at gas/slag interface) and does not contact with the internal surfaces of high-temperature reactor body.
  • Fourth distinguished feature of proposed method serve also for attaining the first goal - to increase overall waste treatment rate via intensification of the heat and mass transfer processes in the molten slag and metal phases.
  • Both the large-scale convective flow, induced by oxygen jets, and small-scale mixing, caused by the gaseous products of pyrolysis (carbon monoxide, metahe, hydrogen, etc.) provide more intensive heat- and mass transfer within melt phase in comparison with prototype.
  • Middle zone consists mainly of slag-gas emulsion
  • each waste piece passes through four high-temperature zones, where the intensive chemical reactions occur, - in metal melt, in slag melt, in plasma, in gas. Presence of the plasma jets, waste and oxygen supply under metal melt surface provide a regular, consecutive gasification of wastes in the four high- temperature zones.
  • cooling of proposed integrated system is performed by forced circulation of coolant, preferably water, along system of the easily exchangeable tubes, separated by the insets made of refractory material, preferably aluminum oxytrinitride (so called "cold crucible” technology).
  • coolant preferably water
  • insets made of refractory material preferably aluminum oxytrinitride
  • High thermal loads at internal surface of integrated device from plasma and melt phase result in accelerated degradation of the ordinary refractory ceramic materials.
  • the "cold crucible” principle was proposed earlier for plasma- chemical and nuclear applications. In proposed invention this principle is used for the new applications - waste treatment and resources recovery.
  • Using of a forced cooling of internal surface of integrated device provide solution of attaining of a sixth objective - to increase thermal and construction resistance against high-temperature impact of plasma and melt.
  • FIG.2 Schematic representation of proposed device for technical implementation of proposed method is shown at FIG.2, 3, and 4.
  • Device contains a common water-cooled body (“cold crucible") 1 , waste charging unit 2 with press 3 for waste briquetting, pusher 4 for horizontal movement of the bricks toward charging channel, water-cooled charging channel 6 for vertical supply of the bricks under surface 8 of a molten slag/metal phase interface (in absence of oxygen blowing), electrodeless plasmatrons 9, located above surface 7 of a gas/slag phase interface (in absence of oxygen blowing), oxygen lances 10, syn-gas discharge channel 1 1 , molten metal sink channel 1 1 with valve 13 and inductive heater 14, channel 15 for casting of molten slag, molten slag treatment vessel 16, molten slag sink channel 17 with valve 18 and inductive heater 19.
  • a pure oxygen or oxygen-containing and or/water steam gas mixture can be used in order to perform partial oxidation of the carbon-containing component of wastes.
  • a gas mixture for slag/metal bath blowing off can contain a water steam. Presence of water steam in gas mixture for blowing results in hydrogen enrichment of syn-gas due to steam conversion reactions, for example - C+H 2 O -» CO + H, . Endothermal nature of mentioned reactions permits to manage of temperature during treatment of the wastes with high content for energy (for example, used automobile tires).
  • Proposed location of the outlet cross sections of the nozzles and spatial orientation of the lances for blowing provide more intensive (in comparison with prototype, where the special technical means for heat and mass transfer intensification in molten slag/metal phase are absent) horizontal mixing of metal and slag melt.
  • a one lance is necessary for mentioned effect implementation.
  • the multiply lances for example, three lances are preferable for provision of the uniform (over entire slag/metal volume) conditions for pyrolysis, gasification and melting (see FIG.1 cross section BB). Simultaneous operation of the lances provides a large scale flow of melt in direction, for example, counter clockwise.
  • the axes of all lances are arranged in horizontal plane and are directed along the sides of equilateral triangle, inscribed into circle horizontal cross section of internal surface of cooled, common body,
  • a blowing intensity in lance system is regulated in such a manner, that mass flowrate of each lance is wavy varied and the flowrate oscillations in the different adjacent lances have phase shift 2 ⁇ /n , where n is a number of lances, located in the edges of polygon.
  • a phase shift is 2 ⁇ 3 in accordance to proposed invention.
  • a slag/melt bath blowing is performed by near- or super-sonic gas jets.
  • the lance axes are located at distance no less then nine nozzle diameter (at outlet cross section) from said bottom layer.
  • V m is a total mass flowrate (kg/sec) via one lance
  • h is a length of triangle side for preferred embodiment
  • w g is gas velocity (m/sec) at exit cross section of nozzle.
