WO2004038105A1

WO2004038105A1 - Block for forming leading passage, and panel member and frame for constructing wall body with leading passage

Info

Publication number: WO2004038105A1
Application number: PCT/JP2003/013555
Authority: WO
Inventors: Takayuki Otsuki; Shuji Nomura
Original assignee: Landes Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2002-10-25
Filing date: 2003-10-23
Publication date: 2004-05-06
Also published as: AU2003275617A1; JPWO2004038105A1; DE10393582T5; JP4190534B2; KR20050052543A

Abstract

A block for forming a leading passage, characterized by having a ridge line, a recess line or a step on the front face of the block, so that, when a plural number of the blocks are used to form a continuous leading passage by piling up the blocks, the ridge line, recess line or step of each of the blocks continues between the blocks of which end portions are adjacent to each other. The ridge lines, recess lines or steps may be arranged in different directions in blocks of upper steps and blocks of lower steps so as to form the leading passage by uncoursed masonry. The leading passage may have a flat portion on an end portion of or the center of the front face of the blocks. A slope passage completed on a wall body face makes it possible that amphibians such as frogs and newts, and even insects such as larvae of fireflies, moves from water to land and in the opposite direction.

Description

Guideway forming block, panel material and formwork provided with guideway for wall construction

Technical field

The present invention provides a guideway-forming block that enables small animals to move and regenerate the habitat of living creatures by forming passages that form gentle slopes in walls such as retaining walls and seawalls. Panel material that forms a taxiway by sticking and fixing to the front surface of a wall, and a formwork that forms a taxiway on the front surface of the wall when used during construction of the wall

Background art

Blocks of various structures have been proposed to solve the situation where the walls of concrete structures hinder the movement of small animals and destroy the habitat. For example, in order to guide escape of small animals that have fallen into narrow waterways, blocks with inclined walls that function as guideways to the ground surface by being partially connected to arbitrary locations outside the U-shaped gutter (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-32097), a block in which a step-like or rough-shaped ramp is formed when installed along one or both inner wall surfaces of a general waterway block (Japan) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-250012), an escape slope formed on the main body of a waterway block (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-26569), integrally formed in a U-shaped gutter. A slope with an escape slope formed from the landing on the outside bulge (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-544383).

In the case of a channel with a narrow width and not so deep from the ground surface, such as a gutter or a narrow channel, an opening is provided in a part of the side wall of the block to form an escape guideway, or a continuous block is provided. This can be handled by incorporating a block equipped with a taxiway into a part of the block that is to be installed in a temporary manner. However, it is almost impossible to install such conventional blocks on walls such as side walls and retaining walls in streams, rivers, coasts, roads, etc. If not possible.

In other words, these walls are generally formed high by stacking a large number of blocks by laying or valley stacking. There were many. In addition, the front part of the wall was finished as a whole in a smooth state, and the lower block and the upper block were completely separated, so that small animals crawled up from the bottom, and conversely, water from the land. It was extremely difficult to move to.

Furthermore, in the case of a gutter or a narrow waterway, it is possible to reach the landing where the taxiway is connected and the landing of the taxiway while small animals are being washed away with the water. In the case of a wall that is customary, it is almost a miracle that small animals can reach a place that can be a taxiway, such as a cut-out that has been left unconstructed or a boundary with the shore.

Furthermore, regardless of the newly constructed wall, there was no means to enable small animals to move on the completed existing wall, and concrete was directly cast at the construction site using a formwork It is necessary to correspond to the wall construction method to be performed.

Therefore, in the present invention, when a wall is formed by stacking using a large number of blocks, a taxiway (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a "slope") that enables small animals to escape and other movements is substantially continuous. A first object is to provide a guideway forming block that can be formed in a state where the guideway is formed.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a panel material capable of forming a small animal escape guideway (slope) in a substantially continuous state by sticking and fixing to a front surface of a completed existing wall body, A third object is to provide a formwork that can easily form a taxiway when used when newly installing a wall.

The aim is to comprehensively regenerate the environment in which living things can live by forming a multi-natural wall surface, taking into account vegetation as well as creating taxiways. Disclosure of the invention

In the guideway forming block according to the present invention, in order to form a continuous guideway by stacking a plurality of blocks on the front surface (decorative surface) of the wall, ridges, recesses, or steps are formed at the ends thereof. Is provided at a continuous position between adjacent blocks. The taxiway referred to here is a path provided so that organisms can move from the bottom to the top of the wall or vice versa. Also included are those that are flat or curved in the middle so as to have a substantially horizontal flat portion (stage) connected to the taxiway at the front end or middle. The guideway is preferably formed as a vertical surface on the front of the block, but may be formed as an inclined surface. Further, blocks may be provided in the upper block and the lower block in which ridges are provided in different directions, and valleys may be formed so that the guide paths are formed substantially continuously. The wall body according to the present invention may be a vertical retaining wall, an oblique retaining wall, a retaining wall such as a leaning retaining wall, and not only a so-called retaining wall but also a small river side. It also includes walls and the like.

In addition, the term “adjacent” as used herein means adjacent vertically or horizontally or diagonally. In detail, a ridge, a ridge, or a step is provided in the upper block and the lower block in different directions to form a taxiway by valley stacking. Guideway forming block having a flat part in the middle or middle part, i.e., a guideway formed so that the guideway rises from both sides of the flat part obliquely downward, or rises diagonally upward from both sides of the flat part Block is preferred. Flats provide the creatures with a place to rest and give them the opportunity to change direction and choice of ascending or descending. For creatures that live on the shore, the taxiway communicates up and down, thereby securing a sloping shore that can move freely on the wall regardless of fluctuations in the water level, and is always habitable for ecology. Environment is maintained.

