JPWO2004038105A1 - Taxiway forming block, panel material for building a wall with taxiway and form - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to form a continuous guide path by stacking a plurality of blocks, a ridge, a groove, or a step is provided on the front surface of the block at a position where its end is continuous between adjacent blocks. This is a block forming block. Convex ridges, concave ridges, or steps may be provided in different directions in the upper block and the lower block, and the guide path may be formed by stacking. The guide path may be provided with a flat portion at the front end or in the middle of the block. The completed ramp on the wall surface allows amphibians such as frogs and newts and insects such as firefly larvae to move from the water to the land or vice versa along the ramp.

Description

  The present invention relates to a block for forming a guideway that enables movement of a small animal and regeneration of a living environment of a living organism by forming a passage having a gentle slope in a wall body such as a retaining wall or a revetment, and a completed existing wall. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a panel material that forms a guide path by adhering and fixing to the front surface of a body, and a formwork that forms a guide path on the front surface of a wall body used when building a wall body.

In order to solve the situation where the wall surface of the concrete structure hinders the movement of small animals and destroys the habitat, various structural blocks have been proposed. For example, in order to guide escape of a small animal that has fallen into a narrow waterway, a block having an inclined wall that functions as a guideway to the ground surface by partially connecting to an arbitrary position outside the U-shaped side groove ( Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 9-32097), a block that forms a stepped or rough ramp when installed along one inner wall surface or both inner wall surfaces of a general water channel block (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 9-250121) Gazette), an escape slope formed in the waterway block block body (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-26569), and a slope for escape from the landing area of the outward bulge formed integrally in the U-shaped side groove A thing (Nippon Real 7-54383 gazette) etc. are illustrated.
In the case of a water passage that is narrow and not so deep from the ground surface, such as a gutter or a narrow water passage, an opening is provided in a part of the side wall of the block, and a block that forms an escape guide passage is connected continuously. It is possible to cope with this by incorporating a block having a guide path into a part of the block to be installed in. However, it is almost impossible to install such conventional blocks on walls such as side walls and retaining walls in streams, rivers, coasts, roads, and the like.
In other words, these wall bodies are generally formed high by stacking construction in which a large number of blocks are piled up or piled up, and not only can they be formed as vertically standing wall surfaces. There were many. In addition, because the front part of the wall body is finished in a smooth state as a whole, or the space between the lower block and the upper block is completely divided, small animals crawl up from below, or conversely from the land It was very difficult to move to.
In addition, if it is a gutter or narrow waterway, it is possible to reach the opening part where the guideway is connected and the landing part of the guideway while the small animals are flushed with water. In the case of a usual wall body, it is almost a miracle that a small animal can reach a place where it can become a guideway, such as a boundary portion between a wall body and an unfinished cutout or a shore.
Furthermore, regardless of the newly constructed wall, there was no means for enabling movement of small animals in the completed existing wall, and the concrete was directly cast using a formwork at the construction site. It is also necessary to correspond to the body construction method.
Therefore, in the present invention, when a wall body is formed by stacking using a large number of blocks, a guide path (hereinafter also simply referred to as “slope road”) that allows escape of small animals and other movements is made substantially continuous. A first object of the present invention is to provide a guide path forming block that can be formed in a closed state.
In the present invention, the second object is to provide a panel material that can be formed in a state in which the escape guideway (slope) of a small animal is made substantially continuous by sticking and fixing to the front surface of the completed existing wall body, Furthermore, a third object is to provide a formwork that can easily form a guiding path if used when a wall body is newly installed.
The purpose is to comprehensively regenerate the environment where organisms can inhabit by forming a multi-natural wall surface, taking into account vegetation as well as the creation of taxiways.

In the guide path forming block according to the present invention, the end of the ridge, the groove, or the step is formed in order to form a continuous guide path by stacking a plurality of blocks on the front surface (decorative surface) of the wall body. The structure is characterized in that it is provided at a continuous position between adjacent blocks. The guide path here means a path provided so that a living body can move from the lower side to the upper side or in the opposite direction, and it does not necessarily mean only a state where it is provided obliquely. Some of them are flattened or curved so as to have a substantially horizontal flat part (stage) connected to the guide path at the end or in the middle. The guide path is preferably formed as a vertical surface on the front surface of the block, but may be formed as an inclined surface. Furthermore, you may pile up so that a guide path may be formed substantially continuously using the block provided in the direction from which a protruding line differs in an upper stage block and a lower stage block. The wall body referred to in the present invention may be a vertical stacked retaining wall, a slanted retaining wall, a retaining wall such as a leaning retaining wall, etc. Is also included.
Moreover, adjoining here is adjoining vertically or horizontally or diagonally. Specifically, a guide line forming block in which convex stripes, concave stripes, or steps are provided in different directions in the upper block and the lower block and the guide path is formed by valley stacking, or the guide path is an end of the block front surface. Alternatively, a guideway forming block having a flat portion in the middle, that is, a guideway forming block provided so that the guideway rises obliquely from below on both sides of the flat portion or rises obliquely upward from both sides of the flat portion is preferable. . The flat provides a resting place for the organism and gives the opportunity to change or select the ascending or descending direction. For organisms that inhabit the waterside, the taxiway communicates vertically, ensuring a sloped waterfront that can move freely on the wall regardless of fluctuations in the water level, and always has a habitat suitable for ecology. Maintained.
In such a guide path forming block, a cavity is provided on the back side of the front plate on which the guide path is formed, and a communication hole is provided in the front plate, whereby the wall body is filled with stone or earth and sand. It has water permeability and can protect organisms from drying. Moreover, since it functions effectively also as a base of vegetation, it becomes a preferable aspect which gives a living space to living organisms.