  • Proposed location of the outlet cross sections of the plasmatrons and spatial orientation of the plasma jets provide more intensive (in comparison with prototype, where the special technical means for heat and mass transfer intensification in gas-plasma phase are absent) breaking up and turbulisation of the ascending syn-gas flows with the small particles (soots, tars or aerosols) unreacted in the metal and slag zones. Breaking up and turbulization of syngas flow is necessary for increasing of residence time of small particles in zone of intensive plasmo- and gas-phase reactions. At least, a one electrodeless generator of plasma jet (plasmatron) is necessary for mentioned effect implementation.
  • the multiply plasmatrons for example, three electrodeless plasmatons (see FIG.1 cross section AA) are preferable to increase surface of ascending gas flows treatment by plasma jets and to provide uniform (over total gas-plasma volume) conditions for running of the gas- and plasma pyrolysis and gasification processes. Simultaneous operation of the three plasmatrons should provide a circular convective flow of plasma-gas mixtures in direction opposite to swirling direction of slag-melt bath, for example, clockwise.
  • the all exit cross sections of the plasmatrons are arranged (in projection on horizontal plane) at the edges of equilateral triangle, embedded into circle. Axis of each plasmatron is arranged so, that the angle between plasma jet movement and horizontal slag surface will be in range between 60 and 90 degree.
  • Proposed device operates in the following way:
  • Unsorted waste is loaded into charging unit 2, where bricks are formed by the press 3. Shaped brick of waste is moved by pusher 4 towards vertical charging channel 6. Pusher 5 move said brick and the previously charged bricks along charging channel down into metal melt zone with velocity, defined by operator.
  • Brick supply is performed with an operator-defined speed, which provides a complete or near complete dissolution of the carbon-containing components, a melting of the mineral and metal components in the said metal melt and permits to avoid early floating up of the large pieces of waste at slag melt surface.
  • Velocity of waste bricks supply is controlled so, that mass fraction of carbon in metal melt will be not more then a carbon dissolution limit in molten metal.
  • Any metal or metal alloy, whose liquid phase dissolves carbon can be used in proposed method.
  • a preferable metal is iron, and mass fraction of carbon, dissolved in iron, should not exceed three per cent.
  • the fine (with size lesser then 1 mm) particles of soot, tar or aerosol, formed in slag zone, are catched up by ascending flow of syn-gas and move into plasma-phase zone.
  • a tertiary gasification occurs and the main role is played by the plasmachemical reactions with participation of the radicals and ions.
  • Fourth gas-phase gasification takes place in upper part of proposed device.
  • a high (about 1000 °C) temperature is maintained and residence time of the submicron particles is enough for total or nearly total reactions of partial oxidation ( 2CH 4 + 3O, ⁇ 2CO + 4H 2 O ) or shift ( C + H 2 O ⁇ CO + H 2 ).
  • a mineral slag is decanting via channel 15 into vessel 16, where slag homogenization and, upon necessity, special treatment occur.
  • a valve 18 Upon operator command, a valve 18 is opened and a slag is released via sink channel 17, heated by heater 19. Molten slag treatment into commercial products (granules, fibres, etc.) is made in appropriate device, which were not shown at figures of proposed invention.
  • a valve 13 Upon operator command, a valve 13 is opened and a molten metal is released via sink channel 12, heated by heater 14. Molten metal is released into special container for transportation and subsequent treatment. Appropriate treatment of metal (freezing, blending, etc.) takes place in devices, which do not shown at figures of proposed invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de traitement par fusion plasmique de déchets solides et d'éléments de recyclage consistant à chauffer au plasma les scories/métal, à charger les déchets dans un réacteur-gazéificateur, à exécuter une gazéification à étapes multiples, à introduire un gaz contenant oxygène dans la zone de pyrolyse et de gazéification et à libérer le gaz synthétique, le métal en fusion et les scories obtenus du réacteur afin de continuer leur traitement. Selon ce procédé, des briques de déchet sont poussées au-dessous de la face de contact entre les scories en fusion et le métal par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit refroidi, des jets de plasma sont générés par des plasmatrons sans électrode et le gaz contenant oxygène est insufflé au-dessous de la face de contact entre scories métalliques et métal dans un sens horizontal. L'invention concerne également le dispositif associé servant à mettre ce procédé en application.
PCT/EP2002/012768 2002-11-14 2002-11-14 Procede et dispositif de traitement integre de dechets par fusion plasmique WO2004044492A1 (fr)