In such a guideway forming block, a cavity is provided on the back side of the front plate on which the guideway is formed, and a communication hole is provided in the front plate. By doing so, it has water permeability and can protect organisms from drying. In addition, since it functions effectively as a base for vegetation, it is a preferable mode of providing living space for living things. In order to use a block with raised ridges in different directions in the upper block and the lower block, and to use it to lay valleys so as to form a taxiway, the taxiway formation block consists of a front plate and a notch It is preferable to use a baffle buckle.

It is more preferable that the guideway is provided with a non-slip surface or a groove or a hole for providing a vegetation function in the guideway or in the vicinity of the guideway. Furthermore, it is also preferable to spray a layer imparting vegetation function on the decorative surface of the block or to integrally mold the layer. ^ The layer imparting vegetation function may be made of organic material such as porous concrete or wood flour, carbonaceous material, etc. It is a solidified layer of materials suitable for vegetation.

In the guideway forming block according to the present invention, the block constituting the wall is formed such that the top surface portion of the upper portion of the front surface of the block is formed as a gentle downward slope, and when a plurality of blocks are stacked in a multi-stage manner. Was formed so that the gentle downward slope becomes a ramp that continues upward and downward over a plurality of blocks. Here, the ramp is synonymous with the taxiway.

The shape of each block is not limited as long as the top surface of the block front can be formed as a gentle downward slope, but a more specific shape is that the front of the block has a substantially flat hexagonal shape that is long in the horizontal direction. It is possible to adopt one with a gentle descending slope with a flat stage located in the center and connected to the left and right sides. In addition, the front of the block has an isosceles triangle shape, and a gentle downward slope is provided on the top surface of the two isosceles, or a protrusion that stands upright at a position behind the front of the block. The top part of the part is formed as a gentle descending slope, and when a plurality of blocks are stacked in multiple stages, the gentle descending slope extends over a plurality of blocks while passing through the top part at the top of the block front. An inclined road that is continuous in the vertical direction may be employed. If the front of the block is in the shape of an isosceles triangle, the blocks will be arranged in the horizontal direction, with the vertical direction of the blocks being reversed in order. The gentle descending slope, that is, the surface of the ramp, may be formed in an uneven or rough surface in consideration of the movement of small animals. Specifically, the point that various anti-slip processes can be adopted, such as arranging small projections and small depressions on the surface regularly or irregularly, forming the surface in small steps, etc. This is the same as the above guideway forming block.

When the front surface of the block is almost vertical, when blocks are stacked in multiple layers, the blocks located above the lower block are shifted in the rearward direction and arranged in a stepwise fashion, so that individual blocks are arranged. The gentle downward slope formed at the bottom can be continued. On the other hand, when the blocks need to be stacked vertically in a multi-stage manner, the upper part of the front face of the block having a gentle descending slope can be formed so as to protrude forward from the lower part of the block front without the gentle descending slope.

Irrespective of the method of stacking blocks, if the tops and bottoms of the blocks are formed with corresponding connections between the blocks to be stacked, the construction will be speeded up and fall-out will be prevented. In particular, when the blocks are constructed in a stepwise manner, the positioning of the blocks located in the upper stage when the blocks are shifted in the rear direction becomes easy. Examples of the connection portion include a combination of a protrusion and a corresponding recessed portion or fitting hole, a connection method using a pin, a method using a separate connection member, and the like.

In the guideway forming block according to the present invention, a vegetation is formed by providing a cavity between the front surface of the block and the rear back portion, and forming an opening communicating with the cavity portion on the front surface or the upper surface of the block. It is possible to realize a multi-natural type wall body capable of performing the above. In particular, when the blocks are installed in steps, the upper surface of the lower block will be exposed, so the vegetation will be formed by the soil and sand that is exposed through the openings (through holes) formed in the upper surface. If the front face of the block is formed in a panel shape so that the opening communicating with the cavity is exposed, natural vegetation can also be achieved from the earth and sand that has been trapped.

The guideway forming block according to the present invention as described above is generally manufactured as an integrally molded product made of concrete, including the rear back portion, Metal nets or fiber nets are used in whole or in part, such as a concrete U-shaped wire mesh extending from the front of a block-shaped block made of concrete to the back to the back, and as a whole box-shaped Is also included.

Further, in the present invention, as a concrete panel material adhered and fixed to the front surface of the completed wall, a ridge, a concave portion or a step is provided on the front surface side. A panel material is formed in which a guide path having a gentle slope is formed in which the ends of the ridges and the like are continuous between adjacent panels and are substantially continuous in a vertical direction. The significance of the taxiway here and the fact that various non-slip processes can be applied to the surface of the taxiway are the same as the previous guideway block.

On the other hand, when constructing a concrete wall by casting in place, the formwork is provided with ridges, recesses or steps on the side where the concrete is cast, and when the wall is completed, On the front surface, a guide path on which a gently sloped surface on which the ridges and the like are continuous in a substantially vertical direction is formed by transfer is used. In this case also, the escape taxiway formed on the front of the completed concrete wall after removing the formwork ensures the movement of small animals. The formwork may be a dedicated formwork including ridges or the like for the transfer formation of the taxiway, or a foam port used for mounting on the concrete casting surface of a conventional plywood or metal formwork. It may be a lightweight transfer mold made of metal or the like.