In order to use the blocks where the ridges are arranged in different directions in the upper block and the lower block, and to use the blocks so as to form a taxiway, the taxiway block consists of a front plate and a holding part. The cognitive block type is preferred.
It is more preferable to form a non-slip irregularity on the guide path, or to provide a groove or hole for imparting a vegetation function near the guide path or in the vicinity of the guide path. Furthermore, it is also preferable to spray or integrally form a layer imparting a vegetation function to the decorative surface of the block. The layer imparting the vegetation function is an organic material such as porous concrete or wood powder, a carbonaceous material, and a solidified material layer suitable for vegetation.
Further, in the guide path forming block according to the present invention, the block constituting the wall body is formed such that the top surface portion of the block front upper portion is a descending gentle slope, and when a plurality of blocks are stacked in multiple stages, The descending gentle slope is formed so as to form a ramp that continues in the vertical direction across a plurality of blocks. The ramp here is the same as the taxiway mentioned above.
The shape of each block is not limited as long as the top surface at the top of the block can be formed as a gentle slope, but the more specific shape is a generally hexagonal shape that is flat and long in the horizontal direction. It is possible to adopt a structure in which a descending gentle slope is arranged in a row on the left and right sides with a flat stage portion in the center. Also, the front of the block has an isosceles triangle shape, and a descending gentle slope is provided on the top of the two equilateral sides, or a protrusion that is erected upward at a position reserved behind the front of the block The top surface portion of the block is formed as a descending gentle slope, and when a plurality of blocks are stacked in multiple stages, the descending gentle slope surface moves up and down across the plurality of blocks through the top surface portion at the top of the block front surface. It is also possible to adopt a ramp that continues in the direction. In the case where the front surface of the block has an isosceles triangle shape, the blocks are arranged in the horizontal direction while the vertical direction of the blocks is reversed in order.
The descending gentle slope, that is, the surface of the ramp, may be formed in an uneven or rough shape in consideration of the movement of small animals. Specifically, various anti-slip processes can be used, such as arranging small protrusions and small depressions on the surface regularly or irregularly, or forming the surface in a stepped shape. This is the same as the guide path forming block.
If the front of the block has a substantially vertical surface, when stacking the blocks in multiple stages, the blocks located in the upper stage are shifted in the back direction from the blocks located in the lower stage, and arranged in a step shape. The descending gentle slope formed in can be made continuous. On the other hand, when it is necessary to stack the blocks in the vertical direction, it is possible to cope with the upper part of the front surface of the block having a descending gentle slope by projecting from the lower part of the front surface of the block having no downward gentle slope.
Regardless of the method of stacking the blocks, if the connecting portions of the blocks stacked in multiple stages are formed correspondingly on the top and bottom surfaces of the blocks, the construction can be speeded up and prevented from falling off. In particular, when the block is constructed in a staircase shape, positioning when shifting the block located in the upper stage in the back direction becomes easy. Examples of the connecting portion include a combination of a protrusion, a corresponding recessed portion and a fitting hole, a connecting method using a pin, a method using a separate connecting member, and the like.
Further, in the block for forming a guideway according to the present invention, a vegetation is formed by providing a hollow portion between the front surface of the block and the rear holding portion and drilling an opening communicating with the hollow portion on the front surface or the upper surface of the block. Possible multi-natural wall can be realized. In particular, when the blocks are installed in a staircase shape, the upper top surface of the lower block is exposed, so the vegetation can be seen from the ground sand exposed from the openings (through holes) drilled in the top surface. However, if the front surface of the block is formed in a panel plate shape so that the opening communicating to the cavity is exposed, natural vegetation can be achieved from the earth and sand that has been intruded.
The guide path forming block according to the present invention as described above is generally manufactured as a single piece integrally made of concrete, including the back holding portion, but the whole or a part of the back holding portion is used. Examples include those using a metal or fiber net, for example, a substantially U-shaped wire mesh extending from the front side of the block made of concrete to the back side and having a box shape as a whole.
Furthermore, in the present invention, as a concrete panel material adhered and fixed to the front surface of the completed wall body, a ridge, a recessed portion or a step is provided on the front surface side, and when the surface is adhered and fixed to the front surface of the wall body, An end portion such as a ridge is continuous between adjacent panels, and a panel material is formed in which a guide path that forms a gentle slope that is substantially continuous in the vertical direction is formed. The significance of the taxiway here and the point that various slip prevention processes can be adopted on the surface of the taxiway are the same as those of the previous taxiway block.
On the other hand, as a formwork when building a concrete wall body by on-site placement, there are ridges, depressions or steps on the concrete placement surface side, and when the wall body is completed, the front of the wall body In the above, a guide path on which a gentle slope in which the ridges and the like are substantially continuous in the vertical direction is transferred and formed is used. Even in this case, the movement of the small animal is ensured by the escape guide path formed on the front surface of the completed concrete wall after removing the formwork. The formwork may be a dedicated formwork including ridges or the like for transfer formation of the guideway, or made of a conventional plywood or a foamed polystyrene used for mounting on a concrete placing surface of a metal formwork. A lightweight transfer mold may be used.
In addition, as a so-called abandoned formwork, it has a back on the concrete casting surface side, and has a ridge, a recessed part or a step on the front side, and when the wall is completed, the front of the wall In the above-mentioned, the above-mentioned ridges and the like are formed as a guide path that forms a gentle slope that is substantially continuous in the vertical direction. In such abandoned formwork, there is an advantage that a structure that is integrated with the cast concrete by the back line while using the formwork as a decorative surface when placing concrete after stacking a plurality of piles does not require a scaffold. The movement of the small animal is ensured by the escape guideway formed on the front surface of the completed retaining wall or the like.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a retaining wall constructed by a guide path forming block according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the block, FIG. 3 is a front view of the block, FIG. FIG. 4 is a side view of the block.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another example of the retaining wall constructed by the guide path forming block according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the block.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing still another example of the guide path forming block according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of a retaining wall constructed using another block, FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing one of the blocks constituting the retaining wall, and FIG. 10 is the same as FIG. It is the perspective view which showed the other block which comprises a retaining wall.