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AU2002358010A AU2002358010A1 (en) 2002-11-14 2002-11-14 Method and device for integrated plasma-melt treatment of wastes
PCT/EP2002/012768 WO2004044492A1 (fr) 2002-11-14 2002-11-14 Procede et dispositif de traitement integre de dechets par fusion plasmique

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WO2007012151A1 (fr) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Chavdar Angelov Angelov Procede de conversion du charbon en combustibles
WO2008130260A1 (fr) * 2007-04-18 2008-10-30 Sgc Energia Sgps, S.A. Système de raffinage déchets en hydrocarbure liquide
WO2011008069A1 (fr) * 2009-07-17 2011-01-20 Green Energy And Technology Sdn Bhd Reacteur de gazeification thermique pour produire de l'energie thermique a partir de dechets
WO2011113298A1 (fr) * 2010-03-13 2011-09-22 Zhou Kaigen Procédé, système et équipement de traitement des ordures ménagères par gazéification-liquéfaction
EP2508271A2 (fr) 2011-04-06 2012-10-10 Eko Hybres Sp. Z o.o. Procédé et dispositif de récupération des métaux, boue écologique et de l'énergie à partir d'équipement électronique usagé
US20150143809A1 (en) * 2012-05-17 2015-05-28 Jae-Hyeon Ha Environmentally friendly and high efficiency solid fuel production method using high-water-content organic waste, and combined heat and power system using same
CN107952786A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-04-24 新奥科技发展有限公司 一种固体危废的处理方法
RU187838U1 (ru) * 2018-09-24 2019-03-19 Александр Николаевич Банников Плазмохимический газогенератор
CN110396435A (zh) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-01 牛强 一种双熔浴有机固废喷吹气化装置
CN110425541A (zh) * 2019-07-26 2019-11-08 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 一种底吹纯氧增强型等离子气化熔融炉

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CN115591911B (zh) * 2022-10-12 2024-05-28 昆明理工大学 一种废轮胎全量资源化的处理方法

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007012151A1 (fr) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Chavdar Angelov Angelov Procede de conversion du charbon en combustibles
WO2008130260A1 (fr) * 2007-04-18 2008-10-30 Sgc Energia Sgps, S.A. Système de raffinage déchets en hydrocarbure liquide
US9568189B2 (en) 2009-07-17 2017-02-14 Green Energy And Technology Sdn Bhd Thermal gasification reactor for producing heat energy from waste
WO2011008069A1 (fr) * 2009-07-17 2011-01-20 Green Energy And Technology Sdn Bhd Reacteur de gazeification thermique pour produire de l'energie thermique a partir de dechets
WO2011113298A1 (fr) * 2010-03-13 2011-09-22 Zhou Kaigen Procédé, système et équipement de traitement des ordures ménagères par gazéification-liquéfaction
US8969422B2 (en) 2010-03-13 2015-03-03 Quzhou City Guangyuan Domestic Garbage Liquefy Technology Institute Method, system and equipment for gasification-liquefaction disposal of municipal solid waste
EP2508271A2 (fr) 2011-04-06 2012-10-10 Eko Hybres Sp. Z o.o. Procédé et dispositif de récupération des métaux, boue écologique et de l'énergie à partir d'équipement électronique usagé
US20150143809A1 (en) * 2012-05-17 2015-05-28 Jae-Hyeon Ha Environmentally friendly and high efficiency solid fuel production method using high-water-content organic waste, and combined heat and power system using same
CN107952786A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-04-24 新奥科技发展有限公司 一种固体危废的处理方法
RU187838U1 (ru) * 2018-09-24 2019-03-19 Александр Николаевич Банников Плазмохимический газогенератор
CN110425541A (zh) * 2019-07-26 2019-11-08 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 一种底吹纯氧增强型等离子气化熔融炉
CN110396435A (zh) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-01 牛强 一种双熔浴有机固废喷吹气化装置
EP3808830A4 (fr) * 2019-09-03 2021-10-06 Niu, Qiang Dispositif de gazéification par soufflage de déchets solides organiques dans un bain double fusion
JP7128892B2 (ja) 2019-09-03 2022-08-31 強 牛 ２つの溶融浴を用いた有機固体廃棄物吹き込みガス化装置
US11795407B2 (en) 2019-09-03 2023-10-24 Qiang Niu Gasifier for organic solid waste by injection into molten iron and slag bath

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