In addition, as a so-called abandoned formwork, a backing is provided on the concrete casting surface side, while a ridge, a concave portion or a step is provided on the front side, and when the wall is completed, the wall is On the front surface, there may be used one in which the ridges and the like are formed as a guide path having a gentle slope that is substantially continuous in the vertical direction. In such a discarded formwork, scaffolding is not required, and when piled up and installed, concrete is poured, and the advantage is that a structure integrated with the poured concrete by the spine while the formwork is used as a decorative surface can be obtained. Yes, the escape taxiway formed in front of the completed retaining wall will ensure the movement of small animals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a retaining wall constructed by a guideway forming block according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same block, FIG. 3 is a front view of the same block, and FIG. Fig. 4 is a side view of the same block.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another example of the retaining wall constructed by the guideway forming block according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the same block.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing still another example of the guideway forming block according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of a retaining wall constructed by using another block, FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing one of the blocks constituting the retaining wall, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another block constituting the retaining wall.

Fig. 11 is a front view of a retaining wall showing an example in which a taxiway is formed by two types of blocks, and Fig. 12 is a front view of one of the blocks used for the retaining wall. Is a side view of the block, and FIG. 14 is a bottom view of the block.

FIG. 15 is a front view of another block used for the retaining wall in FIG. 11, and FIG. 16 is a side view of the block.

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the main part of the retaining wall, showing how amphibians such as lances are moving on the taxiway.

FIG. 18 is a side view showing still another example of the guideway forming block according to the present invention.

Fig. 19 is a front view of a retaining wall in which the ridges are formed so that the ends do not reach both ends of the block to form a taxiway, and Fig. 20 is a front view of the retaining wall. A plan view of the guideway forming block used, Fig. 21 is a side view of the block, and Fig. 22 is a perspective view of a main part showing a state where a force ell is moving on the guideway on the retaining wall. It is.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of another example in which a guide path is formed on the front surface of the block.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of still another example in which a guideway is formed on the front surface of the block. FIG. 25 is a front view showing another example of the guideway forming block according to the present invention, FIG. 26 is a plan view of the block, FIG. 27 is a right side view of the block, FIG. Is a cross-sectional view of the block taken along line X-X, and Fig. 29 is a construction drawing of the block.

FIG. 30 is a plan side perspective view showing still another example of the guideway forming block according to the present invention, FIG. 31 is a bottom side perspective view of the same block, and FIG. 32 is a construction drawing of the same block. · Oh.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view showing another example of the guideway forming block according to the present invention. FIG. 34 is a perspective view showing an example of a construction state in which the blocks are stacked in multiple stages. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another construction state in which the blocks are stacked in multiple stages.

FIG. 36 is a front view (a) and a right side view (b) showing still another example of the guideway forming block according to the present invention. FIG. It is a perspective view showing an example.

FIG. 38 is a front view (a), a right side view (b), and an XX cross-sectional view of an example in which another mode is adopted as a connecting portion in the block shown in FIG. Fig. 39 is a perspective view showing the construction state of the block.

FIG. 40 is a perspective view showing a state where the construction is performed using a block of still another example. FIG. 41 is a perspective view showing an example of a panel material according to the present invention, and FIG. 42 is a perspective view of an example in which the panel material is attached and fixed to the front surface of an existing wall.

FIG. 43 is a perspective view showing another example of the panel material according to the present invention, and FIG. 44 is a perspective view of an example in which the panel material is attached and fixed to the front surface of an existing wall. FIG. 45 is a perspective view showing an example of a panel main body provided with a large number of hollow portions.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the guideway forming blocks shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the guideways la, which are formed in a substantially X-shape on the front surface (decorative surface) of the box-shaped main body block, lb is provided. A first flat portion is provided in the middle of the front surface of the block, and a convex portion 3 formed below the first flat portion 2 and a concave portion 4 formed above the first flat portion 2 form guideways la and lb in three dimensions. Will be formed. That is, the taxiways la and la, which rise diagonally upward so that they merge toward the first flat part 2 from both sides of the lowermost edge of the block, pass through the first flat part 2 to both sides of the uppermost edge of the block. The taxiway diverges to form a taxiway lb, lb that rises obliquely and forms a continuous taxiway la, lb. The convex portion 3 on the front of the block has a smaller width than the lowermost edge of the front of the block and is provided with a small width. When this is configured, a second flat portion 5 serving as a passage for living things is formed between the upper block and the lower block. The second flat portion 5 also forms a part of the taxiway (slope).

In the example of the guideway forming block shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a first flat portion 2 is provided in the center of the uppermost edge of the front surface of the block. The taxiways lb, lb branch from the first flat portion 2 to the left and right and extend obliquely downward, and then reach the second flat portions 5, 5 provided on both edges of the block. Guideways la, la that descend obliquely from the second flat portions 5, 5 toward the center of the lowermost edge of the block are extended. When the guideway forming blocks are stacked in multiple stages, the guideways la and la of the upper block are connected to the first flat portion 2 of the lower block.

In the guideway forming block of this example, recesses 7, 7 are formed in the front wall between the box-shaped main body and the recessed space so that communication holes can be formed inside and outside the block when the upper and lower blocks are stacked. A horizontal hole 8 is provided and provides a living space for living things. The lateral hole 8 can be formed as a depression, or can be formed as a through hole communicating with the internal space of the box-shaped main body.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a guideway forming block of another example, but the basic shape of this block is similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 described above. The taxiways la and la rise obliquely from both ends of the lowermost edge of the block and are located at the first flat portion 2 located in the center of the block. The taxiways lb, lb branching from the first flat portion 2 are merged and then extend obliquely to both ends of the top edge of the block. That is, the guide paths la and lb are continuously formed in a substantially X-shape in a front view via the first flat portion 2.