FIG. 11 is a front view of a retaining wall showing an example in which a guide path is formed with two types of knowledge blocks, FIG. 12 is a front view of one of the blocks used for the retaining wall, and FIG. 13 is the same block. FIG. 14 is a bottom view of the block.
FIG. 15 is another front view of the block used for the retaining wall of FIG. 11, and FIG. 16 is a side view of the block.
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the main part of the retaining wall showing a state where amphibians such as frogs are moving along the guide path.
FIG. 18 is a side view showing still another example of the guide path forming block according to the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a front view of a retaining wall of an example in which a ridge is formed so that the end portion does not reach both ends of the block to form a guide path, and FIG. 20 is used for the retaining wall. FIG. 21 is a side view of the block for forming the guide path, FIG. 21 is a side view of the block, and FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a principal part showing a frog moving along the guide path on the retaining wall.
FIG. 23 is a perspective view of another example in which a guide path is formed on the front surface of the block.
FIG. 24 is a perspective view of still another example in which a guide path is formed on the front surface of the block.
FIG. 25 is a front view showing another example of the guide path forming block according to the present invention, FIG. 26 is a plan view of the block, FIG. 27 is a right side view of the block, and FIG. 28 is a block diagram of the block. XX sectional view, FIG. 29 is a construction drawing of the block.
FIG. 30 is a plan side perspective view showing still another example of the guide path forming block according to the present invention, FIG. 31 is a bottom side perspective view of the block, and FIG. 32 is a construction drawing of the block.
FIG. 33 is a perspective view showing another example of the guide path forming block according to the present invention, FIG. 34 is a perspective view showing an example of a construction state in which the block is stacked in multiple stages, and FIG. 35 is the same block. It is a perspective view which shows the other construction state which stacked | piled up in multiple steps.
FIG. 36 is a front view (a) and a right side view (b) showing still another example of the guide path forming block according to the present invention, and FIG. 37 is a construction example in which the blocks are stacked in multiple stages. It is a perspective view shown.
FIG. 38 is a front view (a), a right side view (b) and an XX cross-sectional view of an example in which another aspect is adopted as a connecting portion in the block shown in FIG. 36, and FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the construction state of the block.
FIG. 40 is a perspective view showing a state where construction is performed using a block of still another example.
FIG. 41 is a perspective view showing an example of a panel material according to the present invention, and FIG. 42 is a perspective view of an example in which the panel material is adhered and fixed to the front surface of an existing wall body.
FIG. 43 is a perspective view showing another example of the panel material according to the present invention, and FIG. 44 is a perspective view of an example in which the panel material is adhered and fixed to the front surface of the existing wall body.
FIG. 45 is a perspective view showing an example of a panel body provided with a large number of cavities.

In order to describe the present invention in more detail, it will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the guide path forming block shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, continuous guide paths 1a and 1b are arranged so as to form a substantially X shape on the block front face (decorative face) of the box-shaped body. ing. A first flat portion 2 is provided in the middle of the front surface of the block, and the guide paths 1a and 1b are formed by a convex portion 3 formed below the first flat portion 2 and a concave portion 4 formed above. It will be formed in three dimensions. That is, the guide paths 1a and 1a that have risen obliquely upward so as to merge toward the first flat part 2 from both sides of the lowermost edge of the block branch to both sides of the uppermost edge of the block via the first flat part 2. Thus, the guiding paths 1b and 1b rise obliquely upward to form continuous guiding paths 1a and 1b.
The convex portion 3 on the front surface of the block has a smaller width than the lowermost edge of the front surface of the block and is provided with a small width. As shown in FIG. When configured, the second flat portion 5 serving as a biological passage is formed between the upper block and the lower block. The second flat portion 5 also constitutes a part of the guide path (slope).
In the guide path forming block of the example shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the first flat portion 2 is provided at the central portion of the uppermost edge of the block front surface. The guide paths 1b and 1b branch from the first flat portion 2 to the left and right and extend obliquely so as to reach the second flat portions 5 and 5 provided on both edges of the block. Guidance paths 1a and 1a that descend obliquely from the second flat portions 5 and 5 toward the center of the lowermost block edge are extended. When the guide path forming blocks are stacked in multiple stages, the guide paths 1a and 1a of the upper block are continuous with the first flat portion 2 of the lower block.
In the guide path forming block of this example, the recesses 7 and 7 are formed on the front wall so that a communication hole can be formed inside and outside the block when the upper and lower blocks are stacked between the holding space of the box-shaped main body. A lateral hole 8 is provided that is disposed and provides a living space for the living thing. The horizontal hole 8 can be formed as a depression or can be formed as a through hole communicating with the internal space of the box-type main body.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another example of the guide path forming block. The basic shape of this block is close to that shown in FIGS. The guide paths 1a and 1a rise obliquely from both ends of the lowermost block edge and merge at the first flat portion 2 located in the center of the block, and then the guide paths 1b and 1b branched from the first flat portion 2 are the uppermost block edges. It extends so as to rise diagonally to both ends. That is, the guide paths 1 a and 1 b are continuously formed in a substantially X shape in front view via the first flat portion 2.