Non-slip irregularities 9 are formed on the taxiways la, lb and the first flat part 2, and vegetation that enables the growth of plants by sedimentation or filling along the taxiways la, lb. Grooves 10 that function are formed. Further, a recess 7 is provided in the front wall so that a communication hole is formed inside and outside the block when the upper and lower blocks are stacked. A water hole 12 for allowing water to flow from the back is formed in the back surface 扳 11 of the box-shaped block, and a communication hole for the adjacent block is formed in the side plate 13 and the beam 14. 15 are drilled. Further, a reinforcement arrangement hole 16 is provided in the vertical direction of the block.

A single track is provided on the surface of each block so that the guideway formed on the completed retaining wall is continuous between adjacent blocks, and a continuous state is formed by stacking a plurality of blocks. May be. An example of the guideway forming block thus formed is shown in Fig. 8 and below. FIGS. 8 to 10 show an example of the guideway forming block shown in FIG. 9, in which the single guideway 1 is provided diagonally from the lower left to the upper right on the front of the block, and the The provided flat part 17 can be seen. In the guideway forming block shown in FIG. 10, the single guideway 1 is provided diagonally from the lower right to the upper left so as to be symmetric with the block in the example of FIG. The flat portion 17 in each block is connected to the single taxiway 1 by stacking the upper blocks.

Fig. 11 and below show an example in which a taxiway is formed with a pile of piles. As shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, the main block body has a structure including a front plate 18 and a retaining portion 19. Both the front plate 18 and the retaining portion 19 can be provided with through holes or hollow. By forming a ridge on the front surface of such a block, a taxiway is formed by valley stacking. Illustrated In the example, two types of blocks are provided in the upper block and the lower block, in which the ridges are provided in different directions, and these are used as appropriate to form a continuous guideway by valley stacking. FIGS. 12 to 14 show one of the blocks, in which a ridge 20 a is formed at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the front plate 18. FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 show another intermediate block, in which a ridge 20b is formed at the center of the front plate 18 in the longitudinal direction. In each block, both ends of the ridges 20a and 20b are reinforced by inclined ribs. Fig. 17 shows how amphibians, such as lances, are moving along the taxiway. The reinforcing ribs of the ridges 20a and 20b may be formed with a small cross-sectional area as shown in Fig. 18 to facilitate the movement of small animals.

Taxiways may also be provided somewhat intermittently. Fig. 19 and Fig. 22 show examples. In these examples, the ridge 21 is formed at the center in the longitudinal direction of the block, and the end of the ridge 21 does not reach both ends of the block. Fig. 22 shows how the force is moving along the taxiway. As shown in the figure, the slope forming the ridge 21 is formed as an uneven slip surface 23. Also, in order to allow the plants to thrive, ridges 21 and planting holes 22 are formed at appropriate places on the slope.

Another embodiment in which a substantially continuous guideway is formed on the front surface of the block is shown in FIGS. 23 and 24. FIG. The formation of a substantially continuous taxiway 1 consisting of a ramp and a flat portion is based on the regular repetition of a plurality of convex portions, the lower portion of which is on the lower side than the upper portion. If these are formed in a pseudo-stone state as shown in Fig. 24, it will be more landscape-friendly.

FIG. 25 is a front view showing another example of the guideway forming block according to the present invention, FIG. 26 is a plan view of the block, FIG. 27 is a right side view of the block, FIG. Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the block taken along line X-X. Fig. 29 is a construction drawing of the block. In the guideway forming block shown in these figures, the block front R 1 (decorative surface) is long and flat in the left-right direction and has a substantially hexagonal shape, and the top portion of the block front R 1 upper part descends. It is formed as a gentle slope R11. That is, before the panel-shaped block A gentle downward slope Rll is secured by using the thickness of the surface R1. More specifically, the uppermost portion of the block is a flat stage portion R12, and the stage portion R12 is located in the center in the left-right direction. Each of the slopes has a downward slope Rll. It is desirable that the surfaces of these left and right gentle slopes R11, R11 and the surface of the stage portion R12 are formed in a concave-convex shape or a rough surface shape.

The front side (decorative side) of the block front R 1 is provided with a pseudo-stone pattern that mimics natural stone in consideration of the scenery when the revetment is set up. In addition, openings R13a, R13b, and R13c with irregular shapes are formed so as not to damage the pseudo stone pattern. Each of these openings R13a, R13b, R13c communicates with each of the hollow portions R3a, R3b, R3c between the block back back portion R2. As shown in Fig. 28, of the three cavities, the left and right cavities R3b and R3c have no bottom plate and penetrate from the top to the bottom to ensure water permeability. R3a has a bottom plate R5, and water permeability is secured by a small drainage hole R31 having a mortar-shaped cross section formed at the center thereof. The reason why the bottom plate R5 is provided in the central hollow portion R3a is to secure the stability when stacking a plurality of blocks and also secure the strength of the blocks themselves, as described later.

In the guideway forming block of this example, the block front surface R1 is configured to be substantially vertical, so when stacking in multiple stages, as shown in FIG. 29, the block located in the lower stage It is installed in a stair-like manner while shifting the block located on the upper level from the rear. At the left and right ends of each block, ribs R4, R connecting the block front R1 and the block rear recess R2 are provided with concave portions R41, R41 serving as connecting portions on the upper surface. By fitting the bottom surface portion of the upper block front surface R 1 adjacent to the block, the two blocks are prevented from shifting. On the front wall of the retaining wall and revetment formed by stacking blocks in this way, the lower gentle slope R11 and the stage part R12 are alternately continuous in a vertical or diagonal manner over a plurality of blocks. An inclined road is formed. Crushed stones and earth and sand are loaded into the cavity portions R3a, R3b, and R3c of the block, but depending on the angle of inclination of the formed retaining wall, etc., the upper block may be located one layer behind the lower block. Therefore, more effective vegetation can be achieved from the upper surface of the exposed block cavities R3a, R3b, and R3c. The openings R13a, R13b, and R13c on the front face R1 of the block can serve as a home for small animals traveling on a ramp, or as fish nests when immersed in water.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view showing another example of the guideway forming block according to the present invention, and FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the same block as viewed upside down. In the block in this example, the block front surface S1 has an isosceles triangular shape, and the top surface portion located on the block front side on the two inclined isosceles forms a gentle downward slope S11, S11. You. The block front S 1 and the block back recess S 2 of the same shape are connected by three ribs S 4, S 4, S 4, and a cavity is formed between the block front S 1 and the blog back recess S 2. The opening between the ribs S4, S4, S is communicated with the cavity S3. Although not shown, the block front surface S1 may be provided with a concavo-convex pattern imitating natural stone, or may be provided with an opening communicating with the cavity S3, similarly to the block of the previous example.

FIG. 32 is a construction drawing showing a state in which the blocks of the examples of FIGS. 30 and 31 are stacked in multiple stages. In the block of the present example, the first stage is formed by being alternately arranged horizontally while reversing the vertical direction, and the second stage is similarly arranged horizontally by alternately reversing the vertical direction. By forming and repeating this, multi-tiered retaining walls etc. are completed. The point that the second stage is shifted from the first stage to the back side and stacked in a stepwise manner is the same as the construction example in Fig. 29 above, but in this example, as shown in the figure, the same A block with two equal sides facing down on a step is displaced so as to lay down on the back side, so that the gentle descending slopes Sll and S11 of the block arranged with two equal sides facing upward are exposed. I am doing it. As a result, in a block arranged such that two equal sides face downward, the bottom portion of the front surface S1 of the block becomes a flat stage S12, and the gentle downward slope S11 is slanted in the vertical direction while passing through the stage S12. In other words, a continuous ramp is formed in a zigzag pattern. In the figure, the portion where the lattice pattern is displayed is the cavity S3 in which crushed stones, earth and sand, etc. are packed, so that the earth and sand etc. in the cavity S3 located on the back side from the stage S12 are exposed. Vegetation can be achieved from the exposed earth and sand by shifting the block and stacking.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view showing still another example of the guideway forming block according to the present invention. In the block of this example, a substantially mountain-shaped projection T5 is provided at a substantially intermediate position between the block front T1 having a horizontally rectangular shape as viewed from the front and a block backrest T2 having the same shape. I have. The projecting portion T5 has a considerable thickness, and by utilizing this thickness, the top surface of the projecting portion T5 is used as the stage portion T12, and from the stage portion T12 to the left and right ends of the block. The slopes following this are defined as gentle slopes Til, T11. In this way, between the projection T5 and the block front T1, which are erected upward at the position of the block front T1 and the back, and between the projection T5 and the block rear recess T2. The space is divided into two parts by a central rib T4, and the cavities T3a and T3b communicate vertically.

FIG. 34 is a perspective view showing an example of a construction state in which the blocks of the example shown in FIG. 33 are stacked in multiple stages. In this construction example, the next block is placed on the back side of the protrusion T5 of the block located at the lower level, that is, on the back-retaining portion T2, thereby forming a step-like retaining wall. As shown in the figure, the height of the stage T12 provided at the top of the protrusion T5 is set to exactly twice the height of the front T1 of the block. , The top part of the stage T12 of the lower block and the front T1 of the block in the upper block are continuous, and as a result, the gentle slope descending from the top of the front T1 of the block in the lower block After the stage section T12 via T11, the professional in the upper block A continuous ramp is formed to the top surface of the front surface Tl of the vehicle. In the block of this example, the cavities T3a and T3b indicated by the lattice pattern in the figure will be filled with crushed stones and earth and sand, and vegetation will be achieved.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view showing another construction state in which the blocks of the example shown in FIG. 33 are stacked in multiple stages. In the previous construction example, the blocks stacked in multiple stages were set at the same position in the upper and lower stages, but in this construction example, the blocks located in the lower stage were stacked while shifting the block position in the left and right direction for each stage. The blocks located in the upper tier are arranged stepwise while being shifted in the back direction. As a result, the distance to the stage part T12 via the gentle descending slope T11 of the block located at the lower level, and to the gentle descending slope T11 via the top surface of the block front face T1 of the block located at the upper level is earlier. In the completed retaining wall, it is easier to reach the gentle descending slope T11 in the next block from the gentle descending slope T11 in the next block, and move up and down in the completed retaining wall. It is thought that the movement of the small animal becomes smoother.

FIG. 36 is a front view (a) ′ and a right side view (b) showing still another example of the guideway forming block according to the present invention. Also in the block of this example, gentle downward slopes U11 and U11 are provided in the left and right directions with the flat stage portion U12 as a center in the upper top surface portion of the block front surface U1 having a substantially horizontal hexagonal shape when viewed from the front. The block of the previous example differs from the previous example in that the upper part of the front face U1 of the block having these gentle downward slopes Ull and U11 is formed so as to protrude forward from the lower part of the block front face U1 having no gentle downward slope. are doing. In addition, there is no cavity between the block front surface U1 and the block rear recess U2, and instead, a connecting portion U41 that is convex on the top surface side of the block and concave on the bottom surface side of the block is provided. There is also a difference in the provisions from the block of the previous example.