The guide paths 1a, 1b and the first flat portion 2 are formed with non-slip irregularities 9, and vegetation that allows plants to grow along the guide paths 1a, 1b by sedimentation or filling of earth and sand. A groove 10 having a function is formed. Furthermore, the front wall is provided with a recess 7 so that a communication hole is formed inside and outside the block when the upper and lower blocks are stacked. The back plate 11 of the box-type block is provided with a water passage hole 12 that allows water to pass from the back portion, and the side plate 13 and the beam 14 have a communication hole 15 with an adjacent block. Is drilled. Further, bar arrangement holes 16 are provided in the vertical direction of the block.
Provided as a single path on the surface of each block so that the guideway formed on the completed retaining wall is continuous between adjacent blocks, and configured to form a continuous state by stacking multiple blocks Also good. An example of the guide path forming block formed as described above is shown in FIG. FIGS. 8 to 10 are examples thereof. In the guiding path forming block shown in FIG. 9, a single guiding path 1 that is provided obliquely from the lower left to the upper right on the front of the block, and the upper part thereof. The provided flat part 17 can be seen. Further, in the guide path forming block shown in FIG. 10, the single guide path 1 is provided obliquely from the lower right to the upper left so as to be symmetric with the block in the example of FIG. The flat part 17 in each block becomes a state continuous with the single guide path 1 by stacking the upper blocks.
In FIG. 11 and subsequent figures, an example is shown in which the guide path is formed by the knowledge blocks that are stacked. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the knowledge block main body has a structure including a front plate 18 and a holding portion 19. Both the front plate 18 and the holding portion 19 can be provided with through holes or hollow. By forming ridges on the front surface of the knowledge block main body, a guide path is formed by valley stacking. In the example shown in the figure, two types of blocks each provided with different ridges on the upper block and the lower block are used, and these are used as appropriate to form a continuous guide path by stacking. FIGS. 12 to 14 show one of the blocks. In this block, a ridge 20a is formed at a right angle to the longitudinal direction of the front plate 18. FIG. FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 show another wisdom block, in which a ridge 20b is formed at the center of the front plate 18 in the longitudinal direction. In any block, both ends of the ridges 20a and 20b are reinforced by inclined ribs. FIG. 17 shows how amphibians such as frogs are moving along the taxiway. The reinforcing ribs of the ridges 20a and 20b may be formed in a small cross-sectional area as shown in FIG. 18 in order to facilitate movement of the small animal.
The taxiway may also be provided somewhat intermittently. An example is shown in FIGS. In these examples, the ridges 21 are formed at the center in the longitudinal direction of the block so that the end portions thereof do not reach both end edges of the block. FIG. 22 shows a state where the frog is moving along the taxiway. As shown in the drawing, the slope forming the ridges 21 is formed as an uneven slip surface 23. In addition, planting holes 22 are formed at appropriate locations on the ridges 21 and the slopes in order to allow plants to grow.
FIGS. 23 and 24 show another embodiment in which a substantially continuous guide path is formed on the front surface of the block. The formation of the substantially continuous guide path 1 composed of a ramp and a flat part is based on regular repetition of a plurality of convex parts whose lower part is on the lower side than the upper part. If these are formed in a pseudo-stone state as shown in FIG. 24, it is more preferable in terms of scenery.
FIG. 25 is a front view showing another example of the guide path forming block according to the present invention. FIG. 26 is a plan view of the block, FIG. 27 is a right side view of the block, and FIG. XX sectional view of the block, FIG. 29 is a construction drawing of the block. The guide path forming blocks in the examples shown in these figures have a substantially hexagonal shape in which the block front surface R1 (decorative surface) is long and flat in the left-right direction, and the top surface portion at the top of the block front surface R1 is a descending gentle slope R11. It is formed as. That is, the descending gentle slope R11 is secured by using the thickness of the panel-shaped block front surface R1, and more specifically, the uppermost surface portion of the block is a flat stage portion R12, and the stage portion R12 is In the center, descending gentle slopes R11 and R11 are connected in the left-right direction. The surfaces of the left and right gentle slopes R11, R11 and the surface of the stage portion R12 are preferably formed in an uneven shape or a rough surface shape.
On the front side of the block R1 (decorative side), in consideration of the landscape at the time of revetment installation, a pseudo stone pattern unevenness imitating natural stone is formed, one in the center part and one on each side, Openings R13a, R13b, R13c having an indefinite shape so as not to impair the pseudo stone pattern are formed. All of these openings R13a, R13b, and R13c communicate with the cavities R3a, R3b, and R3c between the block back surface holding portion R2. As shown in FIG. 28, of the three cavities, the left and right cavities R3b, R3c have no bottom plate and penetrate from the top to the bottom to ensure water permeability, but the central cavity R3a Has a bottom plate R5, and water permeability is ensured by a small drainage hole R31 having a mortar-like cross section formed in the center thereof. The reason why the bottom plate R5 is provided in the central cavity R3a is to secure the strength of the block itself while ensuring the stability when a plurality of blocks are stacked in multiple stages as will be described later.
In the guide path forming block of this example, the block front surface R1 is configured to form a substantially vertical surface. Therefore, when stacking in multiple stages, as shown in FIG. 29, the upper block is positioned above the lower block. It is installed in a staircase shape while shifting the block located in the back direction. Recesses R41 and R41 serving as connecting portions are provided on the upper surfaces of the ribs R4 and R4 at the left and right ends of each block and connecting the block front surface R1 and the block back surface holding portion R2. When the bottom portions of the adjacent upper block front surfaces R1 are fitted, the blocks are prevented from being displaced. On the front wall of the retaining wall and the revetment formed by sequentially stacking blocks in this way, a sloping road in which descending gentle slopes R11 and stage portions R12 are alternately continued diagonally or vertically in a plurality of blocks. Is formed.