Unlike the example block described previously, the block of this example forms a retaining wall by stacking it on a vertical or steep slope instead of stacking it stepwise. Used when That is, FIG. 37 is a perspective view showing a construction state of the blocks of the present example. As shown in the figure, the blocks are continuously stacked so that the connecting portions U41 of the blocks fit vertically. An anchor U5 is stretched between the block backrest U2 and the installation slope, and while the blocks are fixed by the anchor U5, each block is stacked in multiple stages and the backside is formed. Material will be injected. When the stacked blocks are completed as a retaining wall, the gentle downward slope U11 at the top of the block front U1 protruding from the wall and the stage U12 are continuous, and the completed retaining wall is bent vertically or diagonally or in a zigzag direction. A ramp-shaped ramp is formed.

When the blocks of this example are stacked in the vertical direction, the gentle downward slope U11 and the stage section U12 both slope slightly diagonally downward. It is desirable to apply. In order to more effectively prevent the small animal from sliding down, it is preferable to form the gentle downward slope U11 and the stage U12 into a groove-shaped concave surface.

FIG. 38 is a front view (a), a right side view (b), and an XX cross-sectional view (c) of an example in which another mode is adopted as the connecting portion in the block of FIG. In the block of this example, a fitting groove U42 is employed as a connecting portion, and fitting grooves U42 are formed in the upper portion and the lower portion on the back side of the block, and on the left and right portions. FIG. 39 is a perspective view showing a construction state of the block. As shown in the figure, when stacking the blocks in multiple stages, the blocks are connected and fixed by fitting the connecting plate U6 so as to straddle the fitting groove U42 of the adjacent block. An anchor U5 is stretched from the back side of the connecting plate U6 to the installation slope, and the backfill material is injected after each block is piled up while being fixed by this anchor U5 Will be. The notch U43 seen in the fitting groove U42 in the upper part of the block is provided for fitting the anchor U5.

The retaining wall formed by stacking many blocks in this way is When the filling material is injected and completed, as in the previous example, the downward gentle slope U11 at the top of the block front U1 that protrudes forward from the wall and the stage U12 are continuous, and the entire retaining wall is vertically oriented. A diagonal or zigzag continuous ramp is formed.

FIG. 40 is a perspective view showing a state where construction is performed using a block of still another example. The block of this example is also provided with gentle slopes VII and VII descending in the left and right directions centering on the flat stage V12 at the upper top of the front VI of the block, which has a substantially horizontal hexagonal shape when viewed from the front. The point that the upper part of the front face V1 of the block provided with the gentle slopes VII and VII is formed so as to project more forward than the lower part of the front face V1 of the block without the gentle slope is the block shown in Fig. 36 above. Same as, except that the entire block is formed longer in the direction of the rear back portion, and that a cavity V3 having an open upper surface and a rear surface is provided. As shown by a lattice pattern in the figure, when a plurality of blocks are stacked in multiple stages while crushed stones, earth and sand, etc. are stuffed inside the hollow portion V3, the stage portion V12 together with the front end portion of the hollow portion V3. And the gradually descending slopes VII and VII protrude forward from the wall surface, and the stage section V12 and the gradually descending slopes VII and VII are continuous, so that the entire retaining wall is inclined up and down or in a zigzag manner along the entire retaining wall. Is formed.

FIG. 41 is a perspective view showing an example of the panel material according to the present invention. The panel material in the illustrated example is one in which a single protruding ridge P2 is erected at the center in the long side direction on the front surface of a horizontally long rectangular panel body P1A. At the left and right ends of the ridge P2, inclined ribs P3, P3 are extended to hold the ridge P2. The ridge P2 and the inclined ribs P3, P3 at both ends are extended. The portion between P3 is a recess P4. On the other hand, the rear surface of the panel body PIA is usually formed as a flat surface without projections, but may be depressed while leaving a peripheral portion to reduce the weight of the panel material.

FIG. 42 shows an example in which such a panel material is attached and fixed to the front of an existing wall. Regarding the existing wall front W, whether it is smooth or rough, It doesn't matter much. The point is that it is only necessary that the wall be capable of sticking and fixing the panel material, and the sticking is performed by appropriately selecting and using various fixing means such as an adhesive and an anchor. In the example shown in the figure, a combination of the panel material shown in Fig. 40 and a panel material slightly shorter than the same panel material is used to combine a plurality of panel materials in three steps from near the lower end to the upper end of the existing wall front surface W. It is fixed continuously while being divided into groups. Of course, it may be fixed continuously as a perfect straight line without grouping. Also, in this example, the retaining wall of the river is assumed as the existing wall, and the panel material is attached from a position slightly below the lower end of the front W of the existing wall in consideration of the water surface position. It goes without saying that the lowermost end of the front wall W of the wall may be used as a starting point.

As shown in the figure, the end portions of the ridges P 2 of each panel material are interposed between the adjacent panel materials through the inclined ribs P 3 and P 3 by the panel materials adhered obliquely and continuously. Guidance paths are formed so that they are continuous with each other and form an inclined surface that is continuous in the vertical direction at the front wall W of the existing wall. The recessed part P4, which is located above the ridge P2 between the inclined ribs P3, P3, is a resting place for small animals moving on the taxiway. Vegetation is also planned.

FIG. 43 is a perspective view showing another example of the panel material according to the present invention. Although it has a more complicated shape than the panel material of the example shown in FIG. 41, it has a flat shape provided in the center of the upper end on the front side of the panel body P 1 B, which is also substantially rectangular. A first step P5, P5 inclined downward in the left-right direction via the stage P8, and a second step P6, P6 inclined downward from the opposite ends to the center of the lower end, respectively, are provided. ing. Then, between the first steps P5, P5 and the second steps P6, P6, through holes P7, P7 having a horizontally long triangular shape are formed. These pores P7 and P7 are sometimes homes for small animals.

Fig. 44 shows an example where such panel material is attached and fixed to the front of the existing wall. As shown in the figure, the panel bodies P 1 B are attached and fixed so as to be stacked in the vertical direction. A guiding path that forms a continuous gentle slope from the end to the upper end is formed.

That is, the taxiway starting from the second step P 6, P 6 in the panel body P 1 B located at the lowest level continues to the first step P 5, P 5, Following the second step P6, P6 in the panel body P1B located at the upper level, passing through the stage section P8, the panel body P1 located at the uppermost level in a zigzag manner is formed. It continues to B.

In Fig. 44, the panel body P1C stuck and fixed on the right side has an uneven pattern like a pseudo stone on the entire front side of the panel body P1B stuck and fixed on the left side. Things. As a result, the surface of the completed taxiway is formed to have an uneven or rough surface as a result of the unevenness pattern being applied to the entire front side, thereby preventing small animals moving down the taxiway from slipping off.

By providing one or more cavities in such a panel material, rich vegetation can be realized when attached and fixed to the front of the existing wall. FIG. 45 is a perspective view showing an example of a panel body provided with a number of hollow portions. The first steps P5, P5, P1B and P1C have the basic shape. 5 and the second step P6, P6, and an example in which a plurality of hollow portions P9 are provided between the stage portion P8 and the back plate P10. Also in the panel body P 1 D of this example, the first steps P 5 and P 5, the second steps P 6 and P 6, and the stage section P are similar to the panel bodies P 1 B and P 1 C of the previous example. Numerals 8 serve as taxiways for small animals, respectively.By being filled with sand and crushed stone in cavity P 9, rooted plants also function as hiding places for small animals, and panel body p 1 D When fixed to submerged parts, gaps such as crushed stones also become fish homes.

The panel materials described above are used by attaching and fixing them to the front of the existing wall.However, when constructing a new wall by casting concrete on site, concrete Use a formwork provided with ridges, recesses or steps on the installation side. For example, an individual transfer form corresponding to the panel material shown in FIG. When this is installed and fixed to the formwork to be installed on the front of the wall to be newly constructed, the concrete is poured and the wall is completed, as shown in Fig. 42. Such a guide path having a gentle slope in which ridges and the like are substantially continuous in the vertical direction on the front surface of the wall body is transferred and formed.

If an individual transfer form corresponding to the panel material shown in Fig. 43 is formed and properly fixed to the formwork that is also installed for the construction of the new front wall, concrete will be obtained. When the wall is completed by installation, a guideway is formed, as shown in Fig. 44, on the front of the wall, which forms a gentle slope with ridges and the like continuing in the vertical direction. That is. In particular, if the guideway formation part on the transfer surface is formed in an uneven or rough surface, the front surface of the completed wall will be as shown on the right side of Fig. 44, preventing slipping of small animals that move. Can be

As long as the formwork is a three-dimensionally engraved ridge, recess, or step on the transfer surface that is the concrete casting surface, a synthetic resin foam such as expanded polystyrene is made of steel or wood. It is possible to use conventional general power such as sticking and fixing to a panel.

On the other hand, if a new wall is to be constructed and constructed by casting concrete at the site, and the form is to be used as a discard form as a decorative surface of the structure, an example is shown in Fig. 43. A formwork with a back line protruding from the back side of such a panel material, that is, the concrete casting surface side, is used. As the back muscle, in addition to the steel L-shaped legs and anchors used in the conventional discarded formwork, metal or fiber nets are suitably used. Alternatively, the back side of the stacked formwork may be connected with an angle material or the like. In any case, an integrated retaining wall is constructed with concrete cast on the rear side, and the front side of the completed retaining wall is convex at the front of the wall, as shown in Fig. 44. This leads to the formation of a taxiway that forms a gentle slope where the ridges and the like continue in the vertical direction. As in the case of the panel material described above, if the guideway formation part is formed in a concave or rough surface, the completed wall front is also shown on the right side of Fig. 44. As a result, it is possible to prevent small animals from sliding down. Industrial applicability

As described above, the guideway forming block according to the present invention is useful when forming a wall by stacking a plurality of cloths or valleys using a plurality of blocks. In this case as well, the taxiway (slope) can be formed in a substantially continuous state. In such a ramp, even amphibians, such as a frog and a newt, and insects, such as firefly larvae, can move from underwater to land and vice versa along the ramp. In addition, despite the presence of high walls, small animals can move along the slopes, and as a result of installation work such as retaining walls, small animal movement paths such as traditional animal roads have been cut off. In this case, a new transportation route can be secured, so that adverse effects on the habitat can be prevented.

In addition, if a taxiway formation block is provided so that the taxiway rises obliquely downward from both sides of the flat part, or rises diagonally upward from both sides of the flat part, complex guideways can be formed on the slope of the wall. Can be.

In addition, in the taxiway formation block where the top part of the front of the block is a gentle downward slope, the blocks are stacked in multiple stages, and the blocks located above the blocks located below the blocks are shifted rearward, especially By arranging them in a shape, even when the wall is formed high, it is possible to form a ramp that continues the wall in the vertical direction and facilitates the movement of small animals.