Although crushed stones and earth and sand are placed in the hollow portions R3a, R3b, and R3c of the block, depending on the inclination angle of the retaining wall and the like formed, the upper block is kept on the back side more than the lower block Thus, more effective vegetation is achieved from the exposed upper surface portions of the block cavities R3a, R3b, and R3c. The openings R13a, R13b, and R13c in the block front surface R1 can serve as a corner of a small animal that moves on a sloping road, or can be a fish nest in a portion that is submerged in water.
FIG. 30 is a perspective view showing another example of the guide path forming block according to the present invention, and FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the block seen from the upside down. In the block of this example, the block front surface S1 has an isosceles triangle shape, and the top surface portion located on the block front surface side on two inclined equal sides forms descending gentle slopes S11 and S11. The block front surface S1 and the block back surface holding portion S2 having the same shape are connected by three ribs S4, S4, S4, and the space between the block front surface S1 and the block back surface holding portion S2 is a hollow portion S3. Openings between the ribs S4, S4, S4 communicate with the cavity S3. Although not shown in the figure, similar to the block of the previous example, the block front surface S1 may be provided with an uneven pattern imitating natural stone, or an opening communicating with the cavity S3 may be provided.
FIG. 32 is a construction diagram showing a state in which the blocks in the examples of FIGS. 30 and 31 are stacked in multiple stages. In the block of this example, the first row is formed by arranging horizontally while reversing the up and down directions alternately, and the second step is also arranged horizontally while reversing the up and down directions alternately in the same manner. By forming and repeating this, the retaining walls and the like stacked in multiple stages are completed. The point that the second stage is shifted from the first stage to the back side and stacked in a staircase shape is the same as the construction example of FIG. 29, but in this example, as shown in FIG. By shifting the blocks arranged so that the two equal sides face downward to the back side, the descending gentle slopes S11, S11 of the blocks arranged so that the two equal sides face upward are exposed. Yes.
As a result, in the block arranged so that the two equal sides face downward, the bottom portion of the block front surface S1 becomes a flat stage portion S12, and the descending gentle slope S11 is inclined in the vertical direction through this stage portion S12, or An oblique road that is continuous with the zigzag fold is formed. In the figure, the portion displaying the lattice pattern is a cavity S3 in which crushed stones, earth and sand, etc. are housed, so that the blocks are exposed so that the earth and sand etc. of the cavity S3 located on the back side from the stage part S12 are exposed. By staggering and stacking, vegetation can be achieved from exposed earth and sand.
FIG. 33 is a perspective view showing still another example of the guide path forming block according to the present invention. In the block of this example, a projection T5 having a generally chevron shape in front view is provided at a substantially intermediate position between a block front surface T1 having a rectangular shape in front view and a block rear surface holding portion T2 having the same shape. The protrusion T5 has a considerable thickness. By using this thickness, the top surface of the protrusion T5 is used as a stage T12, and a slope extending from the stage T12 to the left and right ends of the block is provided. The descending gentle slopes T11 and T11 are used. In this way, between the protrusion T5 and the block front surface T1 that are erected upward at a position reserved on the back side from the block front surface T1, and between the protrusion T5 and the block rear surface holding portion T2, there is a center. The ribs T4 are divided into two cavities T3a and T3b that communicate vertically.
FIG. 34 is a perspective view showing an example of a construction state in which the blocks of the example shown in FIG. 33 are stacked in multiple stages. In this construction example, a stepped retaining wall surface is formed by placing the next block on the back side of the protrusion T5 in the block located at the lower stage, that is, on the back holding part T2. As shown in the drawing, the height of the stage portion T12 provided on the top of the projection portion T5 is set to exactly twice the height of the block front surface T1, so in a construction state in which multiple stages are piled up, The stage portion T12 of the lower block and the top surface portion of the block front surface T1 in the upper block are continuous. As a result, the stage portion T12 passes through the descending gentle slope T11 from the top surface portion of the block front surface T1 in the lower block. As a result, a continuous oblique road is formed to the top surface portion of the block front surface T1 in the upper block. In the block of this example as well, crushed stones and earth and sand are put into the cavities T3a and T3b shown by the lattice pattern in the figure to achieve vegetation.
FIG. 35 is a perspective view showing another construction state in which the blocks of the example shown in FIG. 33 are stacked in multiple stages. In the previous construction example, the blocks piled up in multiple stages were in the same position in the upper and lower stages, but in this construction example, the blocks located in the lower stage while shifting the block position in the horizontal direction for each stage The blocks located on the upper stage are arranged in a staircase pattern while shifting in the back direction. As a result, the distance from the block located at the lower stage through the descending gentle slope T11 to the stage T12 and the distance from the block front face of the block located at the upper stage to the descending gentle slope T11 is the distance of the previous construction example. Since it is shorter than the case, in the completed retaining wall, it is easy to reach the descending gentle slope T11 in the next block from the descending gentle slope T11 in the first block, and the movement of the small animal moving up and down is possible. It will be smoother.
FIG. 36 is a front view (a) and a right side view (b) showing still another example of the guide path forming block according to the present invention. Even in the block of this example, the lower top surface portion of the block front surface U1 having a substantially horizontally long hexagonal shape when viewed from the front is provided with lower gentle slopes U11 and U11 in the left and right directions with the flat stage portion U12 at the center. The upper part of the block front surface U1 having the descending gentle slopes U11, U11 is different from the block of the previous example in that the upper part of the block front face U1 protrudes in the front direction from the lower part of the block front face U1 that does not have the downward gentle slope. In addition, a hollow portion is not seen between the block front surface U1 and the block rear surface holding portion U2, and instead, a connecting portion U41 that is convex on the top surface side of the block and concave on the bottom surface side of the block is provided. This is also different from the previous example block.
And unlike the block of the example demonstrated so far, the block of this example is used when forming a retaining wall surface by stacking on a vertical or steep slope instead of being piled up stepwise. That is, FIG. 37 is a perspective view showing the construction state of the block of this example, and as shown in the figure, the connecting portions U41 of the blocks are continuously stacked in multiple stages so as to fit in the vertical direction. An anchor U5 is stretched between each block back surface holding portion U2 and the installation slope, and the backfill material is input after each block is stacked and constructed while fixing the block by the anchor U5. It will be. In a state where the stacked blocks are completed as retaining walls, the descending gentle slope U11 and the stage portion U12 at the upper part of the block front surface U1 protruding from the wall surface are continuous, and the completed retaining wall surface is slanted vertically or in a zigzag shape. A ramp is formed.
In addition, when the blocks of this example are stacked in the vertical direction, the descending gentle slope U11 and the stage portion U12 are slightly inclined downward, so that the surfaces thereof are provided with uneven or rough slip stoppers. It is desirable to apply. In order to more effectively prevent the small animal from sliding off, the descending gentle slope U11 and the stage portion U12 are preferably formed as a concave surface portion having a groove shape.
FIG. 38 is a front view (a), a right side view (b), and an XX sectional view (c) of an example in which another aspect is adopted as a connecting portion in the block of FIG. 36. In the block of this example, the fitting groove U42 is adopted as the connecting portion, and the fitting groove U42 is engraved in the upper part and the lower part on the back side of the block, and in the left and right parts. FIG. 39 is a perspective view showing a construction state of the block. As shown in the figure, when the blocks are stacked in multiple stages, the connecting plates U6 are fitted so as to straddle the fitting grooves U42 of the adjacent blocks, whereby the blocks are connected and fixed. An anchor U5 is stretched between the back side of the connecting plate U6 and the installation slope, and the backfilling material is put in after each block is piled up while being fixed by the anchor U5. A notch U43 seen in the fitting groove U42 in the upper part of the block is provided for fitting the anchor U5.
The retaining wall formed by stacking a large number of blocks in this way is the upper part of the block front surface U1 protruding forward from the wall surface when the backfilling material is thrown in and completed as in the previous example. Thus, the gentle slope U11 and the stage portion U12 are continuous, and a sloping road that is inclined in the vertical direction or in a zigzag manner is formed on the entire retaining wall surface.
FIG. 40 is a perspective view showing a state where construction is performed using a block of still another example. The block of this example is also provided with descending gentle slopes V11 and V11 in the left-right direction with the flat stage portion V12 at the center at the top top surface portion of the block front surface V1 having a substantially horizontally long hexagonal shape when viewed from the front. The upper part of the block front surface V1 provided with the gentle slopes V11, V11 is the same as the block of FIG. The difference is that the whole block is formed long in the direction of the back surface holding portion, and a hollow portion V3 having an open top surface and a back surface is provided. As shown by the lattice pattern in the figure, when a plurality of blocks are stacked in multiple stages while crushed stones and earth and sand are placed inside the cavity part V3, the stage part V12 and the lower part are lowered together with the front end part of the cavity part V3. Since the gentle slopes V11 and V11 protrude forward from the wall surface, and the stage portion V12 and the descending gentle slopes V11 and V11 are continuous, a slant road that is inclined in the vertical direction or in a zigzag manner is formed on the entire retaining wall surface. is there.
FIG. 41 is a perspective view showing an example of a panel material according to the present invention. The panel material of the example shown in figure is one in which one protrusion P2 is erected at the center in the long side direction on the front surface of the horizontally long rectangular panel body P1A. In addition, inclined ribs P3 and P3 are extended at the left and right ends of the ridge P2 so as to hold the ridge P2, and a portion between the ridge P2 and the inclined ribs P3 and P3 at both ends is a recessed portion. It is P4. On the other hand, the back surface of the panel body P1A is normally formed as a flat surface without protrusions, but may have a recessed shape leaving a peripheral portion in order to reduce the weight of the panel material.
FIG. 42 shows an example in which such a panel material is adhered and fixed to the front surface of an existing wall body. It does not matter whether the existing wall front W is a smooth surface or a rough surface, and the inclination angle is not a problem. In short, any wall body capable of adhering and fixing the panel material may be used, and the adhering and fixing can be performed by appropriately selecting and using various fixing means such as an adhesive and an anchor. In the illustrated example, a plurality of panel materials are grouped in three stages from the vicinity of the lower end of the existing wall front W to the upper end while combining the panel material of FIG. 40 and the panel material slightly shorter than the panel material. It is fixed continuously while dividing. Of course, you may fix continuously as a complete straight line, without dividing into groups. Moreover, in this example, the retaining wall of the river is assumed as the existing wall body, and the panel material is pasted from a position slightly deviated from the lower end of the front surface W of the existing wall body in consideration of the water surface position. Needless to say, the lowest end of the front surface W may be the starting point.
As shown in the drawing, the end portions of the ridges P2 in each panel material are connected to each other while the inclined ribs P3 and P3 are interposed between adjacent panel materials by the panel material stuck obliquely and continuously. Thus, a guide path that forms an inclined surface that is continuous in the vertical direction on the front surface W of the existing wall body is formed. The recessed portion P4 sandwiched between the inclined ribs P3 and P3 and located above the ridge P2 serves as a resting place for small animals moving on the guide path, and vegetation such as weeds can be achieved when soil or the like blows out.