Considering vegetation, such guideway-forming blocks are a multi-natural type in which vegetation prospers from the crushed stones and earth and sand trapped in the cavity through the opening of the block and secures the habitat of living things. It is easy to form the wall of the shore, and for the creatures that live on the shore, the shore is always secured irrespective of the fluctuation of the water level of rivers, etc., and stable ecosystem conservation is achieved.

And if the panel material for wall construction provided with the taxiway according to the present invention is used, By sticking and fixing to the front part of the wall, such as a wall or seawall, the front of the wall is vertically connected in a shape and route that matches the habitat of the small animal at the site, and the movement of the small animal A taxiway can be newly established. Even if the moving path for small animals such as animal trails is cut off due to the installation of the wall, a new moving path can be secured without making major modifications to the structure simply by sticking it to the front of the wall, Regeneration of habitat can be achieved.

In addition, when the formwork for wall construction provided with the taxiway according to the present invention is used, a part of the formwork (disposable formwork in some cases) or The front surface of the wall should be continuous in the vertical direction with a shape and route suitable for the small animal's habitat at the site only when used for all, and a taxiway that enables the movement of small animals should be provided. Can be.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. In order to form a continuous taxiway by stacking a plurality of blocks, on the front surface of the block, convex ridges, concave stripes, or steps are provided at positions where the ends are continuous between adjacent blocks. Guideway forming block.

2. The guideway forming block according to claim 1, wherein the ridge, the recess, or the step is provided in a different direction between the upper block and the lower block, and the guideway is formed by valley stacking.

3. The guideway forming block according to claim 1, wherein the guideway has a flat front end portion or a middle flat portion.

4. The guideway forming block according to claim 1, wherein the guideway is provided so as to ascend diagonally downward on both sides of the flat portion or ascend diagonally upward from both sides of the flat portion.

5. The guideway forming block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the front plate having the guideway has a cavity on the back side of the front plate, and a communication hole is provided in the front plate. .

6. The guideway forming block according to claim 2, wherein the block on which the guideway is formed is in the form of a block formed of a front plate and a stay.

7. The guideway forming block according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a non-slip irregularity is formed on the guideway.

8. The guideway forming block according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a groove or a hole for providing a vegetation function is provided in or near the guideway.

9. The top part of the upper part of the block front is formed as a gentle descending slope, and when a plurality of blocks are stacked in a multi-stage manner, the gentle descending slope forms a ramp that is vertically continuous across the plurality of blocks. A guideway forming block.

10. The front of the block has a long, flat and substantially hexagonal shape in the horizontal direction, and the gentle downward slope is a flat stage part arranged in the center and connected to the left and right sides respectively. A guideway forming block according to claim 9.

11. The guideway forming block according to claim 9, wherein the front surface of the block has an isosceles triangle shape, and a gentle downward slope is provided on a top surface portion of the two equal sides.

1 2. The top surface of the protruding portion that stands upward from the front side of the block at the back of the block is formed as a gentle downward slope, and when a plurality of blocks are stacked in multiple stages, the downward movement occurs. A guideway forming block in which a gentle slope forms a slope that is vertically continuous across a plurality of blocks while passing through a top surface portion at an upper portion of the front of the block.

13. The guideway forming block according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein at least the surface of the gentle descending slope is formed in a concave or rough surface. .

1 4. The front surface of the blocks is substantially vertical, and when stacking multiple blocks, the blocks located above the blocks located below the blocks are shifted in the rearward direction and arranged in steps. A block for forming a taxiway according to any one of Items 9 to 13.

15. The claim 9, claim 10, claim 13, claim 13 or claim 1, wherein the upper part of the front face of the block having the gentle downward slope is formed so as to protrude forward from the lower part of the front face of the block without the gentle downward slope. 5. The guideway forming block according to any one of 4.

16. The ninth, tenth, thirteenth, or thirteenth claim wherein the connecting portions of the blocks stacked in a multi-stage manner are formed correspondingly on the top surface and the bottom surface of the block. 5. The guideway forming block according to any one of 4.

17. A cavities are provided between the front surface of the block and the rear back portion, and an opening communicating with the cavities is formed in the front surface or the upper surface of the block. Item 19. A guideway forming block according to any one of Items 16 to 16.

18. A concrete panel material that is stuck and fixed to the front of the completed wall, and has a ridge, recess, or step on the front side. Ends of the ridges and the like are continuous between adjacent panels, and are substantially continuous in a vertical direction. Panel material for building a wall provided with a taxiway, formed as a taxiway with a gentle slope.

19. The panel material for constructing a wall provided with a guideway according to claim 18, wherein the surface of the guideway is formed in an uneven or rough surface.

20. A formwork used for the construction of a concrete wall, which has a ridge, a depression or a step on the concrete casting surface side. A guide frame having a guide path, on which a guide path having a gentle slope in which the ridges and the like are continuous in a substantially vertical direction is formed by transfer.

21. The guideway according to claim 20, wherein the concrete casting surface corresponding to the surface of the guideway in the completed wall is formed in a concave-convex shape or a rough surface shape. Formwork for wall construction.

2 2. A formwork used for the construction of a concrete wall body, which has a backing on the concrete casting surface side, and has ridges, recesses or steps on the front side, and the wall is completed. In this case, the ridge or the like is formed as a guide path having a gentle slope that is substantially continuous in the vertical direction on the front surface of the wall.

23. The formwork for wall construction provided with a taxiway according to claim 22, wherein the surface of the taxiway is formed into an uneven or rough surface.