FIG. 43 is a perspective view showing another example of the panel material according to the present invention. Although it has a more complicated shape as compared with the panel material of the example of FIG. 41, a flat stage portion P8 provided at the center of the upper end on the front side of the panel body P1B having a substantially rectangular shape. And first stepped portions P5 and P5 inclined downward in the left-right direction and second stepped steps P6 and P6 inclined downward from both ends and reaching the center of the lower end. Then, through holes P7 and P7 having a horizontally long triangle shape are formed between the first steps P5 and P5 and the second steps P6 and P6. These through holes P7, P7 sometimes serve as a home for small animals.
FIG. 44 shows an example in which such a panel material is adhered and fixed to the front surface of the existing wall body. As shown in the drawing, the panel body P1B is stuck and fixed so as to be stacked in the vertical direction. Further, by sticking and fixing about two pieces to the upper side, from the lower end to the upper end of the existing wall front W A guiding path having a continuous gentle slope is formed.
That is, the guide path starting from the second steps P6 and P6 in the panel body P1B located at the lowermost stage continues to the first steps P5 and P5, and passes through the stage portion P8 of each panel body P1B. Continuing to the second steps P6 and P6 in the panel main body P1B located at the position, it is zigzag and continues to the panel main body P1B located at the uppermost stage.
In FIG. 44, the panel main body P1C adhered and fixed on the right side has an uneven pattern such as a pseudo stone on the entire front side of the previous panel main body P1B adhered and fixed on the left side. As a result of the uneven surface being formed on the entire front surface in this way, the surface of the completed guideway is also formed in an uneven or rough surface, so that it is possible to prevent the small animals moving along the guideway from slipping.
By providing one or a plurality of hollow portions in such a panel material, rich vegetation can be realized when the panel material is stuck and fixed to the front surface of the existing wall body. FIG. 45 is a perspective view showing an example of a panel body provided with a large number of cavities, and the first steps P5, P5 and the second steps P6, P6, P1C and P1C are used as basic shapes. An example in which a plurality of hollow portions P9 are provided between P6 and the stage portion P8 and the back plate P10 is shown. Also in the panel body P1D of this example, the first steps P5, P5, the second steps P6, P6 and the stage part P8 respectively serve as guideways for small animals, like the panel bodies P1B, P1C of the previous example. However, when the earth and sand and crushed stones are placed in the hollow portion P9, the rooted plant also functions as a hiding place for small animals, and when the panel body P1D is stuck and fixed to the submerged part, The gap also becomes a corner of fish.
The panel material described above is used by sticking and fixing it to the front surface of the existing wall body. A mold having a ridge, a recessed portion or a step on the installation surface side is used. For example, when an individual transfer form corresponding to the panel material of FIG. 41 is formed and placed and fixed at an appropriate position with respect to the form installed for constructing the front surface of the wall body to be newly installed, the concrete is cast. When the wall body is completed by being installed, a guide path having a gentle slope in which the ridges and the like continue in the vertical direction on the front surface of the wall body as shown in FIG. 42 is transferred and formed.
In addition, if an individual transfer form corresponding to the panel material of FIG. 43 is formed and placed and fixed as appropriate to the form installed for the construction of the new wall body, concrete will be placed. As shown in FIG. 44, when the wall is completed, a guide path having a gentle slope in which the ridges and the like continue in the vertical direction is transferred and formed on the front surface of the wall. . In particular, if the guide path forming portion on the transfer surface is formed in an irregular shape or rough surface, the completed front surface of the wall body is also shown on the right side of FIG. 44, thereby preventing the moving small animals from sliding down. .
In addition, as a formwork, synthetic resin foams such as expanded polystyrene are made of steel or wooden if the ridges, recessed portions or steps are three-dimensionally engraved on the transfer surface side which is the concrete casting surface side. Conventionally used ones that are pasted and fixed to a panel can be used.
On the other hand, in the case of newly constructing and constructing a wall body by placing concrete at the site, and using the formwork as a discarded formwork as it is as a decorative face of the structure, it is exemplified in FIG. A panel is formed by projecting the back of the panel material on the back side, that is, on the concrete placing surface side. As the spine, in addition to the steel L-shaped legs and anchors used in conventional discarded molds, metal or fiber nets are also preferably used. Alternatively, the back side of the stacked formwork may be connected with an angle material or the like. In any case, an integrated retaining wall or the like is constructed by the concrete placed on the back side, and the front side of the completed retaining wall or the like is projected on the front surface of the wall body as shown in FIG. Thus, a guide path is formed which forms a gentle slope in which etc. are substantially continuous in the vertical direction. As in the case of the panel material described above, if the guide path forming portion is formed in an uneven or rough surface, the front surface of the completed wall is also shown on the right side of FIG. Prevents slipping.

As described above, the guide path forming block according to the present invention is useful when forming a wall body by stacking cloth or valleys using a plurality, and when the wall body is formed high In addition, the guiding path (slope) can be formed in a substantially continuous state. Such ramps allow amphibians such as frogs and newts and insects such as firefly larvae to travel along the ramps from water to land or vice versa. In addition, despite the presence of high walls, small animals can move along the sloping road. As a result, the installation path of the retaining wall etc. has disrupted the movement path of small animals such as the traditional beast path. However, since a new movement route can be secured, adverse effects on the habitat environment can be prevented.
In addition, by using a guide path forming block provided so that the guide path rises obliquely from below or on both sides of the flat part and rises obliquely upward from both sides of the flat part, a complicated guide path can be formed on the slope of the wall. it can.
In addition, in the guideway forming block with the top surface at the top front of the block as a gentle slope, the multiple blocks are stacked in multiple steps, especially the blocks located above the lower block are shifted to the back and stepped. When arranged, even when the wall surface is formed high, it is possible to form a ramp that continues the wall surface in the vertical direction and facilitates the movement of small animals.
These taxiway building blocks are also considered for vegetation, and are a multi-natural type in which plants grow from the crushed stones and earth and sand contained in the cavity through the opening of the block, ensuring the living space. Wall formation is easy, and for organisms that inhabit the waterside, the waterside is always secured regardless of fluctuations in the water level of rivers, etc., so that stable ecosystem conservation is achieved.
And if the wall construction panel material provided with the taxiway according to the present invention is used, it is attached to the front part of the wall body such as an existing retaining wall or revetment, so that the inhabiting situation of small animals in the site can be improved. It is possible to establish a new guideway that allows the movement of a small animal, with the shape and route suitable for the wall body front surface being continuous in the vertical direction. Even if the movement path of small animals such as the beast tract is divided by the wall installation, it is possible to secure a new movement path without making major modifications to the structure just by sticking and fixing to the front of the wall body. Playback can be achieved.
In addition, if the formwork for building a wall body provided with the guideway according to the present invention is used, a part of the formwork (sometimes abandoned formwork) or a concrete wall body newly constructed by site placement or A guideway that allows the movement of small animals by connecting the front of the wall up and down in a shape and route that fits the habitat of small animals at the site just by using all of them. Can do.

Claims (23)

In order to form a continuous guide path by stacking a plurality of blocks, a ridge, a groove, or a step is provided on the front surface of the block at a position where its end is continuous between adjacent blocks. Block formation block. The guide path forming block according to claim 1, wherein convex lines, concave lines, or steps are provided in different directions in the upper block and the lower block, and the guide path is formed by stacking. The guide path forming block according to claim 1, wherein the guide path has a flat portion at an end of the block front surface or in the middle. 2. The guide path forming block according to claim 1, wherein the guide path is provided on both sides of the flat part so as to rise obliquely from below or to rise obliquely upward from both sides of the flat part. 5. The guide path forming block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a hollow portion is provided on a back side of the front plate on which the guide path is formed and a communication hole is provided in the front plate. 3. The guide path forming block according to claim 2, wherein the block in which the guide path is formed is a coherent block shape including a front plate and a holding portion. The guide path forming block according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein non-slip irregularities are formed on the guide path. The guide path forming block according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a groove or a hole for imparting a vegetation function is provided in the guide path or in the vicinity of the guide path. The top surface of the upper part of the front of the block is formed as a descending gentle slope, and when multiple blocks are stacked in multiple stages, the downward gentle slope forms a ramp that continues in the vertical direction across the multiple blocks A block for forming a taxiway. The block front surface according to claim 9, wherein the front surface of the block has a substantially hexagonal shape that is long and flat in the horizontal direction, and the descending gentle slope is continuously provided on the left and right sides with a flat stage portion at the center. Taxiway block. 10. The guide path forming block according to claim 9, wherein the front surface of the block has an isosceles triangle shape, and a descending gentle slope is provided on the top surface portion of two equal sides. The top surface portion of the projecting portion erected upward at a position reserved on the back side from the front side of the block is formed as a descending gentle slope, and when a plurality of blocks are stacked in multiple stages, the descending gentle slope is A guide path forming block that forms a ramp that continues in the vertical direction across a plurality of blocks through the top surface portion at the top of the block front surface. The guide path forming block according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein at least the surface of the descending gentle slope is formed in an uneven shape or a rough surface shape. The front surface of the block forms a substantially vertical surface, and when stacking in multiple stages, the block positioned above the block positioned at the lower level is shifted in the back direction and arranged in a step shape. 14. The guide path forming block according to any one of items 13. The upper part of the front surface of the block having a descending gentle slope is formed so as to protrude in the front direction from the lower part of the front surface of the block without the downward gentle slope, according to any one of claims 9, 10, 13, or 14. The described guideway forming block. The connecting portion between the blocks stacked in multiple stages is formed correspondingly on the top surface and bottom surface of the block, according to any one of claims 9, 10, 13, or 14. The described guideway forming block. A cavity portion is provided between the front surface of the block and the back surface holding portion, and an opening communicating with the cavity portion is formed in the front surface or the upper surface of the block. The block for taxiway formation according to any one of Items. It is a concrete panel material that is stuck and fixed to the front surface of the completed wall body, and is provided with a ridge, a recessed portion or a step on the front surface side, and when it is stuck and fixed to the front surface of the wall body, the ridge or the like A wall construction panel material provided with a guide path, which is formed as a guide path that forms a gentle slope that is continuous between adjacent panels and is substantially continuous in the vertical direction. 19. The wall construction panel material having a guide path according to claim 18, wherein the surface of the guide path is formed in an uneven or rough surface. Formwork used for construction of concrete wall body, provided with ridges, recessed portions or steps on the concrete casting surface side, and when the wall body is completed, the ridges etc. on the front surface of the wall body A formwork for building a wall body provided with a guide path, in which a guide path having a gentle slope that is continuous in a substantially vertical direction is transferred and formed. 21. A mold for building a wall body with a guide path according to claim 20, wherein the concrete placement surface corresponding to the surface of the guide path in the completed wall body is formed in an uneven shape or a rough surface shape. frame. A formwork used for the construction of a concrete wall body, which has a spine on the concrete casting surface side, and is provided with ridges, depressions or steps on the front side, and when the wall body is completed A formwork for building a wall body provided with a guide path, which is formed as a guide path in which the ridges and the like form a gentle slope that continues substantially in the vertical direction on the front surface of the wall body. The form for building a wall body provided with the guide path according to claim 22, wherein the surface of the guide path is formed in an uneven shape or a rough surface shape.

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